code: def add(self, data, value=None, timestamp=None, namespace=None,
              debug=False):
          if value is not None:
              return self.add(((data, value),), timestamp=timestamp,
                              namespace=namespace, debug=debug)
          writer = self.writer
          if writer is None:
              raise GaugedUseAfterFreeError
          if timestamp is None:
              timestamp = long(time() * 1000)
          config = self.config
          block_size = config.block_size
          this_block = timestamp // block_size
          this_array = (timestamp % block_size) // config.resolution
          if namespace is None:
              namespace = config.namespace
          if this_block < self.current_block or \
                  (this_block == self.current_block and
                   this_array < self.current_array):
              if config.append_only_violation == Writer.ERROR:
                  msg = 'Gauged is append-only; timestamps must be increasing'
                  raise GaugedAppendOnlyError(msg)
              elif config.append_only_violation == Writer.REWRITE:
                  this_block = self.current_block
                  this_array = self.current_array
              else:
                  return
          if isinstance(data, unicode):
              data = data.encode('utf8')
          if debug:
              return self.debug(timestamp, namespace, data)
          if this_block > self.current_block:
              self.flush_blocks()
              self.current_block = this_block
              self.current_array = this_array
          elif this_array > self.current_array:
              if not Gauged.writer_flush_arrays(writer, self.current_array):
                  raise MemoryError
              self.current_array = this_array
          data_points = 0
          namespace_statistics = self.statistics[namespace]
          whitelist = config.key_whitelist
          skip_long_keys = config.key_overflow == Writer.IGNORE
          skip_gauge_nan = config.gauge_nan == Writer.IGNORE
          if isinstance(data, str) and skip_gauge_nan \
                  and skip_long_keys and whitelist is None:
              data_points = c_uint32(0)
              if not Gauged.writer_emit_pairs(writer, namespace, data,
                                              byref(data_points)):
                  raise MemoryError
              data_points = data_points.value
          else:
              if isinstance(data, dict):
                  data = data.iteritems()
              elif isinstance(data, str):
                  data = self.parse_query(data)
              emit = Gauged.writer_emit
              for key, value in data:
                  key = to_bytes(key)
                  if whitelist is not None and key not in whitelist:
                      continue
                  try:
                      value = float(value)
                  except ValueError:
                      value = float('nan')
                  if value != value:
                      if skip_gauge_nan:
                          continue
                      raise GaugedNaNError
                  success = emit(writer, namespace, key, c_float(value))
                  if success != 1:
                      if not success:
                          raise MemoryError
                      elif success == Writer.KEY_OVERFLOW and not skip_long_keys:
                          msg = 'Key is larger than the driver allows '
                          msg += '(%s)' % key
                          raise GaugedKeyOverflowError(msg)
                  data_points += 1
          namespace_statistics.data_points += data_points
          if self.flush_now:
              self.flush()