How to format your references using the Parkinsonism and Related Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Parkinsonism and Related Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
[1]
P. Tammaro, Journal club. A physiologist notes the similarities between animal and plant electricity, Nature. 458 (2009) 11.
A journal article with 2 authors
[1]
S.D. Levitt, J.A. List, Economics. Homo economicus evolves, Science. 319 (2008) 909–910.
A journal article with 3 authors
[1]
S. Chakravarty, H.-Y. Kee, K. Völker, An explanation for a universality of transition temperatures in families of copper oxide superconductors, Nature. 428 (2004) 53–55.
A journal article with 4 or more authors
[1]
A.V. Molofsky, R. Pardal, T. Iwashita, I.-K. Park, M.F. Clarke, S.J. Morrison, Bmi-1 dependence distinguishes neural stem cell self-renewal from progenitor proliferation, Nature. 425 (2003) 962–967.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
[1]
K.H. Michaelian, Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2005.
An edited book
[1]
K. Suzuki, K. Ishii, S. Sakurai, S. Sasaki, eds., Plantation Technology in Tropical Forest Science, Springer, Tokyo, 2006.
A chapter in an edited book
[1]
K.S. Hu, L.B. Harrison, Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx, in: J.J. Lu, L.W. Brady (Eds.), Decision Making in Radiation Oncology, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011: pp. 75–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Parkinsonism and Related Disorders.

Blog post
[1]
E. Andrew, Breathtaking 3D Model Of The Pillars Of Creation, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/breathtaking-3dimensional-model-pillars-creation/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
[1]
Government Accountability Office, Comments on S. 1961, a Bill Cited as the “Higher Education Amendments of 1980,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
[1]
E. Murphy-Perez, Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) Grown Silica Nanowires as the Interface for Biorecognition Molecules in Biosensors, Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
[1]
S. Kercher, From Metaphysical to Mainstream, New York Times. (2015) ST10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleParkinsonism and Related Disorders
AbbreviationParkinsonism Relat. Disord.
ISSN (print)1353-8020
ScopeGeriatrics and Gerontology
Clinical Neurology
Neurology

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