# Writing Proportions 3.4 by hii38383

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```									  English      Spanish

3.4              Writing Proportions

How can you write a proportion that solves
a problem in real life?

1              ACTIVITY: Writing Proportions
Work with a partner. A rough rule for ﬁnding
the correct bat length is “The bat length should
be half of the batter’s height.” So, a 62-inch-tall
batter uses a bat that is 31 inches long. Write a              2x
proportion to ﬁnd the bat length for each given
batter height.
a. 58 inches
x
b. 60 inches
c. 64 inches

2            ACTIVITY: Bat Lengths
Work with a partner. Here is a more accurate table for determining the bat
length for a batter. Find all of the batter heights for which the rough rule in
Activity 1 is exact.

Height of Batter (inches)
45 – 48   49 – 52    53 – 56   57 – 60   61 – 64   65 – 68    69 – 72 Over 72
Under 61      28       29         29
61–70        28       29         30        30
Weight of Batter (pounds)

71–80        28       29         30        30        31
81–90        29       29         30        30        31        32
Bat length

91–100       29       30         30        31        31        32
101–110       29       30         30        31        31        32
111–120       29       30         30        31        31        32
121–130       29       30         30        31        32        33        33
131–140       30       30         31        31        32        33        33
141–150       30       30         31        31        32        33        33
151–160       30       31         31        32        32        33        33       33
161–170                31         31        32        32        33        33       34
171–180                                     32        33        33        34       34
Over 180                                              33        33        34       34

116     Chapter 3                                    Proportions and Variation
English   Spanish

3     ACTIVITY: Writing Proportions
Work with a partner. The batting average of a baseball player is the number of
“hits” divided by the number of “at bats.”

Hits (H)
Batting average = —
At bats (A)

A player whose batting average is 0.250 is said to be “batting 250.”

Actual hits
20 hits                 250 hits            Batting 250
— = 0.250 = —
80 at bats             1000 at bats          out of 1000
Actual at bats

Batting average

Write a proportion to ﬁnd how many hits H a player needs to achieve the
given batting average. Then solve the proportion.
a. 50 times at bat; batting average is 0.200.
b. 84 times at bat; batting average is 0.250.
c. 80 times at bat; batting average is 0.350.
d. 1 time at bat; batting average is 1.000.

4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you write a proportion that solves
a problem in real life?
5. Two players have the same batting average.

At Bats          Hits        Batting Average
Player 1        132            45
Player 2        132            45

Player 1 gets four hits in the next ﬁve at bats. Player 2 gets three hits
in the next three at bats.
a. Who has the higher batting average?
b. Does this seem fair? Explain your reasoning.

Use what you discovered about proportions to complete
Exercises 4 –7 on page 120.

Section 3.4         Writing Proportions   117
English       Spanish

3.4         Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

One way to write a proportion is to use a table.

Last Month             This Month
Purchase                2 ringtones            3 ringtones
Total Cost               6 dollars               x dollars

Use the columns or the rows to write a proportion.
Use columns:

2 ringtones    3 ringtones
Numerators have the same units.
—=—
6 dollars      x dollars
Denominators have the same units.

Use rows:

2 ringtones    6 dollars
—=—
3 ringtones    x dollars
The units are the same on
each side of the proportion.

EXAMPLE               1     Writing a Proportion
A chef increases the amounts of ingredients in a recipe to make
Black Bean Soup                     a proportional recipe. The new recipe has 6 cups of black beans.
1.5 cups black beans                Write a proportion that gives the number x of tomatoes in the
0.5 cup salsa                       new recipe.
2 cups water
1 tomato                            Organize the information in a table.
2 teaspoons seasoning
Original Recipe           New Recipe
Black Beans               1.5 cups                 6 cups
Tomatoes                 1 tomato               x tomatoes

1.5 cups beans   6 cups beans
One proportion is —— = ——.
1 tomato       x tomatoes

1. In Example 1, write a different proportion that gives the
Exercises 8 –11               number x of tomatoes in the new recipe.
2. In Example 1, write a proportion that gives the amount
y of water in the new recipe.

118      Chapter 3            Proportions and Variation
English   Spanish

EXAMPLE            2     Solving Proportions Using Mental Math
3   x
Solve — = —.
2   8

Step 1: Think: The product of 2                     Step 2: Because the product of
and what number is 8?                               2 and 4 is 8, multiply the
numerator by 4 to ﬁnd x.
3 × 4 = 12

3      x                                               3     x
—=—                                                    —=—
2      8                                               2     8

2×?=8                                                  2×4=8

The solution is x = 12.

EXAMPLE            3     Solving Proportions Using Mental Math
In Example 1, how many tomatoes are in the new recipe?

1.5    6             cups black beans
Solve the proportion — = —.
1     x
tomatoes

Step 1: Think: The product of                       Step 2: Because the product of
1.5 and what number is 6?                           1.5 and 4 is 6, multiply the
denominator by 4 to ﬁnd x.
1.5 × ? = 6                                        1.5 × 4 = 6

1.5       6                                           1.5        6
—=—                                                   —=—
1        x                                            1         x

1×4=4

So, there are 4 tomatoes in the new recipe.

Solve the proportion.
Exercises 16–21            5    20                             7    14                            21       x
3. — = —                           4.   —=—                      5.        —=—
8    d                              z    10                            24       8

6. A school has 950 students. The ratio of female students to
48
all students is —. Write and solve a proportion to ﬁnd the
95
number f of students that are female.

Section 3.4      Writing Proportions        119
English                  Spanish

3.4                       Exercises
Help with Homework

1. WRITING Describe two ways you can use a table to write a proportion.
x       3
2. WRITING What is your ﬁrst step when solving — = — ? Explain.
15       5
3. OPEN-ENDED Write a proportion using an unknown value x and the
ratio 5 : 6. Then solve it.

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Write a proportion to ﬁnd how many points a student needs to score on the test to get
the given score.
4. Test worth 50 points; test score of 40%           5. Test worth 50 points; test score of 78%
6. Test worth 80 points; test score of 80%           7. Test worth 150 points; test score of 96%

Use the table to write a proportion.
1              8.                 Game 1         Game 2             9.                       May            June
Points          12              18                   Winners              n             34
Shots           14              w                    Entries             85            170

10.                      Today        Yesterday          11.                       Race 1        Race 2
Miles           15              m                    Meters              100           200
Hours          2.5              4                    Seconds              x            22.4

12. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in writing the proportion.

✗          Dollars
Monday
2.08
Tuesday
d       2.08
—=—
d
16      8
Ounces           8             16

13. T-SHIRTS You can buy three T-shirts for \$24. Write a proportion that gives the
cost c of buying seven T-shirts.
14. COMPUTERS A school requires two computers for every ﬁve students. Write
a proportion that gives the number c of computers needed for 145 students.
15. SWIM TEAM The school team has 80 swimmers. The ratio of 6th grade
swimmers to all swimmers is 5 : 16. Write a proportion that gives the
number s of 6th grade swimmers.

120                  Chapter 3       Proportions and Variation
English    Spanish

Solve the proportion.
1       z                                3     12                                   35        7
2   3 16. — = —                                  17. — = —                                 18. — = —
4      20                                4      y                                   k         3

15        45                             b      5                                   1.4        g
19. — = —                                  20. — = —                                 21. — = —
8          c                             36     9                                   2.5       25

22. ORCHESTRA In an orchestra, the ratio of trombones to violas is 1 to 3.
a. There are nine violas. Write a proportion that gives the number t of
trombones in the orchestra.
b. How many trombones are in the orchestra?

23. ATLANTIS Your science teacher has a 1 : 200 scale model of the Space Shuttle
Atlantis. Which of the proportions can be used to ﬁnd the actual length x of
Atlantis? Explain.

1         19.5      1     x             200       x           x     1
—=—                 —=—                  —=—                  —=—
200         x       200   19.5           19.5      1          200   19.5

19.5 cm

24. YOU BE THE TEACHER Your friend says “48x = 6 12.”               ⋅                           6
Solve — = —.
12
Is your friend right? Explain.                                                              x       48

25.                   There are 180 white lockers in the school. There are
3 white lockers for every 5 blue lockers. How many lockers are
in the school?

Solve the equation.             SECTION 2.5
x                                                                                                      x
26. — = 25                    27. 8x = 72                    28. 150 = 2x                 29. 35 = —
6                                                                                                      4

30. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which is the slope of a line?                       SECTION 3.2
change in y                change in x                    change in x                        change in y
A      —                   B      —                        C     —                         D        —
1                          1                          change in y                        change in x

Section 3.4         Writing Proportions                121

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