[{"bbox": [85, 153, 340, 184], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2 Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [97, 200, 332, 227], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Short problem analysis:**"}, {"bbox": [97, 238, 1148, 399], "category": "Text", "text": "Angola has entered a new period after 38 years of José Eduardo dos Santos in power, where some promising signs of a certain political will to move towards a more open, inclusive and democratic country can be detected. This new climate is creating high expectations among citizens, who hope that the new leadership will address some unresolved issues and bring “development for all”. In some instances, there is a belief that the “opening” process is irreversible, and initiatives demonstrate the willingness of CSOs to be part of governance processes and the high expectations placed on the new political leadership."}, {"bbox": [97, 410, 1148, 516], "category": "Text", "text": "Despite this civil society faces numerous challenges that constrain its ability to effectively perform its functions and participate in building stronger democratic society and formulating better development policies. Angola's performance is still considered quite weak in many international indicators that measure democratic governance and human development."}, {"bbox": [97, 528, 1148, 663], "category": "Text", "text": "Furthermore, Angola is experiencing a critical and prolonged economic crisis, driven by cyclical and structural factors, which are significantly affecting the most vulnerable groups. In this difficult context, political change generates hope and a certain optimism – “vigilant optimism” – among civil society, that Angola can finally follow a path that would progressively address the various unresolved issues, towards inclusive and sustainable development."}, {"bbox": [97, 673, 1148, 781], "category": "Text", "text": "As far as Angola is concerned the level of CSOs participation is yet to be at the required level due two interrelated reasons. First, Angola' political culture has been largely shaped by liberation experiences and associated narratives in which the culture of confidentiality dominates, and autonomy is controlled and limited. Second, CSOs have limited capacity and resources to operate effectively."}, {"bbox": [97, 792, 1148, 899], "category": "Text", "text": "Factors contributing to this situation include also the legal and operational environment for CSOs. The large majority of CSOs have limited funding resources (and do not receive financial support from the state) and income generation is not allowed for CSOs, while the Statute of Public Utility, which allows CSOs to be eligible to access public funding by Presidential Decree 193/11, has so far only been granted to few CSOs."}, {"bbox": [97, 910, 1148, 1150], "category": "Text", "text": "Following the World Bank's latest available data¹⁴, the national poverty line, over 32% of the population is considered poor, and almost 50% of the population is multidimensionally poor. With a Gini Index of 51.3 in 2018, a Human Development Index (HDI)¹⁵ of 0.586 and an Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)¹⁶ of 0.407, inequality in Angola remains relatively high. As for income inequality, according to the World Inequality Database¹⁷, the 10% of the population with the highest incomes receives 58% of all incomes, whilst the poorest 50% receive only 9%. When further analysing inequality patterns, it is observed that almost 65% of the bottom 40% of the population lives in rural areas, that almost 46% of the children 0 to 14 years old belongs to the bottom 40% of the population, and that only 19% of the bottom 40% of the population have access to secondary education, while it decreases to 3% for tertiary education."}, {"bbox": [97, 1162, 1148, 1270], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action seeks to strengthen the capacity of civil society to participate effectively in policy and implementation processes and demonstrate their real value to the national development agenda. It is then important to have a dedicated programme to counter the shrinking of civic space by supporting initiative to enhance citizens' participation and dialogue with a particular focus on youth and women."}, {"bbox": [97, 1281, 1148, 1336], "category": "Section-header", "text": "**Identification of main stakeholders and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) to be covered by the Action:**"}, {"bbox": [97, 1347, 1148, 1480], "category": "Text", "text": "**CSOs in Angola:** The Action primary beneficiaries are CSOs, both national and international active in Angola in both development and humanitarian fields. CSOs will not only be beneficiaries but also active stakeholders in the transformative actions that will lead to the expected results. They are a fundamental counterpart in the dialogue that can shape public policies and in supporting thematic networks (e.g., in the field of good governance, transparency and accountability, entrepreneurship, environment, climate change, etc.). More capacitated CSOs will contribute to"}, {"bbox": [85, 1558, 308, 1581], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁴ https://data.worldbank.org/"}, {"bbox": [85, 1579, 632, 1603], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁵ Human Development Index | Human Development Reports (undp.org)"}, {"bbox": [85, 1602, 780, 1625], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁶ Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index | Human Development Reports (undp.org)"}, {"bbox": [85, 1624, 420, 1646], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁷ Home - WID - World Inequality Database"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1682, 1143, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 21"}]