code: def _aggregate(data, norm=True, sort_by='value', keys=None):
      '''
      Counts the number of occurances of each item in 'data'.
      Inputs
      data: a list of values.
      norm: normalize the resulting counts (as percent)
      sort_by: how to sort the retured data. Options are 'value' and 'count'.
      Output
      a non-redundant list of values (from 'data') and a list of counts.
      '''
      if keys:
          vdict = {k: 0 for k in keys}
          for d in data:
              if d in keys:
                  vdict[d] += 1
      else:
          vdict = {}
          for d in data:
              vdict[d] = vdict[d] + 1 if d in vdict else 1
      vals = [(k, v) for k, v in vdict.items()]
      if sort_by == 'value':
          vals.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
      else:
          vals.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
      xs = [v[0] for v in vals]
      if norm:
          raw_y = [v[1] for v in vals]
          total_y = sum(raw_y)
          ys = [100. * y / total_y for y in raw_y]
      else:
          ys = [v[1] for v in vals]
      return xs, ys