Business and Economic Horizons

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  • Publisher

    Prague Development Center


    Prague Development Center
    Innovation and Technology Management Academy 




    Digital preservation

    Prague Development Center as a research publisher explores and market digital preservation approaches and strategies to enhance the trust of academia and social community to e-content of the publisher’s journals. Further extending participation in indexing and archiving agencies remains today central way in providing digital preservation of research journals’ content. In the long term, the strategy is planned to affiliate with Portico service as a recent innovative initiative. Providing access to established electronic libraries is considered as the most attractive way to ensure the issue of preservation. The publisher believes that there are other growing opportunities on the market opening alternative ways to provide digital preservation. 

  • Aims and scope

    The Business and Economic Horizons (BEH) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high quality theoretical, empirical, and review papers covering the broad spectrum of research in areas of economics, business, management, and finance. The journal aim is to bridge the gap between the theory and the observed data in these constantly developing domains. BEH Editorial Board welcomes the high-quality original research articles and review papers that verify the well-grounded and the emerging theories by employing the econometric, statistical methods or other relevant empirical methods in theoretical and applied economic analysis.  BEH does not discriminate articles utilizing the non-mainstream approaches such as experimental research, institutional analysis, other variations of heterodox and developmental economic studies. Therefore, the submissions in any field of micro- and macroeconomics, business ethics, economic policy or finance are appropriate for this journal. We hope, the provided contributions will help to understand the contemporary challenges faced by the private and public sector and will establish an international forum of empirical research. 

  • Profile

    BEH belongs to those research periodicals that stick to open access model. BEH is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access. This model provides a greater reach of interested readers to the published articles.

    In the beginning, all volumes appear first as a list with titles of the papers. The names of the authors are hidden to preserve the anonymity during the peer-review process. At this stage, the articles can have relevant abstracts and keywords, but not a pdf documents in a final version. In this phase, papers were only selected and are pending for review and other editorial procedures. Articles in pdf are available for download only after final updating - when they already passed the whole editorial process and are agreed with the authors. When this process end, the link becomes active and pdf available for download.

    The journal publishes irregular (number of issues may range from 3-7 issues per year depending on the quality of submissions and number of finally accepted articles) online issues. 

    Important note for authors: Until the volume 10 (issue 4), the journal was published equally in electronic and hard print format. Since that volume, the main publication format is electronic/online [e-ISSN: 1804-5006].

  • Indexing


            


              
                

    The journal is indexed/registered/covered by the following services:

    Academic Journals Database, AgEcon Search, BASE, Bazekon, CEEOL, CEJSH, EBSCO Discovery Service, EBSCO Business Source Elite, EBSCO Business Source Premier, CABI, ERIH PLUS, ProQuest (Business Premium Collection), E-International Scientific Research Journal Consortium (E-ISRJC), Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB (Regensburg University Library), EconBiz, e-LIBRARY.RU, DOAJ (2010-2016), Gale, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Libsearch, Open J-Gate, RePEc, ResearchGate, Scopus (2013-2018), Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, VSL Open, The German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) ‒ Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology and University Library, Scilit, Open Access Library (OALib), ResearchBib, Web of Science Core Collection (Emerging Sources Citation Index), Web of Science Specialist Collection - CAB Abstracts

    We continue to work on indexation issue to provide international exposure of research papers published in our journals. However, sustaining in listings of top indexes imposes very high demands and special responsibility for the editors. This inevitably increases the time length needed for complex reviewing and analyzing the scientific articles received. We believe that indexation makes all articles well accessible and increases their potential impact on knowledge markets.

  • Impact

    Here you can find some information about the journal performance metrics: 

    Cited in Google Scholar 

    h-index 16
    i10-index 26  

    Index Copernicus Value

    ICV 2015: 87.75. Index Copernicus Value (ICV) is a measure used to rate scientific journals. 

    Secondary Composite Index Broadcasting 

    ICDS = 9.5
    The ICDS (Secondary Composite Index Broadcasting) is an indicator that shows the visibility of the journal in different scientific databases of international scope, or failing in repertoires evaluation of periodicals. 

    CitEc metrics

    Citations in Economics uses CiteSeer and ParsCit algorithms in the process of identification and parsing of references. It is a service sponsored by INOMICS. Data created by Citations in Economics is not intended for direct user access. Instead, it is made available to RePEc services so that they may improve their added value to the research community.

    Scimago Journal & Country Rank

    The SCImago Journal & Country Rank is a publicly available portal that includes the journals and country scientific indicators developed from the information contained in the Scopus® database (Elsevier B.V.).




  • Call for papers

    SHORT PUBLISHER NOTICE ON 2019 CALL FOR PAPERS

    In 2019 we accept original papers for review to publish in BEH, Volume 15.

    PDF call can be downloaded here.

    Electronic copies of paper must be sent to publications@pradec.eu

    The journal accepts applications throughout the calendar year. Full online publication of the conditionally accepted articles will take time (from 2/4 weeks up to 12 months after receiving). This process depends on how authors successfully meet all requirements for the content and quality of their articles. 

    ARTICLE TEMPLATE: You can download the 
    article template here

    ONLINE SUBMISSION TOOL: 

    Our preferable online submission link - BEH-APP .

    You can also try alternative link - BEH-PRADEC However, make sure that flash works in your browsers to guarantee delivery of the full articles and related documents as attachments.

    OTHER: We strongly advise you to comply with our article template and follow detailed instruction and guidelines on writing, formatting and online submitting of your research articles. GUIDE LINK 1   GUIDE LINK 2  


  • Call for reviewers

    IMPORTANT: This note can be somehow similar to other few journals of the publisher (Prague Development Center). Therefore, the text may partially or completely coincide with the requirements in other journals of the publisher - PIEB, ATI, and MHSJ. If you are interested in reviewing articles for PRADEC journals, we would like to invite your participation. Manuscript reviewers are vital to the publications process. 

    Call for reviewers

    The high-quality peer-review process is necessary for establishing the reputation of every scientific journal. Due to the increasing number of submissions, BEH Editorial Board announces the call for reviewers. We are looking for academic professionals specializing in various economic and finance areas. Therefore, if you would like to share your professional opinion and have an impact on BEH development please fill in the survey and send it to publications@pradec.eu.

    Requirements

    - Possess a doctoral degree in economics/finance or related discipline;
    - Be fluent in academic English;
    - Hold an academic affiliation;
    - Work effectively under tight deadlines;
    -To be selected as a reviewer, the candidate should have published articles in peer-reviewed journals. The experience of publishing of research papers facilitates producing a thorough review. The previous peer-reviewing experience is not a must though valuable. 

    What do we offer?

    Reviewing is voluntary. Publisher does not offer paid options to reviewers whilst it implements the open-access and affordable fee business model for authors. However, the publisher can offer credits to reviewers depending on their contribution and scale of participation.

  • Downloads
    BEH 2019 CALL FOR PAPERS
    BEH ARTICLE TEMPLATE
    BEH REVIEWER APPLICATION FORM
    DECLARATION OF CONTRIBUTION
  • Editors

    Publishing Editor  

    Prague Development Center, Czech Republic

    Editorial Board:

    Chief Editor 

    Orifjan Namozov, Innovation and Technology Management Academy (ITMA); Czech Republic

    Deputy Chief Editor 

    Paweł Dobrzański, Wroclaw University of Economics; Poland

    Section Editors 

    Karol Fjałkowski, Business Ethics, Institutional Economics. Wroclaw University of Economics; Poland

    Yasuo Hoshino, Quantitative Analysis of Corporate Mergers, Behavioral Analysis of International Joint Ventures. 

    Aichi University, University of Tsukuba; Japan

    Rafał Jakubowski, Micro- and Macroeconomics, Experimental Economics. Wroclaw University of Economics; Poland

    Paweł Kuśmierczyk, Mathematical Economics, Auction Theory. Wroclaw University of Economics; Poland

    Maureen Maloney, Pension Economics. National University of Ireland, Galawey (NUIG); Ireland

    Daniel Papla, Econometrics, Statistics. Wroclaw University of Economics; Poland

    Adalberto Rangone, Corporate Governance, Business Management. University of Pavia; Italy

    Tomasz Słoński, Corporate Finance, Financial Analysis, Financial Markets. Wroclaw University of Economics; Poland

    Komsan Suriya, Managerial Economics, Industrial Organization, Digital Economy. Chiang Mai University; Thailand

    Min-Teh Yu, Financial Institutions, Risk Management and Insurance, Derivatives Markets. National Chiao Tung University; Taiwan

    Statistical Editor

    Nargiza Alimekhamedova, CERGE-EI, Czech Republic

    Advisory Council

    Oscar Bajo-Rubio, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Spain

    Filip Chybalski, Lodz University of Technology; Poland

    Jurgen Conrad, Asian Development Bank; People's Republic of China

    Carmen Díaz-Roldán, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Spain

    Ryokichi Hirono, Seikei University; Japan

    Khaled Hussainey, Portsmouth University; United Kingdom

    Klimis Vogiatzoglou, Hoa Sen University, Faculty of Economics and Business; Vietnam

    Mario B. Lamberte, COMPETE, The Asia Foundation; Philippines

    Pacha Malyadri, Osmania  University, Andhra Pradesh; India 

    Petr Marek, University of Economics, Prague; Czech Republic

    Haitham Nobanee, College of Business Administration, Abu Dhabi University; U.A.E.

    Maria Piotrowska, Wrocław University of Economics; Poland

    Maia Pisaniuc, Academy of Economis Studies; Moldova

    Miroslav Tuček, University of Economics, Prague; Czech Republic

  • Guide to authors

    General notes

    • Business and Economic Horizons (BEH) accepts only the papers in the English language
    • Article previously published, those under consideration by another journal, and those with a pre-existing copyright may not be submitted. Authors must ensure that at least half of the paper contents or core idea has not been published anywhere else. In other words, authors should prove the considerable adjustment made and value added in their submissions.
    • Neither the Editorial Board nor PRADEC pays for unsolicited materials. The Editorial Board reserves the right to minor editorial corrections like abbreviations or changes in titles and sub-titles.
    • Any requests to add or to remove a co-author, to rearrange the co-author names must be sent to BEH by the Corresponding Author before the final acceptance by the Editorial Board. The eventual request must contain the explanation of the request together with the scanned confirmation signed by all of the co-authors. 

    Peer review procedures

    • Editors of Business and Economic Horizons (BEH) are committed to the highest standards of ethics in academic research and publishing. Ethical conduct in both writing and editing is necessary in order to provide the readers with accurate, useful and reliable scientific material, as well as to appropriately honor the credits of particular researchers and authors. Therefore, compliance with the following standards of publication ethics is required of all contributors of BEH, including authors, reviewers and editors. Violation of any of these standards by an author is a basis for rejection of his or her paper submitted for publication.
    • We recommend authors to carefully read the detailed description of the publication ethics, covering such sections as "Authorship and Co-authorship", "Quality of Published Work", "Reviewing and Editing". This information can be navigated on the journal's relevant section [PUBLICATION ETHICS].

    Peer review procedures

    • The corresponding author fills in the Online Submission form.
    • The BEH Editorial Board recognizes the phenomena of "ghostwriting" and "guest authorship" as the serious scientific misconduct. Moreover, the eventual financial support of any research institution or other entity to the paper creation needed to be revealed in the article acknowledgments "financial disclosure". Therefore the Corresponding author must fill in and sign the Declaration of contribution (in case there are two authors or more) which should be submitted together with manuscript using the Online Submission formAll detected cases of scientific misconduct will be documented and the appropriate institutions and entities will be notified. 
    • Ghostwriting - a substantial contribution to publication has been made, without revealing author’s participation, or without being mentioned in the acknowledgments enclosed to the paper. Guest authorship (honorary authorship) - the author's contribution is insignificant, despite of declaration.
    • The Editorial Board members make the initial screening of the submissions and inform the authors if the papers are suitable for the journals. After this initial acceptance, the reviewing process starts.
    • All of the contributions of the BEH are subject to a double-blind peer-review, which means that neither the author(s) nor the reviewers know the identity of the other. 
    • Every submitted paper is reviewed by at least two independent reviewers (outside of the authors' affiliated entity. Additionally, at least one of the reviewers is affiliated with a foreign institution relative to the nationality of the author(s). The reviews are in written form and contain a clear referees' statements concerning paper's publishing approval or its rejection
    • In case of minor revisions, the article is sent to the author(s) together with a referees opinions. The authors are asked to respond the referees' comments and make the appropriate adjustments in the text. Then, the authors send back the corrected version. 
    • The Editorial Board makes the final decision on publication.
    To sum up:
    • Step 1: Submission of one or two files using the Online Submission: a typescript and the Declaration of Contribution (if relevant).
    • Step 2: The initial screening by the Editorial Board.
    • Step 3: The double-blind review by at least two independent referees.
    • Step 4: The response to the reviews and eventual article corrections made by the author(s)
    • Step 5: The final decision of Editorial Board

    Sample article

    • Please read the following guidelines and use the sample article format for submission of your paper since only articles formatted accordingly may be accepted.

    Language

    • Articles must be written in English.

    Title

    • Concise and informative. Avoid abbreviations.

    Author names and affiliations

    • Full names should be provided. Please indicate affiliations of the author. Indicate the authors' affiliation addresses below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the Author's name and in front of the appropriate address.

    Contacts

    • Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.

    Abstract

    • A concise abstract should briefly state the purpose of the research and the main results. An abstract must be presented in English and separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone.

    Classification codes and keywords

    • Provide at least one standard JEL code and up to 5 additional keywords.

    Illustrations

    • Graphics should be done in MS Word and must be editable.

    Tables

    • Tables should be numbered consecutively in the text in Arabic numerals and printed on separate sheets. Any manuscript which does not conform to the above instructions may be returned for the necessary revision before publication.

    Footnotes

    • The use of footnotes should be kept to a minimum and numbered consecutively throughout the text with superscript Arabic numerals.
    References
    • Please refer to APA 6th citation style. While preparing your submission in MS Word we also strongly encourage to use the Citations & Bibliography tools. Link 1   Link 2
    • The following websites may be also useful while preparing the APA 6th style references: citationmachine.net, citethisforme.com
    The example references

    Article from journals:
    • Abdellaoui, M., Attema, A. E., & Bleichrodt, H. (2009). Intertemporal Tradeoffs for Gains and Losses: An Experimental Measurement of Discounted Utility. The Economic Journal,120(545), 845-866. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02308.
    Book:
    • Elton, E. J., Gruber, M. J., Brown, S. J., & Goetzmann, W. N. (2009). Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis (8th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
    Book chapter:
    • Chłoń-Domińczak, A., Franco, D., & Palmer, E. (2012). The First Wave of NDC Reforms: The Experiences of Italy, Latvia, Poland,and Sweden. In R. Holzmann, E. Palmer, & D. Robalino, Nonfinancial Defined Contribution Pension Schemes in a Changing Pension World: Volume 1. Progress, Lessons, and Implementation (pp. 31-84). Washington, DC: World Bank.
    Conference paper:
    • Bickmann, M. (2016). Factor Mobility and Non-Harmonized Public Pension Systems in Europe. Paper presented in 14th International Workshop on Pensions, Insurance and Savings, Paris.
    Report:
    • Fernandes, J. L. (2007). Risk Taking in Financial Markets: Behavioral Perspective Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6287466.pdf
    Newspaper:
    • Markoff, J. (2016, May 17). Want to Buy a Self-Driving Car? Big-Rig Trucks May Come First. The New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/17/technology/want-to-buy-a-self-driving-car-trucks-may-come-first.html?action=click&contentCollection=Business Day&module=RelatedCoverage®ion=EndOfArticle&pgtype=article
     
    Website:
    • Galouchko, K., & Kucukreisoglu, L. (2016, October 18). Poland Seeks to Lock in Low Yields Selling 30-Year Eurobond. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-18/poland-seeks-to-lock-in-low-yields-with-first-30-year-eurobond
    Working paper:
    • Debowicz, D., Saporiti, A., & Wang, Y. (2016). Redistributive Politics, Power Sharing and Fairness (LIS Working Paper Series , Working paper No. 681). Luxembourg Income Study
    Submission fee payment
    • Standard submission & service fee established for the 2019 year open-access publications is 375 Euro. 
    • The fee is subject to change considering the publisher occurring costs for sustaining and improving the open-access business model, as well as counting competitive publishing environment demanding to keep the high quality of international publication services. Changes in pricing happen only once per year, the fee is usually revised  1-2 months before the begining of the new calendar year.
    • The fee is due to pay only after accepting the paper by Editorial Boards and positive expertise review.
    • It is obligation and responsibility of an author to check the fee conditions to avoid the fee policy discussions after acceptance the article. Authors are responsible to read and accept fee (375 euro) payment obligations of the targeted journal. The website has clear information about publication fees and payment terms. When paper accepted and published the author is obliged to fulfill his/ her fee payment obligations in the shortest time after the invoice issued.
    • The fee provides compensation of a range services related with expertise, scientific and technical editing, online printing, electronic storing and web-managing. All papers are printed online (with corresponding online ISSN).

    Payments options

    • You will receive an invoice with several payment methods you can choose after the letter of acceptance. We use standard bank payments. 

    Important

    • Payments  must be done only after final letter of acceptance of a paper to publication.

    Electronic submission

    • Papers must be submitted electronically using Online Submission (preferred) or to the emails: beh@pradec.eupublications@pradec.eu. For any further information please contact us.

    Retraction or/and withdrawing of reviewed and published articles

    • The peer-reviewed and published articles cannot be retracted or withdrawn. If the article was officially submitted and accepted by editors after screening and reviewing, the withdrawal and retraction are not possible.  Accepted articles assume that our experts and reviewers could not identify problems with merits of a submitted article. After the positive initial screening and double-blind reviewing, every article is assigned with DOI.
    • However, editors do understand satisfaction concerns of an author and usually ask for describing the problem for further reviewer's examination and discussion. So, the one possible option is that it can be possible to make changes within the reasonable shortest time after online publication.  Another option, an author can write another article which should provide the follow-up review of errors/mistakes in a theoretical research or empirical model in the previously published article.
    • For more details please read terms and conditions which you officially accept when you send your articles to the editors' emails. It is a responsibility of an author to read instruction, conditions, and terms before the submission of an article.  These terms make retraction or removal impossible. Only editors and publisher make decisions after receiving the article regarding rejection, further update or publishing.
    • Information regarding the retraction and withdrawal conditions are available in the following sections of the core official page of the journal: - the section "Publication ethics"; the section  "Terms and Conditions"; the section "Guide to Authors".

  • Publication ethics

    Publication ethics

    Editors of Business and Economic Horizons (BEH) are committed to the highest standards of ethics in academic research and publishing. Ethical conduct in both writing and editing is necessary in order to provide the readers with accurate, useful and reliable scientific material, as well as to appropriately honor the credits of particular researchers and authors. Therefore, compliance with the following standards of publication ethics is required of all contributors of BEH, including authors, reviewers, and editors. Violation of any of these standards by an author is a basis for rejection of his or her paper submitted for publication.

    I.  Authorship and Co-authorship

    1. Authorship

    Authorship credit should be based on meeting the following criteria: 1) substantial contribution to the paper concept or design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or reviewing and introducing fundamental changes in it; 3) final approval of the version to be published.

    All persons designated as authors and co-authors should meet these criteria. As co-authors of a paper, there should be identified all persons who have made significant scientific contributions to the work reported, and who therefore share responsibility its content and results. Authors should also appropriately recognize the contributions of technical staff and data professionals. All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship (e.g. financial support) should be listed in the section “Acknowledgements” (financial disclosure). Editors retain the right to request information about the contributions of each person in writing the article. 

    Authors should also be aware that the following phenomena are the examples of scientific misconduct and must be avoided:

    Ghostwriting -  a substantial contribution to publication has been made, without revealing author’s participation, or without being mentioned in the acknowledgments enclosed in the paper.

    Guest authorship (honorary authorship) - the author's contribution is insignificant, despite declaration.

    A group of co-authors should jointly make the decision about the order in which their names are given. During manuscript submission, the submitting author must provide contact information (full name, email address, institutional affiliation and mailing address) for all of the co-authors. The author who submits the manuscript for publication accepts the responsibility of notifying all co-authors of the manuscript being submitted. The corresponding author must fill in and sign the Declaration of Contribution (in case there are two authors or more), which should be submitted together with the manuscript. 

    All detected cases of scientific misconduct will be documented and the appropriate institutions and entities will be notified.

    2. Sources of data and ideas

    Authors are required to faithfully acknowledge and identify contributions of other persons to their reported work as well as clearly identify sources of both data and ideas. Authors should cite all publications that have been important in the development of the submitted study and that will guide the reader to the earlier researchers that are essential for understanding the present analysis.

    Authors are required to make reasonable and diligent efforts to find, and then accurately cite original sources and publications. Authors should only present as reliable either personally verified or peer-reviewed sources of scientific data and literature.

    Authors must not engage in plagiarism or self-plagiarism. Plagiarism is verbatim or near-verbatim copying, or paraphrasing without due modification, of text, data, or other material containing results of another person’s work, without explicit identification of the source of such material. Similarly, self-plagiarism is replicating of the author’s own previously published text or results without acknowledgment of the source. Exercising care for publishing only original research, editors of BEH are committed to deterring plagiarism and self-plagiarism and may use special software to screen submitted manuscripts for similarity to the previously published material. The manuscripts may be screened during the whole editorial cycle, including submission process and until the final publication in the online form.

    3. Duplicate publications

    It is prohibited for an author to submit manuscripts describing essentially the same research to more than one journal of primary publication unless it is a resubmission of a manuscript rejected for or withdrawn from publication.

    II. Quality of Published Work

    1. Comprehensiveness of research and publications

    An author is required organize his or her paper so that it provides a well-rounded description of the examined issue.
    Fragmentation of research reports excessively consumes journal space and unduly complicates literature research, therefore authors are expected to avoid it whenever possible.

    2. Conflicts of interest

    Conflict of interest is a situation in which the process of research and publication may be corrupted or its results may be biased because of some other interests of its participants. It may concern any one or more of the participants of research and publication process – the author, the reviewer, or the editor. Conflicts of interest may occur for financial (e.g. employment opportunities, fees or other compensation arrangements, beneficial ownership of stock) or other reasons (e.g., personal relationships, pursuit of academic career, intellectual passion, political involvement etc.) that can reasonably be expected to influence motivations or results of actions of participants of the publication process.

    Conflicts of interest constitute a serious threat to the integrity and objectivity of both scientific research and publishing. Therefore best practice for authors, reviewers and editors alike, is to avoid conflicts of interest situations whenever possible.

    All participants in publication process who are in the situation of a conflict of interest must disclose this fact. Of special importance is that if the original research study reported in the manuscript or the preparation of the manuscript was supported by one or more grants, the title and number of the grant(s) and the name of the institution(s) that provided the grants or financial support to conduct, analyze or write-up the study, must be specified in the manuscript.

    Editors of BEH may use information disclosed in conflict-of-interest and financial-support statements as a basis for editorial decisions. The corresponding author must either notify the editor at the time of submission that there is no conflict of interest to declare, or fairly and effectively communicate all conflicts of interest, which will then be acknowledged in the published article.

    III. Reviewing and Editing

    1. Reviewing

    Business and Economic Horizons is a peer-reviewed journal. Submitted papers and short communication are evaluated by independent referees or Editorial Board members specialized in the article field. Paper reviews evaluate submitted material’s scientific significance and novelty, define it’s accordance to general journal profile, scrutinize its content for compliance with the journal’s publication ethics. After the refereeing process is complete, the paper may be rejected, returned to the author for revisions, or accepted for publication. 

    2. Editing

    The authors are responsible for the contents of their paper or short communication. Editors may request an author, when considered necessary, to elaborate on the content or technical details of the paper. Scientific editing might change the format and correct the writing to render it compliant with the editorial policy of the journal. 
    Pictures and graphs are special subjects to editorial consideration, as their quantity should be optimal and only necessary in the content of papers. Pictures, graphs and textual content alike are subject to ethical standards concerning authorship and integrity. Additionally, whenever images are included in accounts of research process or results, or in data collections, the author must provide an accurate description of how the images originated.

    3.Retraction or/and withdrawing of reviewed and published articles
     
    The peer-reviewed and published articles cannot be retracted or withdrawn. If the article was officially submitted and accepted by editors after screening and reviewing, the withdrawal and retraction are not possible.  Accepted articles assume that our experts and reviewers could not identify problems with merits of a submitted article. After the positive initial screening and double-blind reviewing, every article is assigned to DOI.
     
    However, editors do understand satisfaction concerns of an author and usually ask for describing the problem for further reviewer's examination and discussion. So, the one possible option is that it can be possible to make changes within the reasonable shortest time after online publication.  Another option, an author can write another article which should provide the follow-up review of errors/mistakes in a theoretical research or empirical model in the previously published article.
     
    For more details please read terms and conditions which you officially accept when you send your articles to the editors' emails. It is a responsibility of an author to read instruction, conditions, and terms before the submission of an article.  These terms make retraction or removal impossible. Only editors and publisher make decisions after receiving the article regarding rejection, further update or publishing.
    Information regarding the retraction and withdrawal conditions are available in the following sections of the core official page of the journal:
     
    - the section "Publication ethics"
    - the section  "Terms and Conditions"
    - the section "Guide to Authors"

  • Retraction policy

    IMPORTANT: This section describes principles and rules which can be somehow similar and/or common to other few journals of the publisher (Prague Development Center). Therefore, the text may partially or completely coincide with the requirements in other publisher's journals.

    As a publisher, we strive to prevent the occurrence of occasional and limited cases of retraction and withdrawal of the published articles. As the costs of securing retraction and withdrawal are high for the publisher. Effective screening, peer-reviewing, verifying authorship, and other preventive procedures usually help to minimize such rare cases in the publishing practice. Below are the important rules for retraction and withdrawal policies of the PRADEC Publishing. These approaches and rules may be revised, supplemented, amended, etc.

    Article retraction

    The publisher will follow the selected standards which have been developed by a number of library and scholarly bodies. Reasons for retraction can include infringements of ethical codes, multiple submission, false claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent, need to correct errors in submission or publication, other reasons as well. The publisher recognizes the retraction as an occasional feature in the academic publishing.

    The following actions will be made under retraction policy:

    - A retraction note titled “Retraction: [article title]” will be published in the separate article at the end of the related online issue
    - In the HTML version will the record [near the title] which can be e.g. as 'RETRACTED'
    - The PDF version of the retracted article can be preserved with some special note at the beginning of the article
    - The DOI and HTML links will be preserved.

    Article removal and/or withdrawal

    Article after the publication is not subject to removal, except for the sole discretion of the publisher. When editors screen, review and publish the article online or/end in print the article cannot be withdrawn until the decision of editors and publisher. The published articles go immediately to indexing archives and DOI depositories.
    Full rights for the removal of the publication of the article remain to the publisher. Retraction or removal of published article can arise in very rear and exceptional circumstances. Usually, it takes a long time to make a deeper analysis, examination of reasons and negotiations.

  • Online Submission
  • Contact

    Main office address

    Editorial and publishing department
    Prague Development Center s.r.o. 
    Pod Krejcárkem 975/2
    130 00 Praha 3 - Zizkov
    Czech Republic
    IČO:28970781 
    Zapsána v obchodním rejstříku, 
    vedeným Městským soudem v Praze oddíl C, 
    vložka 156803

    E-mail

    For communication related to submission of a paper please use:
    publications@pradec.eu or beh@pradec.eu
    You can use direct online contact form below

  • Terms and conditions

    THE AUTHOR AND COAUTHORS OF THE ARTICLE STRICTLY COMMIT TO THE POLICY OF EDITORS 
    BY ACCEPTING THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS
    • All rules and requirements relevant to the chosen type of submission are read and understood. Sending submission means accepted by the author/submitter all responsibility related to editorial and publishing conditions.
    • The primary version of the journal is the online version. Therefore, we do not send a printed copy to the author(s) of the published article. Publisher does not make profits via subscription or sales of print copies. The publisher offers the full content for free access to the public and without restrictions. 
    • Submission technical requirement is read and accepted in designing and preparing the research paper
    • Authors are responsible to read and accept fee payment obligations of the targeted journal. The website has clear information about publication fees and payment terms. When paper accepted and published the author is obliged to fulfill his/ her fee payment obligations in the shortest time after the invoice issued.  
    • Please note that scientific editing might change the format and correct the writing to make it conventional with editorial policy.
    • Responsibility for facts and opinions presented in the contents of journals, electronic and/or printed rests exclusively with the authors, other submitters if there is relevance. Their interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of publisher or editors, affiliated or partnering with journals and with authors institutions.
    • F.A.Q. must be visited if there is the additional reason for clarifying editorial policy. The editors can contact editors via email when it is accepted
    • Neither the publisher nor the editors can be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this journal.
    • Rejected manuscripts will not be returned to the author.
    • The submitted article after evaluation can be published in elaborating/projecting online issues which differ ahead/or back from the submission date up to 3-4 consequent issues or 6-12 months interval. Such delayed length in many cases could be related to the remained and unfinished work according to editorial requirements. 
    • When the paper is conditionally accepted and the fee is paid but the final work from the authors remains incomplete and unsatisfactory for reviewers, the publication is delayed until the final resolution. The process can take a time around 1-12 months. In case authors fail, due to various reasons, to match all requirements of reviewers and editors, the article is rejected. The paid fee is not refundable to the authors.
    • The version of an article which is published online is considered the final and complete version. Even though it is possible to correct this version, our policy (in common with other publishers) is not to do so, except in very limited circumstances. When the author wishes to update the published paper it can be possible within 4 weeks after publication. 
    • Article after the publication is not subject to removal, except for the sole discretion of the publisher. When editors screen, review and publish the article online or/end in print the article cannot be withdrawn until the decision of editors and publisher. The published articles go immediately to indexing archives and DOI depositories. 
    • Full rights for the removal of the publication of the article remain to the publisher. Retraction or removal of published article can arise in very rear and exceptional circumstances. Usually, it takes a long time to make a deeper analysis, examination of reasons and negotiations.
    • After receiving of the article editors and publisher usually publish immediately online the metadata. After screening and reviewing the full article can be published. The time length between submission and publication of metadata and the full article can be different and make hours, days or months. All this process is usually related to merits, quality of the paper, internal editorial processes, other factors. When necessary, the editors can issue proof of acceptance to the applied author.
    • The author is responsible for avoiding multiple submissions of the same article to other journals. PRADEC editors can charge authors for additional fees when it will be found that similar article was published in parallel. We can contact and inform the relevant journals about multiple practices of the author. When there are signs and suspicions about duplicate submission behaviour of the authors the publisher monitors periodically online during 12 weeks.
    • Website content, information, or terms and conditions may be revised without formal notice. We cannot guarantee that this website will be updated on a regular basis or otherwise provide the most current or accurate information that may be available.
    • No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

  • F.A.Q.

    How can I download a pdf file when pdf link on your site is inactive?

    In the beginning, all volumes appear first as a list with the titles of articles and authors. At this stage, the articles can have relevant abstracts and keywords, but not a pdf documents in a final version. In this phase, papers were only selected and are pending for review and other editorial procedures. Articles in pdf are available for download only after final updating - when they already passed the whole editorial process and are agreed with the authors. When this process end, the link becomes active and pdf available for download.

    How can I find the requirements and deadline for paper submissions?

    On the main page, you need to click on respective Call-for-paper link and the pdf will be downloaded. Please also check the page “Paper submission”.

    In what format should be the paper submitted to the journal?

    Please use the sample article format for submission of your paper since only articles formatted accordingly may be accepted. Every journal webpage contains the ready template which can be downloaded before submitting an article. 

    How long should the article be?

    The length of a paper varies from 10 pages to 40 pages. Specific length details can be found in pdf Call-for-papers that are easily downloadable from the homepage of the targeted journal.

    Is it possible to access published articles?

    You can easily download from our website the pdf version of published articles.

    Do you charge readers to access to publications?

    We do not charge any fees for access of readers to our journals and articles as we follow open access publication model.

    Do you charge authors for publications?

    We charge authors at optimal cost and in differentiated structure counting for costs necessary for expertise, reviews, editing, web-related services, promoting indexing and other related services. Please find more details in “Paper Submission”. Additional cost might be required to cover postal delivery and additional copies of printed journals.

    Authors submitting their articles accept responsibility for making the necessary fee payment arrangements. We may request, in case of need, the formal institutional letter when charges are to be paid by the institution.

    When should the author pay the respective fee for publication?

    Payments must be done only after the final letter of acceptance of a paper for publication. You will receive an invoice with several payment methods you can choose from the letter of acceptance.

    Do you send author(s) a hard copy of printed journal?

    The primary version of the journal is the online version. Therefore, we do not send a printed copy to the author(s) of the published article. Publisher does not make profits via subscription or sales of print copies. The publisher offers the full content for free access to the public and without restrictions. 

    Are your journals peer-reviewed?

    PRADEC offers peer-reviewed research journals and periodicals. Peer-reviewed journals represent conservative and conventional academic approaches in research publishing. They assume that paper must undergo scrutiny by anonymous or independent experts.

    Send us your article, we quickly review it if we think that we may send it to our reviewers, we may send it back with comments. If you accept those comments, we then send the article to reviewers and that is the moment you are required to pay the fee for publication in the reviewed journal.

    What type of articles do you accept for publications?

    We publish mainly research works which are descriptions of original research findings. Review articles which discuss and generalize findings of research works are also accepted. We do not publish book reviews.

    Are your journals registered with ISSN? 

    All our journals are entitled to respective ISSN codes. In case a journal has both ISSN and E-ISSN, it is published both in online and print. 

    Can I put charts in the article and what are requirements for their format?

    Pictures and graphs are special subjects for editorial consideration. We seek to keep their quantity optimal and only necessary in content. We kindly ask authors to provide us with black-and-white and editable (technically –to make necessary adjustments regarding formatting) charts, also black-and-white schemes or photos.

    If submitted paper, how it can be withdrawn by an author from the editorial cycle and online printing?

    Authors submitted their papers can withdraw their submissions within 2 subsequent calendar weeks. In case authors wish to withdraw paper her/his submission, they should notify in a formal way with explaining the reason to publications@pradec.eu Requests on submission withdrawal after 2 weeks until the online printing of a corresponding paper will cost to the applicant a withdrawal fee in the sum of 150 Euro. Any withdrawal letter after online printing of article is not acceptable. The very journal of the publisher can apply own retraction and withdrawal policies, therefore, it is advised to 

    DOI link does not work or it has a wrong content

    DOI numbers assigned to a fully published online article (HTML and pdf) can have the small time delay in DOI register. Please be patient if the DOI link does not find the requested/expected content in DOI register. Empty or wrong DOI links could happen during the DOI depositing and management process. You can contact us if at least one month passed after the online publication of an article.  

    Online HTML and/or text content of the article has errors

    Only author(s) may inform us about errors in the article. We ask our authors to explain clearly what a deviance and/or nonconformity has place comparing to the originally submitted article. Please be patient, editors will respond you in the quickest possible time.

    I am interested to be the reviewer. How to apply?

    The publisher welcomes the interest of motivated scholars wishing to develop their academic experience and background. Every journal should have a call for reviewers on the related webpage. The candidates should read the requirements and conditions before sending the application.

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