[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1134, 313], "category": "Text", "text": "investment in circular economy have been the main barriers to the transition to circular economy at full speed. The current regulatory framework also has many bottlenecks preventing implementation of resource efficiency, cleaner production and industrial symbiosis. For example, there are opportunities for industrial symbiosis to improve energy, material and water efficiency in Industrial parks (IPs)²⁷, nonetheless barriers related to energy pricing, rooftop solar, transmission lines, reuse of treated wastewater or trading of by-products and waste among firms exist. Without addressing these constraints, scaling up of RCE practices will be difficult and slow."}, {"bbox": [96, 323, 1134, 458], "category": "Text", "text": "The eco-industrial park (EIP) approach and related standards remain relatively new to many park developers and industrial enterprises. Although Decree 35/2022 introduced EIP approach and standards, further guidance are needed to support the implementation. There is a huge need to raise awareness and build capacity of park operators and tenant firms on the EIP approach and relevant standards, including gender equality and disability inclusion and accessibility."}, {"bbox": [96, 468, 1134, 577], "category": "Text", "text": "Technologies is the key enabler of circular economy. Development of energy management system and renewable energy (solar, wind, biomass and waste-to-energy), water supply and wastewater treatment system, and system for industrial symbiosis and material recovery will require investment in technologies. The private sector in Viet Nam in general lacks innovation capacity and knowledge of available technologies."}, {"bbox": [96, 587, 1134, 696], "category": "Text", "text": "Lack of access to finance is another issue faced by park operators and tenant firms. Switching to circular economy business models requires investment in infrastructure, equipment, technologies, green skills and human capital, which would go beyond the resource available at their hands. Without policies and financial support, implementation of circular economy practices will continue to be challenging."}, {"bbox": [96, 706, 1134, 841], "category": "Text", "text": "The Action will support the development of circular economy in the industrial sector. It will strengthen capacity of public authorities, industrial park operators and tenant firms, and other relevant stakeholders to implement gender sensitive policies and responsible circular economy business models that integrate the Human Rights Based Approach and the rights of people with disabilities, thereby improving economic, environmental and social performances of the industrial sector and the whole economy."}, {"bbox": [96, 852, 1083, 907], "category": "Text", "text": "### Identification of main stakeholders and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues (mandates, potential roles, and capacities) to be covered by the action:"}, {"bbox": [96, 931, 1134, 1037], "category": "Text", "text": "The Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) is the key partner ministry for the implementation of the Action. Among other tasks, MPI takes the lead in economic governance and state management of industrial parks and economic zones. The Department for Management of Economic Zones is the most important partner within the MPI."}, {"bbox": [96, 1049, 1134, 1211], "category": "Text", "text": "Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) takes the lead role in state management of agriculture and rural development, covering all sub-sectoral agriculture value chains such as crop & livestock productions, aquaculture/fishery and irrigation/water services. MARD will be the key partner for the implementation of an envisaged complementary Action promoting circular economy in the agriculture sector and will be closely engaged to ensure the synergy between the two Actions, notably regarding cross-cutting policies and industrial-agriculture symbiosis."}, {"bbox": [96, 1221, 1134, 1277], "category": "Text", "text": "Other ministries having functions and tasks that are highly important for the Action will also be important stakeholders at the activity level, notably:"}, {"bbox": [134, 1287, 1134, 1393], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) takes the lead in setting policies on environment and natural resources and is responsible overall coordination of the National Action Plan on Circular Economy. MONRE has a crucial role in addressing bottlenecks related to water and solid waste treatment, land use and others."}, {"bbox": [134, 1394, 1134, 1475], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The Ministry of Industry and Trade takes the lead in setting industrial policies and policies on energy (including electricity), energy-label, eco-design and trade. It has a key role in removing a number of barriers to facilitate energy efficiency, sustainable production and sustainable trade."}, {"bbox": [134, 1475, 1134, 1554], "category": "List-item", "text": "- The Ministry of Science and Technology is the key partner in all issues related to technology and innovation, notably in setting policies, standards, criteria and guiding the use of clean and low-carbon technologies and facilitate research and development activities."}, {"bbox": [85, 1588, 1144, 1678], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁷ Some examples of RCE initiative through industrial symbiosis are: industrial park management hired roof-top of tenant firms to produce solar power and sell to tenant firms, excessive steam heat from one company (as a by-product) can be sold to neighbouring companies, treated waste water meeting standards can be re-used for production purposes, a waste-to-energy plant can use wastes/by-products/residuals from IPs and tenant firms to produce electricity/steam heat and sell to IPs/tenant firms."}, {"bbox": [1023, 1678, 1144, 1703], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 10 of 24"}]