[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1133, 207], "category": "Text", "text": "visibility through an integrated territorial approach (geo-targeting) and enhancing the focus on inclusive green growth and serve as multiplier."}, {"bbox": [85, 260, 340, 291], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2 Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [96, 306, 754, 333], "category": "Section-header", "text": "### Short problem analysis: Climate change adaptation and biodiversity"}, {"bbox": [96, 345, 1133, 531], "category": "Text", "text": "Nepal's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDCs) identifies Agriculture and Food Security, along with Forests, Biodiversity, and Watershed Conservation for climate adaptation measures. As the backbone of Nepal's economy, agriculture faces significant challenges to climate change impacts, including shifting rainfall patterns, extreme temperatures, and weather events such as heavy rainfall and droughts, combined with diminishing water availability impacting on the capacity to pump river water to mid-hill and high hill areas. The rich biodiversity loss is also a concern, with about 40% of native agricultural genetic resources lost due to climate change and modern mono-cropping farming practices."}, {"bbox": [96, 542, 1133, 650], "category": "Text", "text": "These extreme weather conditions and the high workload have led to fallow land, threatening soil health and biodiversity. Addressing these challenges requires improving soil health, biodiversity-rich production systems, and water storage management through appropriate technologies, such as the use of drip irrigation, construction of low-cost water storage facilities, and pumping irrigation water using solar energy."}, {"bbox": [96, 661, 1133, 821], "category": "Text", "text": "Supporting local and provincial governments' capacities to plan for climate-resilient natural resource management and environmental conservation is key to building resilience. Team Europe (EU and Finland) has recently started the Local Adaptation to Climate Change (LACC - AAP 2022) initiative to address these challenges. LACC is supporting the capacity of local governments and communities to manage their natural resources in regard to adaptation to climate change in Karnali and Sudurspaschim. Additional Team Europe support in climate change adaptation linked to sustainable market development in these two provinces will maximize the benefits."}, {"bbox": [96, 834, 1133, 888], "category": "Text", "text": "Identification of main stakeholder, duty-bearers and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) and the right holders, to be covered by the action:"}, {"bbox": [96, 899, 1133, 1007], "category": "Text", "text": "Ministry of Land Management, Cooperatives and Poverty Alleviation (MoLCPA) as main political partner, and other relevant ministries like the Ministry of Forest and Environment (MoFE), the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, and corresponding ministries and administrations/advisory services on regional and community level."}, {"bbox": [96, 1018, 1133, 1099], "category": "Text", "text": "Rights holders: are the actors of the local agricultural ecosystem, i.e., farmers and farmer groups, cooperatives as well as input and services providers (e. g. for the provision of small-scale, economic solar pumps and drip irrigation material, organic fertilizer, small-scale machinery to ease work etc.)."}, {"bbox": [96, 1112, 825, 1139], "category": "Section-header", "text": "### Short problem analysis: Local Governance and weak enabling environment"}, {"bbox": [96, 1151, 1133, 1416], "category": "Text", "text": "Local authorities' contribution to climate resilient local economic development and to participatory and accountable decision-making processes although starting to progress still needs support. The enabling environment is still weak in terms of required infrastructure, incentive mechanisms from local and national governments (as well as proper implementation of existing incentive mechanisms), capacity for territorial planning and for developing and implementing local adaptation plans, understanding of market needs and sustainable economic development strategies on the part of local governments and building of mutual trust between private sector and public sector. Despite progress made by the first phase of GRAPE in selected municipalities, there is a clear need for strengthening policy dialogue and for additional capacity development support, which should be extended from the municipal level to the broader district and provincial levels to raise understanding of their responsibilities and to demonstrate potentials for local private sector-led economic development in key agricultural value chains."}, {"bbox": [96, 1429, 1133, 1483], "category": "Text", "text": "Identification of main stakeholder, duty-bearers and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) and the right holders, to be covered by the action:"}, {"bbox": [96, 1494, 1133, 1602], "category": "Text", "text": "Ministry of Land Management, Cooperatives and Poverty Alleviation (MoLCPA) as main political partner, and other relevant ministries like the Ministry of Forest and Environment (MoFE), the Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration (MoFAGA), the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, and the Ministry of Industry, Commerce, and Supplies, National Association of Rural Municipalities in Nepal (NARMIN) and to some"}, {"bbox": [1027, 1655, 1143, 1681], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 23"}]