[{"bbox": [83, 106, 1136, 241], "category": "Text", "text": "The reliability of electricity in Nepal is no longer largely linked to insufficient generation capacities but rather to the existing poor and weak transmission and distribution systems in the country. The latter is characterised by excessive reliance on 33 and 11 kV voltage levels for distribution, long and overloaded feeders, and generally outdated infrastructure. This leads to frequent imbalances of load, overloads, and power cuts and causes massive damage to electrical infrastructure and appliances (e.g., approximately 2,000 distribution transformers burn out per year)."}, {"bbox": [83, 250, 1136, 491], "category": "Text", "text": "Nepal's social and economic development suffers from an energy deficit and inefficient use of energy. Transmission and distribution losses are high, and power quality is low. System losses are high, at > 15.4% in 2022 and 13.5% in 2023 (Source: NEA Year 2022/2023 Report). Power fluctuations, low voltage, and unscheduled interruptions force industry, trade, and households to switch frequently to their own sources of power supply using diesel generators, leading to higher imports of fossil fuels from India to Nepal. Rising imports of electricity and fuel increase the country's already considerable trade deficit and dependence on its neighbour, India. Climate variability and change leads to high energy imports during the dry season, among other impacts¹². Macroeconomic projections show that the potential savings for electrical and thermal energy for the eight most energy-intensive sectors in Nepal are around 155,000 MWh and 8,000,000 GJ respectively¹³."}, {"bbox": [83, 502, 1136, 607], "category": "Text", "text": "Further, the Government has instigated a series of policy and regulatory reforms to improve energy supply in the country, including doubling the average improvement rate of energy efficiency from 0.84% per year (2000-2015) to 1.68% per year in 2030, enhancing energy security by increasing energy access through efficient use of energy sources."}, {"bbox": [83, 622, 1136, 675], "category": "Text", "text": "Identification of main stakeholders and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) to be covered by the action:"}, {"bbox": [83, 687, 1136, 822], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action's stakeholders are the Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation, the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), provincial (Lumbini, Gandaki and Bagmati) and local Governments, banks, publicly owned enterprises, private sector companies, chamber associations, public utilities and in extension both the consumers of the industrial products and services as well as the employees of the entities, the National Women Commission (NWC) on gender equality and women's empowerment (GE and WE)."}, {"bbox": [83, 831, 1136, 912], "category": "Text", "text": "As Right holders: Women groups, such as the Federation of Women Entrepreneurs Associations of Nepal (FWEAN) Gender/GESI focal points, NGOs related to gender equality and social inclusion, organisations of persons with disabilities (OPDs)."}, {"bbox": [72, 953, 604, 987], "category": "Section-header", "text": "# 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTION"}, {"bbox": [72, 1015, 616, 1047], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 3.1 Objectives, Outcomes and Expected Outputs"}, {"bbox": [83, 1077, 1147, 1158], "category": "Text", "text": "The overall objective of this action is to increase green, reliable, and inclusive energy supply in Nepal. The Action aims to support climate change mitigation efforts by avoiding GHG emissions by increasing the number of households connected to an inclusive, green, improved, and reliable grid supply."}, {"bbox": [83, 1182, 600, 1210], "category": "Text", "text": "The Specific Objectives (Outcomes) of this action are to"}, {"bbox": [122, 1221, 691, 1249], "category": "List-item", "text": "1. Ensure that the energy sector is greener and more inclusive."}, {"bbox": [122, 1264, 939, 1292], "category": "List-item", "text": "2. Ensure that stable, and reliable supply increases access to energy services and facilities"}, {"bbox": [72, 1576, 600, 1603], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹² Nepal - Country Climate and Development Report, IFC 2022"}, {"bbox": [72, 1602, 986, 1628], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹³ https://www.energyefficiency.gov.np/downloadthis/baseline_study_of Wendt selected sector industries.pdf, 2012"}, {"bbox": [902, 1628, 1010, 1650], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 7 of 22"}]