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# REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS

## UNIT – I

1. Partial fraction

2. Logarithms

3. Function

4. Limits and continuity

## UNIT –II

1. Matrices and Determinant

## UNIT – III

1. Calculus Differentiation

## UNIT – IV

1. Analytical Geometry

2. Straight Line

3. Integration

## UNIT-V

2. Laplace Transform

UNIT – I

• Partial fraction Introduction, Polynomial, Rational fractions, Proper and Improper fractions, Partial fraction , Resolving into Partial fraction, Application of Partial Fraction in Chemical Kinetics and Pharmacokinetics

• Logarithms Introduction, Definition, Theorems/Properties of logarithms, Common logarithms, Characteristic and Mantissa, worked examples, application of logarithm to solve pharmaceutical problems.

• Function: Real Valued function, Classification of real valued functions, • Limits and continuity: Introduction, Limit of a function, Definition of limit of a function ( -  definition) , lim x n −a n = nan−1 , lim sin = 1, x→a x − a →0 

UNIT –II

• Matrices and Determinant:

Introduction matrices, Types of matrices, Operation on matrices, Transpose of a matrix, Matrix Multiplication, Determinants, Properties of determinants , Product of determinants, Minors and co-Factors, Adjoint or adjugate of a square matrix, Singular and non-singular matrices, Inverse of a matrix, Solution of system of linear of equations using matrix method, Cramer’s rule, Characteristic equation and roots of a square matrix, Cayley–Hamilton theorem, Application of Matrices in solving Pharmacokinetic equations

UNIT – III

• Calculus Differentiation : Introductions, Derivative of a function, Derivative of a constant, Derivative of a product of a constant and a function , Derivative of the sum or difference of two functions,Derivative of the product of two functions (product formula), Derivative of the quotient of two functions (Quotient formula) – Without Proof, Derivative of x n w.r.tx,where n is any rational number, Derivative of e x ,, Derivative of loge x , Derivative of a x ,Derivative of trigonometric functions from first principles (without Proof), Successive Differentiation, Conditions for a function to be a maximum or a minimum at a point. Application

UNIT – IV

• Analytical Geometry

Introduction: Signs of the Coordinates, Distance formula,

Straight Line : Slope or gradient of a straight line, Conditions for parallelism and perpendicularity of two lines, Slope of a line joining two points, Slope – intercept form of a straight line

Integration: Introduction, Definition, Standard formulae, Rules of integration, Method of substitution, Method of Partial fractions, Integration by parts, definite integrals, application

UNIT-V

• Differential Equations : Some basic definitions, Order and degree, Equations in separable form , Homogeneous equations, Linear Differential equations, Exact equations, Application in solving Pharmacokinetic equations

• Laplace Transform : Introduction, Definition, Properties of Laplace transform, Laplace Transforms of elementary functions, Inverse Laplace transforms, Laplace transform of derivatives, Application to solve Linear differential equations, Application in solving Chemical kinetics and Pharmacokinetics equations
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