[{"bbox": [97, 153, 1132, 208], "category": "Text", "text": "As per Inequality Marker, inequality reduction is a significant objective of this action which is labelled I-1.\nAccording to the multidimensional poverty report from the Ghana statistical Service (2020)²⁰"}, {"bbox": [134, 210, 1132, 263], "category": "List-item", "text": "* more people in Ghana are living in multidimensional poverty (45.6%) than monetary poverty (23.4%), but 19.3% of the population were experiencing both monetary and multidimensional poverty"}, {"bbox": [134, 265, 1087, 291], "category": "List-item", "text": "* The indicator in which the most people are poor and deprived is sanitation (44.1% of the population)"}, {"bbox": [134, 293, 1132, 342], "category": "List-item", "text": "* The four Regions in the North of Ghana had the highest proportion of multidimensionally poor people at 80%."}, {"bbox": [97, 345, 1132, 479], "category": "Text", "text": "This action is targeting the cities/urban areas in the north of Ghana where public investments and access to urban services are lower in comparison to the south of the country. The action is also targeting the sanitation sector, as most of the poor people are deprived of sanitation. Finally, by working with the private sector and developing income generating activities, the project will help to support some of vulnerable population lifting them out of poverty."}, {"bbox": [97, 504, 209, 530], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Democracy"}, {"bbox": [97, 532, 1132, 664], "category": "Text", "text": "This action will indirectly contribute to the development of a more democratic and legitimate system by improving local governance, as well as the participation of civil society and other partners in the decision-making processes related to local public policies. Involvement and contribution of the civil society to this action will be essential, in particular in their role of \"watchdog\" to strengthen accountability mechanisms in the development of more sustainable urban areas and improved urban governance."}, {"bbox": [97, 690, 485, 716], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Conflict sensitivity, peace and resilience"}, {"bbox": [97, 717, 1132, 876], "category": "Text", "text": "In order to minimise risk of conflicts, the action will develop a highly participatory approach at all levels. The activities at local level will be implemented through an inclusive approach, with a strong focus on dialogue facilitation, peace promotion, and mitigation and management of conflicts. The action will also benefit from the knowledge on that matter of already existing projects implemented in the north of Ghana by the EU and other donors, like EU-Ghana Partnership for sustainable cities phase 1 or other stabilization projects (SKBoWa, Secure Ghana, Gulf of Guinea Northern regions social cohesion project (SOCO) from the World Bank, etc."}, {"bbox": [97, 902, 335, 926], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Disaster Risk Reduction"}, {"bbox": [97, 929, 1132, 979], "category": "Text", "text": "Main disasters in Ghana are generally related to flood and human/animals/plants health (mainly communicable disease outbreaks and infestation)."}, {"bbox": [97, 982, 1132, 1113], "category": "Text", "text": "In Ghana, floods occur every year. They adversely affect livelihoods, property, infrastructure, lives and render many people homeless. As urban areas are growing, urban flooding has become a major problem. In the context of Ghana, apart from destruction of properties and economic losses due to flooding, people living in flood areas are at a high risk of contracting diseases such as cholera, malaria and hepatitis E. Anticipation, responsiveness and adaptation to flood and heat wave risks in Tamale is an essential component of this action."}, {"bbox": [97, 1114, 1132, 1273], "category": "Text", "text": "Dysfunctional liquid/faecal waste management circuit have strong impact on environment and health especially in urban areas, which are more densely populated. Nutrient-rich liquid waste can cause eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and oxygen depletion in water bodies. Furthermore, improper treatment can contaminate groundwater, posing long-term health risks and jeopardising drinking water sources. This situation can be exacerbated by floods. By reducing open defecation, professionalising the liquid waste value chain, making it more circular and reducing flood risks, disaster risks linked to sanitation will considerably decrease in the 6 targeted urban areas."}, {"bbox": [97, 1300, 409, 1323], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Other considerations if relevant"}, {"bbox": [97, 1326, 1132, 1379], "category": "Text", "text": "Digitalisation should contribute to the results of this action in two ways: digital activities linked with FinTech on the innovative financing approach and the flood/heat early warning and management system."}, {"bbox": [85, 1394, 423, 1420], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 3.4 Risks and Lessons Learnt"}, {"bbox": [85, 1436, 1171, 1519], "category": "Table", "text": "<table><thead><tr><td>Category</td><td>Risks</td><td>Likelihood</td><td>Impact</td><td>Mitigating measures</td></tr></thead><tbody></tbody></table>"}, {"bbox": [85, 1599, 1033, 1627], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁰ https://statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/pressrelease/Multidimensional%20Poverty%20Ghana_Report.pdf"}, {"bbox": [1027, 1681, 1142, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 14 of 30"}]