How to format your references using the Physics of the Dark Universe citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics of the Dark Universe. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
[1]
M. Chapuisat, Evolution. Smells like queen since the Cretaceous, Science. 343 (2014) 254–255.
A journal article with 2 authors
[1]
S.W. Liebman, J.E. Haber, Retrospective. Fred Sherman (1932-2013), Science. 342 (2013) 1059.
A journal article with 3 authors
[1]
C.-Y.T. Li, M.-M. Poo, Y. Dan, Burst spiking of a single cortical neuron modifies global brain state, Science. 324 (2009) 643–646.
A journal article with 4 or more authors
[1]
M.A. Becker, R. Vaxenburg, G. Nedelcu, P.C. Sercel, A. Shabaev, M.J. Mehl, J.G. Michopoulos, S.G. Lambrakos, N. Bernstein, J.L. Lyons, T. Stöferle, R.F. Mahrt, M.V. Kovalenko, D.J. Norris, G. Rainò, A.L. Efros, Bright triplet excitons in caesium lead halide perovskites, Nature. 553 (2018) 189–193.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
[1]
T.A. Ratliff, The Laboratory Quality Assurance System, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2005.
An edited book
[1]
I. Borg, Modern Multidimensional Scaling: Theory and Applications, Second Edition, Springer, New York, NY, 2005.
A chapter in an edited book
[1]
P. Aubert, D. Blanchet, D. Blau, Social Contract and Age at Retirement: Some Elements of a Franco-American Comparison, in: S. Pennec, J. Légaré (Eds.), Ages, Generations and the Social Contract: The Demographic Challenges Facing the Welfare State, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2007: pp. 115–153.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics of the Dark Universe.

Blog post
[1]
J. Davis, Predatory Cockroach From The Age Of The Dinosaurs Discovered Trapped In Amber, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/predatory-cockroach-discovered-trapped-amber/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
[1]
Government Accountability Office, Nanotechnology: Nanomaterials Are Widely Used in Commerce, but EPA Faces Challenges in Regulating Risk, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
[1]
B. Dickson, Yielding architecture: A manifesto for [urban + agri]culture, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
[1]
L. Conte, Scouting Report, New York Times. (2011) E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titlePhysics of the Dark Universe
ISSN (print)2212-6864
ScopeSpace and Planetary Science
Astronomy and Astrophysics

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