[{"bbox": [109, 154, 346, 186], "category": "Section-header", "text": "2 RATIONALE"}, {"bbox": [109, 220, 257, 247], "category": "Section-header", "text": "2.1 Context"}, {"bbox": [118, 266, 1110, 346], "category": "Text", "text": "Colombia is a social state governed by the rule of law with solid institutions at the national level. Colombia is a member of the UN, the OAS, the Pacific Alliance, and, as of 2020, the OECD. It is also the only country in Latin America that is a global partner of NATO."}, {"bbox": [118, 357, 1111, 677], "category": "Text", "text": "The country ranks 88th in the Human Development Index (HDI 2021-2022) out of 191 evaluated countries. In the last decade, Colombia has progressed in human development, moving from an HDI of 0.733 in 2011 to 0.752 in 2021. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its socioeconomic impacts, growth lost momentum in 2020 and 2021, as was the case with 90% of the world's countries.⁶ Despite this growth and its accession to the OECD, which involved adjustments in some economic and social policies, Colombia remains one of the most unequal countries in the world in terms of income, with a Gini index of 0.52 and a monetary poverty rate of 39.3%. This income inequality highlights gaps in access to opportunities in education, health, social security, and access to decent employment⁷, with a 12.5% unemployment rate as of January 2024⁸. Additionally, there is also evidence of major inequalities in aspects beyond income, such as inequality in the distribution of assets and goods, access to basic utilities in the home, land ownership, and financial inequality⁹. These indicators are more pronounced among historically excluded and vulnerable populations, particularly in rural areas of the country."}, {"bbox": [118, 688, 1111, 875], "category": "Text", "text": "For over six decades, the country has faced an internal armed conflict involving numerous actors and phenomena, including paramilitary groups, various left-wing guerrillas, drug trafficking, and a variety of organised armed groups and criminal gangs with presence in much of the national territory. This prolonged conflict has left a tragic toll of 9,659,204 registered victims, 8,219,403 displaced persons, 194,814 victims of direct and indirect forced disappearance¹⁰, and although the figure has decreased in recent years, Colombia records a homicide rate of 20 per 100,000 inhabitants (2023), placing it fourth highest in Latin America and still above the world average."}, {"bbox": [118, 886, 1111, 1126], "category": "Text", "text": "About 80% of the victims of internal displacement are women and children. In response, the Victims and Land Restitution Law (Law 1448 of 2011) implemented measures to ensure gender equality when women are displaced from their land. Additionally, in 2013 the National Council on Economic and Social Policy issued detailed policy guidelines (CONPES 3784) regarding the rights of women victims of the armed conflict¹¹. In Colombia, the security of women and girls deteriorated because of the armed conflict and the use of social control and sexual violence by illegal armed groups, according to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Indigenous and Afro-Colombia women were disproportionately victims of sexual violence and internal displacement during the armed conflict. They were also disproportionately killed: out of 3,445 cases of murder of indigenous and Afro-Colombian individuals, 65.5% of the victims were women¹²."}, {"bbox": [118, 1137, 1111, 1219], "category": "Text", "text": "In Colombia, slightly over 200,000 victims of the armed conflict – only 2.5% of the total – have reported some type of disability (Registry of Victims Citation 2017), which is an astonishingly small figure considering the actual number of people with disabilities who are supposed to have been affected by the conflict."}, {"bbox": [118, 1229, 1111, 1283], "category": "Text", "text": "Colombia ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2011. The 1997 National Framework Law on Disability was harmonised with the Convention in 2013 and complemented with other"}, {"bbox": [109, 1324, 1120, 1373], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ Evolution of the last 10 years of Human Development, Human Development Report for Colombia, Notebook 1, UNDP, November 2022, p. 24."}, {"bbox": [109, 1373, 1120, 1422], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁷ Perceptions and subjective well-being in Colombia, Human Development Report for Colombia, Notebook 2, UNDP, February 2023, p. 102"}, {"bbox": [109, 1421, 864, 1446], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁸ National Administrative Department of Statistics, DANE, at: https://www.dane.gov.co/"}, {"bbox": [109, 1445, 1120, 1493], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁹ Equality and Productivity: Pillars of Human Development in Colombia, Human Development Report for Colombia, Notebook 5, UNDP, December 2023, p. 14."}, {"bbox": [109, 1493, 1093, 1518], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁰ Unit for Victims, Government of Colombia, https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/registro-unico-de-victimas-ruv/"}, {"bbox": [109, 1517, 1120, 1566], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹¹ Overview of gender equality in Colombia | Gender Equality in Colombia: Access to Justice and Politics at the Local Level | OECD iLibrary (oecd-ilibrary.org)"}, {"bbox": [109, 1565, 1120, 1615], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹² *Las mujeres en Colombia | UN Women – Colombia*, https://colombia.unwomen.org/es/onu-mujeres-en-colombia/las-mujeres-en-colombia"}, {"bbox": [1003, 1655, 1120, 1682], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 5 of 24"}]