[{"bbox": [96, 153, 1135, 207], "category": "Text", "text": "and host communities in the city which is equally the objective of the G4DU program. To the extent possible joint\nmonitoring and cross learning between the action and G4DU is to be implemented."}, {"bbox": [96, 207, 1135, 392], "category": "Text", "text": "It also illustrates the EU's commitment to addressing the refugee & forcibly displaced people issue. Through supporting the humanitarian-development-peace Nexus in Uganda, the EU aims to increase the effectiveness of its contribution to the rollout of the CRRF. The Action is also fully aligned with the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO) programme in Uganda, which includes the reinforcement of refugees and host communities access to emergency basic services including WASH among its strategic priorities, as well as the support at initial stages of longer-term WASH interventions, as is already the case under the ongoing Isingiro project, where ECHO through UNHCR is supporting the realization of the initial design and feasibility studies."}, {"bbox": [86, 407, 340, 437], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2 Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [96, 466, 316, 493], "category": "Text", "text": "Short problem analysis:"}, {"bbox": [96, 504, 1135, 744], "category": "Text", "text": "As outlined in the previous section, the main challenges for the provision of a reliable and safe drinking water supply and basis sanitation services in Northern Uganda are a) the steady influx of refugees, b) that the existing water and sanitation infrastructure is already inadequate and increasingly under pressure due to high population growth, and c) the negative impacts of climate change in the form of extreme weather events. In order to operationalise the above-mentioned *Water and Environment Sector Refugee Response Plan*, the Ministry of Water and Environment conducted *The Infrastructure Development Plan for the West Nile Region* (IsDP), a study funded by the German Government to assess water availability and demand in the region, which is majorly impacted by the ongoing influx of refugees. The study identifies necessary investment measures in the city of Arua and surrounding refugee hosting districts as a priority."}, {"bbox": [96, 755, 1135, 889], "category": "Text", "text": "Arua obtained city status in July 2020, and its population is growing at a rate of 3% per annum – 1% higher than the capital city of Kampala. Arua is the economic center of the West Nile region and attracts many people hoping for improved infrastructure and economic prospects. The city's proximity to the borders of South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo has led to a growing number of refugees and an increased demand for social services and livelihoods support. A recent census estimates that more than 11% of the population are refugees."}, {"bbox": [96, 900, 1135, 1034], "category": "Text", "text": "The MWE's study underlined that Arua lacks a long-term, sustainable water source and faces severe water shortages during dry seasons. Boreholes currently only cover part of the actual water demand and groundwater resources won't suffice to supply the water demand of the projected population latest by the year 2040. Due to the hydrogeological conditions a further development of groundwater resources is counterproductive and undesirable in the long term."}, {"bbox": [96, 1045, 1135, 1153], "category": "Text", "text": "Climate change aggravates the problem: increasing occurrence of heavy rains for instance poses challenges for Arua City where drainage is a major issue and leads itself to flooding. Longer and more frequent dry periods and droughts burden the supply of clean drinking water from the main supply source, river Enyau, which already today often falls dry during these periods."}, {"bbox": [96, 1164, 1135, 1509], "category": "Text", "text": "The impacts of climate change are often felt most acutely at the local level by the most vulnerable groups, including people living in informal settlements and refugees. A lack of basic social services and damages to property due to extreme weather events affect them disproportionately more than other parts of the society that have sufficient (financial) means to provide for themselves. As recognised in the IWRM approach, women often face higher risks and greater burdens from the impacts of climate change in situations of poverty and due to existing roles, responsibilities, and cultural norms. In Uganda, women are majorly responsible for household energy, food, water, and care for the young and elderly. Additionally, it is noted that environmental degradation and reduced ground water recharge and supply has contributed to climate vulnerability, sexual and gender-based violence for women and children during firewood collection, reduced food and nutrition security and depleted sources of cooking fuel.⁴ Furthermore, women, particularly refugee women, tend to have less access to information about existing resources than men due to their restriction of movement, less access to radio, smartphones and lower literacy. As a consequence, women have less decision-making power than men and they have less capacity to participate in the management of WASH and land resources and infrastructures."}, {"bbox": [96, 1521, 1135, 1575], "category": "Text", "text": "Lastly, the rapid and unstructured growth of Arua will hinder a sustainable development of the city and its infrastructure. Adapted and forward looking planning needs to consider different aspects of political, economic"}, {"bbox": [86, 1621, 829, 1646], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁴ Uganda: *Water and Environment Sector Refugee Response Plan* (WESRRP) 2019-2022"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1682, 1142, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 7 of 21"}]