# MAFS.912.G-SRT.1.1a A dilation takes a line not Dilations 6 9 ... 2019/08/26  · Challenge Coordinate Geometry In the coordinate plane, you can extend dilations to include scale factors

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### Text of MAFS.912.G-SRT.1.1a A dilation takes a line not Dilations 6 9 ... 2019/08/26  ·...

• 96 Dilations ^ Mafhematics Florida Standards

MAFS.912.G-SRT.1.1a A dilation takes a line not

passing through the center of the dilation to a parallel line,... Also MAFS.912.G-SRT.1.1b.

MAFS.912.G-C0.1.2, MAFS.912.G-SRT.1.2

MP 1, MP 3. MP 4. MP 7

Objective To understand dilation images of figures

Do you thi you can model this using rigid motions?

MATHEMATICAL

PRACTICES

Lesson

Vocabulary • dilation

• center of dilation

• scale factor of a

dilation

• enlargement • reduction

In the Solve It, you looked at how the pupil of an eye changes in size, or dilates. In this lesson, you will learn how to dilate geometric figures.

Essential Understanding You can use a scale factor to make a larger or smaller copy of a figure that is also similar to the original figure.

Key Concept Dilation

A dilation with center of dilation C and scale

factor n,n>0, can be written as q. A dilation is a transformation with the following properties. • The image of C is itself (that is, C = C).

• For any other point i?,/?'is on Ci? and

CR' = n • CR, orn =

Dilations preserve angle measure.

•« «=

C = C

CR' =n- CR

C PowerGeometry.com Lesson 9-6 Dilations 587

• The scale factor n of a dilation is the ratio of a length of the image to the corresponding length in the preimage, with the image length always in the numerator. For the figure

shown on page 587, n = ̂ = A dilation is an enlargement if the scale factor n is greater than 1. The dilation is a reduction if the scale factor n is between 0 and 1.

Why Is the scale

factor not or

The scale factor of a

dilation always has the image length (or the distance between a point on the image and the center of dilation) in the numerator.

A' =A D

Enlargement

center A. scale factor 2

Reduction

center C, scale factor \ 4

Finding a Scale Factor

Multiple Choice IsD[„ ;^j(AXJ7?) = AXT'f?'an enlargement R' or a reduction? What is the scale factor n of the dilation?

enlargement; n = 2

dD enlargement; n = 3

CO reduction; n = 5

CO reduction; n = 3

X' =X The image is larger than the preimage, so the dilation is an

enlargement.

Use the ratio of the lengths of corresponding sides to find the scale factor.

n ~ X'T' 4 + = ̂ = 34 ̂XT 4

AX'T'R' is an enlargement of AXTR, with a scale factor of 3. The correct answer is B.

Got it? 1. Is Qj {JKLM) = J'K'I'M'an enlargement or a reduction? What is the scale factor n of the dilation?

:y i i j j // ri—'̂ \K

-IN 0 2 iI 1 X 1

-\m j3

1 1 1 ̂

-4^ r

1

-

1 !T- L

In Got It 1, you looked at a dilation of a figure drawn in the

coordinate plane. In this book, all dilations of figures in the coordinate plane have the origin as the center of dilation. So

you can find the dilation image of a point P{x, y) by multiplying the coordinates of P by the scale factor n. A dilation of scale factor n with center of dilation at the origin can be written as

{x, y) = [nx, ny)

ny-- P'{nx, ny)

= n-OP

nx

588 Chapter 9 Transformations

• Will the vertices of

the triangle move closer to (0,0) or farther from (0, 0)? The scale factor is 2,

so the dilation is an

enlargement. The vertices will move farther from

(0.0).

Problem 2 Finding a Dilation Image

What are the coordinates of the vertices of

X)2(APZG)? Graph the image of APZG.

Identify the coordinates of each vertex. Ihe center of

dilation is the origin and the scale factor is 2, so use the

dilation rule D2{x, y) = {2x, 2y).

D^iP) = (2 - 2, 2 - (-1)), orP'(4, -2).

DziZ) = (2 • (-2), 2 • 1), or Z'{-4, 2).

DaCG) = (2 • 0, 2 • (-2)), or G'(0, -4).

To graph the image of APZG, graph P', Z', and G'.

Then draw AP'Z'G'.

-) y

7

IV^ X

—6 -2 ̂sp 1\

-LI I 2 y

■ \ 1^* P' X

-6 -I \o P 1 \\\

G

Got It? 2. a. What are the coordinates of the vertices of Di (APZG)?

b. Reasoning How are PZ and P'Z'related? How are PG and P'G', and GZ

and G'Z'related? Use these relationships to make a conjecture about the

effects of dilations on lines.

TlniM Lr

What does a scale

factor of 7 tell you? A scale factor of 7 tells

you that the ratio of the image length to the actual length Is 7, or image length _ actual length ~ "

Dilations and scale factors help you understand real-world enlargements and reductions, such as images seen through a microscope or on a computer screen.

Using a Scale Factor to Find a Length

Biology A magnifying glass shows you an image of an object that is 7 times the object's actual size. So the scale factor of the

enlargement is 7. The photo shows an apple seed under this

magnifying glass. What is the actual length of the apple seed?

1.75 = 7 * p image length = scale factor • actual length

0.25 = p Divide each side by 7.

The actual length of the apple seed is 0.25 in.

Got It? 3. The height of a document on your computer screen is 20.4 cm. When you change the zoom

setting on your screen from 100% to 25%, the

new image of your document is a dilation of the

previous image with scale factor 0.25. What is

the height of the new image?

I Lesson 9-6 Dilations 589

• Lesson Check

Do you know HOW? 1. The blue figure is a dilation

image of the black figure with

center of dilation C. Is the

dilation an enlargement or a

reduction? What is the scale

factor of the dilation?

Find the image of each point.

2. 02(1, -5) 3. Di(0,6) 2

4. Dio(0, 0)

MATHEMATICAL

Do you UNDERSTAND? iV» PRACTICES

5. Vocabulary Describe the scale factor of a reduction.

6. Error Analysis The blue

figure is a dilation image

of the black figure for a

dilation with center y4.

scale factor. Explain and correct their errors.

A. B.

Practice and Problem-Solving Exercises

Practice The blue figure is a dilation image of the black figu

MATHEMATICAL

PRACTICES

re. The labeled point is the

center of dilation. Tell whether the dilation is an enlargement or a reduction.

Then find the scale factor of the dilation.

7.

A 6

8. 9.

^ See Problem 1.

10.

13.

11. •

-6

4

-2

y

-

X

0 1 2 1I ?

14.

m

12. • •

\ '

" \ V

y\

X

-2 , 0 3 [

y

15. y

-4

\ — l\ '\

! \ \ X

-6 -4 -2 0

590 Chapter 9 Transformations

• Find the Images of the vertices of APQR for each dilation. Graph the image. ^ See Problem 2.

16. D^iAPQR)

4 y: Q

i

i X

0

"2

1

_' P ^ 5 \P

17. DioiAPQR)

Q 1 j__"_ y; 2

\

\ \ 0 X 1 '

..I3 ^1 :R

18. D3iAPQR) 4

0 y

-1 i

X

0 \l 2

.

^ Apply

Magnification You look at each object described in Exercises 19-22 under a

magnifying glass. Find the actual dimension of each object.

19. Ihe image of a button is 5 times the button's actual size and has a diameter of 6 cm.

20. The image of a pinhead is 8 times the pinhead's actual size and has a width of

1.36 cm.

21. The image of an ant is 7 times the ant's actual size and has a length of 1.4 cm.

22. Ihe image of a capital letter N is 6 times the letter's actual size and has a height of 1.68 cm.

^ See Problem 3.

Find the image of each point for the given scale factor.

23. L{-3, 0); Dg (L) 24. Ni-4, 7); Dq 2 (N)

26. Ha, -2);Di{F) 3

27

25. A{-6, 2);Di.5(^)

28. q(6,^);Dv6(Q) Use the graph at the right. Find the vertices of the image of QRTW for a

dilation with center (0,0) and the given scale factor.

29. i 30. 0.6 31. 0.9 32. 10 33. 100

34. Compare and Contrast Compare the definition of scale factor of a dilation to the definition of scale factor of two similar polygons. How are they alike? How are they different?

35. Think About a Plan Ihe diagram at the right shows ALMN and its image AL 'M'N' for a dilation with center P. Find the values of

X and y. Explain your reasoning.

• What is the relationship between ALMN and AL'M'N'l

• What is the scale factor of the dilation?

• Which variable can you find using the scale factor?

36. Writing An equilateral triangle has 4-in. sides. Describe its image for a dilation with center at one of the triangle's vertices and scale factor 2.5.

1 y 'W —

i\

— \ 1

r- '

'0 2 i * 1 1 1 1

(2y - 60)

c PowerGeometry.com Lesson 9-6 Dilations 591

• Coordinate Geometry Graph MiVPQ and its image M'N'P'Q' for a dilation with

center (0,0) and the given scale factor.

37. M(l, 3), N(-3, 3), P{-5, -3), Q(-l, -3); 3 38. M(2. 6), N(-4,10), PC-4, -8), Q(-2, -12); \ 39. Open-Ended Use the dilation comm

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