[{"bbox": [96, 153, 1135, 260], "category": "Text", "text": "launched) and June 2023, 558,000 Ethiopian migrants were returned from KSA though large scale airlift operations. From January to June 2023, additional 39,200 illegal migrants were forcibly returned. Many Ethiopians are also returning from countries in which they end up being stranded (Yemen, Djibouti, and Somalia) with tracking that is often only an estimate, as movements happen in irregular ways (IOM)."}, {"bbox": [96, 285, 1135, 445], "category": "Text", "text": "Regardless of the high number of displacement-affected people, limited efforts have been made to build resilience of affected communities and to create a peaceful environment, resulting in secondary and tertiary displacement and increasing numbers of outward migration, which contributes to enhance vulnerabilities. To be taken into consideration that displacement affects disproportionally women and girls. Women more often than men struggle to find new livelihood opportunities in host areas, are burdened with child and elderly care, are more prone to sexual and gender based violence and finds it more difficult to access to health care services."}, {"bbox": [96, 471, 1135, 605], "category": "Text", "text": "Deterioration of country's economy results in increased unemployment and underemployment for millions of people, particularly young. Consistent number of Ethiopians migrates in search for livelihoods opportunities, internally (towards the regional capitals or Addis Ababa) and outside the country⁷. IOM estimates that around 250,000 Ethiopians migrate annually, with trends' projections for the Eastern route toward Gulf States alone exceeding 300,000⁸, regardless of the above mentioned deportations from KSA."}, {"bbox": [96, 630, 1135, 711], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action builds on the national policy framework around protection and durable solutions for refugees and IDPs, despite the multifaceted internal challenges the country faces and the difficulties in walking the talk, resulting in a lack of meaningful progress (see previous paragraphs):"}, {"bbox": [140, 738, 1135, 819], "category": "List-item", "text": "* In 2018, Ethiopia adopted the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) making ambitious pledges to enhance protection and development oriented solutions for refugees and host communities. This was followed by adoption of the Refugees proclamation 1110/2019 and its subsidiary legislations."}, {"bbox": [140, 819, 1135, 979], "category": "List-item", "text": "* In 2020, Ethiopia ratified the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa ('Kampala Convention'). The Proclamation on the Protection and Assistance of IDPs in Ethiopia is still not formalised/endorsed. However, the legal protection of IDPs is dispersed over different laws and policies, like the criminal code and national disaster policy. The National Policy and Strategy on Disaster Risk Management 2013 serves as the primary humanitarian legislative document for minimising the risk and/or impact of disasters (FDRE, 2013)"}, {"bbox": [96, 1004, 1135, 1217], "category": "Text", "text": "In addition, in terms of regulating labour migration in Ethiopia, the main policies are Proclamation 1178/2020 \"Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Persons Proclamation\" and Proclamation 923/2016 \"Ethiopia's Overseas Employment Proclamation\" (amended in 2021). Also, especially in recent years, Ethiopia has been negotiating Bilateral Labour Agreements (BLAs) with some major destination countries. The political interest in these agreements, and their appropriate drafting and implementation, has increased dramatically after the end of the conflict in Northern Ethiopia, given the positive implications they would have on the general economic outlook of the country. The Ethiopian National Migration Policy was finalised in March 2023 and is awaiting official adoption."}, {"bbox": [96, 1242, 1135, 1324], "category": "Text", "text": "This Action will therefore further enhance the EU's substantial role as a partner to the Government in support to the advancement of Ethiopia's policies in the area of anti-trafficking, legal migration, refugees' integration and IDPs' inclusion and protection. The Action will also contribute to reduction of irregular migration."}, {"bbox": [96, 1335, 1135, 1468], "category": "Text", "text": "Where relevant, the Action will link up with the EU's past and ongoing humanitarian aid-funded actions supporting IDPs and refugees in Ethiopia, aimed at providing life-saving emergency multi-secotral assistance to these vulnerable populations in different locations. Such linkage and coordination will be done with a view to developing the resilience for the targeted populations and the availability of durable solutions for them, avoiding duplication in interventions and maximising outcomes."}, {"bbox": [85, 1586, 1135, 1628], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁷ Adamnesh Atnafu, Linda Oucho and Benjamin Zeitlyn, University of Sussex – Poverty, Youth and Rural-Urban Migration in Ethiopia, Working Paper n.17. Available at: https://sussex.fishshare.com/articles/report/Poverty_youth_and_rural-urbanMigration_in_Ethiopia/23407715"}, {"bbox": [85, 1626, 455, 1646], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁸ IOM – Migration Management Overview - June 2023"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 28"}]