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Biographical social networks on Wikipedia

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It is arguable whether history is made by great men and
women or vice versa, but undoubtably social connections
shape history. Analysing Wikipedia, a global collective mem-
ory place, we aim to understanding how social interactions
are recorded across cultures. We focus on the social networks
of persons with biographical articles on the 15 largest lan-
guage Wikipedias. We detect the most influential historical
characters in these networks and point out culture-related
peculiarities. Moreover, we reveal remarkable similarities
between different groups of language Wikipedias and shared
knowledge about social connections across cultures.

Veröffentlicht in: Technologie, News & Politik
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Biographical social networks on Wikipedia

  1. 1. Introduction Results ConclusionsBiographical social networks on Wikipedia A cross-cultural study of links that made history Pablo Aragon, Andreas Kaltenbrunner, David Laniado and Yana Volkovich Social Media Research Group, Barcelona Media, Barcelona, Spain August 27th , 2012 WikiSym ’12, Linz, AustriaAragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  2. 2. Introduction Results ConclusionsOutline 1 Introduction Motivation Data extraction 2 Results Global network statistics Most central persons Similarity between languages 3 Conclusions Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  3. 3. Introduction Results Conclusions Motivation Data extractionOutline 1 Introduction Motivation Data extraction 2 Results Global network statistics Most central persons Similarity between languages 3 Conclusions Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  4. 4. Introduction Results Conclusions Motivation Data extractionMotivation Is history made by great man and women or vice-versa? Unclear, but undoubtably social connections shape history. Wikipedia as global collective memory place ... allows to extract from biographies how social links are recorded across cultures ... to generate networks of links between biographical articles. Research questions Who are the most central characters in these networks? Do culture related peculiarities exist? Which cultures are more similar? What is the shared knowledge about connections between persons across cultures? Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  5. 5. Introduction Results Conclusions Motivation Data extractionData extractionBuilding biographical networks for 15 language editions of Wikipedia Selected the 15 largest language editions of Wikipedias Starting point: 296 511 biographies from the English Wikipedia (from DBpedia) Identiﬁed the corresponding articles (when existing) on the remaining 14 languages Generated a directed network for each language version: nodes → persons edges → links between the articles of the corresponding persons Manage alternative titles of articles: track redirects Data collected through Wikipedia APIs between September 8th and 13th, 2011 Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  6. 6. Introduction Results Conclusions Motivation Data extractionRedirect statisticsDistribution of the number of redirects per biographical article in the English Wikipedia 5 10 Persons with most redirects: Muammar al−Gaddafi 251 Osama bin Laden 117 Barack Obama 114 4 Jesus 109 10 Elizabeth II 101 Eminem 96 Joseph Stalin 88 Omar al−Bashir 87 # articles 3 10 Genghis Khan 84 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 84 Athelred the Unready 83 George W. Bush 80 2 10 Mary (mother of Jesus) 80 1 10 0 # redirects per article 10 0 1 2 10 10 10 # redirects Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  7. 7. Introduction Results Conclusions Global network statistics Most central persons Similarity betweOutline 1 Introduction Motivation Data extraction 2 Results Global network statistics Most central persons Similarity between languages 3 Conclusions Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  8. 8. Introduction Results Conclusions Global network statistics Most central persons Similarity betweProperties of the different language networks Language code N K C % GC d r dmax English en 198 190 928 339 0.03 95% 6.53 0.17 43 German de 62 402 260 889 0.05 94% 6.83 0.14 33 French fr 51 811 283 453 0.06 96% 6.11 0.15 36 Italian it 35 756 190 867 0.06 95% 6.28 0.14 42 Spanish es 34 828 169 302 0.06 97% 6.29 0.16 36 Japanese ja 26 155 109 081 0.08 96% 6.47 0.20 26 Dutch nl 24 496 76 651 0.08 94% 7.91 0.18 37 Portuguese pt 23 705 85 295 0.07 94% 6.98 0.18 45 Swedish sv 23 085 60 745 0.07 91% 8.27 0.20 46 Polish pl 22 438 50 050 0.08 85% 8.94 0.16 43 Finish ﬁ 18 594 44 941 0.07 87% 7.80 0.17 30 Norwegian no 18 423 49 303 0.09 83% 8.31 0.22 48 Russian ru 16 403 34 436 0.06 87% 9.10 0.10 35 Chinese zh 11 715 44 739 0.17 91% 7.20 0.20 32 Catalan ca 11 027 42 321 0.09 93% 7.14 0.17 32 N, K → number of (not isolated) nodes and edges C → average clustering coefﬁcient GC → percentage of nodes in the giant component r → reciprocity d → average path-length between nodes dmax → maximal distance between two nodes in the network Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  9. 9. Introduction Results Conclusions Global network statistics Most central persons Similarity betweMost central persons in the English Wikipediasorted by in-degree. Ranks for out-degree, betweenness and PageRank in parenthesis person in-degree out-degree betw. PageRank George W. Bush 2123 89 (107) (1) 0.00209 (1) Barack Obama 1677 51 (710) (8) 0.00162 (2) Bill Clinton 1660 74 (205) (4) 0.00156 (4) Ronald Reagan 1652 90 (103) (2) 0.00156 (3) Adolf Hitler 1407 119 (26) (3) 0.00149 (5) Richard Nixon 1299 86 (127) (7) 0.00136 (6) William Shakespeare 1229 25 (4203) (63) 0.00113 (9) John F. Kennedy 1208 104 (53) (5) 0.00123 (8) Franklin D. Roosevelt 1052 71 (237) (15) 0.00131 (7) Lyndon B. Johnson 1000 106 (50) (12) 0.00108 (11) Jimmy Carter 953 80 (158) (9) 0.00113 (10) Elvis Presley 948 82 (142) (27) 0.00063 (24) Pope John Paul II 941 59 (444) (11) 0.00083 (18) Dwight D. Eisenhower 891 55 (564) (22) 0.00095 (14) Frank Sinatra 882 108 (47) (18) 0.00056 (28) George H. W. Bush 878 87 (118) (19) 0.00096 (13) Abraham Lincoln 846 54 (593) (40) 0.00089 (16) Bob Dylan 835 151 (11) (14) 0.00055 (30) Winston Churchill 748 84 (136) (10) 0.00092 (15) Harry S. Truman 743 81 (145) (24) 0.00099 (12) Joseph Stalin 723 69 (265) (43) 0.00089 (17) Michael Jackson 663 71 (237) (34) 0.00042 (51) Elizabeth II 653 52 (665) (6) 0.00074 (19) Jesus 572 38 (1595) (51) 0.00068 (20) Hillary Rodham Clinton 554 87 (118) (32) 0.00063 (25) Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  10. 10. Introduction Results Conclusions Global network statistics Most central persons Similarity betweMost central persons in different language WikipediasTop 5 most central persons for each language by betweenness lang #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 en George W. Bush Ronald Reagan Adolf Hitler Bill Clinton John F. Kennedy de Adolf Hitler George W. Bush Martin Luther King, Jr Barack Obama Frank Sinatra fr Adolf Hitler George W. Bush William Shakespeare Barack Obama Jacques Chirac it Frank Sinatra George W. Bush Pope John Paul II Michael Jackson Elton John es Michael Jackson Fidel Castro William Shakespeare Che Guevara Adolf Hitler ja Adolf Hitler Michael Jackson Ronald Reagan Yukio Mishima Barack Obama nl Elvis Presley Adolf Hitler Bill Clinton Joseph Stalin William Shakespeare pt Michael Jackson Richard Wagner Adolf Hitler Ronald Reagan David Bowie sv George W. Bush Winston Churchill Elizabeth II Michael Jackson Adolf Hitler pl Elizabeth II Pope John Paul II Margaret Thatcher George W. Bush Ronald Reagan ﬁ Barack Obama Adolf Hitler Michael Jackson George W. Bush Benito Mussolini no Marilyn Monroe Adolf Hitler John F. Kennedy Bob Dylan Bill Clinton ru William Shakespeare Napoleon II Kenneth Branagh Elton John Joseph Stalin zh Chiang Kai-Shek William Shakespeare Barack Obama Deng Xiaoping Adolf Hitler ca Adolf Hitler Che Guevara Juan Carlos I Michael Schumacher Juan Manuel Fangio Most are known to be (or have been) highly inﬂuential We ﬁnd political leaders, revolutionaries, famous musicians, writers and actors. Hitler, Bush, Obama dominate in almost all top rankings. Top ranked in many languages reﬂect country speciﬁties. Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  11. 11. Introduction Results Conclusions Global network statistics Most central persons Similarity betweLanguages similarity networkEvery language links to the two most similar ones according to Jaccard coefﬁcient Deﬁnition of Jaccard coefﬁcient J Given the set of links A and B of two networks |A ∩ B| J= |A ∪ B| J is the ratio between the number of links present in both networks (their intersection) and the number of links existing in their union. Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  12. 12. Introduction Results Conclusions Global network statistics Most central persons Similarity betweIntersection of networks in different languages . Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  13. 13. Introduction Results ConclusionsOutline 1 Introduction Motivation Data extraction 2 Results Global network statistics Most central persons Similarity between languages 3 Conclusions Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  14. 14. Introduction Results ConclusionsConclusions and future work Conclusions Global social network measures are largely similar for all networks. Most central persons unveil interesting peculiarities about the language communities. Networks are more similar for geographically or linguistically closer communities. Many connections which can be found in most of the analysed language Wikipedias. Future work Application of the methodology to generate subnetworks of other kinds of article categories Consider all biographies for each language. Analyse links missing only in a few language Wikipedias. Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia
  15. 15. Introduction Results ConclusionsQuestions? Aragon, Kaltenbrunner, Laniado & Volkovich Biographical social networks on Wikipedia

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