# Basic physics concepts for engineering

Basic Physics Concepts for Engineering

### Forces and Motion

• Force is a push or pull that can change the state of motion of an object.
• Friction: Resistance found when one body is sliding or has the potential to slide along another.
• Gravity: The force that objects exert on each other because of their masses. It causes objects to fall towards the Earth and gives things weight.
• Weight is the force of gravity on an object; calculated by multiplying the object’s mass by the acceleration due to gravity.
• Speed: The rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate.
• Velocity: The rate of change of displacement. It is a vector quantity with both direction and magnitude.
• Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity per unit of time.

### Electricity and Magnetism

• Current: The flow of electric charge around a circuit.
• Voltage: The potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field.
• Resistance: The ability of a substance to impede the flow of an electric current causing a conversion of electrical energy into heat.
• Magnetism: A physical phenomenon caused by the motion of electric charge, resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between objects.
• Electromagnetic Induction: Generation of electric current in a conductor by varying the magnetic field passed through the conductor.

### Energy and Work

• Energy: The capacity of a system to perform work.
• Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion computed as 1/2 the product of mass and velocity squared.
• Potential Energy: Stored energy resulting from position or state of an object.
• Work: The product of a force on an object and the distance the object moves in the response to the force.
• Power: The rate of doing work or the amount of energy transferred per unit time.

### Properties and Behavior of Matter

• Mass: The quantity of matter contained by an object.
• Density: The mass per unit volume of an object.
• Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
• Pressure: The force exerted per unit area.

### Light and Sound Waves

• Sound Wave: A wave of compression and rarefaction, by which sound is propagated in an elastic medium such as air.
• Light Wave: An electromagnetic wave that is visible to the human eye.
• Reflection and Refraction: The change in direction of a wave at a boundary, and the change in direction of a wave as it changes speed by moving from one medium to another.

By revising these basic principles, you’ll develop a stronger foundation in physics which plays a crucial role in understanding, designing, and evaluating engineering systems.
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