[{"bbox": [97, 154, 1133, 208], "category": "Text", "text": "situation of vulnerability. Structural problems such as persisting overcrowding, lack of access to security, hygiene, health and rehabilitation programmes have not been addressed."}, {"bbox": [97, 227, 1134, 439], "category": "Text", "text": "Persons in situation of vulnerability face numerous obstacles to access justice on a basis of equality, linked to a structural context of **discrimination and inequality**, including discriminatory laws, procedural and evidentiary requirements and practices and gender stereotyping. This is compounded by the **limited quality legal aid, advice, and representation** available to such persons. Indigenous peoples and small farmers in Honduras face discrimination, lack of legal knowledge, language barriers and difficulty accessing legal aid services. They often live in areas far from the formal justice system, face conflicts over land and natural resources with powerful actors such as corporations and government entities leading to violence and displacement and are disproportionately impacted by impunity and corruption."}, {"bbox": [97, 465, 1134, 966], "category": "Text", "text": "Honduras is the poorest country in Central America and has one of the highest rates of inequality globally. In 2022, 73.6% of the population lived in poverty and 53.7% in extreme poverty. Inequitable access to land, territory and natural resources is one of the main causes of inequality and poverty. It is rooted in various factors, such as insecure land tenure and limited institutional capacity to resolve property rights and the overlap of private and ancestral land titles. This is further compounded by the existence of an economic development model based on extractive industries installed through potentially fraudulent licensing procedures, without the effective participation of local communities or the consent of indigenous and Afro-Honduran peoples, significantly impacting access to economic, social and cultural rights and the protection of the environment. **Lack of access to justice**, in turn **further perpetuates inequality**, particularly due the absence of mechanisms designed to facilitate access for indigenous, afro-Honduran and peasant persons to protect their rights. Compared to previous years, OHCHR registered an increase in mixed migratory movements and an increased presence of families and women with children in migratory routes, taking alternate routes and moving in smaller groups. According to the National Migration Institute, in 2022, 188 858 migrants entered the country irregularly¹, mostly from Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador and Haiti. According to the Honduran Consular and Migration Observatory, 88 855 Honduran migrants were returned to the country, the vast majority from Mexico (45 961) and the United States (42 090). Of concern is the overcrowding of shelters due to the significant increase in transit migratory flows, which on occasion makes it impossible for migrants to find refuge. OHCHR recorded that unaccompanied minors, pregnant women and mothers with children, indigenous people and migrants from the LGBTI community are most often exposed to discrimination and violence."}, {"bbox": [97, 995, 1134, 1154], "category": "Text", "text": "The situation is further exacerbated by a prevailing culture of authoritarianism, violence, corruption and a high degree of impunity. Although Honduras has reduced its homicides rate by half since 2011, its homicides rate remains one of the world's highest with 38.93 cases violent deaths per 100 000 people. Evidence shows that the individuals that are most affected by violence are young women aged between 15 and 24 years (30%) and girls aged between 0 and 19 years (20.6%). Gender-based violence remains very high, with the country reporting the second highest femicide rate in Latin America."}, {"bbox": [97, 1181, 1134, 1286], "category": "Text", "text": "Furthermore, the last National Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDESA 2011-2012) shows that at least 4% of all Honduran women over the age of 12 years had suffered some kind of sexual abuse or violence during their life. It is estimated that 27% of Honduran women have suffered physical violence at some time in their life after the age of 15 years."}, {"bbox": [97, 1288, 1134, 1366], "category": "Text", "text": "These challenges have a wide impact across all sectors of life in the country. In 2021, Honduras ranked 126th out of 139 countries on the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index in 2021 which measures how the rule of law is experienced and perceived, trailing behind such countries as Uganda, Mozambique and Iran²."}, {"bbox": [97, 1393, 1134, 1551], "category": "Text", "text": "The change of Government in January 2022 and the inauguration of President Xiomara Castro resulted in increased political will and a new momentum to address longstanding human rights concerns in Honduras. The new government has made human rights a priority in its agenda and for setting this up the Government has required more support and technical assistance from the international community. While unresolved structural issues remain an obstacle to significant improvement, there is **political opening to address** such challenges, including those that limit access to justice and the impact the **effectiveness of the overall rule of law sector**."}, {"bbox": [86, 1597, 405, 1621], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹ http://inm.gob.hn/estadisticas.html"}, {"bbox": [86, 1621, 676, 1645], "category": "Footnote", "text": "² https://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index/country/Honduras"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1682, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 27"}]