# matlab

### Modern control: Solutions & state transition matrices

Monday, Sep 24, 2018 | 2 min read
Categories: Engineering,
Tags: Matlab, Control Systems,
The state equation for a linear time-invariant system: $$x’(t) = A x(t) + B u(t)$$ Can be solved for $x(t)$. We collect all terms in $x$: $$x’(t) - A x(t) = B u(t)$$ Multiply equation by $e^{-At}$ $$x’(t) e^{-At} - A x(t) e^{-At} = B u(t) e^{-At}$$ Using product rule $d(f;g) = f;dg + g;df$, where: To give: $$\frac{d}{dt} (e^{-At} x(t)) = B u(t) e^{-At}$$

### Modern control: State space equations

Monday, Sep 24, 2018 | 3 min read
Categories: Engineering,
Tags: Matlab, Control Systems,
In modern control approaches, systems are analyzed in time domain as a set of differential equations. Higher order differential equations are decomposed into sets of first order equations of state variables that represent the system internally. This produces three sets of variables: Input variables are stimuli given to the system. Denoted by $u$. Output variables are the result of the current system state and inputs. Denoted by $y$. State variables represent the internal state of a system which may be obscured in the output variables.

### Classical control: Transfer functions

Friday, Sep 21, 2018 | 4 min read
Categories: Engineering,
Tags: Matlab, Control Systems,
A transfer function relates the output of a system to its input when it is represented in the Laplace domain. An assumption is made that initial steady-state response is 0. If $Y(s)$ is the output of a system, $X(s)$ is the input, then the transfer function is: $$H(s) = \frac{Y(s)}{X(s)}$$ Example - A Car A car as a system: The input is the acceleration. The output is the total distance travelled.

### Control Systems: Overview

Monday, Sep 10, 2018 | 4 min read
Categories: Engineering,
Tags: Matlab,
A primer for classical control theory.
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