[{"bbox": [97, 163, 1136, 704], "category": "Text", "text": "irregular migration. The conflict's devastating impact on Sudan's agricultural sector has exacerbated food insecurity, affecting approximately 17.7 million people and leading to widespread unemployment and poverty, especially among young people, compounded by soaring inflation and currency depreciation. As millions of people are experiencing severe food insecurity, Sudan is on the verge of a large-scale famine in the lean season of 2024. Prevention of food insecurity and food insecurity itself are addressed through the current contracting of food security and rural resilience programmes within the Individual Measure 2. The latter includes resilience building activities and agricultural production support through *inter alia* the distribution of seeds, animal health and livestock management, support to nutritious food value chains, and small rural infrastructure. Besides, these programmes take into account the immediate needs of the target groups through emergency support activities. Those include multi-purpose cash transfers for food security of most needy farmers and avoid further war induced erosion of assets, cash or in-kind distribution to vulnerable households according to the emergency criteria established by OCHA, initial micro grants and cash for work schemes support to alleviate the risks of imminent famine as well as nutrition support to health facilities, phase-out over one year (which could, if needed in a famine situation, be extended). Socially, the conflict has shattered community structures and support systems, amplifying vulnerabilities and escalating the risk of exploitation and violence, particularly against women, children and persons with disabilities. Additionally, severe environmental damage resulting from the conflict has ravaged infrastructure and natural resources, further undermining the resilience of affected communities. The legacy of landmines and unexploded ordnance poses severe risks to civilian populations, especially children, young people, and vulnerable communities."}, {"bbox": [97, 723, 1136, 978], "category": "Text", "text": "Education for Sudan's children has been severely disrupted. The conflict has resulted in the closure of 10,400 schools in most states, with 1,540 currently serving as gathering sites for internally displaced persons (IDPs). It is estimated that 19 million children are currently out of school. This educational crisis exacerbates protection risks, including child labour, early marriage, and involvement in armed conflict and a surge in irregular migration and trafficking of human beings. Already before the war, alarming findings from the National Learning Assessment (NLA) in 2015 revealed significant proportions of grade 3 learners struggling with basic literacy and numeracy skills. It is urgent to avoid the emergence of a “lost generation” in Sudan. It is reported that children are enrolled by both sides and other armed groups at the age of 12 years old. They hide during the day especially in the morning to avoid forced enrolment."}, {"bbox": [97, 997, 1136, 1427], "category": "Text", "text": "Women and girls in Sudan have borne a disproportionate burden of the conflict's impact, facing severe hardship such as hostilities, displacement, hunger, disrupted livelihoods, and heightened risks of gender-based violence (GBV). 53 per cent of those internally displaced are women and girls, and there is a growing risk that the violence will soon create the world's larger hunger crisis¹⁹. The conflict has worsened these challenges, leading to increased protection threats, reduced access to essential services, and heightened vulnerability to exploitation. Despite the resilience demonstrated by Sudanese women, evidenced through initiatives like Women's Emergency Response Rooms (ERRs), reports from human rights and women-led organisations highlight the urgent need for gender-responsive interventions that support women and girls' resilience and well-being. Additionally, the conflict has disproportionately affected female-headed households, widows, and adolescent girls. Furthermore, the UN has reported that the use of sexual violence as a 'weapon of war' and trafficking, and sexual exploitation has been common since the beginning of the conflict. as of December 2023, 118 reports of conflict-related sexual violence including rape, had been received by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, with real numbers likely to reach the thousands. Older women, adolescent girls and women and girls with disabilities face additional GBV concerns, while women rights defenders and those delivering aid services including healthcare have also been specifically targeted²⁰."}, {"bbox": [97, 1444, 1136, 1558], "category": "Text", "text": "The only official statistics on disability date from the census in 2008, when 4.8% (equal to 1,854,985 individuals) of Sudan's population were reported as being affected by a disability. This percentage has certainly risen and will rise further as a consequence of the war. The major challenges in Sudan are negative social attitudes, structural discrimination and the lack of adequate services and protection of rights of PwD. Disabled young people face"}, {"bbox": [86, 1597, 773, 1621], "category": "Footnote", "text": "¹⁹ *A year of suffering for Sudanese women and girls*, UN WOMEN, 14 April 2024"}, {"bbox": [86, 1621, 1132, 1646], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁰ Because They Are Women: How the Sudan conflict has created a war on women and girls, CARE International, April 2024"}, {"bbox": [1034, 1680, 1144, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 8 of 45"}]