How to format your references using the Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
[1]
Weisel JW. Biophysics. Enigmas of blood clot elasticity. Science. 2008;320:456–457.
A journal article with 2 authors
[1]
Cameron R, Schüssler M. Solar physics. The crucial role of surface magnetic fields for the solar dynamo. Science. 2015;347:1333–1335.
A journal article with 3 authors
[1]
Niemeier D, Gombachika H, Richards-Kortum R. How to transform the practice of engineering to meet global health needs. Science. 2014;345:1287–1290.
A journal article with 4 or more authors
[1]
Nemazee D, Gavin A, Hoebe K, et al. Immunology: Toll-like receptors and antibody responses. Nature. 2006;441:E4; discussion E4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
[1]
Segura J, Hawkins CF. CMOS Electronics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.
An edited book
[1]
Nihoyannopoulos P, Kisslo J, editors. Echocardiography. London: Springer; 2009.
A chapter in an edited book
[1]
Chen Y, Wu F, Wang N, et al. KeJia-LC: A Low-Cost Mobile Robot Platform — Champion of Demo Challenge on Benchmarking Service Robots at RoboCup 2015. In: Almeida L, Ji J, Steinbauer G, et al., editors. RoboCup 2015: Robot World Cup XIX. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 60–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering.

Blog post
[1]
Andrew E. Climate Change Could Bring A Dramatic Increase In Lightning. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
[1]
Government Accountability Office. Airline Competition: The Average Number of Competitors in Markets Serving the Majority of Passengers Has Changed Little in Recent Years, but Stakeholders Voice Concerns about Competition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014. Report No.: GAO-14-515. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
[1]
Lai J-P. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome Ten (PTEN) As A Molecular Target in Lung Epithelial Wound Repair and Protection [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
[1]
(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Belarus: Journalists Sentenced. New York Times. 2002 Jun 25;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleInverse Problems in Science and Engineering
AbbreviationInverse Probl. Sci. Eng.
ISSN (print)1741-5977
ISSN (online)1741-5985
ScopeComputer Science Applications
General Engineering
Applied Mathematics

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