[{"bbox": [83, 77, 1119, 131], "category": "Text", "text": "adolescents and LGBTIQ+ people, within the framework of the national plans and policies, international commitments and obligations subscribed by Peru."}, {"bbox": [72, 172, 327, 203], "category": "Section-header", "text": "## 2.2 Problem Analysis"}, {"bbox": [83, 218, 1120, 379], "category": "Text", "text": "Over the past decades, gender equality in Peru has advanced along several dimensions, particularly in access to education and health services. Achievements include improved educational attainment at all levels, particularly for women; higher returns to education among women; maternal mortality rates, access to contraception and adolescent fertility have evolved positively and compare favourably to other Andean countries; and their greater labour market inclusion. Peru has also made important advances in the development of an adequate legal and institutional framework for gender equality (at least, on paper), and with regards to female labour market inclusion."}, {"bbox": [83, 406, 1120, 1069], "category": "Text", "text": "Notwithstanding these achievements, many important challenges remain. In a traditionally conservative society, women and girls are often held back by stereotypes and discrimination that limit their access to education, formal employment, and leadership opportunities; although women's labour participation is high, challenges related to the level of jobs and salaries persist. Women often lack access to the resources they need to start and grow businesses, such as capital, training, mentorship and social support. Policies that support families, such as paid parental leave and flexible work arrangements, are very limited and restricted in Peru. An important gender gap is observed in the use of time and there is an unequal distribution of household and caring tasks. In a culturally conservative society like Peru, the contribution of the “care economy” (done mostly by women) is not recognised and care responsibilities -to children and more generally to people in need of care such as elderly, disabled or other persons- are invisible and naturalised as women’s responsibilities. Gender inequality is also reflected in the growing phenomenon and severity of gender-based violence. The consequences are far-reaching, including physical and psychological wounds or even death (73% of women in Peru have experienced violence in their life), as well as broad social and economic costs. Violence often becomes a barrier preventing women and girls from fully participating in the social, economic, political and cultural life of their communities. Thus, having important consequences for Peru’s development overall. The prevalence of violence against women is also favoured by the absence and/or negligence of the State Authorities particularly at local level, and the low level of trust on security and justice authorities; indeed only 20% of the women victims of violence in Peru denounce their cases to the authorities. The statistics are even lower when referring to migrant or refugee women and girls cases, that due to their status, are victims of discrimination and violence but generally do not report it. Meanwhile, according to the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, 43.1% of women with disabilities have suffered some type of gender violence by their partner, being around 70% from rural areas⁶. Violence towards people with disabilities⁷, in general, and gender-based violence towards this group, in particular, have not been sufficiently studied. This invisibility is accompanied by an absence of statistical information that has determined the lack of programs, policies and strategies specially designed to ensure the right to a life free of violence, bodily autonomy and the reproductive rights of women, adolescents and girls with disabilities."}, {"bbox": [83, 1095, 1120, 1414], "category": "Text", "text": "Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ+) people in Perú have been systematically discriminated against and stigmatized due to their sexual orientation and gender identity. This and the absence of a specific regulatory framework in their favour have affected their fundamental rights to life, integrity, identity, health, work, education, among others. During the year 2023, the AURORA Programme registered 216 cases of LGBTIQ+ people treated in Women's Emergency Centers for having been victims of psychological (29.2%), physical (40.3%) or sexual (30.5%) violence⁸. Similarly, the Second National Human Rights Survey showed that, although the LGBTIQ+ population is perceived as one of those who suffer the highest rate of discrimination in the country (71%), extremely harmful stereotypes prevail towards this group, such as that “people become homosexual due to trauma in their childhood or bad experiences” (45%) or that “a trans person (transsexual, transgender and transvestite) lives confused” (46%)⁹. In recent years, from stigmatizing speeches by authorities, and the denial of the right to gender identity and equal marriage by bills pushed by conservative and anti-rights groups have fed the cycle of violence and precariousness that LGBTIQ+ persons face daily."}, {"bbox": [72, 1445, 1117, 1494], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁶ https://www.gob.pe/institucion/inei/informes-publicaciones/5357753-peru-caracterizacion-de-las-condiciones-de-vida-de-la-poblacion-con-discapacidad-2022"}, {"bbox": [72, 1494, 1065, 1569], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁷ In Perú, 5.2% of the population (1 million 575 thousand people) has some type of disability. Of this total, 52.1% are women, equivalent to 820,731 people, and 47.9% are men (754,671), that is, the proportion of women who have a disability is higher: https://m.inei.gob.pe/prensa/noticias/en-el-peru-1-millon-575-mil-personas-presentan-alg/"}, {"bbox": [72, 1568, 1129, 1617], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁸ Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables (2023). *Portal Estadístico. Programa Nacional Aurora. Tipos de población (Enero - Diciembre) 2023*. https://portalestadistico.aurora.gob.pe/tipos-de-poblacion-2023/"}, {"bbox": [72, 1616, 1129, 1664], "category": "Footnote", "text": "⁹ IPSOS (2020). *II Encuesta Nacional de Derechos Humanos*. https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/1611180/3.-Informe-completo-de-la-II-Encuesta-Nacional-de-Derechos-Humanos.pdf"}, {"bbox": [1019, 1665, 1129, 1691], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 6 of 24"}]