[{"bbox": [96, 152, 1135, 473], "category": "Text", "text": "workers and their families²³. Many enterprises pay little attention to working conditions. Workers have to work in a polluted environment, which negatively affects their health²⁴. Occupational health and safety can be a concern in some IPs, particularly where workers are exposed to hazardous materials. Female workers in general face some forms of gender-based discrimination and are exposed to risks of sexual harassment. The government recognized the need to pursue a more sustainable development pathway, and has updated its development strategies for 2021-2030 period accordingly. It considers responsible business conducts and circular economy business models as solutions for greening the economy and has issued several policies and regulations to promote for responsible, circular economy²⁵. Given the significance of its resource consumption and environmental footprints, the industrial sector has been playing the central role in this green transition process and the government has taken efforts to promote circular economy in the sector. It has adopted the eco-industrial park (EIP) approach in its policies, notably in Decree 08/2022 guiding the implementation of the Law for Environmental Protection and Decree 35/2022 guiding the management for industrial park and economic zones."}, {"bbox": [96, 482, 1135, 671], "category": "Text", "text": "EIPs can be defined as managed industrial areas that promote cross-industry and community collaboration for common benefits related to economic, social and environmental performance. The EIP concept has evolved to address additional, interrelated aspects, including resource efficient and cleaner production, industrial symbiosis, climate change, pollution, social standards, shared infrastructure, improved management of risks and shared resources, including land and ecosystem services. The EIP framework, describing performance requirements for EIPs for four key categories: park management, performance, environmental performance, social performance, and economic performance, has been applied across the world²⁶. The requirements for the EIP aims to:"}, {"bbox": [135, 682, 1135, 764], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Increase park management performance, specifically with regard to management and monitoring. This includes investing in better infrastructure; applying national/international standards; organizing and managing services (including disaster preparedness and risk management), and marketing."}, {"bbox": [135, 765, 1135, 845], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Enhance environmental performance by minimizing the footprints of parks, by providing sustainable means to manage water, wastewater, waste, and resources. It also involves addressing climate change issues and effects on local and global environments."}, {"bbox": [135, 845, 1135, 924], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Improve social performance by addressing the needs of the community and employees, including in relation to labor rights and working conditions, gender equality, community dialogue, land acquisition and social infrastructure."}, {"bbox": [135, 926, 1135, 1005], "category": "List-item", "text": "* Increase economic performance by maximizing returns for park managers and business owners. Economic benefits from an industrial park include revenue and profit, job creation, and competitiveness, as well as access to additional investment for resident industries."}, {"bbox": [96, 1017, 1135, 1179], "category": "Text", "text": "The EIP framework also considers climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk management. It requires regulators and IPs to anticipate local impacts and acts to prevent or minimize possible damages. IPs and tenant firms often have to consider measures to reduce environmental, social and economic damages caused by heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, cyclones and floods etc. In this context, they should implement adaptation measures for infrastructure and services, such as integration of CCA measures into site selection, planning, implementation, and risk management within new parks, as well as in the retrofitting of existing industrial parks."}, {"bbox": [96, 1189, 1135, 1348], "category": "Text", "text": "In Viet Nam, some interventions have been implemented since 2014 with the support of development partners to build capacity of related stakeholders and support a limited number of regular IPs to gradually transform into EIPs. To date, some tangible results have been achieved. There are strong business cases demonstrating that circular economy business models bring economic values while reduce environmental impacts and transformation of regular IPs into EIPs will improve the sector's economic, social and environmental performance at a much larger scale."}, {"bbox": [96, 1360, 1135, 1442], "category": "Text", "text": "Despite some successful business cases, the implementation of RCE in the industrial sector has not been without challenges. The work done so far only accounts for a small portion of the industrial sector capacity. The majority of potential in the industrial sector remain un-tapped. The lack of technical capacity and financial resources for"}, {"bbox": [85, 1481, 912, 1504], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²³ Le Thi Le - Research Gate \"Workers's life assessment in industrial parks in Vietnam's North Central region"}, {"bbox": [85, 1503, 1085, 1547], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁴ Ai Nhan Nguyen & Xuan Thi Tran: E3S Web of Conferences 258, 07046 (2021) UESF-2021 \"Worker's material and mental life in sustainable development of industrial zones\""}, {"bbox": [85, 1547, 1144, 1655], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁵ Notable policies are: the Law for Environmental Protection 2020 and its decrees, the National Action plan on Sustainable Consumption and production for period 2021-2030, the Master Plan for Development of Circular Economy (Decision 687/QD-TTg), the National Action plan to promote responsible business conducts in Viet Nam for 2023-2027 peiod. A National Action Plan on circular economy and a Decree on piloting mechanisms in 4 priority sectors (agriculture-forestry-fishery, industry, energy and construction materials) are expected to be adopted in the coming months."}, {"bbox": [85, 1654, 1069, 1677], "category": "Footnote", "text": "²⁶ See more at: https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2021-04/An international framework for eco-industrial parks v2.0.pdf"}, {"bbox": [1035, 1678, 1144, 1703], "category": "Page-footer", "text": "Page 9 of 24"}]