Planning Library Programs for Children with Special Needs 2011

Planning Library Programs
for Children with Special Needs
2011
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Message from City Librarian
Toronto Public Library champions the principles of equity and social justice.
Recognizing that children with special needs are often forgotten or overlooked, it has
embarked on an initiative to enhance the services offered to this community. Already a
leader in the area of early childhood literacy, the Library determined that children with
special needs deserve an equal opportunity to be supported in developing early reading
skills, and their needs could be better served by developing collections, programs and
services for them.
The outcome of a pilot project funded by SOLS, this resource guide, with its suggestions,
program ideas and resource lists, serves as a starting point for those who wish to provide
story time programs for children with special needs and their families.
The Library aims to be a warm and welcoming place for all families, and accessibility to
all is a priority. Most branches are wheelchair accessible. All have computers with screen
magnification software and reading aids, such as magnifiers. Books, music and movies
are available in both regular and special formats.
In most of TPL’s branches, Ready for Reading storytimes introduce children and their
parents to six preliteracy skills through books, song, rhyme, fingerplays and play.
Families learn how to build reading readiness through fun, everyday activities at home
and at the library. This resource guide suggests ways in which Ready for Reading
programs can be adapted for children with special needs.
Jane Pyper
Chief Librarian
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Table of contents
1. Message from City Librarian
2. Ready for Reading at Toronto Public Library
3. Introduction
4. Planning a program
5. Sample programs
6. Booklist
7. Tips and inspiration
8. Equipment and props
9. Resource list
10. Community Partners
Appendices:
A. Sample of TPL Accessibility Services brochure
B. Materials provided by our training partners
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Ready for Reading is the name of Toronto Public Library’s set of programs, services and
resources for children from birth to five years of age. The initiative emphasizes the
importance of early literacy and teaches parents and caregivers how to encourage the
development of important pre-reading skills in their children through easy, everyday
activities at home. During the course of this project, the participants explored ways to
create Ready for Reading storytimes that were inclusive of all audiences.
The Ready for Reading philosophy shapes all library services for children five and under.
• Storytimes. Free storytimes introduce children and their parents and caregivers to
six reading readiness skills in a fun and stimulating way.
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•
•
•
•
•
Collections. Books that are especially suitable for building reading readiness are
identified with stickers in branches, and noted in booklists.
Outreach. A campaign to introduce kindergarten children to the library includes
information specific to reading readiness.
Non-traditional outreach. Ready for Reading presentations are made to caregivers
at community agencies, workplaces and childcare centres. Storytimes are brought
to those children who cannot come to the library.
KidsStops. Interactive early literacy centres which build reading readiness
through active play have been opened at four TPL branches, and more are being
planned.
Website. Kids’ Space, the library’s website for children 12 and under, includes
Ready for Reading information for parents and caregivers.
http://kidsspace.torontopubliclibrary.ca
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Introduction
Our Shared Stories: Writing the Future of Toronto’s Library Toronto Public Library
Strategic Plan 2008-2011 articulates a strategic priority of engaging diverse communities
based on the principles of equity and social justice. With a focus on promoting greater
participation in library programs and services and a commitment to support the
development of early reading skills, the Library has determined that children with special
needs could be better served by developing collections, programs and services.
In Toronto, community partners are asking the Library to provide programs and services
for children with special needs and their families, and its own staff is asking for training
and resources to meet these requests. With additional training, TPL can begin to provide
services for children with special needs in the branches and in partnership with local
service agencies, City departments and other groups.
Toronto Public Library, a leader in early literacy through its Ready for Reading
programs, already offers many strong literacy and cultural programs for children of all
ages. It offers quality collections and expertise in children’s programming and is
experienced in serving the diverse needs of the city. The Library is well positioned to be
a leader in providing innovative programs for children with special needs and in creating
welcoming and inclusive environments for families whose children have special needs.
Removing barriers to physical access to libraries for patrons with disabilities is only the
first step in making sure libraries are welcoming spaces. TPL is not alone in addressing
the need for service to children with disabilities. There are many examples of how
libraries around the world are exploring ways to modify traditional services to reach
those with disabilities. Adaptive technologies such as print magnification, DAISY
talking books, audiobooks, closed caption and descriptive DVDs, text-to-voice databases
and book kits (books with CDs) for all ages allow these patrons access to computers,
books, movies and other library materials. In Sweden, many libraries have an “Apple
Shelf” of books with pictograms and bliss symbols, video books in sign languages for the
deaf, tactile picture books for children with visual impairments. (AFLS guidelines for
Library Services to Babies and Toddlers, section 4). The Miami-Dade Public Library
System in Florida has instituted a Braille Literacy Initiative, one component of which is a
deposit collection of board and picture books in Braille for children. In the United States
some libraries, including the Brooklyn Public Library, have gone so far as to create
centres specifically for children with special needs.
The focus of this guide is to provide a starting point for librarians who are planning early
literacy programming for children with special needs, who may include but are not
limited to those with autism, developmental delay, ADHD, blindness and deafness.
Data from the Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) 2006 conducted by
Statistics Canada show that “among children aged 0 to 4, developmental delay is the
most common disability. In 2001, 68% of children with a disability, nearly 18,000, had a
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developmental delay, representing 1.1% of all children aged 0 to 4. In this group, 59%
had a delay in their intellectual development, 54% a delay in their physical development
and 38%, another type of delay such as speech difficulties.”
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-577-x/4065023-eng.htm
For children aged 0 to 4, the PALS identified the following five types of disabilities:
hearing, seeing, chronic health conditions, delay, and other. For children aged 5 and
over, the PALS identifies ten types of disabilities, substituting more specific types of
disabilities for developmental delay, namely disability related to speech, mobility, agility
or a psychological condition, as well as learning and developmental disabilities. For
further information on the different types of disabilities among children, see the Statistics
Canada website:
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-628-x/2007002/4125020-eng.htm
While all children can benefit from practices promoting early childhood literacy, few
families with children with special needs attend regularly scheduled library storytime
sessions. The reasons they would not attend may be anticipated: poor or erratic behaviour
by the child, fear of judgment by library staff and other parents, and the lack of
knowledge and sensitivity by library staff when choosing materials, resources and
activities appropriate for the child’s needs. Parents, caregivers and the children need to
know that their differences will be accepted and that they will be treated with dignity and
respect.
In the library, staff without experience in conducting programs for children with special
needs may feel uncomfortable in meeting requests from these clients; reluctance can be
overcome with training and experience. The members of the project team set about to
create and present a series of programs specifically geared to children with special needs,
reporting on their experiences, and drawing on them to compile some useful tips. Experts
were brought in to provide some background and training specific to the kinds of
programs that were planned. In addition, the Library is committed to providing staff with
opportunities for additional professional development.
An important step for library staff seeking to create appropriate programs is to learn
about the variety of disabilities that can afflict children, and the ways their particular
needs can be met. Library staff can draw on the knowledge and expertise of experts in the
field, including parents and caregivers, educators and community partners.
Open communication among all partners is needed to improve the services that can be
provided. Some parents are strong advocates for their children, and will press for
inclusion and other services. For other parents, overcoming their reluctance to be open
about their child’s challenges may be the first obstacle that needs to overcome. It may
take time to gain the confidence of a parent who is already aware that their child is seen
as different.
Creating or adapting programs for children with special needs can be another challenge,
mostly because of the great variety of different abilities that may be encountered. Each
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child’s needs are unique. While some children may be included in a regular storytime
program, in some cases, to ensure the dignity of the child with special needs, a separate
or specialized program may be necessary (Guidelines on Accessible Education, OHRC,
2004; rev. 2009). Flexibility and adaptability are the keystones of planning programs for
children with special needs, and communication with the parent or caregiver is essential.
Allow parents to choose a developmentally appropriate program for their child. The
child’s social or cognitive level might not match their age level. It is a good idea to ask in
advance if special accommodations need to be made.
The sample programs contained in this document are based on the experiences of project
members who conducted story time sessions with local groups. Suggestions for adapting
programs come from their experiences, from the advice of experts who shared their
expertise with us, and from professional literature. The storytime foundation is Ready for
Reading,
Outreach
Promoting programs for children with special needs can be especially challenging: how
do you reach those who have not historically visited the library? Reach out to support
groups, parent associations, local agencies, Early Years Centres and community centres,
as well as the usual advertising outlets such as the library website and community
newspapers.
You may wish to refer to the Government of Canada publication A Way with Words and
Images: Suggestions for the portrayal of people with disabilities (2006) when advertising
your programs, to ensure that what you have written is respectful.
http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/disability_issues/reports/way_with_words/way_with_words.
pdf
Support
The library supports the needs of parents and professionals by being a repository of
reliable information. A wealth of information in books, periodicals and databases is
available for those seeking to learn more about disabilities, diagnoses and methods of
treatment. Libraries could also make screening tools available to visiting families.
Screening tools such as the Nippissing District Developmental Screen or the Toronto
Preschool Speech and Language Services Communication Checklist could be completed
by families and help identify areas of concern, thus leading to early diagnosis – and
treatment – of problems.
Community partner
As an active member of the community each library branch also serves as an information
hub, able to gather and disseminate information about local resources and agencies. It can
act as an important point of contact for families looking for support in the area. In its
function as a meeting place, the library can offer space for support groups and other
associations engaged in helping those with special needs. By displaying books and other
materials on the subject, libraries can promote awareness and sensitivity in the
neighbourhood.
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Bibliography
Albanese, Sarah. Everyone is welcomed at the Library! EP Magazine. April 2008, pp. 2224.
American Library Association. Tip Sheet 5: Library Accessibility: What You Need to
Know: Children with Disabilities.
http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/ascla/asclaprotools/accessibilitytipsheets/tipsheets/5%
20Children%20with%20disa.pdf (Dec. 9, 2010)
Crowther, Ingrid. Inclusion in early childhood settings: children with special needs in
Canada. Toronto, Pearson, 2006.
D’Orazio, Antonette K. Small Steps, Big Results: Preparing a Story Time for Children
with Special Needs. Children and Libraries, 5, No. 3, Winter 2007, pp. 21-23.
Halvorson, Holly. Asperger’s Syndrome: How the public library can address these
special needs. Children and Libraries, 4, no. 3, Winter 2006, pp. 19-27.
IFLA Professional Reports. Nr 100 Guidelines for Library Services for Babies and
Toddlers, 2007
Klein, M. Diane, Ruth E. Cook, and Anne Marie Richardson-Gibbs. “Supporting
emergent literacy in children with special needs,” in Strategies for including children
with special needs in early childhood settings. Delmar/Thomson Learning, 2001. Online:
http://www.wadsworthmedia.com/marketing/sample_chapters/827383525_ch13.pdf
Smith, Tom E. C. et al. Teaching students with special needs in inclusive settings. 2nd
Can. Ed. Toronto: Pearson, 2005
Twarogowski, Tricia Bohanon. Programming for Children with Special Needs, (Five part
blog) http://www.alsc.ala.org/blog/?p=800 (Dec.3, 2010)
A Way with Words and Images: Suggestions for the portrayal of people with disabilities.
Government of Canada, Human Resources and Skills Development.
http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/disability_issues/reports/way_with_words/way_with_words.
pdf , 2006.
Willis, Clarissa. Creating inclusive learning environments for young children. Thousand
Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 2009.
Willis, Clarissa. Teaching young children with autism. Beltsville, MD: Gryphon House,
2006.
Winzer, Margret. Children with exceptionalities in Canadian classrooms. 7th ed. Toronto:
Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004.
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Wojahn, Rebecca Hogue. Everyone’s Invited: Ways to make your library more
welcoming to children with special needs. School Library Journal. Feb. 2006, pp. 46-48.
Zambone, Alana M. And Jami L. Jones. Special Ed 101 for school librarians. School
Library Monthly. Vol. XXVI, No. 6. Feb. 2010, pp. 19-22.
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Planning a program
Some background information can help you tailor the program you are planning to the
needs and abilities of the children and will help you make appropriate decisions when
selecting books, songs and activities for the group. For example, a teacher of a group of
children with Down syndrome said that the children preferred natural depictions of
animals over illustrations of animals in clothing. Knowing about certain behaviours in
advance is also very useful, and together with the caregiver you can work out strategies to
accommodate the children’s specific needs. Asking questions in advance will allow you
time to have available adaptive tools and technologies, such as books with tactile features
for the sight-impaired or chairs for children with poor muscle tone.
Some questions to ask parents or caregivers
•
How old is your child?
•
What is your child’s cognitive age?
•
How does your child communicate? Does he or she understand what is being
said? Can they express themselves – With language? With gesture? With eyes
only?
•
Are there any behavioural issues the program leader should be aware of? Can
your child sit still, or does he or she need to move around?
•
Is your child sensitive to loud noises, bright lights or touch?
•
Are there any medical issues the program leader should be aware of, such as
problems with hearing or sight?
•
Are there any mobility issues? Is your child in a wheelchair? Are there any
physical limitations to his or her ability to participate in activities?
•
Can your child sit on the floor, or does he or she require a chair or assistive
device?
•
Has your child attended similar programs in the past? How did it go?
•
What does your child like to read? What are some of his or her interests?
•
Does your child have a favourite topic we could incorporate?
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Sample programs
Research shows that you will need to be flexible, adaptable, and proactive in providing
programs for children with special needs. Inspect your space continually for barriers to
access. How can the library be made more welcoming? Learn about your clients, drawing
on the expertise of others. An informed understanding of the problems faced by patrons,
both parent and child, allows you to take the steps necessary to make the library a
sanctuary for them. Adaptations for children with special needs may benefit all children.
For some people with special needs, the library may become a lifelong haven, a place
where they can feel safe.
Planning a program for children with special needs is challenging and rewarding. The
range of abilities and disabilities is too broad to predict. For that reason, it is essential to
confer with the parents, caregivers or teachers of the children in your program to find out
as much as possible about the children and their abilities and limitations. It pays to do
some reading about the disabilities you will encounter in the group. Knowing more about
autism, for example, will allow you to modify your program in ways that will allow the
child with autism to better enjoy it. Such modifications are not difficult, and will
probably benefit everyone. For example, one caregiver recommended that the program
leader slow down somewhat so that the children had little more time to look at the
pictures before going on the next page.
The sample programs that follow are all based on the Ready for Reading format, adapted
for a variety of audiences, from a large group of preschoolers containing only a few
children with special needs, to a group home for adults with developmental delays. All
the participants found that having a series of programs, rather than a standalone program,
allowed both the program leader and the participants to become more comfortable.
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Program 1
Group description: Children who are developmentally delayed or autistic, attending a
summer camp
Diana Olford
Start by introducing yourself to the group; wear a nametag with your name in large, bold
block letters. Make sure you wear the same nametag every week.
Tell the children what you will be doing in the storytime. Use picture cue cards; for
example, if you will be starting with a song, hold up a picture of a musical note and tell
them that this represents a song. You might say, “We will be singing a song,” (hold up
music cue card); “then reading a story,” (hold up picture of book with STORY printed
underneath); “and then a fingerplay” (picture of two hands, fingers splayed). Many
children with autism spectrum disorders are much more comfortable when they know
what to expect, and developmentally delayed children are less likely to act out if they
know what is coming next.
Have a flipchart nearby with your cue cards attached (Velcro dots can work for this). If
you have the time to prepare these, a photocopy or printout of the cover of the book(s)
you will be reading is helpful as well.
Start with a simple action song; for example, “Shake Your Sillies Out”. This song works
for kids who are in wheelchairs or have other physical limitations. A song like “Head and
Shoulders” can be adapted so the caregiver is tapping the body part on the child if the
child does not have the motor skills to do this on his or her own. Use the same opening
song every week.
Hold up the cue card that shows a story, then read a bright, colourful story that is not too
fanciful. Examples are: Hooray for Fish! and Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You
See? Whenever possible, use the big book format if you have it. Practice dialogic
reading. You may not get a response from the children; simply answer yourself and carry
on. It is helpful for the parents to realize that it is quite acceptable to interrupt the story
for discussion and that if their children want to discuss a story when they are reading to
them at home, they should in fact be supportive of the behaviour. Kids may become more
responsive as time goes on and they become familiar with you.
Hold up the cue card that shows fingerplays, and then do “Tommy Thumb is up” or
“Where is Thumbkin”. Use a CD if you prefer not to sing; for example, Tickles and
Tunes by Kathy Reid Naiman has lots of simple action songs.
Alternate stories, rhymes and songs as you would in any storytime, but be sure to let the
children know what is coming up next. Be flexible and prepare to switch gears if
necessary; if any of the children are having a particularly bad day, you may need to
shorten the session. Conversely if the kids are attentive you may want to add a story or
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two. It is quite acceptable to repeat a story, even within the same session; many children
with autism thrive on repetition, and it can be useful to model this for the parents.
Always finish with the same closing song or ritual. Chants can be very popular, as the
children may enjoy rhythm and repetition.
For children who have hearing disabilities, remember that TPL has assistive devices
available. You may be able to use a microphone, or use a sign language interpreter who
can sign the stories as you tell them. Again, use materials that are bright and colourful,
enunciate clearly and make sure that you face children without blocking your mouth
(don’t hold the book in front of your face). Hearing impairments can vary in degree of
severity. If a child cannot hear at all, your books and props will assume even greater
importance.
For children who are visually impaired, again depending on the degree of impairment, it
can be important that they are seated close to you and that your books are colourful and
large. If a child is completely blind, you will have to use your voice entirely to convey
the “magic” of the book; as a storyteller would. Using books that have tactile elements
like Pat the Bunny would be great, as would using props like stuffed animals, or plastic
animals to do “Old Macdonald Had a Farm.”
While there is by no means a universal formula, remember that children with special
needs are simply children. Programs that work for most children, like Ready for Reading
storytimes, work for special needs kids too, with some simple variations to allow for their
individual needs.
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Program 2
Group Description: Five boys of kindergarten age, all with autism and some
developmental delays. One or two could read.
1. Opening song: If you’re happy and you know it
2. Name song. We did this every week even though there were only a few children.
3. Book: Harry the Dirty Dog by Gene Zion
4. Song: I have a dog and is name is Rags (with puppet)
5. Action rhyme: Zoom, zoom, zoom
6. Songs (with shakers):
Jingle Bells
Twinkle,Twinkle Little Star
Alligator Song
7. Book: Dear Zoo by Rod Carter
8. Rhyme: Grey squirrel, grey squirrel, shake your bushy tail
9. Book: What do Wheels Do All Day? by April Jones Prince
10. Closing song: Skinnamarink
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Program 3
Group Description: Teenagers, aged 13 – 19 years; pre-school cognitive level. Some of
the group are aware of their age and look to more mature interests. They are a mix of
different needs, with some being verbal and others non-verbal.
1. Opening song: Shake your sillies out
2. Rhyme: Two little blackbirds
3. Book: Bear Snores On by Karma Wilson
4. Song: Old MacDonald had a farm
5. Book: Shark in the Park by Nick Sharratt
6. Book: Seals on the Bus by Lenny Hort
7. Song: If you’re happy and you know it
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Program 4
Group Description: Five classes which ranged from pre school to primary (chronological
ages); 4 classes were entirely preliterate, one class was slightly higher functioning with a
few early readers. All the children were developmentally delayed, with some having
other challenges, one entire class of children were in wheelchairs and there were a couple
with hearing impairments. Most of the children in wheelchairs were non-responsive and
very low functioning.
1. Opening song: Shake Your Sillies Out
2. Book: Barnyard Banter by Denise Fleming
3. Song: Roly Poly
4. Book: Where is the Green Sheep? by Mem Fox
5. Book: Peek a Moo by Marie Cimarusti
6. Song: Tommy Thumb is up
7. Book: Dear Zoo by Rod Campbell
8. Closing Song: If you’re happy and you know it
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Program 5
Group Description: Elementary school children from 5 to 11 years old. Cognitive age
varied – most were at a pre-school level, but some were more high-functioning, and could
read and understand more sophisticated concepts. A few of the children had multiple
developmental delays, while the majority had some form of autism. All of the students
communicated in English.
1. Opening songs:
It’s Time To Say Hello
If You’re Happy and You Know It
These Are My Glasses (Laurie Berkner)
2. Book: Dinosaurs, Dinosaurs by Brian Barton
3. Rhymes/songs:
Slippery Fish
The Elephant
Open Them Shut Them
4. Book: The Seals On The Bus by Lenny Hort
5. Rhymes/songs:
Five Green Speckled Frogs
Red Says Stop
Wiggle Your Fingers
6. Book: Maisy’s Twinkly Crinkly Fun Book by Lucy Cousins
7. Good-Bye songs:
Twinkle, Twinkle
It’s Time To Say Good-Bye
8. Craft: Dinosaur Finger Puppet:
http://www.sproutonline.com/sprout/print/printasset.aspx?id=80891433-e5dc4a49-9644-9c0a00db65ea
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Program 6
Group Description: An integrated group of 25 preschoolers aged 2 to5 years. There were
four or five participants with special needs including autism, developmental delays, etc.
1. Opening:
I Wake Up My Hands
Five Fat Peas
Open Them, Shut Them
2. Book: From Head to Toe by Eric Carle
3. Rhymes:
Itsy Bitsy Spider – with puppet
Twinkle, Twinkle
4. Book: Dinosaur vs. Bedtime by Bob Shea
5. Songs:
Hurry Hurry Drive the Fire Truck
Wheels on the Bus
6. Rhymes:
Finger Family
Roly Poly
7. Book: Go Away Big Green Monster! by Ed Emberley
8. Goodbye:
Tony Chestnut
Zoom Zoom Zoom
Bye Bye Bubbles – children say goodbye by popping the bubbles
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Program 7
Group Description: A class of six children aged four and five, all with Down syndrome.
All were English-speaking. One to three teachers would stay in the program with me.
1. Opening: Hello everybody and how are you (repeated with all the children’s
names)
2. Fingerplay: Little Peter Rabbit (with rabbit puppet)
3. Song: Shake your sillies out
4. Book: Go Away, Big Green Monster! by Ed Emberley
5. Fingerplay: Eensy, weensy spider. And also Great, big spider
6. Fingerplay: Roly Poly
7. Book: First the Egg by Laura Vaccaro Seeger
8. Felt board story/song: Old McDonald had a Farm
9. Book: The Wheels on the Bus by Paul O. Zelinsky
10. Action rhyme: Zoom, zoom, zoom
11. Action rhyme: Sleeping Bunnies
12. Closing song: The more we get together
13. Closing song: Now it’s time to say goodbye (song to the tune of London Bridge)
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Program 8
Group Description: “Dad and Me” is a new, drop-in program offered by OEYC to serve
the dads in the community. The age range is from birth to approx 4 years; all are
preliterate. There were two boys with autism and two other children with delayed speech.
There did not appear to be any language barriers until the final session. Many of the
children or their dads had not had prior experience with being read to or attending a
storytime. The video which accompanies this toolkit features this group. [Insert URL]
1. Opening song: If You’re Happy and You Know It
2. Fingerplay: Hickety pickety Bumblebee
3. Song: Shake my sillies out
4. Book : That’s not my dinosaur by R. Watt (Usborne touchy-feely books)
5. Rhyme: Humpty Dumpty
6. Book: Leo the Late Bloomer by Robert Kraus
7. Fingerplay: The moon is round
8. Book : Hockey Opposites by Per-Henrik-Gurth
9. Action song: Up Down, Turn Around
10. Rhyme: Traffic Lights
11. Closing song: If You’re Happy and You Know it
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Booklist
All of the titles listed below would be valuable in any Ready for Reading program. They
are also appropriate for use in programs with children with special needs. When we look
for titles to read in these sessions, it can helpful to be on the lookout for special features,
never forgetting that many books can excite and entertain on any number of levels. For
example, books that offer a variety of textures might be wonderfully stimulating for
children with visual and hearing impairments, as well as those with autism. For children
who have difficulty staying focused, there are books here that do not follow a storyline,
but rather encourage attention to one page at a time. Many of the titles could be useful in
groups that are composed solely of children with special needs or in integrated groups.
Repetitive texts may offer comfort to children with autism, providing them with added
elements of familiarity, but may, in addition, assist children with hearing loss to amplify
their understanding through repetition of concepts/sounds/words.
The titles listed below are suggestions – a starting point. Each one has an annotation that
is offered as a clue as to its value in a program. This is obviously not only a subjective
list, but also a compressed one. It is meant to be illustrative rather than definitive and can
be used together with the section on how to plan a story time program.
Ahlberg, Janet and Allan. Baby’s Catalogue. 1982/2005
Depicts familiar objects and activities.
Barry, Frances. Duckie’s Ducklings. 2005
Counting; simple storyline.
Brown, Margaret Wise. Goodnight Moon. 1947
Gentle, repetitive text stresses bedtime routine.
Brown, Margaret Wise and Stephen Savage. The Fathers are Coming Home. 2010
Repetitive; clear language.
Campbell, Rod. I’m Hungry! : a touch-and-feel book. 2003
Various textures add the sensory element of touch.
Carle, Eric. From Head to Toe. 1997
This is a large book with bright pictures and actions that children can do with the
story.
Carle, Eric. The Very Hungry Caterpillar. 1981
A simple, clear and repetitive story.
Cimarusti, Maria T. Peek-a-Pet! 2004
This repetitive, bright book is visually engaging. There are many books in this
series.
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Cottin, Menena. The Black Book of Colours. 2008
Braille
Cousins, Lucy. Hooray for fish! 2005
Bright and colourful.
Emberley, Ed. Go Away, Big Green Monster! 1992
Repetitive text; simple images; audience participation.
Fleming, Denise. Barnyard Banter. 1994
Bright pictures, and a chance to make lots of noise.
Fox, Mem. Where is the Green Sheep? 2004
Bright, simple pictures.
Freymann, Saxton. How are You Peeling: Foods with Moods. 1999
Uses photographs; humorous; emotions.
Girnis, Meg. ABC for You and Me. 2000
Uses photographs; clear.
Gravett, Emily. Dogs. 2009
Clear, repetitive text. Descriptive.
Gravett, Emily. Orange Pear Apple Bear. 2006
Clear, repetitive text.
Grover, Lorie Ann. Hug Hug! 2008
Simple and repetitive.
Horacek, Petr. Butterfly, Butterfly. 2007
A colourful book with repetitive text and a simple storyline.
Isadora, Rachel. Peekaboo Morning. 2002
Bright and repetitive.
Kachenmeister, Cherryl. On Monday When It Rained. 1989
Photographs of boy depict a variety of emotions.
Martin, Bill. Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What do You See? 1983
A bright, colourful book with repetitive text.
McQuinn, Anna. Lola at the Library. 2006
A simple storyline with clear and descriptive language.
Moses, Brian. Animal Pants! 2009
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Brightly illustrated rhyming book.
Murphy, Jill. Peace at Last. 1980
Repetitive story line with opportunities for audience participation.
Seder, Rufus Butler. Gallop! 2007
Seder, Rufus Butler. Swing! 2008
Seder, Rufus Butler. Waddle! 2009
Simple vocabulary, visually engaging.
Seeger, Laura V. First the Egg. 2007
Bright; repetitive.
Seuss, Dr. Yertle the Turtle. 1958
Feelings.
Sharratt, Nick. The Foggy, Foggy Forest. 2008
Black on white images. Children can guess what animal is coming.
Sharratt, Nick. Shark in the Park. 2002
Repetition, rhyme, anticipation.
Shaw, Charles. It Looked Like Spilt Milk! 1947
Repetition; audience participation; clear illustrations white on blue; works well as
a book or as a felt story.
Shea, Bob. Dinosaur vs. Bedtime. 2008
This book has very simple text and large pictures, and the children also get to roar
with the dinosaur.
Slonim, David. He Came With the Couch. 2005
Humorous; great for slightly older groups.
Stevenson, R. L. The Moon. 2006
Gentle poem.
Stickland, Paul and Henrietta. Dinosaur Roar! 1994
Bright, rhyming and repetitive.
Van Fleet, Matthew. Fuzzy Yellow Ducklings. 1995
Textures invite touching. Bright and clear illustrations.
Whybrow, Ian. Say Hello to the Dinosaurs. 2009
Rhyming. Illustrations incorporate textures. Bright illustrations.
Wilson, Karma. Bear Snores On. 2002
24
A simple story line, and it is fun to make the sound effects together.
Enhance the storytime experience by seeking out books to engage your audience.
Funding for this project allowed TPL to purchase a large number of Braille board books,
as well as books with added dimensions: texture, sound, even smell.
25
Tips and Inspiration
•
If your program is a regular Ready for Reading program that happens to include a
child with special needs, use the opportunity to learn from that child. Ask the
child’s caregiver about the child. If, for example, the child is non-verbal, ask the
caregiver for feedback. It may appear that the child is not absorbing anything,
while in fact the caregiver finds that the child is much calmer or more alert during
storytime.
•
If your group consists entirely of children with special needs, most likely you are
dealing with a school class or day care group. Here the teachers will be
invaluable. It can, however, be challenging to get the feedback you need because
teachers may be inclined to think in terms of teaching, rather than conveying the
joy of books and reading. Teachers worry, for example, about kids interrupting,
while program leaders often encourage interaction.
•
Keep it simple. If the group is developmentally delayed, gear your program for
their developmental age or stage, not their chronological age. Don’t worry that
they appear to be “too big” to be listening to toddler stories - that’s your
perception, not theirs!
•
It can be very difficult to do a great storytime when you are getting minimal
feedback; it may feel like you’re an actor without an audience. This is when you
need to dig deep and find that “Oscar” worthy performance within. Keep in mind
that quite likely the kids are absorbing far more than you think. Sometimes the
adults with the group can be lifesavers, giving the much needed feedback or at
least smiling at the funny books!
•
Use short books with lots of repetition and participation. Try big books, books
with large, bright pictures, textures, board books and pop-up books.
I read from two new tactile books … These had an almost magical effect on the
two hyperactive children who had spend the 10 previous minutes ricocheting from
one side of the room to the other. Their dads were so excited by the concept of
being able to feel different textures that they played a huge role in helping to focus
the attention of the boys, who finally seemed able to stand next to me and
concentrate on the contents.
Denise Drabkin, “Dad and Me,” OEYC
•
Plan to be at your storytime location a little before the scheduled starting time, so
that you can assess the venue and meet the participants. If you are going to an
outside location, try to schedule a visit just to meet the children and their
caregivers or teachers. Then, when you arrive for storytime, they already know
who you are.
26
I learnt that many autistic children do not handle new situations very well and that
their comfort level increases with familiarity. To that end, I made the decision to
arrive much earlier than the projected time the storytime was to begin. Thus I am
able to interact with the dads and the children, learning about the children’s
preferences (eg. who likes imaginative play, who is nuts about rainbows, etc.) and
subsequently incorporate these observations into the program.
Denise Drabkin, Dad and Me, OEYC
•
•
Announce what you are going to do next (Who wants to sing a song?) in the
storytime, so that children will not be surprised by any loud noises or sudden
changes. A storyboard is a useful tool that shows children what is going to happen
next. [See the video.[Insert URL]]
Repeating songs and rhymes each week will help the children be comfortable and
familiar with the words. Adding one or two new ones every other week will also
keep you (the storyteller) motivated. Repeated visits allow a rapport to build.
One of the most successful moments emerged in our seventh week. The
youngest student in the group has autism to the degree that it usually prevents
him from socializing with the other students. He regularly spends the session
at the back of the room with one of the assistants. At the seventh session, he
came right up to the front of the room where I was telling a story, sat down,
and listened intently. The teacher and assistants were really surprised and just
followed his lead. He remained sitting through the entire story, two songs, a
short rhyme, and part of another story before his attention lapsed. At the end
of the session, the teacher commented on how happy she was with his
progress, and how well he had responded to the storytime.
Diane Banks, junior school children with special needs
•
Flexibility is essential. Listen to your group. Your program may change
depending on the mood of the children. Always bring a few extra books, puppets,
bubbles, and props in case something does not work and you need a substitute.
Take your cues from the kids and their caregivers, don’t take anything personally,
and keep your sense of humour.
. Today’s program didn’t go as well as planned. One of the residents who has
Tourette’s Syndrome was having a really bad day. We could hear him through
the closed story room door yelling and screaming, and this was very distracting.
One of the aides said this particular resident had been acting up all day. The
storytime was OK but everyone seemed a bit on edge.
Even though all of the residents and aides were having an off day, they still were
happy to have me and participate in the storytime. I did my best to try and get
everyone’s spirits up by having them make their own noise with the maracas.
This is the first time in 8 sessions that something like this has happened. The
important thing to remember is try to adapt to the situation at hand.
Jesse Coker, A group of adults with special needs
27
•
Find opportunities to reassure parents that you are fine with behavioural patterns
their child might express. Before the program begins, tell parents that it is okay to
remove a very disruptive child until he or she has calmed down.
Students like to sit in the chairs, rather than on the floor, except one who lies down
throughout the session, and one who keeps wandering around. I learned that they
like to hold something. I have a set of puppets for the Old Macdonald song, we
always do it first. Each student receives one of the animal puppets, and I let them
hold it until the end of the class visit.
Grazyna Grochot, with a group of middle school children with special needs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Do some research – read up on the literature – to find out what others have done
before you and find out as much as you can about the group of children and their
needs.
Find out if the children can sit on the floor or if they need chairs or other support.
Many mobile children with special needs can take part better if seated on chairs
rather than the floor. If chairs are not available, a carpet square can delineate the
child’s “space.”
Consider adding pictorial signage to story time areas. Such signage would be
beneficial to all users.
Focus on abilities.
Adapt songs and rhymes so they include big hand or arm gestures.
Keep the group small.
Children prone to echolalia, which is involuntary, parrot-like repetition (echoing)
of a word or phrase just spoken by another person, may respond better to
whispering.
Tips for storytimes for children with autism spectrum disorders
• Treat misbehaviour matter-of-factly. Simply say it is against the rules. For an
autistic child, often a rule is a rule.
• You may have to redefine your ideas about what constitutes problem behaviour.
• Don’t insist on eye contact.
• Avoid touching.
• Follow the same routine with every storytime. Consistency and structure are very
important to many children with autism. If using music for transitions, use the same
song for each one, so that the child learns that the song is a cue for something new.
Other possible transitions include a soft chime or pointing to a picture (social
stories).
• Try using puppets – children with autism will often feel more comfortable talking
with an inanimate object than a new person.
Avoid bright lights, flashing lights and loud noises.
28
Equipment and props
The money supplied by the SOLS grant allowed the purchase of books and materials to
enhance library programs for children with special needs.
Item
Rhythmic chikitas
(mini maracas)
Supplier
Empire Music
www.empire-music.com
Purpose
Music and rhythm instruments
enhance any story time program.
Tambourine
Empire Music
www.empire-music.com
Scarves
Scholars Choice
www.scholarschoice.ca
Beanbags
Scholars Choice
www.scholarschoice.ca
Flannel board, 18” x
24”
Scholars Choice
www.scholarschoice.ca
Can be used by program leader to
accompany music, focus attention,
or provide sound effects for
storytelling.
Scarves can be used to encourage
movement, and to provide a silent
accompaniment to music, if noise is
an issue with participants.
For movement, balance,
coordination; might also be used as
a fidget toy
A handy prop in any storytime or
outreach presentation.
Felt story sets
Wintergreen
www.wintergreen.ca
To enhance storytelling.
Story glove
Wintergreen
www.wintergreen.ca
To enhance storytelling.
Puppets
Multiple sources
Mouse finger puppet
Carr McLean
www.carrmclean.ca
Puppets encourage imaginative
play; some children with autism
will respond more readily to a
puppet than to a person.
A small puppet is easy to bring
along on outreach visits.
Sensory balls
Scholars Choice
www.scholarschoice.ca
Teacher tote- plastic
box on wheels with
extendable handle
Carr McLean
www.carrmclean.ca
Ultimate carry-all
Lee Valley Tools
www.leevalley.com
A ball with surface interest can be
used as a fidget toy, or for
interactive play.
Handy for outreach.
Handy for outreach.
29
House of latches
Manipulative toy encourages fine
TFH Special Needs Toys
www.specialneedstoys.com motor coordination.
Pyramid of Play and
the Busy Play Cube
Brodart
www.brodart.ca
Tabletop pathfinder
Scholars Choice
www.scholarschoice.ca
Preschool lounger
Carr McLean
www.carrmclean.ca
Sitting wedge
Fidget toys
Story boards
Braille board books
6 ft. Parachute
Variety of activities to encourage
fine motor skills. Encourages
exploration and movement.
Manipulative to encourage
coordination.
Some children may need extra
support when sitting on the floor.
May be used with parent and child
together.
TFH Special Needs Toys
Some children prefer the tactile
www.specialneedstoys.com stimulation of the sitting wedge;
encourages the child to stay in one
spot.
Mothercraft provided a
Children sometimes have trouble
variety of small, hand-held regulating their attention and
toys that can be purchased emotions in group situations. Fidget
at toyshops and dollar
toys help them focus and
stores.
participate. Let the child choose
from a variety of small
manipulatives, and clearly explain
the rules for their use.
Software for creating story A visual representation of a series
boards is available, but a
of events often helps a child with
basic storytime set is easily autism cope with change.
made with clip art.
Seedlings Braille Books for These books can be used for a child
Children
with sight impairment, and also add
www.seedlings.org
a tactile element that other children
find intriguing.
Scholars Choice
Good for coordination; visual
www.scholarschoice.ca
stimulation; a way to focus
attention; participants do not need
to be mobile to use them.
30
[The participants] were wondering why they were moving seats, but once I
took out the parachute and a small beach ball they were very excited. I
placed the handles in each of their hands and right away they started
making the parachute move. I told them the object of the game was to keep
the ball inside the parachute as the music was playing. I wasn’t sure how
this would work (if they were able to understand, as some are at different
levels) but once I started the music I’ve never seen participants so excited!
They formed teams on their own and even if the ball fell out, the
participants, aides or I would quickly grab the ball and place it back in the
centre. They were having such a good time that I repeated the song 3X and
by the end of it everyone was so happy.
Jesse Coker, with a group of adults with a variety of special needs
31
Resources for children with special needs and their families
Listed below are a few directories in Toronto and Ontario with services and information
for families with special needs children.
Specific agencies and organizations have not been listed to prevent leaving any out, and
to avoid providing broken links to agencies that may no longer exist.
City of Toronto: Services for Children With Special Needs
http://www.toronto.ca/children/specialneeds/index.htm
Help! We’ve Got Kids: Special Needs
http://www.helpwevegotkids.com/35/1/146/special_needs_general.html
Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services: Special Needs
http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/topics/specialneeds/index.aspx
Surrey Place Community Resource Directory for Children and Adolescents with ASD
and their Families in Toronto
http://www.surreyplace.on.ca/News-And-Publications/Pages/Publications.aspx
To locate more information on the internet, try using a search engine like Google.ca, or
Bing.com, and typing in search terms such as, “special needs children” or “services for
children with special needs”. You may also limit your search by including the city,
province or country where you live among your search terms.
Alternatively, to search for a particular disability, submit the name of the disability, such
as autism or spina bifida, in the search engine to find more results.
32
Community partners
We would like to extend our thanks to the following groups for participating in our
project:
Albion Child Care Centre
1545 Albion Road
M9V 1B2
Centennial Infant and Child Centre
1580 Yonge Street,
Toronto, ON M4T 1Z8
http://cicc.ca
Ontario Early Years Centre
332 Consumers Road, Toronto
M2J 1P8
416-496-2601
http://www.ontarioearlyyears.ca
Surrey Place Centre
2 Surrey Place
Toronto, ON M5S 2C2
Phone: (416) 925-5141
Fax: (416) 923-8476
http://www.surreyplace.on.ca
Toronto Catholic District School Board
• Holy Child Catholic School
• St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic School
http://www.tcdsb.org
Toronto District School Board
• Greenholme Junior Middle School
• Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute
• Scarborough Village Alternative Public School, Developmentally Delayed
Summer School Program
• West Humber Collegiate Institute
http://www.tdsb.on.ca
Toronto Preschool Speech and Language Services, Toronto Public Health
416-338-8255 (voice)
416-338-0025 (TTY)
[email protected]
Vita Community Living Services of Toronto
33
4301 Weston Road
Toronto, ON M9L 2Y3
www.vitacls.org
Yes I Can Nursery School
100 Ranleigh Ave.
Toronto, ON
M4N 1W9
416-486-4911
www.yesicannurseryschool.com
Additional training provided by
Mothercraft:
Through unique service collaborations, comprehensive programs, and flexible and
responsive approaches, Mothercraft’s early childhood intervention programs deliver
interventions to support young children with established special needs and their families,
or those whose development may be at risk due to biologic and psychosocial risk
conditions including parental substance use problems and related issues, such as domestic
violence and mental health problems.
CITYKIDS, one of Mothercraft’s early intervention programs, is a network of agencies
working together to provide single point access, coordinated intake and service delivery
to children with special needs and their families. They serve children from birth to 6
years of age, and children from 6 to 12 years of age attending childcare, who reside
within the Greater Toronto Area.
Mothercraft - CityKids
32 Heath Street West
Toronto, ON M4V 1T3
(416) 920-3515
http://www.mothercraft.ca/index.php?q=citykids
ConnectABILITY
TPL staff were introduced to ConnectABILITY, a website and virtual community
dedicated to lifelong learning and support for people who have an intellectual disability,
their families and support networks. The website provides self-directed access to valuable
information and tools. Content is provided by a wide array of community partners.
www.ConnectAbility.ca
34
Colleen Didur
Colleen Didur is a music therapist and early childhood music educator. In her workshop
for library workers she provided advice to help staff run inclusive programs for children
with special needs, gave some practical advice about how to handle behaviours of
children with special needs, and showed how to turn theory into practice when adapting
programs.
Colleen Didur
Music Therapist and Early Childhood Music Educator
416-364-9413
[email protected]
Sara Bingham
Sara Bingham is the founder of WeeHands, a sign language and language development
program for babies, toddlers and preschool children.
WeeHands instructors teach parents how to use American Sign Language vocabulary
with their babies. There is a strong focus on language development. Parents are provided
with activities that help them teach their babies ASL vocabulary and with language
development strategies.
http://www.weehands.com
Ada Vermeulen Spanjaard
Ada Vermeulen is an Orff music instructor and a member of the Early Childhood Music
Association of Ontario. Ada demonstrated how to use a book or story as a starting point
for music and action. In the Orff approach to music, each child is an active participant in
an integrated, guided process, one which allows for differing musical abilities.
The Orff philosophy combines the elements of speech, rhythm, movement, dance, and
song. And at the heart of all this is improvisation - the instinct children have to create
their own melodies, to explore their imaginations.
35
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