code: def _parse_resource_usage(cls, action_dict, declarations):
          raw_used = action_dict.pop('use', [])
          opened = [x.strip() for x in action_dict.pop('open_before', [])]
          closed = [x.strip() for x in action_dict.pop('close_after', [])]
          used = {}
          for resource in raw_used:
              if 'as' in resource:
                  global_name, _, local_name = resource.partition('as')
                  global_name = global_name.strip()
                  local_name = local_name.strip()
                  if len(global_name) == 0 or len(local_name) == 0:
                      raise RecipeFileInvalid("Resource usage specified in action with invalid name using 'as' statement", global_name=global_name, local_name=local_name, statement=resource)
              else:
                  global_name = resource.strip()
                  local_name = global_name
              if local_name in used:
                  raise RecipeFileInvalid("Resource specified twice for action", args=action_dict, resource=local_name, used_resources=used)
              used[local_name] = global_name
          for name in (x for x in used.values() if x not in declarations):
              raise RecipeFileInvalid("Action makes use of non-declared shared resource", name=name)
          for name in (x for x in opened if x not in declarations):
              raise RecipeFileInvalid("Action specified a non-declared shared resource in open_before", name=name)
          for name in (x for x in closed if x not in declarations):
              raise RecipeFileInvalid("Action specified a non-declared shared resource in close_after", name=name)
          return ResourceUsage(used, opened, closed)