code: def is_participle_clause_fragment(sentence):
      if not _begins_with_one_of(sentence, ['VBG', 'VBN', 'JJ']):
          return 0.0
      if _begins_with_one_of(sentence, ['JJ']):
          doc = nlp(sentence)
          fw = [w for w in doc][0]
          if fw.dep_ == 'amod':
              return 0.0
      if _begins_with_one_of(sentence, ['VBG']):
          doc = nlp(sentence)
          fw = [w for w in doc][0]
          if fw.dep_.endswith('subj'):
              return 0.0
          fc = [c for c in doc.noun_chunks]
          if str(fw) in str(fc):
              return 0.0
      positive_prob = models['participle'].predict([_text_to_vector(sentence,
          trigram2idx['participle'], trigram_count['participle'])])[0][1]
      return float(positive_prob)