[{"bbox": [87, 153, 399, 183], "category": "Section-header", "text": "3.5 The Intervention Logic"}, {"bbox": [96, 199, 1160, 303], "category": "Text", "text": "The EU sources most of its mineral raw materials from non-EU countries, primarily China. Between 2012 and 2016, 44% of the thirty raw materials that the EU classifies as “critical” were imported from China. According to the EU’s latest data, around 98% of the EU’s demand for rare earths is met by China¹⁴, either domestically or from resources located in the so-called Global South."}, {"bbox": [96, 317, 1160, 371], "category": "Text", "text": "In the current geopolitical context, in-depth analysis and evidence is critical for policy makers to develop EU policies and tools to de-risk the trade and investment relationship with China."}, {"bbox": [96, 384, 1160, 514], "category": "Text", "text": "This Action will support systematic monitoring of Chinese global investments and operations through an observatory (i.e. a pool of experts) focusing on critical raw materials (as defined in the proposed Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA)), refining and downstream processing. IF comprehensive evidence-based information and analysis will be available, THEN the observatory will contribute to the development of EU policies to mitigate strategic dependencies of the Union and its Member States."}, {"bbox": [96, 528, 1160, 636], "category": "Text", "text": "The main observatory outputs will include an up-to-date database of investment figures (spreadsheet, which will allow to filter for data on specific minerals, destination countries, etc); repository of existing papers, articles, studies by third parties on critical raw materials as defined in the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA); new analytical reports produced by the observatory experts drawing on the database information."}, {"bbox": [85, 1596, 1144, 1645], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁴ https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/raw-materials/areas-specific-interest/rare-earth-elements-permanent-magnets-and-motors_en"}, {"bbox": [1028, 1682, 1144, 1706], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 10 of 17"}]