[{"bbox": [81, 120, 320, 145], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Disaster Risk Reduction"}, {"bbox": [81, 150, 1161, 331], "category": "Text", "text": "Excessive rainfall in November 2022 with subsequent flooding paralysed three quarters of the central sewerage system. Subsequent rehabilitation triggered lessons for its technical design. The lessons-learned have been incorporated in the (technical design of) the proposed Action, making the system more disaster resilient. Climate change resilience is enhanced by the actions related to strengthened water resources management: capture, retention, storage and management of rainwater that form part of the NEPP Implementation Agenda Bonaire. Bonaire has been identified as the first part of the Netherlands being affected by rising sea water levels."}, {"bbox": [81, 358, 393, 383], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Other considerations if relevant"}, {"bbox": [81, 388, 1161, 443], "category": "Text", "text": "In addition to all activities foreseen (section 3.2), specific EU visibility activities would be further determined and implemented as part of the Action.³⁵"}, {"bbox": [81, 472, 1161, 557], "category": "Text", "text": "The proposed Action applies -and is illustrative for- the Rio Principle 4 \"In order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it\"."}, {"bbox": [70, 577, 386, 604], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 3.4 Risks and Lessons Learnt"}, {"bbox": [85, 623, 915, 650], "category": "Text", "text": "The 2023 Risk Management Framework (RMF) for Bonaire represents an overall low risk."}, {"bbox": [70, 665, 1167, 1598], "category": "Table", "text": "<table><thead><tr><td>Category</td><td>Risks</td><td>Likelihood (High/ Medium/ Low)</td><td>Impact (High/ Medium/ Low)</td><td>Mitigating measures</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>external environment</td><td>Risk 1: Vulnerability to extreme weather due to climate change (rainfall, flooding)</td><td>high</td><td>high</td><td>The envisaged improved sewerage system is a mitigating measure; it contributes to a separate discharge (not mixed with rainwater) during rainstorms.<br/>-1 (Support to) implementation of other NEPP components ref. water retention, rainwater drainage system.<br/>Bonaire counts with 'climate tables' supported by international universities.</td></tr><tr><td>planning, processes and systems;</td><td>Risk 2: Coordination weaknesses and management in silos in the local government of Bonaire<br/>Risk 3: Delays in planning / design of physical infrastructure</td><td>medium</td><td>medium</td><td>-1 Timely provision of complementary support earmarked in this Action (i.e. on awareness and market studies of treated water).<br/>- 2 Annual work plan and budget to be approved and monitored by NEPP Steering Committee for Land and Water.<br/>- 3 Monitoring system to be strengthened.<br/>- 4 Active coordination and dialogue Delegation with the Public Entity Bonaire<br/>In part (and temporarily) mitigated by the external workforce supplied by central government (2023).</td></tr><tr><td>people and the organisation</td><td>Risk 4: Absence of necessary workforce and skills to upgrade the wastewater and sanitation sector</td><td>medium</td><td>medium</td><td>In part (and temporarily mitigated) by the external workforce supplied by central government (2023).<br/>-1 Timely provision of complementary support earmarked in this Action (i.e. on awareness and market studies of treated water as well as on timely testing and analysis of raw, leached and treated sewage regarding its impact on the marine environment).</td></tr></tbody></table>"}, {"bbox": [85, 1630, 1140, 1681], "category": "Footnote", "text": "³⁵ Complying with the instructions given in the 2022 guidance document *Communicating and raising EU visibility: Guidance for external actions* (or any successor document)."}, {"bbox": [1027, 1681, 1141, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 13 of 25"}]