code: def get_or_create_in_transaction(tsession, model, values, missing_columns = [], variable_columns = [], updatable_columns = [], only_use_supplied_columns = False, read_only = False):
      '''
      Uses the SQLAlchemy model to retrieve an existing record based on the supplied field values or, if there is no
      existing record, to create a new database record.
      :param tsession: An SQLAlchemy transactioned session
      :param model: The name of the SQLAlchemy class representing the table
      :param values: A dict of values which will be used to populate the fields of the model
      :param missing_columns: Elements of missing_columns are expected to be fields in the model but are left blank regardless of whether they exist in values. This is useful for auto_increment fields.
      :param updatable_columns: If these are specified, they are treated as missing columns in the record matching and if a record is found, these fields will be updated
      :param variable_columns: If these are specified, they are treated as missing columns in the record matching but are not updated. A good use of these are for datetime fields which default to the current datetime
      :param read_only: If this is set then we query the database and return an instance if one exists but we do not create a new record.
      :return:
      Note: This function is a convenience function and is NOT efficient. The "tsession.query(model).filter_by(**pruned_values)"
            call is only (sometimes) efficient if an index exists on the keys of pruned_values. If any of the fields of pruned_values are
            large (even if otherwise deferred/loaded lazily) then you will incur a performance hit on lookup. You may need
            to reconsider any calls to this function in inner loops of your code.'''
      values = copy.deepcopy(values)
      fieldnames = [c.name for c in list(sqlalchemy_inspect(model).columns)]
      for c in missing_columns:
          fieldnames.remove(c)
      for c in updatable_columns:
          fieldnames.remove(c)
      for c in variable_columns:
          if c in fieldnames:
              fieldnames.remove(c)
      if only_use_supplied_columns:
          fieldnames = sorted(set(fieldnames).intersection(set(values.keys())))
      else:
          unexpected_fields = set(values.keys()).difference(set(fieldnames)).difference(set(variable_columns)).difference(set(updatable_columns))
          if unexpected_fields:
              raise Exception("The fields '{0}' were passed but not found in the schema for table {1}.".format("', '".join(sorted(unexpected_fields)), model.__dict__['__tablename__']))
      pruned_values = {}
      for k in set(values.keys()).intersection(set(fieldnames)):
          v = values[k]
          pruned_values[k] = v
      instance = tsession.query(model).filter_by(**pruned_values)
      if instance.count() > 1:
          raise Exception('Multiple records were found with the search criteria.')
      instance = instance.first()
      if instance:
          if read_only == False:
              for c in updatable_columns:
                  setattr(instance, c, values[c])
              tsession.flush()
          return instance
      else:
          if read_only == False:
              if sorted(pruned_values.keys()) != sorted(fieldnames):
                  raise Exception('Some required fields are missing: {0}. Either supply these fields or add them to the missing_columns list.'.format(set(fieldnames).difference(pruned_values.keys())))
              instance = model(**pruned_values)
              tsession.add(instance)
              tsession.flush()
              return instance
          return None