[{"bbox": [96, 179, 1135, 447], "category": "Text", "text": "In addition to high unemployment, inequality and poverty rates, the after-effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, corruption and patronage networks, indecisive action on policy and a less than efficient public sector, as well as a chronic energy crisis leading to daily instances of load-shedding, have contributed to SA experiencing sluggish growth and decreasing standards of living. The country is highly vulnerable to climate shocks, but also, as one of the world's largest coal producers making South Africa the 14th largest emitter of carbon dioxide worldwide. While on paper South Africa's energy generation and transmission capability is around 50 GW, Eskom (the state owned power utility) it is rarely capable of producing more than 58% of its capacity, leading to regular power outages (load-shedding) that significantly affect the day-to-day living of each citizens and the entire economy, costing billions of rands and GDP points to the South African economy every year, further fuelling issues such as poverty, unemployment, etc.⁶"}, {"bbox": [96, 470, 1135, 553], "category": "Text", "text": "The violence perpetrated against girls, women and the LGBTIQIA+ community was declared, by President Ramaphosa, in June 2020, to constitute South Africa's second pandemic. As many as 51% of women living in South Africa have experienced violence at the hands of someone with whom they are in a relationship.⁷"}, {"bbox": [96, 577, 1135, 897], "category": "Text", "text": "In this context, in addition to South Africa having signed the Paris Agreement in 2016, the country has become one of the most prominent case-studies for how to form international partnerships and construct financial models that quickly and effectively support energy and sustainable transitions and transformation with a focus on justice and social aspects. South Africa's Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) was launched in the margins of COP26 in Glasgow, with the ambition to \"establish an ambitious long-term partnership to support South Africa's pathway to low emissions and climate resilient development, to accelerate the just energy transition and the decarbonisation of the electricity system, and to develop new economic opportunities such as green hydrogen and electric vehicles amongst other interventions to support South Africa's shift towards a low carbon future.\" The EU, France, Germany, UK and USA pledged up to USD 8.5 billion (of which 1 billion from the EU/EIB) over 2023 and 2027, subject to agreement on an investment framework. This catalytic financing is expected to leverage a much greater level of resources from both private and public sources and assist and support South Africa's transition to decarbonize its economy."}, {"bbox": [134, 922, 339, 949], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## B. Domestic policies"}, {"bbox": [96, 960, 1135, 1149], "category": "Text", "text": "There have been a number of energy policy developments to assist South Africa with its energy transition. The National Development Plan (NDP) 2030, the draft Integrated Energy Plan (IEP), the Renewable Energy White Paper, the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), the Just Transition Framework (JTF), and enabling policies under development and in implementation, outline the policy foundation for energy transition in South Africa and the move away from carbon-fuelled energy. The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) 2019 covers the government's plans for power until 2030 and outlines a decreased reliance on coal-powered energy and an increased focus on a diversified energy mix that includes renewable energy, distributed generation and battery storage."}, {"bbox": [96, 1172, 1135, 1409], "category": "Text", "text": "In terms of the NDP, South Africa aims to build a developmental state and is committed to \"an environmentally sustainable and equitable transition to a low carbon economy\". JTF sets the frame for supporting the decarbonisation in a socially acceptable manner that contributes to the economic development of the country. The JTF focuses on the issues related to workers in the coal value chain and the economic development of coal dependent regions, mitigating impacts associated with fossil fuel value chains on vulnerable groups such as youth, women and people with disabilities, as well as access to modern energy services. The JTF lays out some of the key risks arising from the transition and sets key policy areas to help address them, including human resource and skills development; industrial development, economic diversification, and innovation; and social protection measures."}, {"bbox": [96, 1438, 1135, 1572], "category": "Text", "text": "During COP27, South Africa presented its Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (JET IP) to guide the just and green energy transition and help decarbonize the South African economy to within the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target range of 350-420 MtCO2 by 2030. The JET-IP highlights the need for ZAR 1,48 trillion (approximately EUR 72 billion) investment in three main priority sectors: low-emission electricity (electricity currently accounts for 45% of South Africa's greenhouse gas emissions, most of which generated from coal"}, {"bbox": [85, 1597, 349, 1621], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ Eskom communication, 2022."}, {"bbox": [85, 1621, 258, 1644], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁷ CLIP South Africa"}, {"bbox": [1037, 1681, 1144, 1707], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 27"}]