http://wikis.ala.org/seracqglossary/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Admin SerAcqGlossary - User contributions [en] 2014-04-21T16:56:50Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.19.2 http://wikis.ala.org/seracqglossary/index.php/M M 2011-04-25T18:53:28Z <p>Admin: </p> <hr /> <div>{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> | [[Main_Page]]<br /> | [[A]]<br /> | [[B]]<br /> | [[C]]<br /> | [[D]]<br /> | [[E]]<br /> | [[F]]<br /> | [[G]]<br /> | [[H]]<br /> | [[I]]<br /> | [[J]]<br /> | [[K]]<br /> | [[L]]<br /> | [[M]]<br /> | [[N]]<br /> | [[O]]<br /> | [[P]]<br /> | [[Q]]<br /> | [[R]]<br /> | [[S]]<br /> | [[T]]<br /> | [[U]]<br /> | [[V]]<br /> | [[W]]<br /> | [[X]]<br /> | [[Y]] <br /> | [[Z]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Machine readable codes - Printed codes on book and serial covers that can be read by machine. Such codes may identify ISBN, ISSN, or price. See also Barcodes, Dumb barcodes, and Smart barcodes.<br /> <br /> Macroform - A generic term for any medium, transparent or opaque, bearing images large enough to be easily read or viewed without magnification. Compare with Microform. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> Magazine - A periodical for general reading containing articles on various subjects by different authors. See also Journal and Periodical [ALA Glossary, modified]<br /> <br /> Magnetic Disk - On magnetic disks, data is encoded as microscopic magnetized needles on the disk's surface. You can record and erase data on a magnetic disk any number of times, just as you can with a cassette tape. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com)<br /> <br /> Main entry - The complete catalogue record of an item, presented in the form by which the entity is to be uniformly identified and cited. The main entry may include the tracings. See also Added entry. [AACR2, rev., modified]<br /> <br /> Management report - In libraries, a term used to describe various statistical and informational reports either produced locally by libraries or for libraries by vendors. Management reports typically are used in acquisitions and collection development and measure such functions as acquisitions work load, types and costs of materials ordered, and vendor performance.<br /> <br /> MARC - Machine-readable cataloging.<br /> <br /> MARC 21 - (Formerly USMARC and CANMARC) The MARC 21 formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form. The MARC 21 formats are maintained by the Library of Congress in consultation with various user communities. (The British Library: http://www.bl.uk/services/bibliographic/exchange.html)<br /> <br /> MARCXML schema - The Network Development and MARC Standards Office has developed a framework for working with MARC data in a XML environment. This framework is intended to be flexible and extensible to allow users to work with MARC data in ways specific to their needs. The framework contains many components such as schemas, stylesheets, and software tools developed and maintained by the Library of Congress. Conversion utilities between MARC (ISO 2709) and MARCXML are also available. (Library of Congress – Network Development and MARC Standards Office: http://www.loc.gov/marc/marcxml.html#marcxml)<br /> <br /> Mark-up Language - See DHTML, HTML, SGML, and XML.<br /> <br /> MARL format - A communications format developed by the Library of Congress for producing and distributing machine-readable bibliographic records on magnetic tape. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> Marking - 1. The placing of call numbers, location symbols, marks of ownership, etc., on books and other items in a library collection. 2. In serials work, the placing of a mark of ownership and indication of destination on each number or part as it is entered on the check-in record. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> Masthead - The statement of title, ownership, editors, etc., of a newspaper or periodical. Although its location is variable, in the case of newspapers it is commonly found on the editorial page or at the top of page one, and, in the case of periodicals, on the contents page. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> Medium - The physical material or substance upon which data can be recorded or stored; for example, paper, film, magnetic disk, punched tape, and magnetic tape. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> Member rate - The price paid by a member to a society or association for a subscription to one of its publications.<br /> <br /> Membership - 1. The state or status of being a member. 2. Libraries may join a society or association to take advantage of discounts on the organization's publications or because the organization requires membership to obtain its publications. Frequently different subscription rates prevail for individual and institutional members. See also Institutional subscription price, Nonmember rate, and Personal subscription price.<br /> <br /> Memory - Internal storage areas in the computer. The term memory identifies data storage that comes in the form of chips, and the word storage is used for memory that exists on tapes or disks. Moreover, the term memory is usually used as shorthand for physical memory, which refers to the actual chips capable of holding data. Some computers also use virtual memory, which expands physical memory onto a hard disk. Every computer comes with a certain amount of physical memory, usually referred to as main memory or RAM. You can think of main memory as an array of boxes, each of which can hold a single byte of information. A computer that has 1 megabyte of memory, therefore, can hold about 1 million bytes (or characters) of information. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/m/memory.html)<br /> <br /> Merger – A new serial resulting from combining two or more existing serial titles.<br /> <br /> Methods journal - A periodical devoted to dissemination of information on new scientific research techniques and refinement of existing ones.<br /> <br /> Metadata - Structured information used to describe information resources/objects for a variety of purposes. Although AACR2/MARC cataloging is formally metadata, the term is generally used in the library community for nontraditional schemes such as the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, the VRA Core Categories, or the Encoded Archival Description (EAD). Metadata can be categorized as descriptive, structural, and administrative. Descriptive metadata facilitates discovery, identification, and selection. Structural metadata describes the internal structure of complex objects. Administrative metadata aids in the management of resources and may include rights management metadata, preservation metadata, and technical metadata describing the physical characteristics of a resource. For an introduction to metadata, please see Priscilla Caplan's Metadata Fundamentals for All Librarians (American Library Association, 2003). Also spelled meta-data. (ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science: http://lu.com/odlis/odlis_m.cfm#metadata)<br /> <br /> Microfiche - A flat sheet of photographic film, usually 4 by 6 inches or 3 by 5 inches, containing micro-images arranged in a grid pattern. Most microfiche contain a title or general descriptive data at the top (the header) that can be read without magnification. The header may also be color-coded. The last frame on a microfiche may contain an index to the micro-images. The number of frames on a sheet depends on the reduction ratio and formatting. Microfiche can be produced from strips of microfilm or made directly with a step-and-repeat camera and computer-output-microfilm recorder. Synonymous with fiche. [ALA Glossary, modified]<br /> <br /> Microfilm - 1. Photographic film containing micro-images. The term normally refers to roll film sufficiently long to be placed on reels, cartridges, or cassettes and retrieved by manual or automatic means. Images may be positive or negative and rolls may be 8, 16, 35, or 70 millimeters wide and up to several thousand feet long. Rolls can be cut to produce microfiche, microstrips, or chips to be inserted in jackets or used in other ways. Although the term is used generically to include a variety of microformats, it should be contrasted with sheet microfilm (Microfiche). 2. To film originals for the purpose of creating micro-images. [ALA Glossary, modified]<br /> <br /> Microfilm exchange - The replacement by a library of the bound volumes of a serial with microfilm as a space-saving measure or as a method of preserving serials subject to heavy mutilation or loss.<br /> <br /> Microform - A general term applied to all forms of microreproduction on film or paper (e.g., microfilm, microfiche, micro opaque). Compare with Macroform. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) - Short for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a specification for formatting non-ASCII messages so that they can be sent over the Internet. Many e-mail clients now support MIME, which enables them to send and receive graphics, audio, and video files via the Internet mail system. In addition, MIME supports messages in character sets other than ASCII. There are many predefined MIME types, such as GIF graphics files and PostScript files. It is also possible to define your own MIME types. In addition to e-mail applications, Web browsers also support various MIME types. This enables the browser to display or output files that are not in HTML format. MIME was defined in 1992 by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). A new version, called S/MIME, supports encrypted messages. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MIME.html)<br /> <br /> Minutes - The official record of the proceedings of a meeting. Minutes are often ordered, received, and cataloged as serial publications.<br /> <br /> Mirror Site - A Web site that is a replica of an already existing site, used to reduce network traffic (hits on a server) or improve the availability of the original site. Mirror sites are useful when the original site generates too much traffic for a single server to support. Mirror sites also increase the speed with which files or Web sites can be accessed: users can download files more quickly from a server that is geographically closer to them. For example, if a busy New York-based Web site sets up a mirror site in England, users in Europe can access the mirror site faster than the original site in New York. Sites such as Netscape that offer copies or updates of popular software often set up mirror sites to handle the large demand that a single site may not be able to handle. See also World Wide Web site. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/m/mirror_site.html)<br /> <br /> Missing issues - Issues not received on subscription within a specified period of time or after a specified number of claims. Missing issues, typically identified through the check in or claiming functions, are not the same as those issues lost or stolen after receipt and check-in.<br /> <br /> Modem (Modulator/DEModulator) - Acronym for modulator-demodulator. A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over telephone lines. Computer information is stored digitally, whereas information transmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog waves. A modem converts between these two forms. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/m/modem.html)<br /> <br /> Modification - A change or alteration to the terms of an agreement See Also Amendment. (Licensing Digital Information: Definitions of Words and Phrases Commonly Found in Licensing Agreements: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/definiti.shtml) .<br /> <br /> Monograph - 1. In cataloging, a nonserial bibliographic item, i.e., an item either complete in one part or complete, or intended to be completed, in a finite number of separate parts. [AACR2, rev] 2. A systematic and complete treatise on a particular subject. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> Monographic series - A group of monographs, usually related to one another in subject, issued in succession, normally by the same publisher and in uniform style with a collective title applying to the group as a whole. Monographic series may be numbered or unnumbered. [ALA Glossary] Also known as Multivolume series. See Publisher's series.<br /> <br /> Monthly - A serial publication frequency of every month, with the possible exception of certain designated months, usually during the summer. [ALA Glossary, modified]<br /> <br /> Multipart item - A monograph complete, or intended to be completed, in a finite number of separate parts. Synonymous with Multivolume monograph. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> Moving Pictures Expert Group - See MPEG.<br /> <br /> MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) - The name of family of standards used for coding audio-visual information (e.g., movies, video, music) in a digital compressed format. The major advantage of MPEG compared to other video and audio coding formats is that MPEG files are much smaller for the same quality. This is because MPEG uses very sophisticated compression techniques. (MPEG Pointers and Resources: http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/indexhtml)<br /> <br /> Multimedia - The set of technologies that permit computers to store, manipulate and display any combination of text (alphanumeric characters), images (still, animated or full-motion) and sound (music or voice). Many computer applications now include more than one form of media.<br /> <br /> Multiple-year rate - The discounted price for a subscription placed for a two- or three-year period. The annual cost of a multiple-year rate is usually less than the cost for multiple one-year subscriptions. Multiple year rates are offered by publishers of popular and trade periodicals.<br /> <br /> Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension - See MIME.<br /> <br /> Multivolume monograph - See Multipart item.<br /> <br /> Multivolume series - See Monographic series.<br /> <br /> Multivolume set - See Set.<br /> <br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> | [[Main_Page]]<br /> | [[A]]<br /> | [[B]]<br /> | [[C]]<br /> | [[D]]<br /> | [[E]]<br /> | [[F]]<br /> | [[G]]<br /> | [[H]]<br /> | [[I]]<br /> | [[J]]<br /> | [[K]]<br /> | [[L]]<br /> | [[M]]<br /> | [[N]]<br /> | [[O]]<br /> | [[P]]<br /> | [[Q]]<br /> | [[R]]<br /> | [[S]]<br /> | [[T]]<br /> | [[U]]<br /> | [[V]]<br /> | [[W]]<br /> | [[X]]<br /> | [[Y]] <br /> | [[Z]]<br /> |}</div> Admin http://wikis.ala.org/seracqglossary/index.php/H H 2011-04-25T18:51:46Z <p>Admin: </p> <hr /> <div>{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> | [[Main_Page]]<br /> | [[A]]<br /> | [[B]]<br /> | [[C]]<br /> | [[D]]<br /> | [[E]]<br /> | [[F]]<br /> | [[G]]<br /> | [[H]]<br /> | [[I]]<br /> | [[J]]<br /> | [[K]]<br /> | [[L]]<br /> | [[M]]<br /> | [[N]]<br /> | [[O]]<br /> | [[P]]<br /> | [[Q]]<br /> | [[R]]<br /> | [[S]]<br /> | [[T]]<br /> | [[U]]<br /> | [[V]]<br /> | [[W]]<br /> | [[X]]<br /> | [[Y]] <br /> | [[Z]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Hard copy - A paper document, including a computer printout.<br /> <br /> Hard disk - A non-flexible magnetic disk, in a solid container, used to read and write electronic resources; hard disks can be either fixed or removable. (International Standard Bibliographic Description for Electronic Resources [ISBD(ER)]: http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/isbd2.htm#hd)<br /> <br /> Hardware - The physical portion of a computer system, including the electrical/electronic components (e.g. components and circuits), electromechanical components (e.g. a disk drive and central processing system (CPU)), and mechanical components (e.g., keyboard, wires, terminal). (ARL Spec Kit 201: Electronic Journals: Policies &amp; Procedures, p.45)<br /> <br /> Heading - A name, word, or phrase placed at the head of a catalogue entry to provide an access point. [AACR2, rev] See also Access point, Entry, and Tracings.<br /> <br /> HEGIS - See Higher Education General Information Survey.<br /> <br /> Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) - A classification of academic fields of study created by the U.S. Office of Education in 1971. Its purpose is to assemble in a single package all surveys conducted by the U.S. Office of Education and other federal agencies. There are thirty-two major areas of study with enough subdivisions to produce approximately 550 HEGIS codes. The six-digit codes assigned to each subject are a means of tracking expenditures for personnel, supplies, books, serials, etc., for that subject. Many fund-accounting systems used in libraries today have evolved from HEGIS codes.<br /> <br /> Holdings - Broadly, the materials owned or &quot;held&quot; by a library. The term also is used in a narrow sense to refer to either the issues of a serial or the volumes in a set in possession of a library.<br /> <br /> Home page - The main or opening screen of a hypertext document for a World Wide Web site. Home pages are a subset of &quot;Web pages&quot; that present information on systems, services, and products, and, in addition, provide links in the form of words, URLs, etc., to other related documents and Web sites. See also URL, Web page, and World Wide Web site. (International Standard Bibliographic Description for Electronic Resources [ISBD(ER)]: http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/isbd2.htm#home)<br /> <br /> Host - A computer on the Internet, or any other network, that provides server where web pages can be located.<br /> <br /> House organ - 1. A type of periodical, often concerned with personal and personnel matters, issued by a business, industrial, or other organization for internal distribution to employees. Synonymous with employee magazine and plant publications. 2. A periodical, generally including articles on the company's products and on subjects related to the business or industry, issued for external distribution to dealers, customers, and potential customers. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language) - The lingua franca for publishing hypertext on the World Wide Web. It is a non-proprietary format based upon SGML, and can be created and processed by a wide range of tools, from simple plain text editors - you type it in from scratch- to sophisticated WYSIWYG authoring tools. HTML uses tags such as &lt;h1&gt; and &lt;/h1&gt; to structure text into headings, paragraphs, lists, hypertext links etc. See also SGML. (W3C, World Wide Web Consortium: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp)<br /> <br /> HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) - The communications protocol used in Web browser software to establish the connection between a client computer and a remote Web Server, making it possible for data files in HTML format to be transmitted over the Internet from the server to the client machine on which the browser is installed. Most Web browsers are designed to default to http:// whenever a user enters a Web address (URL) without the protocol. (ODLIS: Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science: http://lu.com/odlis/odlis_h.cfm#http)<br /> <br /> Hyperlink - A reference (link) from some point in one hypertext document to (some point in) another document or another place in the same document. A browser usually displays a hyperlink in some distinguishing way, e.g. in a different color, font, or style. When the user activates the link (e.g. by clicking on it with the mouse) the browser will display the target of the link. See also Hypertext and URL. (Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [FOLDOC]: http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/index.html)<br /> <br /> Hypermedia - An extension to hypertext that supports linking graphics, sound, and video elements in addition to text elements. The World Wide Web is a partial hypermedia system since is supports graphical hyperlinks and links to sound and video files. New hypermedia systems under development will allow objects in computer videos to be hyperlinked. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/h/hypermedia.html)<br /> <br /> Hypertext - A special type of database system, invented by Ted Nelson in the 1960s, in which objects (text, pictures, music, programs, and so on) can be creatively linked to each other. When you select an object, you can see all the other objects that are linked to it. You can move from one object to another even though they might have very different forms. For example, while reading a document about Mozart, you might click on the phrase Violin Concerto in A Major, which could display the written score or perhaps even invoke a recording of the concerto. Clicking on the name Mozart might cause various illustrations of Mozart to appear on the screen. The icons that you select to view associated objects are called Hypertext links or buttons. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/h/hypertext.html)<br /> <br /> Hypertext Mark-up Language - See HTML.<br /> <br /> Hypertext Transport Protocol - See HTTP.<br /> <br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> | [[Main_Page]]<br /> | [[A]]<br /> | [[B]]<br /> | [[C]]<br /> | [[D]]<br /> | [[E]]<br /> | [[F]]<br /> | [[G]]<br /> | [[H]]<br /> | [[I]]<br /> | [[J]]<br /> | [[K]]<br /> | [[L]]<br /> | [[M]]<br /> | [[N]]<br /> | [[O]]<br /> | [[P]]<br /> | [[Q]]<br /> | [[R]]<br /> | [[S]]<br /> | [[T]]<br /> | [[U]]<br /> | [[V]]<br /> | [[W]]<br /> | [[X]]<br /> | [[Y]] <br /> | [[Z]]<br /> |}</div> Admin http://wikis.ala.org/seracqglossary/index.php/A A 2011-04-25T18:50:33Z <p>Admin: </p> <hr /> <div>{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> | [[Main_Page]]<br /> | [[A]]<br /> | [[B]]<br /> | [[C]]<br /> | [[D]]<br /> | [[E]]<br /> | [[F]]<br /> | [[G]]<br /> | [[H]]<br /> | [[I]]<br /> | [[J]]<br /> | [[K]]<br /> | [[L]]<br /> | [[M]]<br /> | [[N]]<br /> | [[O]]<br /> | [[P]]<br /> | [[Q]]<br /> | [[R]]<br /> | [[S]]<br /> | [[T]]<br /> | [[U]]<br /> | [[V]]<br /> | [[W]]<br /> | [[X]]<br /> | [[Y]] <br /> | [[Z]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> *''' Absorbed title''' - A serial title incorporated by another and usually assuming the title and numbering of the latter.<br /> <br /> *''' Abstract''' - An abbreviated, accurate representation of a work, usually without added interpretation or criticism, accompanied by a bibliographic reference to the original work when appearing separately from it. [ALA Glossary, modified]<br /> <br /> *''' Abstract bulletin''' - A bulletin issued by a special library containing abstracts of works of interest to its target group, primarily as a selective dissemination of information service. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> *''' Abstract journal''' - A journal consisting wholly or substantially of abstracts of works in a specific subject field or a group of subject fields. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> *''' Abstracting and indexing service''' - A serial issued on paper, in microform, or as a machine readable database providing subject access to works in a specific subject field or group of subject fields by means of abstracts and indexes and available by subscription or fee. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> *'''Academic research journal''' - A periodical devoted to disseminating primary research findings. Also known as Primary research journal.<br /> <br /> *'''Academy publication''' - See Society publication.<br /> <br /> *'''Access''' - The ability to gain entry to a database or other digital information (Licensing Digital Information: Definitions of Words and Phrases Commonly Found in Licensing Agreements: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/definiti.shtml)<br /> <br /> *'''Access point''' - A name, term, code, etc.. under which a bibliographic record may be searched and identified. See also Entry, Heading, Tracings. [AACR2, rev]<br /> <br /> *'''Accompanying material''' - Material (CD-ROM, disks, maps, etc.) that comes with the primary item ordered.<br /> <br /> *'''Adapter''' - The circuitry required to support a particular device. For example, video adapters enable the computer to support graphics monitors, and network adapters enable a computer to attach to a network. Adapters can be built into the main circuitry of a computer or they can be separate add-ons that come in the form of expansion boards. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/a/adapter.html)<br /> <br /> *'''Added charge''' - An additional charge levied by a publisher or vendor subsequent to receipt of the initial payment for a subscription. Added charges may occur for a variety of reasons, such as a price increase between the time a subscription agent billed a library and a publisher either announced new prices or processed the order; because the publisher released additional material or volumes; or because of fluctuations in foreign currency conversion rates. See also Supplemental invoice.<br /> <br /> *'''Added copy''' - An additional copy of an item already in a library collection which is to be, or has been, added to the collection. Compare with Duplicate. In the plural, sometimes called multiple copies. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> *'''Added entry''' - An entry, additional to the main entry, by which an item is represented in a catalogue; a secondary entry. See also Main entry.[AACR2, rev]<br /> <br /> *'''Added title page''' - A title page preceding or following the title page chosen as the basis for the description of the item. It may be more general (e.g., a series title page), or equally general (e.g., a title page in another language). See also Series title page.[AACR2, rev]<br /> <br /> *'''Added volume''' - A volume of a set or series added to a library's holdings subsequent to initial receipt of the title.<br /> <br /> *'''Additional volume''' - An extra volume of a serial released by a publisher and not originally announced in the publisher's publication schedule.<br /> <br /> *'''Address''' - A name or a sequence of characters that designates an e-mail account or a specific site on the Internet or other network. (Yahoo Reference: American Heritage Dictionary: http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entries/21/a0082100.html) See also URL.<br /> <br /> *'''ADONIS project''' - A document delivery service for pharmaceutical companies providing full text, laser printed articles from more than two hundred biomedical journals of thirty or more publishers. A consortium of publishers and document delivery centers, the ADONIS project is housed in Elsevier Science Publishing Company's quarters in Amsterdam.<br /> <br /> *'''Advances''' - Collections of articles reviewing a single, often broad, subject, such as Advances in Librarianship. Advances typically are published in annual volumes.<br /> <br /> *'''Agent''' - A term sometimes used synonymously with Vendor but more accurately referring to Subscription agent. Agent is sometimes used interchangeably with Dealer.<br /> <br /> *'''Agent''' - A program that performs some information gathering or processing task in the background. Typically, an agent is given a very small and well-defined task. Although the theory behind agents has been around for some time, agents have become more prominent with the recent growth of the Internet. Many companies now sell software that enables you to configure an agent to search the Internet for certain types of information. In computer science, there is a school of thought that believes that the human mind essentially consists of thousands or millions of agents all working in parallel. To produce real artificial intelligence, this school holds, we should build computer systems that also contain many agents and systems for arbitrating among the agents' competing results. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/a/agent.html)<br /> <br /> *'''Aggregator''' - 1. An organization which contracts with electronic information providers on behalf of several or many libraries. 2. Provider of a common interface. The noteworthy feature of this type aggregator is the subscribing library negotiates the price of the online periodical subscription directly with publisher or through a subscription agent. 3. A provider of access to a group of electronic journals and/or databases which do not require separate subscriptions. [Nigel.Gilbert@soc.surrey.acuk]. March 6, 1997. Aggregators of Electronic Journals. (In Liblicense-l [liblicensel@lists.yale.edu].(http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/ListArchives/9703/msg00012.html)<br /> <br /> *'''Air freight''' - 1. A service offered by vendors and publishers. Serial issues published in a foreign country are received in that country by the vendor, packed, and shipped at bulk air rate to their library customers. 2. The postage charge assessed to materials shipped by air.<br /> <br /> *'''Air service charge''' - The fee charged to cover the costs of shipping materials by air freight.<br /> <br /> *'''Almanac''' - A type of serial, usually an annual, which compiles facts and statistics. An almanac may be limited in coverage and scope but more typically covers long time spans and broad geographical and subject areas. See also Yearbook.<br /> <br /> *'''Alternate delivery''' - A method of distribution by which a publisher sends materials via a private delivery firm rather than by the U.S. Postal Service.<br /> <br /> *'''Amendment''' - The process of formally altering or adding to a document or record. (Yahoo Reference: American Heritage Dictionary: http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entries/81/a0248100.html)<br /> <br /> *'''American National Standards Committee Z39''' - Replaced by National Information Standards Organization, which see.<br /> <br /> *'''American National Standards Institute (ANSI)''' - A federation whose membership represents industrial firms, trade and technical associations, labor and consumer organizations, and government agencies. ANSI coordinates the voluntary standards developed by groups in the United States in fields ranging from information services to building construction. The institute represents the United States to international standards organizations and provides information on foreign standards. See also American National Standards Committee Z39 and National Information Standards Organization.<br /> <br /> *'''American Standard Code for Information Interchange''' - See ASCII.<br /> <br /> *'''Analytic''' - See Analytical entry.<br /> <br /> *'''Analytical entry''' - 1. An access point to part of a bibliographic item for which a comprehensive bibliographic record has been made, e.g., to the author and title of a poem in an anthology, to the subject of a chapter of a monograph, or to the title of a separately titled volume of a multivolume set of books. 2. A bibliographic record of part of a bibliographic item for which a comprehensive record may be made. Synonymous with Analytic. [ALA Glossary]<br /> <br /> *'''Analog''' - Electronic equipment that directly records the features of audio or video signals instead of representing those signals digitally. See also Digital. <br /> <br /> *'''Annals''' - 1. A periodical that records the activities of an organization or developments in a specialized field. 2. A record of events arranged in yearly sequence. 3. Historical records.<br /> <br /> *'''Annual''' - A serial issued once a year. [ALA Glossary, modified]<br /> <br /> *'''Annual invoice''' - The primary, consolidated billing from a publisher or vendor for a customer's subscriptions. Normally sent in late summer or fall.<br /> <br /> *'''ANSI''' - See American National Standards Institute.<br /> <br /> *'''ANSI Z39''' - See American National Standards Committee Z39.<br /> <br /> *'''Application software''' - (also called end-user programs) includes database programs, word processors, and spreadsheets. Figuratively speaking, applications software sits on top of systems software because it is unable to run without the operating system and system utilities. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/a/application.html)<br /> <br /> *'''Approval plan''' - An arrangement between a vendor or publisher and a library whereby a profile is created of the library's collection needs. The vendor or publisher supplies all the publications, as issued, that match the library's profile. The library, in turn, is granted the right to return those publications it deems unsuitable. An approval profile typically specifies subject areas and levels to be collected as well as a variety of nonsubject parameters, such as format, price, language, and place of publication. Approval plans normally provide the option of receiving notification slips rather than the publications themselves.<br /> <br /> *'''Archive''' - 1. To back up data onto disk, tape, or other storage medium. 2. A filing and retrieval system for indefinite preservation of data. <br /> <br /> *'''ASCII''' – Acronym for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Pronounced ask-ee, ASCII is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127. Most computers use ASCII codes to represent text, which makes it possible to transfer data from one computer to another. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/ASCII.html)<br /> <br /> *'''ASCII file''' - A text file in which each byte represents one character according to the ASCII code. ASCII files are sometimes called plain text files.(Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/ASCII_file.html)<br /> <br /> *'''Association publication''' - See Society publication.<br /> <br /> *'''Assignment''' - A transfer of all or part of the contractual rights and/or obligations to another party. (Licensing Digital Information: Definitions of Words and Phrases Commonly Found in Licensing Agreements: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/definiti.shtml)<br /> <br /> *'''Attachment''' - A file attached to an e-mail message. Many e-mail systems only support sending text files as e-mail. If the attachment is a binary file or formatted text file, it must be encoded before it is sent and decoded once it is received. See also E-mail.<br /> <br /> *'''Authentication''' - A process by which the identity of a user accessing a network or other source of information is verified. (Licensing Digital Information: Definitions of Words and Phrases Commonly Found in Licensing Agreements: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/definiti.shtml)<br /> <br /> *'''Authorization/password''' - A unique authorization and password is generated by the publisher/aggregator for an institution or an individual. <br /> <br /> *'''Authorized use; permitted use''' - Use of information that is expressly allowed under a licensing agreement. See also License agreement. (Licensing Digital Information: Definitions of Words and Phrases Commonly Found in Licensing Agreements: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/definiti.shtml) <br /> <br /> *'''Authorized user; permitted user''' - A person designated in a licensing agreement as having permission to access or otherwise use the digital information that is the subject matter of the agreement. See also License agreement. (Licensing Digital Information: Definitions of Words and Phrases Commonly Found in Licensing Agreements: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/definiti.shtml)<br /> <br /> *'''Automated services''' - Those services offered a library by a vendor or publisher that make use of automation. Examples of such services include the electronic transmission of bibliographic and invoice data from the vendor's computers into a library's automated systems, and the formulation of various lists and reports tailored to individual library customers.<br /> <br /> *'''Automatic renewal''' - An agreement whereby a library customer grants a vendor authority to continue to renew its subscriptions. Such an agreement precludes the need to review annual renewal definition lists.<br /> <br /> {| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;7&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> | [[Main_Page]]<br /> | [[A]]<br /> | [[B]]<br /> | [[C]]<br /> | [[D]]<br /> | [[E]]<br /> | [[F]]<br /> | [[G]]<br /> | [[H]]<br /> | [[I]]<br /> | [[J]]<br /> | [[K]]<br /> | [[L]]<br /> | [[M]]<br /> | [[N]]<br /> | [[O]]<br /> | [[P]]<br /> | [[Q]]<br /> | [[R]]<br /> | [[S]]<br /> | [[T]]<br /> | [[U]]<br /> | [[V]]<br /> | [[W]]<br /> | [[X]]<br /> | [[Y]] <br /> | [[Z]]<br /> |}</div> Admin
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