# NCERT Textbook: Lines & Angles Notes | Study Mathematics (Maths) Class 7 - Class 7

## Class 7: NCERT Textbook: Lines & Angles Notes | Study Mathematics (Maths) Class 7 - Class 7

The document NCERT Textbook: Lines & Angles Notes | Study Mathematics (Maths) Class 7 - Class 7 is a part of the Class 7 Course Mathematics (Maths) Class 7.
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``` Page 1

LINES AND ANGLES 93 93 93 93 93
5.1 INTRODUCTION
You already know how to identify different lines, line segments and angles in a given
shape. Can you identify the different line segments and angles formed in the following
figures? (Fig 5.1)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Fig 5.1
Can you also identify whether the angles made are acute or obtuse or right?
Recall that a line segment has two end points. If we extend the two end points in either
direction endlessly, we get a line. Thus, we can say that a line has no end points. On the other
hand, recall that a ray has one end point (namely its starting point). For example, look at the
figures given below:
Fig 5.2
Here, Fig 5.2 (i) shows a line segment, Fig 5.2 (ii) shows a line and Fig 5.2 (iii) is that
of a ray. A line segment PQ is generally denoted by the symbol
PQ
, a line AB is denoted by
the symbol AB
 
and the ray OP is denoted by OP
ur uu
. Give some examples of line segments and
Chapter  5
Lines and
Angles
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
2020-21
not to be republished
Page 2

LINES AND ANGLES 93 93 93 93 93
5.1 INTRODUCTION
You already know how to identify different lines, line segments and angles in a given
shape. Can you identify the different line segments and angles formed in the following
figures? (Fig 5.1)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Fig 5.1
Can you also identify whether the angles made are acute or obtuse or right?
Recall that a line segment has two end points. If we extend the two end points in either
direction endlessly, we get a line. Thus, we can say that a line has no end points. On the other
hand, recall that a ray has one end point (namely its starting point). For example, look at the
figures given below:
Fig 5.2
Here, Fig 5.2 (i) shows a line segment, Fig 5.2 (ii) shows a line and Fig 5.2 (iii) is that
of a ray. A line segment PQ is generally denoted by the symbol
PQ
, a line AB is denoted by
the symbol AB
 
and the ray OP is denoted by OP
ur uu
. Give some examples of line segments and
Chapter  5
Lines and
Angles
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
2020-21
not to be republished
MATHEMATICS 94 94 94 94 94
Again recall that an angle is formed when lines or line segments meet. In Fig 5.1,
observe the corners. These corners are formed when two lines or line segments intersect
at a point. For example, look at the figures given below:
Fig 5.3
In Fig 5.3 (i) line segments AB and BC intersect at B to form angle ABC, and again
line segments BC and AC intersect at C to form angle ACB and so on. Whereas, in
Fig 5.3 (ii) lines PQ and RS intersect at O to form four angles POS,
SOQ, QOR and ROP. An angle ABC is represented by the symbol
?ABC. Thus, in Fig 5.3 (i), the three angles formed are ?ABC, ?BCA
and ?BAC, and in Fig 5.3 (ii), the four angles formed are ?POS, ?SOQ,
?QOR and ?POR. Y ou have already studied how to classify the angles
as acute, obtuse or right angle.
Note: While referring to the measure of an angle ABC, we shall write m?ABC as simply
?ABC. The context will make it clear , whether we are referring to the angle or its measure.
5.2 RELATED ANGLES
5.2.1  Complementary Angles
When the sum of the measures of two angles is 90°, the angles are called complementary
angles.
(i) (ii)
List ten figures around you
and identify the acute, obtuse
and right angles found in them.
TRY THESE
Whenever two angles are complementary, each angle is said to be the complement
of the other angle. In the above diagram (Fig 5.4), the ‘30° angle’ is the complement of the
‘60° angle’ and vice versa.
Are these two angles complementary?
No
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Are these two angles complementary?
Yes
Fig 5.4
2020-21
not to be republished
Page 3

LINES AND ANGLES 93 93 93 93 93
5.1 INTRODUCTION
You already know how to identify different lines, line segments and angles in a given
shape. Can you identify the different line segments and angles formed in the following
figures? (Fig 5.1)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Fig 5.1
Can you also identify whether the angles made are acute or obtuse or right?
Recall that a line segment has two end points. If we extend the two end points in either
direction endlessly, we get a line. Thus, we can say that a line has no end points. On the other
hand, recall that a ray has one end point (namely its starting point). For example, look at the
figures given below:
Fig 5.2
Here, Fig 5.2 (i) shows a line segment, Fig 5.2 (ii) shows a line and Fig 5.2 (iii) is that
of a ray. A line segment PQ is generally denoted by the symbol
PQ
, a line AB is denoted by
the symbol AB
 
and the ray OP is denoted by OP
ur uu
. Give some examples of line segments and
Chapter  5
Lines and
Angles
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
2020-21
not to be republished
MATHEMATICS 94 94 94 94 94
Again recall that an angle is formed when lines or line segments meet. In Fig 5.1,
observe the corners. These corners are formed when two lines or line segments intersect
at a point. For example, look at the figures given below:
Fig 5.3
In Fig 5.3 (i) line segments AB and BC intersect at B to form angle ABC, and again
line segments BC and AC intersect at C to form angle ACB and so on. Whereas, in
Fig 5.3 (ii) lines PQ and RS intersect at O to form four angles POS,
SOQ, QOR and ROP. An angle ABC is represented by the symbol
?ABC. Thus, in Fig 5.3 (i), the three angles formed are ?ABC, ?BCA
and ?BAC, and in Fig 5.3 (ii), the four angles formed are ?POS, ?SOQ,
?QOR and ?POR. Y ou have already studied how to classify the angles
as acute, obtuse or right angle.
Note: While referring to the measure of an angle ABC, we shall write m?ABC as simply
?ABC. The context will make it clear , whether we are referring to the angle or its measure.
5.2 RELATED ANGLES
5.2.1  Complementary Angles
When the sum of the measures of two angles is 90°, the angles are called complementary
angles.
(i) (ii)
List ten figures around you
and identify the acute, obtuse
and right angles found in them.
TRY THESE
Whenever two angles are complementary, each angle is said to be the complement
of the other angle. In the above diagram (Fig 5.4), the ‘30° angle’ is the complement of the
‘60° angle’ and vice versa.
Are these two angles complementary?
No
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Are these two angles complementary?
Yes
Fig 5.4
2020-21
not to be republished
LINES AND ANGLES 95 95 95 95 95
THINK, DISCUSS AND WRITE
1. Can two acute angles be complement to each other?
2. Can two obtuse angles be complement to each other?
3. Can two right angles be complement to each other?
1. Which pairs of following angles are complementary? (Fig 5.5)
Fig 5.5
2. What is the measure of the complement of each of the following angles?
(i) 45º (ii) 65º (iii) 41º (iv) 54º
3. The difference in the measures of two complementary angles is 12
o
. Find the measures of the angles.
5.2.2  Supplementary Angles
Let us now look at the following pairs of angles (Fig 5.6):
TRY THESE
(i) (ii)
(iii) (iv)
(i) (ii)
2020-21
not to be republished
Page 4

LINES AND ANGLES 93 93 93 93 93
5.1 INTRODUCTION
You already know how to identify different lines, line segments and angles in a given
shape. Can you identify the different line segments and angles formed in the following
figures? (Fig 5.1)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Fig 5.1
Can you also identify whether the angles made are acute or obtuse or right?
Recall that a line segment has two end points. If we extend the two end points in either
direction endlessly, we get a line. Thus, we can say that a line has no end points. On the other
hand, recall that a ray has one end point (namely its starting point). For example, look at the
figures given below:
Fig 5.2
Here, Fig 5.2 (i) shows a line segment, Fig 5.2 (ii) shows a line and Fig 5.2 (iii) is that
of a ray. A line segment PQ is generally denoted by the symbol
PQ
, a line AB is denoted by
the symbol AB
 
and the ray OP is denoted by OP
ur uu
. Give some examples of line segments and
Chapter  5
Lines and
Angles
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
2020-21
not to be republished
MATHEMATICS 94 94 94 94 94
Again recall that an angle is formed when lines or line segments meet. In Fig 5.1,
observe the corners. These corners are formed when two lines or line segments intersect
at a point. For example, look at the figures given below:
Fig 5.3
In Fig 5.3 (i) line segments AB and BC intersect at B to form angle ABC, and again
line segments BC and AC intersect at C to form angle ACB and so on. Whereas, in
Fig 5.3 (ii) lines PQ and RS intersect at O to form four angles POS,
SOQ, QOR and ROP. An angle ABC is represented by the symbol
?ABC. Thus, in Fig 5.3 (i), the three angles formed are ?ABC, ?BCA
and ?BAC, and in Fig 5.3 (ii), the four angles formed are ?POS, ?SOQ,
?QOR and ?POR. Y ou have already studied how to classify the angles
as acute, obtuse or right angle.
Note: While referring to the measure of an angle ABC, we shall write m?ABC as simply
?ABC. The context will make it clear , whether we are referring to the angle or its measure.
5.2 RELATED ANGLES
5.2.1  Complementary Angles
When the sum of the measures of two angles is 90°, the angles are called complementary
angles.
(i) (ii)
List ten figures around you
and identify the acute, obtuse
and right angles found in them.
TRY THESE
Whenever two angles are complementary, each angle is said to be the complement
of the other angle. In the above diagram (Fig 5.4), the ‘30° angle’ is the complement of the
‘60° angle’ and vice versa.
Are these two angles complementary?
No
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Are these two angles complementary?
Yes
Fig 5.4
2020-21
not to be republished
LINES AND ANGLES 95 95 95 95 95
THINK, DISCUSS AND WRITE
1. Can two acute angles be complement to each other?
2. Can two obtuse angles be complement to each other?
3. Can two right angles be complement to each other?
1. Which pairs of following angles are complementary? (Fig 5.5)
Fig 5.5
2. What is the measure of the complement of each of the following angles?
(i) 45º (ii) 65º (iii) 41º (iv) 54º
3. The difference in the measures of two complementary angles is 12
o
. Find the measures of the angles.
5.2.2  Supplementary Angles
Let us now look at the following pairs of angles (Fig 5.6):
TRY THESE
(i) (ii)
(iii) (iv)
(i) (ii)
2020-21
not to be republished
MATHEMATICS 96 96 96 96 96
Fig 5.6
Do you notice that the sum of the measures of the angles in each of the above pairs
(Fig 5.6) comes out to be 180º? Such pairs of angles are called supplementary angles.
When two angles are supplementary , each angle is said to be the supplement of the other.
THINK, DISCUSS AND WRITE
1. Can two obtuse angles be supplementary?
2. Can two acute angles be supplementary?
3. Can two right angles be supplementary?
1. Find the pairs of supplementary angles in Fig 5.7:
Fig 5.7
(iii) (iv)
TRY THESE
(iii) (iv)
(i) (ii)
2020-21
not to be republished
Page 5

LINES AND ANGLES 93 93 93 93 93
5.1 INTRODUCTION
You already know how to identify different lines, line segments and angles in a given
shape. Can you identify the different line segments and angles formed in the following
figures? (Fig 5.1)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Fig 5.1
Can you also identify whether the angles made are acute or obtuse or right?
Recall that a line segment has two end points. If we extend the two end points in either
direction endlessly, we get a line. Thus, we can say that a line has no end points. On the other
hand, recall that a ray has one end point (namely its starting point). For example, look at the
figures given below:
Fig 5.2
Here, Fig 5.2 (i) shows a line segment, Fig 5.2 (ii) shows a line and Fig 5.2 (iii) is that
of a ray. A line segment PQ is generally denoted by the symbol
PQ
, a line AB is denoted by
the symbol AB
 
and the ray OP is denoted by OP
ur uu
. Give some examples of line segments and
Chapter  5
Lines and
Angles
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
2020-21
not to be republished
MATHEMATICS 94 94 94 94 94
Again recall that an angle is formed when lines or line segments meet. In Fig 5.1,
observe the corners. These corners are formed when two lines or line segments intersect
at a point. For example, look at the figures given below:
Fig 5.3
In Fig 5.3 (i) line segments AB and BC intersect at B to form angle ABC, and again
line segments BC and AC intersect at C to form angle ACB and so on. Whereas, in
Fig 5.3 (ii) lines PQ and RS intersect at O to form four angles POS,
SOQ, QOR and ROP. An angle ABC is represented by the symbol
?ABC. Thus, in Fig 5.3 (i), the three angles formed are ?ABC, ?BCA
and ?BAC, and in Fig 5.3 (ii), the four angles formed are ?POS, ?SOQ,
?QOR and ?POR. Y ou have already studied how to classify the angles
as acute, obtuse or right angle.
Note: While referring to the measure of an angle ABC, we shall write m?ABC as simply
?ABC. The context will make it clear , whether we are referring to the angle or its measure.
5.2 RELATED ANGLES
5.2.1  Complementary Angles
When the sum of the measures of two angles is 90°, the angles are called complementary
angles.
(i) (ii)
List ten figures around you
and identify the acute, obtuse
and right angles found in them.
TRY THESE
Whenever two angles are complementary, each angle is said to be the complement
of the other angle. In the above diagram (Fig 5.4), the ‘30° angle’ is the complement of the
‘60° angle’ and vice versa.
Are these two angles complementary?
No
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Are these two angles complementary?
Yes
Fig 5.4
2020-21
not to be republished
LINES AND ANGLES 95 95 95 95 95
THINK, DISCUSS AND WRITE
1. Can two acute angles be complement to each other?
2. Can two obtuse angles be complement to each other?
3. Can two right angles be complement to each other?
1. Which pairs of following angles are complementary? (Fig 5.5)
Fig 5.5
2. What is the measure of the complement of each of the following angles?
(i) 45º (ii) 65º (iii) 41º (iv) 54º
3. The difference in the measures of two complementary angles is 12
o
. Find the measures of the angles.
5.2.2  Supplementary Angles
Let us now look at the following pairs of angles (Fig 5.6):
TRY THESE
(i) (ii)
(iii) (iv)
(i) (ii)
2020-21
not to be republished
MATHEMATICS 96 96 96 96 96
Fig 5.6
Do you notice that the sum of the measures of the angles in each of the above pairs
(Fig 5.6) comes out to be 180º? Such pairs of angles are called supplementary angles.
When two angles are supplementary , each angle is said to be the supplement of the other.
THINK, DISCUSS AND WRITE
1. Can two obtuse angles be supplementary?
2. Can two acute angles be supplementary?
3. Can two right angles be supplementary?
1. Find the pairs of supplementary angles in Fig 5.7:
Fig 5.7
(iii) (iv)
TRY THESE
(iii) (iv)
(i) (ii)
2020-21
not to be republished
LINES AND ANGLES 97 97 97 97 97
2. What will be the measure of the supplement of each one of the following angles?
(i) 100º (ii) 90º (iii) 55º (iv) 125º
3. Among two supplementary angles the measure of the larger angle is 44
o
more than
the measure of the smaller. Find their measures.
Look at the following figures:
Fig 5.8
At both the  vertices A and B, we find, a pair of angles are placed next to each other.
These angles are such that:
(i) they have a common vertex;
(ii) they have a common arm; and
(iii) the non-common arms are on either side of the common arm.
Such pairs of angles are called adjacent angles. Adjacent angles have a common
vertex and a common arm but no common interior points.
1. Are the angles marked 1 and 2 adjacent? (Fig 5.9). If they are not adjacent,
say, ‘why’.
A
B
When you open a book it looks like the above
figure. In A and B, we find a pair of angles,
placed next to each other.
Look at this steering wheel of a car. At the
centre of the wheel you find three angles
being formed, lying next to one another.
TRY THESE
(i) (ii) (iii)
2020-21
not to be republished
```
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