[{"bbox": [96, 153, 1135, 410], "category": "Text", "text": "majority of institutions offering TEVET courses are located in non-mining provinces²⁵. Gender discrimination against women continued even in institutions of learning that offer training in mining jobs such as colleges and universities. Under-representation of women in tertiary institutions that offer training in mining professions leads to women employees in mining corporations in technical jobs and this is currently the situation in Zambian mining companies. In addition, mining technology is evolving at a fast rate but the curriculum offered by TEVET-accredited institutions does not tally with technology. Moreover, most TEVET institutions do not have necessary equipment for acquiring practical skills during trainings. If the phenomenon continues, the gap between available and desired skills may continue to widen in Zambia."}, {"bbox": [96, 442, 746, 471], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## Lack of Climate Resilience and the impact of the mining sector"}, {"bbox": [96, 472, 1135, 935], "category": "Text", "text": "The mining sector contributes to deforestation, soil erosion, and pollution of water bodies. These environmental impacts exacerbate the effects of climate change, making it harder for ecosystems and communities to adapt. For instance, deforestation reduces the natural carbon sink capacity, while soil erosion affects agricultural productivity, which is vital for food security in rural areas. Reducing the mining sector's demand for water resources is important too, as it competes with the needs of agriculture and local communities. During periods of drought, which are becoming more frequent due to climate change, this competition intensifies, leading to conflicts and reduced resilience of communities dependent on water resources for their livelihoods. The Zambian government has developed several policies aimed at improving climate resilience to address these problematics, such as the National Policy on Climate Change and the National Adaptation Plan, but there are still gaps in the implementation and enforcement of regulations specific to the mining sector. Effective governance and regulatory frameworks are crucial for ensuring that mining activities do not undermine climate adaptation efforts. Overall, the country's heavy reliance on mining for economic growth limits its ability to diversify its economy and build resilience against climate change impacts. Efforts to promote economic diversification, including the development of mining-related value chains, sustainable agricultural practices and renewable energy sources, are essential too for enhancing overall climate resilience."}, {"bbox": [96, 963, 1135, 1022], "category": "Text", "text": "Identification of **main stakeholders** and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) to be covered by the action:"}, {"bbox": [96, 1051, 1135, 1369], "category": "Text", "text": "As duty bearer, the **MMMD** is, at central level, the institution responsible for the development and management of the mineral resources. Within the ministry, there are key departments to support and partner with within this action: 1) *The Geological Survey Department*, custodian of the geological and related data and information; 2) the *Mines Cadastre Department* (MCD), managing the application process for mineral rights, issuing mining licenses and maintaining the registry of current mineral rights; 3) *Mines Safety Department* (MSD), responsible for the oversight of the sector's health, safety and environmental performance – the latter in conjunction with the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) and Water Resources Management Authority (WARMA); 4) *Mines Development Department* (MDD), responsible for receiving and verifying the mines' monthly production reports, and sharing the results with the Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA), as well as for issuing export permits for mineral products."}, {"bbox": [96, 1398, 1135, 1543], "category": "Text", "text": "**Other central government** stakeholders include: the Ministry of Technology and Science (Department of Vocational Education and Training); the Ministry of Green Economy and the Environment (MGEE), including ZEMA; the Ministry of Finance (including the Zambian Revenue Authority (ZRA); the Ministry of Labour and Social Security; the Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry; the Ministry of Education; the Ministry of Justice; the TEVETA Authority under the Ministry of Technology and"}, {"bbox": [85, 1596, 964, 1623], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁵ Rapid mapping of skills development in mining sector, EM ASSOCIATES LIMITED, September 2023"}, {"bbox": [603, 1654, 628, 1677], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "13"}]