code: def read_stream(cls, stream, validate=True):
          try:
              content = stream.read(cls.MAX_TORRENT_FILE_SIZE)
          except OSError as e:
              raise error.ReadError(e.errno)
          else:
              try:
                  metainfo_enc = bdecode(content)
              except BTFailure as e:
                  raise error.ParseError()
              if validate:
                  if b'info' not in metainfo_enc:
                      raise error.MetainfoError("Missing 'info'")
                  elif not isinstance(metainfo_enc[b'info'], abc.Mapping):
                      raise error.MetainfoError("'info' is not a dictionary")
                  elif b'pieces' not in metainfo_enc[b'info']:
                      raise error.MetainfoError("Missing 'pieces' in ['info']")
              if b'info' in metainfo_enc and b'pieces' in metainfo_enc[b'info']:
                  pieces = metainfo_enc[b'info'].pop(b'pieces')
                  metainfo = utils.decode_dict(metainfo_enc)
                  metainfo['info']['pieces'] = pieces
              else:
                  metainfo = utils.decode_dict(metainfo_enc)
              torrent = cls()
              torrent._metainfo = metainfo
              for attr in ('creation_date', 'private'):
                  setattr(torrent, attr, getattr(torrent, attr))
              info = torrent.metainfo['info']
              torrent.include_md5 = ('length' in info and 'md5sum' in info) or \
                                    ('files' in info and all('md5sum' in fileinfo
                                                             for fileinfo in info['files']))
              if validate:
                  torrent.validate()
              return torrent