[{"bbox": [134, 179, 1164, 499], "category": "List-item", "text": "- **Protecting the environment and supporting the fight against climate change is a vital and shared objective** between the European Union and Thailand. With the BCG strategy (bio-economy, circular economy, green economy) launched in 2020, Thailand seeks to balance its economic recovery with environmental and social dimensions, notably by tackling challenges on environment, human and labour rights. Thailand is vulnerable to climate change: frequent flash floods threaten the livelihood of millions of people living in the northeast of Thailand, and because of rising sea levels and its location in the middle of the delta Bangkok is sinking slowly. Thailand's contribution to global emissions is growing, but the Country is attempting to fulfil its carbon neutrality and net-zero emission targets by mainstreaming the climate change agenda in its national plans and seeking to create a regulatory framework for carbon pricing instruments under a potential Climate Change Bill, currently under development. Thailand has a large, untapped renewable energy (REN) potential: private investment is key to address this. Thailand has a significant natural heritage and is a regional leader in its protection, investing considerably in its national parks."}, {"bbox": [134, 523, 1164, 976], "category": "List-item", "text": "- **Strengthening the human rights dialogue will seek to promote an effective Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA) in policy-making and implementation.** Thailand has been a crossroad for migration within South-East Asia for centuries and unsafe, irregular and unordered migration constitutes a major challenge. The situation of people displaced by the ongoing conflict in Myanmar is also of particular concern. In less than a generation, Thailand has transitioned from being a net-sending to a net-receiving nation for labour migration, mainly from Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar. Women migrant workers are generally employed in lower-skilled, lower-wage functions than men. Furthermore, a wide variety of other groups within the country do not hold citizenship status, including stateless persons, asylum seekers and refugees. 82,400 refugees reside in nine refugee camps along the Thailand-Myanmar border, while there are over 5200 refugees and asylum-seekers residing in urban areas (January 2024). Thailand also hosts over half a million stateless people. Thailand is the first country in Asia to adopt a standalone National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights (NAP) in 2019. Under the Second NAP (2023-2027), businesses are encouraged to voluntarily implement human rights due diligence in their conduct and operational supply chains. Thailand has made progress in promoting rights of LGBTI persons with legislation on marriage equality expected to be adopted soon. However, LGBTI persons continue to experience discrimination, limited job and housing opportunities, barriers to accessing many common services, and other challenges. Engagement on civil and political rights could help strengthen democratic processes."}, {"bbox": [134, 1000, 1164, 1480], "category": "List-item", "text": "- **Reduction of inequalities and SDG dialogue:** in 2021, with an income Gini coefficient of 43.3 percent, Thailand still had the highest level of income-based inequality in East-Asia and the Pacific, and it ranked as the 13th most unequal of the 63 countries for which income Gini coefficients are available. Inequality is particularly high when considering the concentration of income and wealth, as over half of the country's wealth is held by the richest 10 percent of the population. Several structural factors contribute to the persistence of inequality, most notably inequality of opportunity in education. Learning outcomes are significantly higher for students from wealthier families than those from poorer ones. This reduces employment opportunities later in life for students from poorer families, constraining their prospects for upward mobility. COVID-19 exacerbated the existing gap in learning outcomes and household debt challenges. Spatial disparities across and within regions also contribute to the persistence of income inequality. In 2020, the average per capita GDP in Bangkok was more than 6.5 times that of the Northeast region, which had the lowest GDP per capita in the country. Despite progress made towards gender equality, persistent gaps continue to impede development and socio-economic growth. The labour force participation rate for women is only 59% compared to 75% for men. Challenges are more acute for certain groups and in rural areas, including for women from ethnic minorities, older women, migrant women and women in the southern border provinces. There are more than 2 million people with disabilities in Thailand (people who have received a disability identification card), which is over 3 percent of the population. Of these, only 12 percent have completed secondary education and 36.5 percent are employed."}, {"bbox": [134, 1504, 1164, 1558], "category": "List-item", "text": "- **Security sector dialogues** could include cyber-security, maritime security, trafficking of people, fighting disinformation, combating radicalisation."}, {"bbox": [97, 1559, 1137, 1613], "category": "Text", "text": "Identification of main duty bearers and rights holders, and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) to be covered by the action:"}, {"bbox": [1035, 1680, 1143, 1705], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 17"}]