DSpace Community: http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9166 Sat, 17 Mar 2018 04:42:53 GMT 2018-03-17T04:42:53Z Smuggling Silks into Eighteenth-Century Britain: Geography, Perpetrators, and Consumers http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37386 Title: Smuggling Silks into Eighteenth-Century Britain: Geography, Perpetrators, and Consumers Authors: Farrell, William Abstract: As part of protectionist policy in eighteenth-century Britain, imported silks were banned from being sold. Although it is known that bans on imported textiles were widely broken, there have been few systematic studies of the contraband trade in silks. Using customs' records, this article shows how smuggling supplied the demand for imported consumer goods. The illegal trade in silk was diverse, bringing in a variety of products from Asia and Europe. The evidence supports a market segmentation analysis of the different products and their consumers. The trade with Asia supplied “populuxe goods” in the form of handkerchiefs that appealed to a broad, middling customer base. These were brought into the country by the East India Company's trading network. By contrast, continental Europe provided contraband for the high-fashion market. These silks were distributed in more informal and personal ways—travelers and diplomats being the main offenders. The official response to these black markets differed, with silks from Europe posing particular problems for enforcement. Finally, this article provides a reassessment of the transnational influences—specifically the relative importance of Asia and Europe—on production and consumption of consumer goods in Britain. Tue, 19 Apr 2016 15:09:07 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37386 2016-04-19T15:09:07Z Changing the library brand: a case study http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37161 Title: Changing the library brand: a case study Authors: Wynne, Benjamin B. L.; Rowlands, Ian; Dixon, Simon; Donohue, Neil Abstract: This article outlines some of the opportunities and challenges of changing what the library “brand” means to academic and professional services staff in the rapidly changing environment of UK higher education, taking the University of Leicester as a case study. It makes a practitioner contribution to the growing body of evidence of how libraries are extending their role and how their customers are responding. It begins by considering the drivers for change in the higher education and scholarly information environments and how these are influencing the development of library services at the University of Leicester. The topics considered include researcher development, Digital Humanities, Open Access, independent learning, and curating the university's own information assets. The impact of these developments is outlined and how an evolving approach to strategic marketing is beginning to change perceptions as the boundaries of the library's role extend. Wed, 06 Apr 2016 10:50:27 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37161 2016-04-06T10:50:27Z Digging deeper: Developing our capability to understand our users http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33180 Title: Digging deeper: Developing our capability to understand our users Authors: Aitkins, Jo; Baines, Heather; Donohue, Neil; Hannis, Jodie; Patel, Dips Abstract: User satisfaction and the student experience have always been our underpinning raison d’être. Our national student survey library satisfaction rating is 92% and we also hold the customer service excellence award; however, we are never ever complacent. Our LibQUAL survey of 2014 saw increased satisfaction, but it also highlighted that our users felt that we could be better at handling their service problems and making electronic resources available. So how could we dig deeper to understand our users better, and what might we further improve? Tue, 06 Oct 2015 13:34:14 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33180 2015-10-06T13:34:14Z Introduction: Household and family in past time further explored http://hdl.handle.net/2381/21364 Title: Introduction: Household and family in past time further explored Authors: Schürer, Kevin Wed, 24 Oct 2012 09:10:04 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/21364 2012-10-24T09:10:04Z Home-school technologies: Considering the family http://hdl.handle.net/2381/21020 Title: Home-school technologies: Considering the family Authors: Fraser, Katie; O'Malley, C.; Rodden, T. Abstract: Research has focused on building technologies to support children in their transitions between home and school [9] without a developed sense of how individual families react to such technologies. We interviewed three different families about their reactions to ubiquitous computing technologies designed to support home-school transitions. We found that families were willing to use such technologies to share information among themselves, but that mechanisms for filtering this information would be a challenge for designers. Further, families were reluctant to share information with outsiders, such as teachers. We will discuss the implications of these findings for both future technologies, and further research into their design. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 09:09:14 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/21020 2012-10-24T09:09:14Z Analysis of academic attitudes and existing processes to inform the design of teaching and learning material repositories: A user-centred approach http://hdl.handle.net/2381/18037 Title: Analysis of academic attitudes and existing processes to inform the design of teaching and learning material repositories: A user-centred approach Authors: King, M.; Loddington, Steve; Manuel, S.; Oppenheim, C. Abstract: The last couple of years have brought a rise in the number of institutional repositories throughout the world and within UK Higher Education institutions, with the majority of these repositories being devoted to research output. Repositories containing teaching and learning material are less common and the workflows and business processes surrounding these types of repositories were unclear. The user motivations to contributing to and downloading from repositories were also unknown. This article reports on two studies: a wide-scale survey carried out with HE staff to identify barriers and incentives to contributing to teaching material repositories; and interviews carried out as part of a workflow study at Loughborough University, to identify existing practice in the creation and sharing of teaching material. Confusion is reported with regard to the difference between a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) and a repository. However, many different purposes of a teaching and learning material repository are highlighted. This article discusses how repositories could successfully interoperate with other institutional applications and highlights the benefits of teaching material repositories to the user, through scenarios. Recommendations relating to the key aspects of the design and implementation of a repository service are outlined. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 09:04:42 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/18037 2012-10-24T09:04:42Z A case study of the development of WebPA: An online peer-moderated marking tool http://hdl.handle.net/2381/18035 Title: A case study of the development of WebPA: An online peer-moderated marking tool Authors: Loddington, Steve; Pond, K.; Wilkinson, N.; Willmot, P.; Wilkinson, N. Abstract: Peer moderation of group work in higher education is rapidly advancing through the use of technological developments and is increasingly being informed by pedagogical research. The highly successful WebPA online assessment system has gone through a number of development phases over its 15-year history and has now evolved into a relatively mature and flexible tool for facilitating group work. This paper presents a case study of the approaches that have been used in the system's development from the technical perspective, and describes how the scope of the project has massively expanded and that the development has been continually backed by a sound and wide-ranging pedagogy. The benefits of using the online system are shown to be underpinned throughout by examples of good practice in the supervision of academic group work. A critical evaluation of the tool and surrounding pedagogical practices highlight future areas for technical expansion. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 09:04:41 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/18035 2012-10-24T09:04:41Z A comparison of academics' attitudes towards the rights protection of their research and teaching materials http://hdl.handle.net/2381/18036 Title: A comparison of academics' attitudes towards the rights protection of their research and teaching materials Authors: Gadd, E.; Loddington, Steve; Oppenheim, C. Abstract: This paper compares two JISC-funded surveys. The first was undertaken by the Rights MEtadata for Open Archiving (RoMEO) project and focused on the rights protection required by academic authors sharing their research outputs in an open-access environment. The second was carried out by the Rights and Rewards project and focused on the rights protection required by authors sharing their teaching materials in the same way. The data are compared. The study reports confusion amongst both researchers and teachers as to copyright ownership in the materials they produced. Researchers were more restrictive about the permissions they would allow, but were liberal about terms and conditions. Teachers would allow many permissions, but under stricter terms and conditions. The study concludes that a single rights solution could not be used for both research and teaching materials. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 09:04:41 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/18036 2012-10-24T09:04:41Z Digital repositories ten years on: What do scientific researchers think of them and how do they use them? http://hdl.handle.net/2381/13766 Title: Digital repositories ten years on: What do scientific researchers think of them and how do they use them? Authors: Nicholas, D.; Watkinson, A.; Brown, D.; Rowlands, Ian; Jamali, H. R. Abstract: Digital repositories have been with us for more than a decade, and despite the considerable media and conference attention they engender, we know very little about their use by academics. This paper sets out to address this by reporting on how well they are used, what they are used for, what researchers' think of them, and where they thought they were going. Nearly 1,700 scientific researchers, mostly physical scientists, responded to an international survey of digital repositories, making it the largest survey of its kind. High deposit rates were found and mandates appear to be working, especially with younger researchers. Repositories have made significant inroads in terms of impact and use despite, in the case of institutional repositories, the very limited resources deployed. Subject repositories, like arXiv and PubMed Central, have certainly come of age but institutional repositories probably have not come of age yet although there are drivers in place which, in theory anyway, are moving them towards early adulthood. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:57:01 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/13766 2012-10-24T08:57:01Z In their very own words: Authors and scholarly journal publishing http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11891 Title: In their very own words: Authors and scholarly journal publishing Authors: Nicholas, D.; Jamali, H. R. M.; Huntington, P.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: This paper presents the results of a major investigation by questionnaire of author attitudes towards scholarly publishing, which was funded by the Publisher's Association. Altogether, the views of nearly 4,000 authors were obtained and this paper concerns just those thousand or so authors who accepted the invitation to write freely about their own personal feelings and experiences. Using QSR N6 textual analysis software, their comments were processed and themes extracted. While the rest of the questionnaire, which was formed of closed-question, tick-box type questions, clearly must have had some impact on their thinking, the authors had considerable latitude in regard to what they could say. The paper provides a unique opportunity to hear their views directly. The pressing topics turned out to be (in rough order of concern): the peer-review system, copyright, journal prices, alternative business models for journal publishing, big deals, Elsevier, electronic publishing and digital journals. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11891 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Knowledge production, consumption and impact: Policy indicators for a changing world http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11892 Title: Knowledge production, consumption and impact: Policy indicators for a changing world Authors: Rowlands, Ian Abstract: This paper provides a high‐level overview of some of the main research themes and preoccupations that are reported in this special ciber issue of Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives. The research activities of ciber are drawn together in the quest for a better understanding of the policy implications of large‐scale knowledge production systems against the backdrop of profound technical change, uncertainty over business models, and new forms of consumer behaviour. The paper presents a series of conceptual frameworks that aim to contextualise ciber’s work in bibliometrics, cybermetrics, research evaluation, scholarly communication, user studies, publishing strategies and policy analysis. The transparency that metrics can bring to the evaluation debate and the pivotal role of human information behaviour in determining those metrics, are discussed. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11892 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Scholarly communication in the digital environment: The 2005 survey of journal author behaviour and attitudes http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11889 Title: Scholarly communication in the digital environment: The 2005 survey of journal author behaviour and attitudes Authors: Rowlands, Ian; Nicholas, D. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11889 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Open access journal publishing: The views of some of the world's senior authors http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11890 Title: Open access journal publishing: The views of some of the world's senior authors Authors: Nicholas, D.; Huntington, P.; Rowlands, Ian Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11890 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Journal diffusion factors: A new approach to measuring research influence http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11893 Title: Journal diffusion factors: A new approach to measuring research influence Authors: Rowlands, Ian Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11893 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z What do faculty and students really think about e-books? http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11879 Title: What do faculty and students really think about e-books? Authors: Rowlands, Ian; Nicholas, D.; Jamali, H. R.; Huntington, P. Abstract: Purpose: – The purpose of this article is to report on a large‐scale survey that was carried out to assess academic users' awareness, perceptions and existing levels of use of e‐books. The survey also seeks to find out about the purposes to which electronic books were put, and to obtain an understanding of the most effective library marketing and communication channels. Design/methodology/approach: – An e‐mail invitation to participate in the survey was distributed to all UCL staff and students (approximately 27,000) in November 2006, and 1,818 completions were received, an effective response rate of at least 6.7 per cent. Statistical analyses were carried out on the data using Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings: – The survey findings point to various ways in which user uptake and acceptance of e‐books may be encouraged. Book discovery behaviour, a key issue for publishers and librarians in both print and electronic environments, emerges as a critical focus for service delivery and enhancement. Originality/value: – The survey is part of an action research project, CIBER's SuperBook, that will further investigate the issues raised in this initial benchmarking survey using deep log analysis and qualitative methods. The paper partly fills the gap in the literature on e‐books which has mainly focused on usage and not the users. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11879 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z The missing link: Journal usage metrics http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11881 Title: The missing link: Journal usage metrics Authors: Rowlands, Ian; Nicholas, D. Abstract: Purpose – The aim of this short communication is to contribute to a growing debate about how we can measure the “quality” of journals. More specifically, the paper argues the need for a new range of standardized indicators based on reader (rather than author‐facing) metrics. Design/methodology/approach – This is a thought experiment, outlining the kinds of usage indicators that could be developed alongside the traditional ISI measures of impact, immediacy and obsolescence. Findings – The time is ripe to develop a set of standardised measures of journal usage that are as easy to understand, and as universally accepted, as ISI's current citation‐based indicators. By linking article publication year to full text downloads, this article argues that very considerable value could be extracted from what, in many cases, is almost uninterpretable data. Practical implications – Indicators in the form proposed could find a wide variety of applications, from helping librarians to assess the potential value‐for‐money of bundled journal deals, to helping policy‐makers and scholarly communication researchers to better understand the dynamics of knowledge diffusion. Originality/value – The development of standardized usage factors in the form suggested here would radically shift the centre of gravity in bibliometrics research from the author to the reader. This remains largely unexplored territory. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11881 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z On the tips of their tongues: Authors and their views on scholarly publishing http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11884 Title: On the tips of their tongues: Authors and their views on scholarly publishing Authors: Nicholas, D.; Jamali, H. R.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: The paper presents the results of an international questionnaire survey of the attitudes of senior authors towards scholarly publishing. It was commissioned by the Publishers Association (PA) and the International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers (STM). A total of 5,513 authors participated. The questionnaire included 22 closed questions and one open-ended question that 1,943 authors used to freely express their views. Using QSR N6 textual analysis software, their comments were processed and themes extracted. The main concerns of the authors were the peer-review process, faster publishing, better access to journals, journal prices, and issues related to electronic publishing. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11884 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Research productivity and the journals system: A study of immunology and microbiology authors http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11882 Title: Research productivity and the journals system: A study of immunology and microbiology authors Authors: Rowlands, Ian; Olivieri, R. Abstract: This paper considers the role that the journals system plays in supporting scientific productivity: a critical issue for publishers, librarians and research managers at a time of considerable upheaval in scholarly communication, notably the rise of open access models. The survey findings presented here support the unfashionable view that reader open access is something of a non-issue for the two author communities studied: corresponding authors in immunology and microbiology. Other issues, notably how financial and human resources are organised and deployed appear to be much more serious issues for biomedical researchers. The key policy implication of this work is that Europe could improve its research performance by listening more carefully to its scientists and harnessing those resources more effectively. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11882 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Ideas on creating a consumer market for scholarly journals http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11883 Title: Ideas on creating a consumer market for scholarly journals Authors: Nicholas, D.; Huntington, P.; Dobrowolski, T.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: Based upon the CIBER surveys of the behaviour of scholars using research journals online the authors propose a market structure for the publication of research in which payments would be made at the article level by individual users – using credits supplied by their institutions or research funders – broadly along the lines of the iTunes model. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11883 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Revisiting 'obsolescence' and journal article 'decay' through usage data: An analysis of digital journal use by year of publication http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11887 Title: Revisiting 'obsolescence' and journal article 'decay' through usage data: An analysis of digital journal use by year of publication Authors: Nicholas, D.; Huntington, P.; Dobrowolski, T.; Jamali M H. R.; Rowlands, Ian; Polydoratou, P. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11887 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Electronic journals and user behavior: A review of recent research http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11880 Title: Electronic journals and user behavior: A review of recent research Authors: Rowlands, Ian Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11880 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Diffusion factors http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11885 Title: Diffusion factors Authors: Frandsen, T. F.; Rousseau, R.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify earlier work on journal diffusion metrics. Classical journal indicators such as the Garfield impact factor do not measure the breadth of influence across the literature of a particular journal title. As a new approach to measuring research influence, the study complements these existing metrics with a series of formally described diffusion factors. Design/methodology/approach – Using a publication‐citation matrix as an organising construct, the paper develops formal descriptions of two forms of diffusion metric: “relative diffusion factors” and “journal diffusion factors” in both their synchronous and diachronous forms. It also provides worked examples for selected library and information science and economics journals, plus a sample of health information papers to illustrate their construction and use. Findings – Diffusion factors capture different aspects of the citation reception process than existing bibliometric measures. The paper shows that diffusion factors can be applied at the whole journal level or for sets of articles and that they provide a richer evidence base for citation analyses than traditional measures alone. Research limitations/implications – The focus of this paper is on clarifying the concepts underlying diffusion factors and there is unlimited scope for further work to apply these metrics to much larger and more comprehensive data sets than has been attempted here. Practical implications – These new tools extend the range of tools available for bibliometric, and possibly webometric, analysis. Diffusion factors might find particular application in studies where the research questions focus on the dynamic aspects of innovation and knowledge transfer. Originality/value – This paper will be of interest to those with theoretical interests in informetric distributions as well as those interested in science policy and innovation studies. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11885 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Emerald authorship data, Lotka's law and research productivity http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11888 Title: Emerald authorship data, Lotka's law and research productivity Authors: Rowlands, Ian Abstract: Purpose – This paper offers a practical insight into the application of Lotka's law of author productivity to the question of how likely it is that an author will return to a particular publisher (rather than make another contribution to a subject literature, which is its usual application). The question of author loyalty, especially repeat visits, is one which is of great interest to publishers. Design/methodology/approach – This paper shows, possibly for the first time, that the author productivity distribution predicted by Lotka's law for subject literatures also holds for publisher aggregates, in this case, all Emerald authors. Findings – The ideas presented here are speculative and programmatic: they raise questions and provide a robust intellectual framework for further research into the determinants of author loyalty, as seen from the publisher side. Practical implications – The implications for commissioning editors and marketing departments in journal publishing houses are that repeat visiting authors are indeed scarce commodities, not necessarily because of barriers put in their way by publishers, but because research production is very asymmetrically skewed in favour of a small productive élite. Originality/value – By analysing survey data it should be possible, within very broad parameters, to identify clusters of say high, medium and low research activity authors. This would provide insight into potential “hot spots” of future publishing intent and, in the case of dense and overworked research areas, early warning as to when to start looking elsewhere for future articles. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11888 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z The changing scholarly communication landscape: An international survey of senior researchers http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11886 Title: The changing scholarly communication landscape: An international survey of senior researchers Authors: Rowlands, Ian; Nicholas, D. Abstract: This survey reports on the behaviour, attitudes, and perceptions of 5,513 senior journal authors on a range of issues relating to the scholarly communication system. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:24 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11886 2012-10-24T08:54:24Z Google Generation II: Web behaviour experiments with the BBC http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11860 Title: Google Generation II: Web behaviour experiments with the BBC Authors: Nicholas, D.; Rowlands, Ian; Clark, D.; Williams, P. Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on continuing research undertaken on the way the Google Generation behave on the internet and to compare this with an earlier highly publicised study by the paper's authors. Design/methodology/approach – This research use a televised practical experiment and a remote web global test incorporating search, working memory and multi‐tasking experiments. Findings – The Google Generation appears to behave very differently from older generations. By their own admission they are less confident about their searching prowess and this is also demonstrated by the fact that they viewed fewer pages, visited fewer domains and undertook fewer searches. Also, tellingly, their search statements were much more the product of cut and paste. The Google Generation also have poorer working memories and are less competent at multi‐tasking, both of which may have implications for researching in an online environment. Originality/value – The paper introduces of multi‐tasking and cognitive measurement in evaluating and describing information‐seeking behaviour; comparing the web behaviour of young and old; the first time this has been shown on public television. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11860 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Social media use in the research workflow http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11859 Title: Social media use in the research workflow Authors: Rowlands, Ian; Nicholas, D.; Russell, B.; Canty, N.; Watkinson, A. Abstract: The paper reports on a major international survey, covering 2,000 researchers, which investigated the use of social media in the research workflow. The topic is the second to emerge from the Charleston Observatory, the research adjunct of the popular annual Charleston Conference (http://www.katina.info/conference/). The study shows that social media have found serious application at all points of the research lifecycle, from identifying research opportunities to disseminating findings at the end. The three most popular social media tools in a research setting were those for collaborative authoring, conferencing, and scheduling meetings. The most popular brands used tend to be mainstream anchor technologies or 'household brands', such as Twitter. Age is a poor predictor of social media use in a research context, and humanities and social science scholars avail themselves most of social media. Journals, conference proceedings, and edited books remain the core traditional means of disseminating research, with institutional repositories highly valued as well, but social media have become important complementary channels for disseminating and discovering research. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11859 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z E-journals, researchers - and the new librarians http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11861 Title: E-journals, researchers - and the new librarians Authors: Nicholas, D.; Rowlands, Ian; Williams, P. Abstract: This paper provides the results of a two-year investigation into the use of e-journals by the UK research community. Log analysis, questionnaires, interviews, and observation were used to collect the information. The results are presented in a FAQ format to make the key findings accessible. The main findings are that journals have become central to most disciplines, and that the e-form has become the prime means of access. The results for history suggest that the old scholarly communication mantras (scientists primarily communicate through articles, historians through monographs) are rapidly breaking down. Indeed, all researchers seem addicted to journal content. Research without this resource now seems unthinkable; journals are a researcher's lifeblood. Gateway services, hugely popular in science, are re-intermediating the broken chain between publisher and reader; they are the new librarians. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11861 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Social media use in the research workflow http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11858 Title: Social media use in the research workflow Authors: Nicholas, D.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: The paper reports on a major international questionnaire survey that investigated the use of social media in the research workflow. The topic is the second to emerge from the Charleston Observatory. The study of more than 2000 researchers shows that social media impact on all points of the research lifecycle, from identifying research opportunities to disseminating findings at the end. The three most popular social media tools in a research setting were those for collaborative authoring, conferencing, and scheduling meetings. The most popular brands used tend to be mainstream anchor technologies or ‘household brands’, like Twitter and Skype. Age is a poor predictor of social media use in a research context and scientists avail themselves most of social media. Journals, conference proceedings and edited books remain the core traditional means of disseminating research, with institutional repositories highly valued as well, but social media has become an important complementary channel for disseminating and discovering research. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11858 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z The attitudes and behaviours of illegal downloaders http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11865 Title: The attitudes and behaviours of illegal downloaders Authors: Williams, P.; Nicholas, D.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to summarise and evaluate the literature on digital consumer behaviour and attitudes towards digital piracy. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a review and synthesis of the academic literature on the subject, using the authors' unique “pro‐forma” approach to the evaluation of individual papers. Findings – A major limitation in the studies reported became apparent. They are almost exclusively concerned with the behaviours and attitudes of young people. There is a dearth of studies looking at demographic differences, and also a lack of longitudinal work. Given these constraints, the literature strongly suggests that social and situational factors impact on the likelihood of illegally obtaining digital content more than ethical considerations. Anonymity is a strong indicator, “de‐individualising” people and releasing them from traditional societal constraints and making the digital world far different from the physical one. The literature is ambiguous on whether punishment acts as a deterrent. Practical implications – The main point that comes out of these studies is that the digital world is not the same as the physical world. It is changing basic assumptions about the idea of ownership, sharing, and copying content. Laws prohibiting all unauthorised downloading potentially criminalise millions of people, so new and creative business models are needed to resolve the problem. Originality/value – The authors believe this to be the first systematic review of current literature in this area since the issue became topical with the Pirate Bay trial and the Government's Digital Britain report. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11865 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z E-journal usage and impact in scholarly research: A review of the literature http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11862 Title: E-journal usage and impact in scholarly research: A review of the literature Authors: Williams, P.; Nicholas, D.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: This article reviews the literature dealing with scholarly information behavior around the use of e-journals. Its aims are to examine the use and impact the availability of e-journals has had on the community of scholars, mainly from the UK, but looking also at literature from other countries. Results demonstrated the huge rise in availability and take-up of e-journals, although there are mixed findings regarding the fate of the print format. Access to e-literature is dominated by keyword searching, with subject-specific (e.g., chemical abstracts); or general academic (Web of Knowledge) gateways and search engines (typically Google) all used above publishers platforms, alerts, and other ways to find literature. The value of e-journals has been shown to be high, both in terms of in gaining new insights and helping with teaching, and in measure of “Contingent valuation”: the time or cost incurred by not having provision. Barriers to e-journal use included non-purchase of titles by the library and years or volumes not available electronically. Although many disciplinary differences exist, due to their differing natures and means of scholarly communication, nevertheless, the review concludes that it is now unthinkable for researchers to work without the convenience and comprehensiveness that e-journals provide them. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11862 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Diversity in the e-journal use and information-seeking behaviour of UK researchers http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11867 Title: Diversity in the e-journal use and information-seeking behaviour of UK researchers Authors: Nicholas, D.; Rowlands, Ian; Huntington, P.; Jamali, H. R.; Salazar, P. H. Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present some of the results of the project “Evaluating the usage and impact of e‐journals in the UK”. The particular research reported here evaluated the use of the ScienceDirect journals database with regard to Life Sciences, Economics, Chemistry, Earth & Environmental Sciences and Physics by ten major UK research institutions. The aim of the study is to investigate researchers' digital behaviour, and to ascertain whether their use and behaviours varied by subjects and disciplines, or in relation to the institutions in which they worked. Design/methodology/approach – Raw logs for ScienceDirect were obtained for the period January to April 2007, were subject to deep log techniques and analysed using the Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings – Typically, 5 per cent of the ScienceDirect journals viewed accounted for a third to half of all use. A high proportion of researchers entered the ScienceDirect site via a third‐party site, and this was especially so in the case of the Life Sciences and in the highest‐ranked research institutions. There were significant institutional and subject differences in information‐seeking behaviour. In the most research‐intensive institutions, per capita journal use was highest and their users spent much less time on each visit. There were significant differences of the order of 100‐300 per cent in the age of material viewed between subjects and institutions. Just four months after ScienceDirect content was opened to Google indexing, a third of traffic to the site's Physics journals came via that route. Originality/value – The research is one of the very few studies to investigate subject and institutional differences with regard to the information seeking and use of UK researchers, something UK academic librarians should particularly welcome. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11867 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Researchers' E-journal use and information seeking behaviour http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11864 Title: Researchers' E-journal use and information seeking behaviour Authors: Nicholas, D.; Williams, P.; Rowlands, Ian; Jamali, H. R. Abstract: This paper presents the results of the second phase of a Research Information Network study, which sought to establish the impact of e-journals on the scholarly behaviour of researchers in the UK. The first phase of the project was a deep log analysis of the usage and information seeking behaviour of researchers in connection with the ScienceDirect and Oxford Journals databases. This paper reports on the second phase, which sought to explain and provide context for the deep log data by taking the questions raised by the quantitative study to the research community via interview, questionnaire and observation. Nine major research institutions took part, six subjects were covered and the behaviour of about 1400 people was analyzed. Findings show that academic journals have become central to all disciplines and that the e-form is the prime means of access. Most importantly the study demonstrates that computer usage logs provide an accurate picture of online behaviour. High levels of gateway service use point to the re-intermediating of the broken chain between publisher and reader. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11864 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z The economic downturn and libraries: An international survey http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11868 Title: The economic downturn and libraries: An international survey Authors: Rowlands, Ian; Nicholas, D. Abstract: There is some concern that libraries, particularly university libraries, are facing a very bleak future because of the word-wide economic downturn. Much of the evidence regarding the economic problems and consequent impacts is parochial, far from robust, and there is a suspicion of stakeholders talking the situation up. This paper presents robust and independent evidence on the extent to which libraries from around the world are experiencing financial hardship, the impacts that result, and what the future looks like. Comparative analyses are made on the grounds of country, sector, and size of institution. The particular situation of university libraries is highlighted and the implications of the findings are examined from the perspective of scholarly publishers. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11868 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z The impact of the economic downturn on libraries: With special reference to university libraries http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11863 Title: The impact of the economic downturn on libraries: With special reference to university libraries Authors: Nicholas, D.; Rowlands, Ian; Jubb, M.; Jamali, H. R. Abstract: Evidence is presented of the extent to which libraries from around the world are experiencing financial hardship as a result of the world-wide economic downturn. Comparative analyses are provides on the grounds of country, sector and size of institution. The article concentrates on the situation of UK and US university libraries and is based on the findings of two research projects: (1) a global questionnaire survey to which more than 800 institutions responded; (2) a focus group study involving 16 UK university librarians. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11863 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Viewing and reading behaviour in a virtual environment: The full-text download and what can be read into it http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11876 Title: Viewing and reading behaviour in a virtual environment: The full-text download and what can be read into it Authors: Nicholas, D.; Huntington, P.; Jamali, H. R.; Rowlands, Ian; Dobrowolski, T.; Tenopir, C. Abstract: Purpose – This article aims to focus on usage data in respect to full‐text downloads of journal articles, which is considered an important usage (satisfaction) metric by librarians and publishers. The purpose is to evaluate the evidence regarding full‐text viewing by pooling together data on the full‐text viewing of tens of thousands of users studied as part of a number of investigations of e‐journal databases conducted during the Virtual Scholar research programme. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the web logs of a number of electronic journal libraries including OhioLINK and ScienceDirect using Deep Log Analysis, which is a more sophisticated form of transactional log analysis. The frequency, characteristics and diversity of full‐text viewing are examined. The article also features an investigation into the time spent online viewing full‐text articles in order to get a clearer understanding of the significance of full‐text viewing, especially in regard to reading. Findings – The main findings are that there is a great deal of variety amongst scholars in their full‐text viewing habits and that a large proportion of views are very cursory in nature, although there is survey evidence to suggest that reading goes on offline. Originality/value – This is the first time that full‐text viewing evidence is studied on such a large scale. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11876 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Science journal editors' views on publication ethics: results of an international survey http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11871 Title: Science journal editors' views on publication ethics: results of an international survey Authors: Wager, E.; Fiack, S.; Graf, C.; Robinson, A.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: Background: Breaches of publication ethics such as plagiarism, data fabrication and redundant publication are recognised as forms of research misconduct that can undermine the scientific literature. We surveyed journal editors to determine their views about a range of publication ethics issues. Methods: Questionnaire sent to 524 editors-in-chief of Wiley-Blackwell science journals asking about the severity and frequency of 16 ethical issues at their journals, their confidence in handling such issues, and their awareness and use of guidelines. Results: Responses were obtained from 231 editors (44%), of whom 48% edited healthcare journals. The general level of concern about the 16 issues was low, with mean severity scores of <1 (on a scale of 0–3) for all but one. The issue of greatest concern (mean score 1.19) was redundant publication. Most editors felt confident in handling the issues, with <15% feeling “not at all confident” for all but one of the issues (gift authorship, 22% not confident). Most editors believed such problems occurred less than once a year and >20% of the editors stated that 12 of the 16 items never occurred at their journal. However, 13%–47% did not know the frequency of the problems. Awareness and use of guidelines was generally low. Most editors were unaware of all except other journals’ instructions. Conclusions: Most editors of science journals seem not very concerned about publication ethics and believe that misconduct occurs only rarely in their journals. Many editors are unfamiliar with available guidelines but would welcome more guidance or training. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11871 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z UK scholarly e-book usage: A landmark survey http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11875 Title: UK scholarly e-book usage: A landmark survey Authors: Nicholas, D.; Rowlands, Ian; Clark, D.; Huntington, P.; Jamali, H. R.; Ollé, C. Abstract: Purpose – This JISC funded UK National E‐Books Observatory study is a benchmarking survey of e‐book usage and perceptions in more than 120 participating universities. The paper aims to present the results that investigated: use of e‐books in general (methods of obtaining e‐books, reasons for using, viewing/reading behaviour in connection with e‐books); use of e‐books provided by the library; use of JISC collection texts (use and awareness); use of the library and print material in general. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on an online survey which was conducted between 18 January and 1 March 2008, over which period 22,437 full or partial responses were received. Findings – The study shows that e‐book penetration is very strong (61.8 per cent of all students are already using them in connection with their scholarly work, as teachers or students), so the e‐book revolution has already happened but clearly it has some way to go. Originality/value – The paper presents the results of the biggest survey of its kind ever conducted, which represents a huge advance in one's knowledge of e‐book use on a national scale. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11875 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Online use and information seeking behaviour: Institutional and subject comparisons of UK researchers http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11870 Title: Online use and information seeking behaviour: Institutional and subject comparisons of UK researchers Authors: Nicholas, D.; Clark, D.; Rowlands, Ian; Jamali, H. R. Abstract: The paper reports on the results of the project ‘Evaluating the usage and impact of e-journals in the UK’. Using deep log analysis techniques, we evaluated the use of the Oxford Journals database in regard to life sciences, economics and history by 10 major UK research institutions. The aim of the study was to investigate researchers’ digital behaviour, and to ascertain whether it varied by subjects and disciplines, or in relation to the institutions. The findings revealed significant subject and institutional differences. Life scientists were the biggest users. Economists made the greatest use of abstracts. Historians proved to be the most active searchers. Research intensive universities were characterized by high volume use and short session times, light sessions, and sessions which utilized few of the search functions available. Open access journals featured strongly in the ranked lists of life sciences and history; and Google was an extremely popular means of accessing journal content, especially so in the case of historians. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11870 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z E-textbook use, information seeking behaviour and its impact: Case study business and management http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11869 Title: E-textbook use, information seeking behaviour and its impact: Case study business and management Authors: Nicholas, D.; Rowlands, Ian; Jamali, H. R. Abstract: This paper evaluates the e-book usage and information seeking and reading behaviour of thousands of business and management students. Comparisons are made with students in other subjects. The data largely come from the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)-funded National e-Books Observatory (NeBO) project as well as the JISC User Behaviour Observational Study. The main sources of data were: a) transactional logs obtained from the MyiLibrary platform regarding 127 UK universities; b) questionnaire data for more than 5000 students and staff at these universities; c) hard-copy library circulation and retail sales data; and d) focus groups held with 50 staff and students from selected universities. The main findings were that e-textbooks can prove to be extremely popular and widely used, mainly for obtaining snippets of information and for fact finding. The main reason for using e-textbooks was ease of access and convenience. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11869 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Scholarly e-books: The views of 16,000 academics: Results from the JISC National E-Book Observatory http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11872 Title: Scholarly e-books: The views of 16,000 academics: Results from the JISC National E-Book Observatory Authors: Jamali, H. R.; Nicholas, D.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: Purpose – This study, a part of JISC‐funded UK National E‐Books Observatory, aims to find out about the perspective of students and academics, the main e‐book users, on e‐books. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides an analysis of two open‐ended questions about e‐books, contained in a UK national survey conducted between 18 January and 1 March 2008. The survey obtained a response from more than 20,000 academic staff and students; 16,000 free‐text responses were obtained to these two questions. Findings – The study discloses that convenience associated with online access along with searchability was the biggest advantage of e‐books. The study shows a potential market for e‐textbooks; however, e‐books have yet to become more student‐friendly by improving features such as printing and screenreading. Originality/value – This is the biggest survey of its kind ever conducted and it improves one's knowledge of what the academic community thinks of e‐books. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11872 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Student digital information-seeking behaviour in context http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11873 Title: Student digital information-seeking behaviour in context Authors: Nicholas, D.; Huntington, P.; Rowlands, Ian; Fieldhouse, M.; Jamali, H. R. Abstract: Purpose – This study provides evidence on the actual information‐seeking behaviour of students in a digital scholarly environment, not what they thought they did. It also compares student information‐seeking behaviour with that of other academic communities, and, in some cases, for practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered as part of CIBER's ongoing Virtual Scholar programme. In particular log data from two digital journals libraries, Blackwell Synergy and OhioLINK, and one e‐book collection (Oxford Scholarship Online) are utilized. Findings – The study showed a distinctive form of information‐seeking behaviour associated with students and differences between them and other members of the academic community. For example, students constituted the biggest users in terms of sessions and pages viewed, and they were more likely to undertake longer online sessions. Undergraduates and postgraduates were the most likely users of library links to access scholarly databases, suggesting an important “hot link” role for libraries. Originality/value – Few studies have focused on the actual (rather than perceived) information‐seeking behaviour of students. The study fills that gap. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11873 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z The role and future of the monograph in arts and humanities research http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11874 Title: The role and future of the monograph in arts and humanities research Authors: Williams, P.; Stevenson, I.; Nicholas, D.; Watkinson, A.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on a project undertaken at University College London (UCL) examining the role and value of the academic monograph – considering continuing decline in sales and usage – and its possible survival in the digital age. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach was adopted, in which 17 arts and humanities academics were interviewed in‐depth on their experiences and views. Findings – The monograph continues to be of great value in the arts and humanities field, and is seen as essential for career progression. Much concern was expressed about the decline in quality of this and other forms of writing, with pressures of the university Research Assessment Exercise foremost in contributing to this decline. Reservations were expressed about moving towards digital versions of the monograph, although print‐on‐demand was considered to be a viable option to enable the continuing publication of specialist works. Originality/value – This is the first in‐depth study of the role, value and future of the monograph from the viewpoint of the scholar, and so gives a unique insight into the scholarly communication behaviour of arts and humanities researchers. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11874 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Understanding Information Behaviour: How Do Students and Faculty Find Books? http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11877 Title: Understanding Information Behaviour: How Do Students and Faculty Find Books? Authors: Rowlands, Ian; Nicholas, D. Abstract: Faculty and students at University College London (UCL) were polled online in November 2006 as part of a wider investigation into the impact of e-books in UK higher education. One of the survey questions probed the strategies that members of the academic community use to identify the conventional printed books that they need for work, study, or leisure. This article reports on a quasi-experimental statistical investigation of the survey findings for this single question. Multivariate data analysis suggests that book discovery is very highly structured, with gender, subject discipline, and academic status offering powerful predictors of certain underlying behavioural strategies. A model of book discovery strategies is developed and this is used to help segment the survey population into those with high or low levels of dependence on formal library systems or nonlibrary-based solutions. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the practical implications of these findings for librarians, publishers, and booksellers. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11877 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z Creating a consumer market for scholarly journals http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11878 Title: Creating a consumer market for scholarly journals Authors: Nicholas, D.; Huntington, P.; Dobrowolski, T.; Rowlands, Ian Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative method for individuals to obtain documents using credits supplied by their institution to purchase at article level. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on the experience and knowledge gained from the extensive work that CIBER has done in analyzing the usage of large‐scale journal databases. Findings – It was found that such an approach has many advantages over the current librarian‐driven process. Originality/value – Digital content is variously neglected, abused, free, and expensive. This paper is as much about stimulating some new thinking in this important area as about setting out a new scholarly communication market model. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:23 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11878 2012-10-24T08:54:23Z No fate but what we make? Current trends and challenges in the UK document supply community http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11805 Title: No fate but what we make? Current trends and challenges in the UK document supply community Authors: Johnson, GJ Wed, 24 Oct 2012 08:54:21 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11805 2012-10-24T08:54:21Z UKCoRR – At the Heart of the UK Open Access Repository Landscape http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10872 Title: UKCoRR – At the Heart of the UK Open Access Repository Landscape Authors: Johnson, Gareth J. Tue, 03 Jul 2012 11:39:34 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10872 2012-07-03T11:39:34Z Social Media, Academic Research and the Role of University Libraries http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10858 Title: Social Media, Academic Research and the Role of University Libraries Authors: Nicholas, David; Watkinson, Anthony; Rowlands, Ian; Jubb, Michael Description: NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Academic Librarianship. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Academic Librarianship, [37 (5), pp. 373-375, (2011)] DOI#10.1016/j.acalib.2011.06.023 Tue, 26 Jun 2012 11:27:22 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10858 2012-06-26T11:27:22Z eTheses: Mandates, Embargoes, Compliance, Impact and Sanctions - The results of a brief survey http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10803 Title: eTheses: Mandates, Embargoes, Compliance, Impact and Sanctions - The results of a brief survey Authors: Johnson, Gareth J. Abstract: Following a discussion with the Director of Library Services and the Graduate Dean a brief questionnaire was mounted on Survey Monkey and distributed to UKCoRR members. In total 25 institutions responded. To ensure disambiguation of answers respondents were asked to include details of their organisation Specific answers are anonymised as a condition of the openness of the responses. Thu, 07 Jun 2012 10:06:56 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10803 2012-06-07T10:06:56Z Survivors Guide to Conferences http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10184 Title: Survivors Guide to Conferences Authors: Johnson, Gareth J. Tue, 13 Mar 2012 14:52:55 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10184 2012-03-13T14:52:55Z The Unspoken Rules of Blogging http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10177 Title: The Unspoken Rules of Blogging Authors: Johnson, Gareth J. Mon, 12 Mar 2012 16:39:37 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10177 2012-03-12T16:39:37Z
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