[{"bbox": [95, 152, 1136, 393], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action contributes mainly to SDG 10 (reduction of inequalities), as well as to SDGs 1, 5, 8 and 11. The action is guided by several key government-led policies including: the Ethiopian National Migration Policy, which is under finalisation¹, the Refugee Proclamation (2019), as well as the National Comprehensive Refugee Response Strategy. The Action is also in line with the Ethiopia pledges² at Global Refugee Forum (GRF) and Ethiopia's priority areas and potential new commitments for the 2023 GRF, particularly to transform selected refugee camps into urban settlements in a manner that benefits both refugees and host communities and improving enabling environments for more investment in refugee hosting regions. The Action will support domestication and implementation of the Kampala Convention on protection and assistance of IDPs. Finally, the Action is aligned to a number of legal commitments taken by GoE on regulating of labour migration."}, {"bbox": [87, 419, 506, 450], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 1.3 Zone benefitting from the Action"}, {"bbox": [87, 467, 1143, 495], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action shall be carried out in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, included in the list of ODA recipients."}, {"bbox": [87, 526, 323, 559], "category": "Section-header", "text": "# 2 RATIONALE"}, {"bbox": [87, 592, 234, 620], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.1 Context"}, {"bbox": [95, 638, 1136, 957], "category": "Text", "text": "Ethiopia is simultaneously a country of origin, transit and destination for many migrants and refugees and in recent years, it has also recorded an unprecedented number of internally displaced people, mainly due to conflict and climate induced shocks. While the country has long been considered a politically and economically stable country, in the past years it has been facing several serious security crises with interrelated conflict dynamics in different areas, including in Afar, Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz region, as well as the outbreak of conflict between Fano militia and the national army in August 2023 in the Amhara region. This, along with a two-year armed conflict in the North of the country concluded by the Pretoria Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (CoHA) in November 2022, has led to a crisis characterised by alarmingly high levels of food insecurity, gender-based violence, widespread displacement and limited access to basic services. Further to this, in Spring 2023, in-kind food aid humanitarian support was seriously affected by accusations of industrial scale corruption and diversion, which has since the end of March 2023 resulted in a pause of food aid distributions. In-kind food aid distributions for refugees resumed in October 2023."}, {"bbox": [95, 982, 1136, 1090], "category": "Text", "text": "In 2023, the country continues to register one of the highest numbers of IDPs globally, with 4.3 million IDPs (4.7 million in 2022) including 3.2 million returnees identified, according to the International Organisation for Migration (IOM).³ A significant proportion of displacements are conflict-induced (2.9 million), mainly related to ethnic and land/border disputes, while climate-induced displacement is mainly caused by drought and floods⁴."}, {"bbox": [95, 1114, 1136, 1223], "category": "Text", "text": "Somali region hosts the highest number of IDPs primarily displaced by drought nationwide (66.94% of national drought caseload), and Tigray region hosts the highest number of IDPs primarily displaced by conflict (34.73% of national conflict caseload). With regrd to returning IDPs, the highest caseload is in Amhara region (43.91%), followed by Tigray (38.79%) and Afar (6.02%)."}, {"bbox": [95, 1247, 1136, 1382], "category": "Text", "text": "Despite its own challenges, Ethiopia is also the third largest refugee hosting country in Africa, home to over 953,667 refugees and asylum seekers, mainly from South Sudan, Somalia and Eritrea⁵. The figures include also 37,555 refugees and asylum-seekers arrived from Sudan, including 1,878 Ethiopian refugee returnees⁶. According to the IOM DTM, 38,560 Ethiopians have returned from Sudan, as of October 2023 (IOM DTM). There is also a high number of Ethiopian returnees mainly from Saudi Arabia. Since May 2017 (when deportations were"}, {"bbox": [87, 1428, 719, 1449], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹ The policy document has been finalised in March 2023 and is awaiting final official adoption."}, {"bbox": [87, 1448, 1144, 1525], "category": "Footnote", "text": "² Ethiopia has made a bold commitment at the first Global Refugee Forum (GRF) in 2019 by making four pledges to improve the lives of refugees and host communities 1): Jobs and Livelihoods; 2) Education; 3) Protection/Capacity: 4) Strengthening asylum system and social protection (RSD, refugee registration, civil documentation, permits; national social protection system in refugee hosting areas-particularly for vulnerable individuals); and 4) Energy/Environment (Infrastructure)"}, {"bbox": [87, 1525, 618, 1545], "category": "Footnote", "text": "³ IOM; Ethiopia - National Displacement report 16 (November 2022-June 2023)"}, {"bbox": [87, 1544, 1131, 1603], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁴ Disasters, mostly floods and drought, triggered 240,000 internal displacements in 2021. The most significant events were the Belg season rains in April and May, which triggered over 170,000 displacements across Afar, Oromia, Somali and SNNP. Drought triggered 54,000 in Afar, Oromia and Somali, more than twice the figure reported in 2020."}, {"bbox": [87, 1603, 521, 1625], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁵ https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/eth consulted on the 13/11/23."}, {"bbox": [87, 1625, 498, 1645], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ UNHCR report - Sudan situation #31” – 10-16 October 2023"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1682, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 4 of 28"}]