How to format your references using the Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:


PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
1.
Bolker J. Model organisms: There’s more to life than rats and flies. Nature. 2012;491(7422):31-33.
A journal article with 2 authors
1.
Wardle M, Yusef-Zadeh F. Supernova remnant OH masers: signposts of cosmic collision. Science. 2002;296(5577):2350-2354.
A journal article with 3 authors
1.
Richardson JE, Melosh HJ, Greenberg R. Impact-induced seismic activity on asteroid 433 Eros: a surface modification process. Science. 2004;306(5701):1526-1529.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
1.
Yin Q-Z, Shi X, Chang C, Ng C-Y. Comment on “Experimental test of self-shielding in vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of CO.” Science. 2009;324(5934):1516; author reply 1516.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
1.
Staudt G. Experimentalphysik. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2001.
An edited book
1.
Roth W-M, ed. Re/Structuring Science Education: ReUniting Sociological and Psychological Perspectives. Vol 2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010.
A chapter in an edited book
1.
Truyen F, Waelde C. Copyright, Cultural Heritage and Photography: A Gordian Knot? In: Borowiecki KJ, Forbes N, Fresa A, eds. Cultural Heritage in a Changing World. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016:77-96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications.

Blog post
1.
Andrew D. Does A Pudgy ‘Dad Bod’ Really Make Men Live Longer? Here’s The Science. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
1.
Government Accountability Office. Reports Issued in July 1988. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
1.
Larson EB. Bahamian Quaternary geology and the global carbon budget. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
1.
Conte L. Scouting Report. New York Times. March 24, 2011:E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference 1.
This sentence cites two references 1,2.
This sentence cites four references 1–4.

About the journal

Full journal titleJournal of Diabetes and Its Complications
AbbreviationJ. Diabetes Complications
ISSN (print)1056-8727
ScopeEndocrinology
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Internal Medicine

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