[{"bbox": [86, 153, 340, 183], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2 Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [97, 200, 1134, 280], "category": "Text", "text": "Despite the conducive policy documents and Government's pledges around protection and durable solutions for refugees, IDPs and host communities, in reality refugees are nearly completely dependent on humanitarian aid, have limited access to livelihood opportunities and suffer from an inconsistent access to basic and social services."}, {"bbox": [97, 291, 1134, 346], "category": "Text", "text": "Ethiopia has been selected by the UN Secretary-General's Special Adviser on Solutions to Internal Displacement as a priority country for durable solutions on internal displacement."}, {"bbox": [97, 356, 1134, 647], "category": "Text", "text": "Ethiopia faces one of the most complex human mobility environments in the world, with a range of social, economic, political, and climatic factors driving displacements of populations. These factors are exacerbated by low economic growth and failure of the economy to create sufficient jobs to cater for the growing population. The IDP situation remains very fluid, with returning IDPs and new displacements occurring concurrently. Assistance to IDPs remains weak, with camps underserviced and overcrowded. Assistance to IDPs outside camps is even more limited. After the cessation of hostilities agreement, Amhara, Tigray and Afar regions saw a high number of returns (2.7 million). Returns are often of a mixed nature, ranging from voluntary to forced returns, and not necessarily to conducive areas. IDP protection responses remain rather weak, with sites being underserviced and/or overcrowded. IDPs may also be in areas that cannot be reached by assistance due to insecurity or where assistance is not present. Others have currently no possibility of return to their areas of origin. Additionally, a major protection issue at the moment is the forced eviction of IDPs who had found shelter in schools."}, {"bbox": [97, 661, 1134, 713], "category": "Text", "text": "IDPs and host communities have very limited income generating opportunities, they suffers for lack of jobs and are not linked to labour market demands."}, {"bbox": [97, 726, 1134, 887], "category": "Text", "text": "With regard to **durable solutions for refugees**, the Action will build upon the concrete opportunity for tangible community integration of refugees living in camps. The World Bank Skills Survey found that the likely sources of employment for refugees do not match their skills and aspirations (WB Skills Survey 2018⁹). In the camps, refugees rely on self employment, engaged in low skill jobs than host, and employment with NGOs, international organizations and RRS. Wages for refugees do not increase with experience and education like they do for hosts (WB Socio-Economic Survey of Refugees in Ethiopia – preliminary results, Oct. 23)."}, {"bbox": [97, 898, 1134, 1324], "category": "Text", "text": "One possible targeted region could be the Somali region, in particular Kebribeyah camp. As example, Kebribeyah city has been hosting refugees for more than thirty years and is currently home to over 18,000 refugees, making up 34% of the host population of over 52,000 people. Many refugees have lived in Kebribeyah since 1993, and the cultural and language similarities contribute to their peaceful co-existence with the host community. Humanitarian support has laid a foundation of tangible but fragile development dividends benefitting both host and refugee communities. The transition towards more resilient refugees and host communities, with better access to basic services, socio-economic development opportunities is still not completed. The Action will support UNHCR and Government in establishing a comprehensive plan for the integration of selected camp(s) into urban peri urban settlement, taking into account all relevant element of the GRF pledges, namely the ones of 2019 (particular focus to Jobs ad Livelihood and Protection/Capacity) and the new priority areas for pledge formulation namely “transform selected refugee camps into urban settlements in a manner that benefits both refugees and host communities”. The plan will also involve and secure support from regional, woreda and city council governments. It will support improved service delivery for refugees and residents. The Action will contribute to increase opportunities for refugees' contribution to local economy, being sensitive about refugees' concerns about community integration (possible threats to potential resettlement abroad) and the residual Government's caution about granting mobility and work opportunities to refugees."}, {"bbox": [97, 1335, 1134, 1521], "category": "Text", "text": "On **internal displacements**, the Action will work in a number of regions in support of building resilience and self reliance of IDPs and their host communities (including possible returnees) through a market system development approach which will strengthen job creation in promising existing economic sectors and value chains. Some IDPs could bring new skills to the host communities and could increase market activity and economic interactions. They could be integrated through measures that support their self-employment and the establishment of businesses. In designing and implementing resilience building packages, the action will take gender into account to ensure women's active participation. In Ethiopia's recent conflicts and mass displacement in Metekel, Wollega, and"}, {"bbox": [86, 1601, 1120, 1647], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁹ World Bank (2018) *Informing durable solutions by micro-data: a skills survey for refugees in Ethiopia* (http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/996221531249711200/pdf/128185-WP-PUBLICP162987-SkillsReport.pdf"}, {"bbox": [1038, 1681, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 28"}]