Symbols and abbreviations

AuthorDirectorate-General for Research and Innovation (European Commission)
Pages771-771
771
Symbols and abbreviations
Country codes
BE Belgium
BG Bulgaria
CZ Czech Republic
DK Denmark
DE Germany
EE Estonia
IE Ireland
EL Greece
ES Spain
FR France
HR Croatia
IT Italy
CY Cyprus
LV Latvia
LT Lithuania
LU Luxembourg
HU Hungary
MT Malta
NL Netherlands
AT Austria
PO Poland
PT Portugal
RO Romania
SI Slovenia
SK Slovakia
FI Finland
SE Sweden
UK United Kingdom
EU European Union
IS Iceland
NO Norway
CH Switzerland
ME Montenegro
MK The former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia
AL Albania
RS Serbia
TR Turkey
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina
MD Moldova
UA Ukraine
AM Armenia
GE Georgia
IL Israel
TN Tunisia
ERA European Research Area
US United States
JP Japan
CN China
KR South Korea
RU Russian Federation
IN India
BR Brazil
ZA South Africa
Row Rest of the World
Other abbreviations
: ‘not available’
- ‘not applicable’ or ‘real zero’ or ‘zero
by default’
By default, the abbreviation EU corresponds
across the report to the aggregate of the current
27 Member States of the European Union. The
abbreviation EU28 corresponds to the aggregate
of the 28 Member States prior to the exit of
United Kingdom from the European Union.

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