[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1150, 525], "category": "Text", "text": "products. Marine artisanal fisheries are important. Nearly half of the population in many coastal areas relies on fisheries for livelihoods and women account for up to 80% of the people involved in artisanal fish processing and marketing¹². Around 170 000 tonnes of fish are estimated to be landed by the artisanal fishers folks. Most fishing for groupers, snappers, seabreams, croakers, spiny lobster, mackerel and lower-value species. All those actors are gathered in 149 fishing communities along the coast, accounting for roughly 380 000 people. This population is vulnerable, with very precarious living conditions, limited access to energy and sanitation (47%¹³), low levels of education (5.4%¹⁴) and access to decent job opportunities (high prevalence of informal work arrangements, under-employment and seasonal and casual employment). Protection of labour rights is weak. Communities involved in inland fisheries and aquaculture are equally vulnerable, but more dispersed across the country. Many small-scale fishers and aquaculture producers are poor and often depend on unpaid family labour, including that of women and sometimes children. They face numerous obstacles in raising their productivity and income levels, including limited access to credit knowledge and inputs. Whether employed in small-scale or larger operations, fish workers are particularly prone to occupation hazards¹⁵. The number of vessels is estimated at 9 500 being mainly artisanal fisheries that catch 27 000 tonnes annually (2018). Aquaculture is still at a very basic stage."}, {"bbox": [96, 550, 1150, 737], "category": "Text", "text": "There is a high demand for aquatic food products in Angola. The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations estimates per capita annual consumption at 20.2 kg, making aquatic food products account for about one fourth of total animal protein supply, playing a crucial role in food security and nutrition in the country. The domestic fishery industry is not able to meet this demand, and, as a consequence, substantial quantities are imported every year (the value of imports is USD 70 000 000 per year). In addition, overfishing and changes in hydrological conditions due to climate change have strongly reduced the fishing potential for industrial and small scale fisheries. In addition, the impacts of climate change in Angola are likely to be strongly felt in fisheries."}, {"bbox": [96, 762, 1150, 922], "category": "Text", "text": "In 2019, Angola elaborated its Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the Coastal Zone (Plano de Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas da Zona Costeira de Angola)¹⁶, identifying the main vulnerabilities of this area to the impacts of climate change, as well as several adaptation measures to adapt the territory to those expected impacts, including in the fisheries sector. This plan is an outcome of the National Strategy for Climate Change¹⁷, as it is one of the adaptation measures proposed for the Coastal Zone sector. Moreover, coastal zones and fisheries are recognised as sectors of focus for adaptation measures in the country's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)¹⁸."}, {"bbox": [96, 947, 1150, 1134], "category": "Text", "text": "The blue economy promotes sustainable approaches for marine and coastal resources management. It offers potential in the area of climate resilience contributing for the improvement of marine and coastal habitats, such as mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows, which provide protection from erratic climate events, including tropical storms and floods. Moreover, the blue economy contributes to climate change mitigation, capturing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, as well as to biodiversity conservation, promoting practices aimed at restoring, protecting and maintaining the diversity, productivity, resilience, core functions, and intrinsic value of marine ecosystems."}, {"bbox": [96, 1134, 1150, 1294], "category": "Text", "text": "The EU has been providing support to Angola's ambition to diversify its economy, expand exports and integrate to the global market, become more resilient and bolster interest to embrace green growth in a sustainable and climate adapted way. Implementation of the MIP is ensured by a substantial TEI on \"Diversification of Economy and Public Financial Management\" which includes this Action. The TEI seeks to upgrade non-oil based value chains, further develop the private sector, support export promotion and investments, particularly EU-Angola trade, as well as strengthen the enabling environment, including skills development and economic governance."}, {"bbox": [96, 1319, 1150, 1453], "category": "Text", "text": "The promotion of the blue economy is at the junction of the national strategy for the sea and the strategy to diversify the economy. Support to the sector will allow Angola to manage sustainably its marine and fresh water biological resources, improve coastal management, generate economic activity and wealth for coastal communities, create new decent jobs in particular for youth and women, improve health and nutrition of the most vulnerable populations by providing affordable, balanced, safe and sustainable diets, increase the revenue collected from the export of aquatic"}, {"bbox": [86, 1491, 649, 1517], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹² https://unctad.org/news/angola-casts-net-wider-scale-fish-exports"}, {"bbox": [86, 1515, 244, 1536], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹³ IPA census (2017)"}, {"bbox": [86, 1537, 244, 1558], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁴ IPA census (2017)"}, {"bbox": [86, 1558, 797, 1581], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁵ https://www.fao.org/rural-employment/agricultural-sub-sectors/fisheries-and-aquaculture/ar/"}, {"bbox": [86, 1581, 468, 1603], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁶ Get2C_ProdutoIV.1 - Final Draft.pdf (undp.org)"}, {"bbox": [86, 1603, 438, 1624], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁷ ENAC 2018-2030_14082017.pdf (undp.org)"}, {"bbox": [86, 1624, 710, 1647], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁸ With the “percentage of coastline under marine protection” among the indicators."}, {"bbox": [1037, 1667, 1143, 1691], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 25"}]