David Sutherland (British Army officer)

Colonel David George Carr Sutherland CBE, MC*, TD, DL (28 October 1920 – 14 March 2006) was a British Army officer, intelligence officer and military author.

Sutherland was educated at Eton College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.Black Watch and went to France as part of the British Expeditionary Force.Battle of France. In 1940 he joined No. 8 (Guards) Commando in the Middle East and participated in Operation Flipper. In 1941 Sutherland served with the 1 Special Boat Service before serving with 1 Special Air Service (D Squadron) in the Western Desert between 1942 and 1943. On 16 November 1942 he was awarded the Military Cross for his part in Operation Anglo; he received a Bar in September 1943.mentioned in dispatches in January 1945 for "gallant & distinguished services against the enemy in the field."

Following the end of the Second World War, Sutherland was on the British military mission to Greece in 1946 (being awarded the Greek War Cross), before becoming an instructor at Sandhurst.MI5 throughout the period, in which he was appointed to advise on the security of the Kariba dam and oil installations in the Gulf before he was made head of station in Pakistan. Between 1956 and 1958 was commanding officer of 21 SAS Regiment. Sutherland served as deputy commander SAS Group from 1967 to 1972. In June 1974 he was invested as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire and retired as a colonel in 1977.

Sutherland served as deputy lieutenant for his home town of Peebles in 1974.

Publications

  * He Who Dares: Recollections of Service in the SAS, SBS and MI5 (1998)


Cordell Carnegie Public Library

The Cordell Carnegie Public Library is a historic Carnegie library located at 105 E. First St. in New Cordell, Oklahoma. The library was built in 1911 through a $10,000 grant from the Carnegie foundation; New Cordell's Commercial Club, which had opened a reading room the previous year, solicited the grant. Architect A. A. Crowell designed the library in the Mission Revival style; several of its elements reflect the emerging Spanish Colonial Revival style. The building's curved parapet walls, exposed rafters, and original red tile roof are all characteristic Mission Revival elements; its segmental arches, sunburst moldings, and ornamental ironwork resemble Spanish Colonial Revival work. The library was the only one in Washita County until the 1960s; it also served as a community center and was regularly used by local schools. In 1982, a new library opened in New Cordell, and the Carnegie Library building became the Washita County Historical Museum.

History

The Cordell Commercial Club established a Library Committee in early Spring of 1910. with I. M. Brill, as chairman of the committee. The committee's assignment was to establish a public library by collecting books and obtaining a grant from the Carnegie Foundation. The committee had built up a collection of 700 books by April 1910, through donations or purchases. By June, the Commercial Club had found sufficient space to open a reading room. In the fall of 1910, the Cordell City Council passed a 2-mill tax, which was earmarked for a library operating fund, a prerequisite for application for a Carnegie grant.

Cordell Carnegie Library was the only public library in Washita County until a small library was built in Sentinel, Oklahoma during the 1960s. However, the local paper (the Cordell Beacon), indicated that, as of January 28, 1981, individuals and school groups throughout the county continued their extensive use of the Cordell library.

NRHP listing

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places (as NRIS # 89001966) on November 13, 1989, under NRHP Criteria A and C.New Cordell Courthouse Square Historic District, on the National Register (NRIS = # 98001592.

Building description

Exterior


Cordell Carnegie Public Library

Building description

Exterior

The building is rectangular and measures 19 feet (5.8 m) north to south, and 42.5 feet (13.0 m) east to west. The first floor rises a half story above a full basement. It has a hipped roof, with mission-style parapets rising from the east and west walls and extending almost to the height of the ridge line. Steel rods that stabilize the parapets are terminated at each end with scrolled iron pieces. The original red tile Mission-style roof was removed in the 1950s and replaced with composition shingles. A safety handrail was installed on the front steps in 1985. Neither of these changes are judged to have altered the integrity of the building's location, setting, design, materials and/or workmanship.

The south elevation is the front of the building and has three bays. The entry is in the center bay, which is recessed between pilasters and under a compound segmented arch. The bays flanking the entry also have a compound segmented arch, but which contain a set of triple, single-light windows. Over each window is an arched transom, set with a stained-glass light. The center windows have been raised to allow installation of a window-type air cooler. The front facade also has paired double-hung basement windows, set in concrete window wells, with the top sash is above ground level. On the west side first floor, there is a single-light window on each side of the chimney; each is topped by a stained-glass transom; and set under a segmental arch. On the east side, there is a window identical to those on the west side. There is a smaller single-light window above a ground floor entrance to the basement. The basement windows have rowlock brick lintels and wood sills. The north facade has three arched, stained-glass transoms identical to those of the front facade. Sashes and frames of all windows are original.

The building has three entrances. The front entry is now an aluminum-frame door with plate glass.

Interior


Cordell Carnegie Public Library

Interior

At the time of the NRHP Application (1989), the building's interior was essentially unchanged from the original construction. There were two exceptions: (1) the original wood floor had been covered with carpet, and (2) the original plastered ceiling had been concealed by a drop ceiling with fluorescent fixtures. Both of these had been installed in the 1980s.

The first floor still consists of one large room (formerly the reading room). All of the interior woodwork and trim are original.


Damburneya roberto-andinoi

Damburneya roberto-andinoi is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Honduras.

Damburneya roberto-andinoi grows in humid lowland and montane forests in the Chortis Highlands, from 700 to 1,600 meters elevation.


Dambüyük, Elâzığ

Dambüyük is a village in the Elazığ District of Elazığ Province in Turkey.

Infrastructure

There is a primary school in the village, but it isn't being used. The village has drinking water network, but there is no sewerage system. There is no PTT branch or PTT agency. There is no health centers and health posts. There is electricity and fixed phones also the road that provides access to the village is asphalt.


Dambulla Giants in 2021

The Dambulla Giants (DG) is a franchise cricket team that competes in 2021 Lanka Premier League. The team is based in Dambulla, Central Province, Sri Lanka. In September 2021, Dambulla Viiking changed their name to Dambulla Giants after having new owners.Dasun Shanaka and coached by Stuart Law.

Squad

  * Players with international caps are listed in bold.
  * Ages given as of 5 December 2021, the date the first match of the tournament was played
S/N             Name                       Nationality   Date of birth (age)         Batting style  Bowling style           Notes
Batsman

24              Dilshan Munaweera          Sri Lanka     24 April 1989 (aged 32)     Right-handed   Right-arm off break
92              Sohaib Maqsood             Pakistan      15 April 1987 (aged 34)     Right-handed   Right-arm off break     Overseas player
1               Najibullah Zadran          Afghanistan   18 February 1993 (aged 28)  Left-handed    Right-arm off break     Overseas player
                Sacha De Alwis             Sri Lanka     30 January 1992 (aged 29)   Left- handed   Slow left arm orthodox
23              Rilee Rossouw              South Africa  9 October 1989 (aged 32)    Left- handed   Right-arm off break     Overseas player
 All-rounders
7               Dasun Shanaka              Sri Lanka     9 September 1991 (aged 30)  Right-handed   Right-arm medium        Captain
25              Ramesh Mendis              Sri Lanka     7 July 1995 (aged 26)       Right-handed   Right-arm off break
                Tharindu Ratnayake         Sri Lanka     18 April 1996 (aged 25)     Left-handed    Right-arm off break
                Muditha Lakshan            Sri Lanka     20 December 2000 (aged 20)  Right-handed   Slow left arm orthodox
                Sachitha Jayathilake       Sri Lanka     24 February 1997 (aged 24)  Right-handed   Right-arm leg break
                Janith Liyanage            Sri Lanka     12 July 1995 (aged 26)      Right-handed   Right-arm medium-fast
Wicket-keepers
48              Niroshan Dickwella         Sri Lanka     23 June 1993 (aged 28)      Left-handed
                Lahiru Udara               Sri Lanka     27 November 1993 (aged 28)  Right-handed   –
 Spin bowlers
99              Imran Tahir                South Africa  27 March 1979 (aged 42)     Right-handed   Right-arm leg break     Overseas player
                Madushan Ravichandrakumar  Sri Lanka     23 December 1994 (aged 26)  Right-handed   Right-arm leg break


Dambulla Giants in 2021

Chamikara Edirisinghe      Sri Lanka     4 April 1991 (aged 30)      Left-handed    Slow left arm orthodox
 Pace bowlers
29              Chamika Karunaratne        Sri Lanka     29 May 1996 (aged 25)       Right-handed   Right-arm medium-fast
63              Nuwan Pradeep              Sri Lanka     19 October 1986 (aged 35)   Right-handed   Right-arm fast
82              Josh Little                Ireland       1 November 1999 (aged 22)   Right-handed   Left-arm fast-medium    Overseas player
90              Marchant de Lange          South Africa  13 October 1990 (aged 31)   Right-handed   Right-arm fast          Overseas player

                Kalana Perera              Sri Lanka     28 July 2000 (aged 21)      Left-handed    Left-arm medium-fast
                Odean Smith                West Indies   1 November 1996 (aged 25)   Right-handed   Right-arm medium        Overseas player

Administration and support staff

Position         Name
Head coach       Stuart Law
Assistant coach  Sampath Perera
Fielding coach   Kaushalya Gajasinghe

Teams and standings

League table

     Team
Pos    * v                  Pld  W  L  NR  Pts  NRR
       * t
       * e
1    Jaffna Kings (C)       8    6  2  0   12   2.210
2    Galle Gladiators (R)   8    4  3  1   9    0.143
3    Colombo Stars (4th)    8    4  4  0   8    −0.571
4    Dambulla Giants (3rd)  8    3  4  1   7    −1.003
5    Kandy Warriors         8    2  6  0   4    −0.668

Source: ESPN Cricinfo
  * The top four teams qualified for the playoffs
  * Advanced to Qualifier 1
  * Advanced to Eliminator

League matches

Match 2
6 December 2021
15:00 (D/N)
Scorecard

Dambulla Giants               v  Kandy Warriors
190/7 (20 overs)                 170/8 (20 overs)
Phil Salt 64 (27)                Rovman Powell 42 (21)
Lahiru Kumara 3/34 (4 overs)     Ramesh Mendis 3/21 (4 overs)

Dambulla Giants won by 20 runs
R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
Umpires: Keerthi Bandara and Raveendra Wimalasiri
Player of the match: Phil Salt (Dambulla Giants)


Dambulla Giants in 2021

* Dambulla Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
Match 4
7 December 2021
15:00 (D/N)
Scorecard

Dambulla Giants                   v  Jaffna Kings
110 (19.3 overs)                     114/2 (12.3 overs)
Nuwanidu Fernando 23 (25)            Tom Kohler-Cadmore 45* (30)
Wanindu Hasaranga 3/16 (4 overs)     Imran Tahir 1/20 (4 overs)

Jaffna Kings won by 8 wickets
R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
Umpires: Kumar Dharmasena and Ravindra Kottahachchi
Player of the match: Maheesh Theekshana (Jaffna Kings)

  * Dambulla Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
Match 6
8 December 2021
15:00 (D/N)
Scorecard

Dambulla Giants                     v  Colombo Stars
195/6 (20 overs)                       177 (18.5 overs)
Phil Salt 62 (34)                      Dinesh Chandimal 26 (16)
Dushmantha Chameera 3/34 (4 overs)     Nuwan Pradeep 3/50 (4 overs)

Dambulla Giants won by 18 runs
R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
Umpires: Kumar Dharmasena and Rohitha Kottahachchi
Player of the match: Phil Salt (Dambulla Giants)

  * Dambulla Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
Match 8
10 December 2021
15:00 (D/N)
Scorecard

Dambulla Giants                v  Galle Gladiators
159/7 (20 overs)                  18/0 (1.2 overs)
Dasun Shanaka 37 (32)             Kusal Mendis 15* (5)
Nuwan Thushara 2/24 (3 overs)

No result
R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
Umpires: Keerthi Bandara and Lyndon Hannibal

  * Dambulla Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
  * No further play was possible due to rain.
Match 11
11 December 2021
19:30 (N)
Scorecard


Dambulla Giants in 2021

Dambulla Giants                   v  Colombo Stars
138/9 (20 overs)                     137/8 (20 overs)
Niroshan Dickwella 30 (16)           Dinesh Chandimal 65* (40)
Jeffrey Vandersay 3/25 (4 overs)     Tharindu Ratnayake 3/18 (4 overs)

Dambulla Giants won by 1 run
R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
Umpires: Hemantha Boteju and Raveendra Wimalasiri
Player of the match: Tharindu Ratnayake (Dambulla Giants)

  * Dambulla Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
Match 14
13 December 2021
19:30 (N)
Scorecard

Dambulla Giants                     v  Jaffna Kings
69 (14.1 overs)                        71/3 (9.2 overs)
Phil Salt 23 (22)                      Wanindu Hasaranga 37 (18)
Chaturanga de Silva 4/16 (4 overs)     Imran Tahir 2/21 (4 overs)

Jaffna Kings won by 7 wickets
R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
Umpires: Keerthi Bandara and Raveendra Wimalasiri
Player of the match: Chaturanga de Silva (Jaffna Kings)

  * Jaffna Kings won the toss and elected to field.
Match 16
14 December 2021
19:30 (N)
Scorecard

Galle Gladiators            v  Dambulla Giants
134/7 (14 overs)               125/5 (14 overs)
Kusal Mendis 35 (17)           Janith Liyanage 51 (37)
Imran Tahir 3/20 (3 overs)     Samit Patel 2/24 (3 overs)

Galle Gladiators won by 9 runs
R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
Umpires: Ravindra Kottahachchi and Prageeth Rambukwella
Player of the match: Samit Patel (Galle Gladiators)

  * Dambulla Giants won the toss and elected to field.
  * The match was reduced to 14 overs per side due to rain.
Match 18
16 December 2021
19:30 (N)
Scorecard


Dambulla Giants in 2021

Dambulla Giants                 v  Kandy Warriors
130/9 (20 overs)                   135/4 (19.2 overs)
Ramesh Mendis 41 (28)              Ravi Bopara 59* (50)
Binura Fernando 3/22 (4 overs)     Imran Tahir 2/17 (4 overs)

Kandy Warriors won by 6 wickets
R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
Umpires: Rohitha Kottahachchi and Raveendra Wimalasiri
Player of the match: Ravi Bopara (Kandy Warriors)

  * Dambulla Giants won the toss and elected to bat.

Playoffs

Main article: 2021 Lanka Premier League § Playoffs

Eliminator

Match 21
19 December 2021
16:00 (D/N)
Scorecard

Colombo Stars                 v  Dambulla Giants
145/6 (20 overs)                 146/4 (18.5 overs)
Angelo Mathews 50* (34)          Janith Liyanage 56* (47)
Nuwan Pradeep 2/23 (4 overs)     Dushmantha Chameera 1/24 (4 overs)

Dambulla Giants won by 6 wickets
Mahinda Rajapaksa International Cricket Stadium, Hambantota
Umpires: Lyndon Hannibal and Raveendra Wimalasiri
Player of the match: Janith Liyanage (Dambulla Giants)

  * Colombo Stars won the toss and elected to bat.

Qualifier 2

Match 23
21 December 2021
19:30 (N)
Scorecard

Jaffna Kings                      v  Dambulla Giants
210/4 (20 overs)                     187/9 (20 overs)
Avishka Fernando 100 (64)            Chamika Karunaratne 75* (47)
Lahiru Samarakoon 2/30 (2 overs)     Jayden Seales 3/24 (4 overs)

Jaffna Kings won by 23 runs
Mahinda Rajapaksa International Cricket Stadium, Hambantota
Umpires: Lyndon Hannibal and Prageeth Rambukwella
Player of the match: Avishka Fernando (Jaffna Kings)

  * Dambulla Giants won the toss and elected to field.
  * Avishka Fernando (Jaffna Kings) scored his first century in Twenty20 cricket.

Statistics

Most runs


Dambulla Giants in 2021

Statistics

Most runs

Player               Matches  Runs  High score
Phil Salt            10       301   64
Chamika Karunaratne  10       156   75*
Najibullah Zadran    9        152   54
Niroshan Dickwella   10       151   37
Dasun Shanaka        8        139   38

  * Source: ESPNcricinfo

Most wickets

Player               Matches  Wickets  Best bowling
Imran Tahir          10       15       3/20
Nuwan Pradeep        8        10       3/31
Ramesh Mendis        10       7        3/21
Tharindu Ratnayake   6        6        3/18
Chamika Karunaratne  10       5        2/46

  * Source: ESPNcricinfo


Dambořice oil field

The Dambořice oil field is an oil field located in Dambořice, Hodonín District, South Moravian Region. It was discovered in 1995 and developed by Unipetrol. It began production in 1996 and produces oil. The total proven reserves of the Dambořice oil field are around 15 million barrels (2.2×106 tonnes), and production is centered on 4,700 barrels per day (750 m3/d).

  * Energy in the Czech Republic


Cryptocephalus virens

Cryptocephalus virens is a cylindrical leaf beetle belonging to the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Cryptocephalinae. The species was first described by Christian Wilhelm Ludwig Eduard Suffrian in 1847.

Description

The females are usually slightly larger than the males. The colour of the head, pronotum and elytra is metallic green in the females, while in males the elytra are usually metallic blue. Adult beetles live from May to June, feeding mainly on nectar of Asteraceae species.

Distribution

These beetles can be found in southern and central Europe from the Italian Alps and Bavaria to southern Poland, Russia, Turkey, the east Palearctic realm and the Near East. They prefer hilly and mountainous regions.

  * BioLib
  * Fauna Europaea
  * Synopsis of the Described Coleoptera of the World
  * Insects.tamu.edu
  * Coleoptera.ksib.pl
  * Karoly Vig - Leaf beetle collection of the Mátra Museum


Cryptochirality

In stereochemistry, cryptochirality is a special case of chirality in which a molecule is chiral but its specific rotation is non-measurable. The underlying reason for the lack of rotation is the specific electronic properties of the molecule. The term was introduced by Kurt Mislow in 1977.

For example, the alkane 5-ethyl-5-propylundecane found in certain species of Phaseolus vulgaris is chiral at its central quaternary carbon, but neither enantiomeric form has any observable optical rotation:

[Enantiomers of 5-ethyl-5-propylundecane]

Enantiomers of 5-ethyl-5-propylundecane

It is still possible to distinguish between the two enantiomers by using them in asymmetric synthesis of another chemical whose stereochemical nature can be measured. For example, the Soai reaction of 2-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-ynyl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde with diisopropylzinc performed in the presence of 5-ethyl-5-propylundecane forms a secondary alcohol with a high enantiomeric excess based on the major enantiomer of the alkane that was used.

Even a slight enantiomeric excess of the alkane is rapidly amplified due to the autocatalytic nature of this reaction.

Cryptochirality also occurs in polymeric systems growing from chiral initiators, for example in dendrimers having lobes of different sizes attached to a central core.

The term is also used to describe a situation where an enantiomeric excess lies far below the observational horizon, but is still relevant, e.g. in highly enantiosensitive, self-amplifying reactions.


Cryptocephalus vapidus

Cryptocephalus vapidus is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.

  * Quinn, Mike. "North American Cryptocephalus species (Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae)". Texas Entomology
  * White, Richard E. (1968). "A Review of the Genus Cryptocephalus in America North of Mexico (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera)". Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 290: 1–124. doi:10.5479/si.03629236.290.1. hdl:10088/10243.
  * Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 6: Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-26091-7.


Diadegma defectivum

Diadegma defectivum is a wasp first described by Kokujev in 1915. No subspecies are listed.


Diadegma crassiseta

Diadegma crassiseta is a wasp first described by C.G. Thomson in 1887. No subspecies are listed.


Diadegma crassulum

Not to be confused with Diadegma crassum.

Diadegma crassulum is a wasp first described by Walley in 1967. No subspecies are listed.


Diadegma cylindricum

Diadegma cylindricum is a wasp first described by Carl Gustav Alexander Brischke in 1880. No subspecies are listed.


Diadegma dispar

Diadegma disparwasp first described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1790.


Actor-manager

Actor-manager Henry Irving

An actor-manager is a leading actor who sets up their own permanent theatrical company and manages the business, sometimes taking over a theatre to perform select plays in which they usually star. It is a method of theatrical production used consistently since the 16th century, particularly common in 19th-century Britain and the United States.

History

The first actor-managers, such as Robert Browne, appeared in the late 16th century, to be followed by another Robert Browne (no relation) and George Jolly in the 17th century. In the 18th century, actor-managers such as Colley Cibber and David Garrick gained prominence. The system of actor-management generally produced high standards of performance, as demonstrated by such 19th-century actors as William Macready, Charles Wyndham, Henry Irving, Frank Benson and Herbert Beerbohm Tree, by husband-wife teams such as Squire Bancroft and Effie Bancroft, Frank Wyatt and Violet Melnotte, William Hunter Kendal and Madge Robertson Kendal and Thomas and Priscilla German Reed, and by women stars, such as Lucia Elizabeth Vestris, Selina Dolaro, Evelyn Millard, Sarah Bernhardt, Sarah Thorne, Gertrude Kingston, Emily Soldene, Laura Keene and Lydia Thompson, among many others.

Henry Irving in The Bells, 1874

In the 19th century, the negative reputation of actors was largely reversed, and acting became an honored, popular profession and art.

The 19th-century repertoire usually consisted of a combination of the works of Shakespeare, popular melodramas, and new dramas, comedies or musical theatre works. The era of the actor-manager was geared to star performances, such as Irving's role in the 1871 play The Bells.

20th century


Actor-manager

20th century

The system of actor-management waned in the early 20th century, as actor-managers were replaced first by stage managers and later by theatre directors.Theatrical Syndicate, Edward Laurillard and The Shubert Organization, a trend toward ensemble-style acting, and a move towards the financial security offered by long runs rather than rotating plays for a short period.World War II a combination of social, financial and technological factors, combined with the rising popularity of film and radio, lead to the diminishing of the actor-manager system, with its last two great exponents being Sir Donald Wolfit and Sir Laurence Olivier, both of whom were actively working within a (by then) old fashioned framework.

Though no longer the standard practice, modern actor-managers do exist and increasingly fringe work is being explored on this model as actors look to provide themselves with an artistic platform which they have the means to control. Examples include Kevin Spacey when he worked as the artistic director of the Old Vic in London, Samuel West when he briefly ran the Sheffield CrucibleKenneth Branagh in the Kenneth Branagh Theatre Company.

  * Donaldson, Lady Frances Annesley. The Actor Managers Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London (1970)
  * Thomas, James. The Art of the Actor-Manager: Wilson Barrett and the Victorian Theatre Bowker (1984)
  * Pearson, Hesketh. The Last Actor-Managers Methuen and Co Ltd (1950)


Damián Cerdá

Damián Cerdá (born 26 April 1940) is a Spanish former sports shooter. He competed in the 25 metre pistol event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.


Damián Martínez (footballer, born 1990)

Damián Martínez (footballer, born 1990) may refer to:

  * Damián Martínez (footballer, born January 1990), Argentine defender for Unión Santa Fe
  * Damián Martínez (footballer, born June 1990), Argentine forward for CRIBA


Davis Pereira

Davis Pereira (born 21 January 1958) is a Brazilian former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

  * Davis Pereira at ProCyclingStats
  * Davis Pereira at Olympedia


Curien

Curien may refer to:

  * Hubert Curien (1924–2005), a French physicist and a key figure in European science politics
      + Hubert Curien Pluridisciplinary Institute
      + Hubert Curien Laboratory
  * Curien Kaniamparambil (1913–2015), a priest in the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church and a scholar in Syriac language
  * Curien, a fictional family in The House of the Dead
  *
  * Curienne, a commune in France


Curigwen Lewis

Curigwen Lewis (1 November 1905 – 17 February 1992) was a Welsh actress of stage and screen.

She was born in Llandrindod Wells as Martha Curigwen Lewis. In 1939 she married actor Andrew Cruickshank,Dr. Finlay's Casebook. The couple had three children.

She was a leading lady with the Birmingham Repertory Company and the Old Vic Company.

Her television work included Choir Practice (1949) and Pride and Prejudice (1938). In the 1954 film John Wesley, she portrayed Susanna Wesley, the mother of John and Charles Wesley. In 1949, she played the leading role of Bathsheba Everdene in a BBC radio dramatisation of Far From the Madding Crowd.

She died, aged 86, in Westminster, London.


Curiglia con Monteviasco

Curiglia con Monteviasco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Milan and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Varese in the Val Veddasca, on the border with Switzerland. The municipal seat is in Curiglia.

  * Funivia di Monteviasco


Curicta scorpio

Curicta scorpio is a species of waterscorpion in the family Nepidae. It is found in Central America and North America.


Curimatá

This is for the Brazilian town. For the genus of characid fish see Curimata (fish)

Curimata is a municipality in the state of Piauí in the Northeast region of Brazil

  * List of municipalities in Piauí

10°02′09″S 44°18′21″W / 10.0358°S 44.3058°W


Cyclotrachelus whitcombi

Cyclotrachelus whitcombi is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

  * Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2017). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-33029-0.


Cyclotrachelus blatchleyi

Cyclotrachelus blatchleyi is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

  * Freitag, Richard (1969). "A revision of the species of the genus Evarthrus LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae)". Quaestiones Entomologicae. 5 (2): 89–212. ISSN 0033-5037.
  * Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2017). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-33029-0.


Cyclotropis

Cyclotropis may refer to:

  * Cyclotropis (gastropod), a genus of gastropods in the family Assimineidae
  * Cyclotropis, a genus of millipedes in the family Aphelidesmidae, synonym of Thrinoxethus
  * Cyclotropis, a genus of gastropods in the family Oriostomatidae, synonym of Beraunia


Dama y obrero

Dama y obrero may refer to:

  * Dama y obrero (Chilean TV series)
  * Dama y obrero (U.S. TV series)


Dam Tang-e Orveh

Dam Tang-e Orveh (Persian: دم تنگ عروه, also Romanized as Dam Tang-e ‘Orveh and Dam Tang Orveh; also known as Dam Tang)Tayebi-ye Garmsiri-ye Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Landeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27, in 8 families.


Dama Chiefdom

Dama Chiefdom is a chiefdom in Kenema District of Sierra Leone.Giema.


Dama language (Sierra Leone)

Not to be confused with Dama language (disambiguation).

Dama is an extinct language of Sierra Leone. It was replaced by Mende. Based on a few remembered words and toponyms, Dalby (1963) believed it to be a Northern Mande language, similar to Kono and Vai, but Glottolog leaves it unclassified.


William Stokes

William Stokes may refer to:

Politicians

  * William Stokes (MP) for Leominster (UK Parliament constituency) in 1421
  * William Brickly Stokes (1814–1897), American soldier and politician
  * J. William Stokes (1853–1901), U.S. Representative from South Carolina
  * William R. Stokes, American politician and mayor of Augusta, Maine

Doctors

  * William Stokes (physician) (1804–1878), Irish physician
  * Sir William Stokes (surgeon) (1839–1900), his son
  * William Royal Stokes (1870–1930), American physician and bacteriologist

Others

  * William Axton Stokes (1814–1877), Philadelphia attorney and Major in the American Civil War
  * William Earl Dodge Stokes (1852–1926), American property developer
  * William Stokes (Victoria cricketer) (1857-1929), Australian cricketer
  * William Stokes (Western Australia cricketer) (1886-1954), Australian cricketer
  * William Lee Stokes (1915-1994, known as the "Father of Utah geology"), American geologist and paleontologist
  * William H. Stokes (born 1957), American bishop
  * William James Stokes, musician better known by stage name Sir The Baptist
  * Willie Stokes (disambiguation)


Administrative Review Board (Labor)

In April 1996, the United States Secretary of Labor established the Administrative Review Board (ARB) to succeed the former Board of Service Contract Appeals, Wage Appeals Board, and Office of Administrative Appeals. The board consists of a maximum of five members, one of whom is designated the chair. The Secretary of Labor appoints the members based upon their qualifications and competence in matters within the board's authority.

The board's cases arise upon appeal from decisions of Department of Labor Administrative Law Judges or the administrator of the department's Wage and Hour Division. The board issues final agency decisions for the Secretary of Labor in cases arising under a wide range of labor laws, primarily involving environmental, transportation and securities whistleblower protection; immigration; child labor; employment discrimination; job training; seasonal and migrant workers and federal construction and service contracts. Depending upon the statute at issue, the board's decisions may be appealed to federal district or appellate courts.

  * Official Website of the Administrative Review Board


Aiguille de Péclet

Aiguille de Péclet (3,561 m) is a mountain of Savoie, France. It lies in the Massif de la Vanoise in the Graian Alps east of the resort of Val Thorens, on the edge of the Vanoise National Park.


Flyscooters

Rachel Ray Show with Renee Zellweger and Harry Connick Jr.

Flyscooters, formerly known under the name Znen, was an American company that marketed gas-powered motor scooters manufactured in China and Taiwan. The company was founded in 2006 in Florida

Flyscooters' main marketing focus was the Internet, although the company attended industry events and trade shows and promoted their brand through other PR initiatives .

Models

Scooters

  * El Capitan 250
  * X808 150
  * Seba 150
  * Swift 150
  * Cadenza 150 cc
  * Il Bello 50 & 150 cc
  * La Vie 150 cc
  * Swift 50 cc
  * Rio 50cc & 150cc
  * Trek 50cc & 150cc
  * Pico 50cc
  * E-250 250cc
  * Fly Scout 110cc

Il Bello

Flyscooter Il Bello 2006 has a classic-vintage look

Flyscooter Il Bello, 2008

The Il Bello is a street legal, gas-powered motor scooter assembled in China using parts sourced from China,.Honda Joker and is the flagship vehicle of Flyscooters. The Il Bello has 4-stroke air-cooled motor and gets 70-90 mpg. It is certified by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). It comes in 50cc and 150cc. Sometimes the Il Bello is erroneously called Il Bella. The Il Bello is assembled in China at Taizhou Zhongneng Motorcycle Co. Ltd, also known in the industry as ZNEN. The Il Bello is available from brick and mortar dealers.

50 cc specification:


Flyscooters

50 cc specification:

  * Engine: Single Cylinder, 4-stroke
  * Displacement: 50cc
  * Fuel Consumption: 88 mpg
  * Top Speed: 37 mph
  * Cooling System: Forced Air
  * Compression Ratio: 10.5 to 1
  * Maximum Power: 2.7 hp @ 8000 rpm
  * Maximum Torque 1.6 ft lb @ 6000 rpm
  * Fuel System: carbureted
  * Drive System: CVT (fully automated)
  * Load Capacity: 230 lbs
  * Starting System: electric and kick start
  * Front tire: 3.5 – 10 inch
  * Rear tire: 3.5 – 10 inch
  * Front Suspension: dual telescopic
  * Rear Suspension: single non-adjustable shock
  * Front brake: performance disc
  * Rear brake: drum
  * Dry Weight: 213 lbs
  * Wheelbase: 47.8 inches
  * Ground Clearance: 3.9 inches
  * Seat Height: 27.2 inches
  * Overall Length: 74.1 inches
  * Fuel Capacity: 1.43 gallon
  * Battery: 12 volt
  * Transmission Belts: Gates, United States
  * Spark Plugs: NGK, Japan
  * Bearings: NSK, Japan
  * Piston Rings: ATG, Taiwan
  * Gasoline: 91 octane
  * Tires: Chengshin, Taiwan or Duro Huafeng, Taiwan
  * Battery: YUASA
  * Headlight: Philips
  * Carburetor: Deni (joint venture of KEIHIN, Japan) used in Harley Davidson, Honda and other major brands of motorcycles.

150 cc specifications:


Flyscooters

150 cc specifications:

  * Engine: Single Cylinder, 4-stroke
  * Displacement: 150cc
  * Fuel Consumption: 79mpg
  * Top Speed: 50 mph
  * Cooling System: Forced Air
  * Compression Ratio: 9.2 to 1
  * Maximum Power: 8.4 hp @ 7000 rpm
  * Maximum Torque 5.0 ft lb @ 6000 rpm
  * Fuel System: Carbureted
  * Drive System: CVT (fully automated)
  * Load Capacity: 310 lbs
  * Starting System: electric and kick start
  * Front tire: 3.5 – 10 inch
  * Rear tire: 3.5 – 10 inch
  * Front Suspension: dual telescopic
  * Rear Suspension: single non-adjustable shock
  * Front brake: performance disc
  * Rear brake: drum
  * Dry Weight: 223 lbs
  * Wheelbase: 47.8 inches
  * Ground Clearance: 3.9 inches
  * Seat Height: 27.2 inches
  * Overall Length: 74.1 inches
  * Fuel Capacity: 1.3 gallon
  * Battery: 12 volt
  * Transmission Belts: Gates, United States
  * Spark Plugs: NGK, Japan
  * Bearings: NSK, Japan
  * Piston Rings: ATG, Taiwan
  * Gasoline: 91 octane
  * Tires: Chengshin, Taiwan or Duro Huafeng, Taiwan
  * Battery: YUASA
  * Headlight: Philips
  * Carburetor: Deni (joint venture of KEIHIN, Japan) used in Harley Davidson, Honda and other major brands of motorcycles.

La Vie

La Vie is a street legal, gas-powered motor scooter assembled in China using parts sourced from China, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States.4-stroke air-cooled motor and gets 95-100 mpg. It is certified by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the United States Department of Transportation (DOT).

La Vie is assembled in China and only available from brick and mortar dealers;

La Vie comes in Sea Mist Green, Montego Red, Royal Purple and Cinnamon Brown. It is no longer available in Peruvian Gold.ABS material rather than fiberglass or metal.

The demographic breakdown of La Vie riders is roughly half riders trying to go green and be eco-friendly while the other half is made up of senior citizens.


Flyscooters

La Vie riders are active on forums,Scooter Squadron. Flyscooters is known for strong dealer support, dedication to customer service and encourages good will and philanthropy that range from teaming with Avon, Massachusetts fire fighters to raise money for a relief fund,Marlborough School where the La Vie was photographed with actress Jamie Lee Curtis.

Specifications:

  * Engine: Single Cylinder, 4-stroke
  * Displacement: 151cc
  * Fuel Consumption: 74mpg
  * Top Speed: 55 mph
  * Cooling System: Forced Air
  * Compression Ratio: 9.2 to 1
  * Maximum Power: 8.4 hp @ 7000 rpm
  * Maximum Torque 5.0 ft lb @ 6000 rpm
  * Fuel System: Carbureted
  * Drive System: CVT (fully automated)
  * Load Capacity: 330 lbs
  * Starting System: electric and kick start
  * Front tire: Tubeless 120/70-12"
  * Rear tire: Tubeless 120/70-12"
  * Front Suspension: dual hydraulic shock absorbers
  * Rear Suspension: pre-loaded adjustable hydraulic shock absorber
  * Front brake: hydraulically operated performance disc
  * Rear brake: hydraulically operated performance disc
  * Dry Weight: 242 lbs (110 kg)
  * Wheelbase: 54.8 inches
  * Seat Height: 33.0 inches
  * Fuel Capacity: 1.3 gallon
  * Battery: 12 volt
  * Transmission Belts: Gates, US
  * Spark Plugs: NGK, Japan
  * Bearings: NSK, Japan
  * Piston Rings: ATG, Taiwan
  * Gasoline: 91 octane
  * Tires: Chengshin, Taiwan or Duro Huafeng, Taiwan
  * Battery: YUASA
  * Headlight: Philips
  * Carburetor: Deni (joint venture of KEIHIN, Japan) used in Harley Davidson, Honda and other major brands of motorcycles.

Accessory


Flyscooters

Accessory

  * Scooter Bug trailer
  * Li, Leon, "Flyscooters Signs With CPI (press release)", Dealer News
  * Asia Media, Journal of Culture and Commerce, vol. 2, no. 5, March 7, 2008 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  * Just Gotta Scoot, May 2008
  * Rachel Ray Show
  * Discovery Science Channel, Scooter Shooter Episode July 2009
  * Patriot Ledger newspaper
  * Avon Local paper
  * International Scooterists BBS
  * ScootDawg Scooter Forum
  * Asia Media, Journal of Culture and Commerce, March 7, 2008. Vol. II, Issue V
  * Just Gotta Scoot, May 2008
  * Patriot Ledger newspaper
  * Avon Local paper
  * International Scooterists BBS
  * ScootDawg Scooter Forum
  * Just Gotta Scoot Just Gotta Scoot, May 2008
  * Rachael Ray Show January 30, 2009
  * Hollywood.com March 12, 2009
  * Celebrity Sitings March 12, 2009
  * DailyCeleb March 12, 2009
  * Discovery Science Channel, Scooter Shooter Episode, July 2009
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flyscooters.
  * Official Flyscooters site
  * Scooters at Curlie
  * Review by Scootdawg
  * Review by Powersports Network


Valley of the Kings (video game)

Valley of the Kings, subtitled A Graphics Adventure, is a video game written by Thomas M. Krischan for the Atari 8-bit family and published by Dynacomp in 1982.

Gameplay

Valley of the Kings is a game in which the player navigates a maze of passages in ancient Egypt, obtaining valuable objects and fighting enemies.

Reception

David Stone reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "since it's [sic] play-value is not derived from solving riddles and puzzles, but rather from maneuvering the onscreen character, there's plenty of fun to be had by replaying the adventure to try to beat your last score."


Angelica kingii

Angelica kingii is a species of angelica known as King's angelica. It is native to the western United States, especially the Great Basin region. This is a taprooted perennial herb varying in shape and size. It produces an erect, hollow stem to heights between 30 centimeters and two meters. The large leaves are composed of many lance-shaped leaflets each up to 12 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a compound umbel with up to 14 long rays each holding clusters of small hairy flowers. The fruit is a pair of bodies about half a centimeter long each containing a seed.

  * Jepson Manual Treatment
  * USDA Plants Profile
  * "Angelica kingii". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.


Map of the results of the 2007 St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council election. Liberal Democrats in yellow, Labour in red and Conservatives in blue.

The 2007 St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2007 to elect members of St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council in Merseyside, England. One third of the council was up for election and the council stayed under no overall control.

After the election, the composition of the council was

  * Labour 21
  * Liberal Democrats 20
  * Conservative 6
  * Independent 1

Background

After the last election in 2006, Labour were the largest party with 23 councillors, compared to 19 for the Liberal Democrats and 6 for the Conservatives.independent councillors,independent and 1 seat was vacant,

17 seats were contested at the election, including 2 seats in Sutton,Bold, Haydock, Town Centre and West Park wards.British National Party,Community Action Party in Bold.

Election result

The Labour and Liberal Democrat parties both gained 2 seats from each other to leave the party balance on the council unchanged.Thatto Heath and West Park to leave Labour on 21 seats, with the winner in West Park, Marlene Quinn, being the sister of the Labour group leader Marie Rimmer.

Following the election the independent councillor Bessie Griffin joined the Liberal Democrats, which meant both the Labour and Liberal Democrat groups had 21 seats.

St Helens local election result 2007
Party  Seats                        Gains  Losses  Net gain/loss  Seats %  Votes %  Votes  +/−
       Liberal Democrats            8      2       2              0        47.1     41.4   19,781  +1.8%
       Labour                       7      2       2              0        41.2     37.7   18,030  -2.7%
       Conservative                 2      0       0              0        11.8     17.0   8,146   -0.3%
       BNP                          0      0       0              0        0        1.8    879     +1.1%
       Community Action             0      0       0              0        0        1.2    561     -0.7%
       Community Performance First  0      0       0              0        0        0.7    313     +0.7%
       Green                        0      0       0              0        0        0.2    110     +0.2%

Ward results


Ward results

Billinge and Seneley Green
Party     Candidate                    Votes            %      ±%
          Labour                       Joe Pearson      1,321  42.5  -5.3
          Conservative                 Michael Hodgson  922    29.7  -1.1
          Liberal Democrats            Charles Gadsden  551    17.7  -3.7
          Community Performance First  Vinny Kay        313    10.1  +10.1
Majority  399                          12.8             -4.2
Turnout   3,107                        34.0             -0.8
          Labour hold                  Swing

Blackbrook
Party     Candidate          Votes           %      ±%
          Labour             Linda Maloney   1,266  63.7  +15.0
          Liberal Democrats  Ruth Smith      299    15.0  -12.6
          Conservative       Judith Collins  259    13.0  +4.4
          Community Action   Janet Smee      164    8.2   -4.5
Majority  967                48.6            +27.5
Turnout   1,988              28.9            -1.4
          Labour hold        Swing

Bold
Party     Candidate               Votes            %     ±%
          Liberal Democrats       Stephen Topping  933   43.9  -4.8
          Labour                  Charlie Preston  911   42.9  -2.0
          Conservative            Charmian Pyke    165   7.8   +1.4
          Community Action        Brian Green      117   5.5   +5.5
Majority  22                      1.0              -2.8
Turnout   2,126                   28.7             -2.2
          Liberal Democrats hold  Swing

Earlestown
Party     Candidate          Votes             %      ±%
          Labour             Keith Deakin      1,090  44.8  -3.8
          Liberal Democrats  David Smith       1,000  41.1  +0.9
          Conservative       Brian Honey       234    9.6   -1.6
          Green              Andie Pennington  110    4.5   +4.5
Majority  90                 3.7               -4.7
Turnout   2,434              30.2              +0.5
          Labour hold        Swing

Eccleston
Party     Candidate               Votes            %      ±%
          Liberal Democrats       Shirley Evans    2,696  69.8  +2.5
          Conservative            Kathleen Barton  587    15.2  -2.2
          Labour                  Lynn Glover      577    14.9  -0.4
Majority  2,109                   54.6             +4.8
Turnout   3,860                   41.4             -1.4
          Liberal Democrats hold  Swing


Haydock
Party     Candidate                           Votes          %      ±%
          Liberal Democrats                   Janet Sheldon  1,820  59.6  +4.5
          Labour                              Ken Cleary     1,022  33.5  -5.6
          Conservative                        Anthony Rigby  211    6.9   +1.1
Majority  798                                 26.1           +10.1
Turnout   3,053                               33.6           -2.9
          Liberal Democrats gain from Labour  Swing

Moss Bank
Party     Candidate               Votes             %      ±%
          Liberal Democrats       Anne Heyes        1,707  54.2  +1.9
          Labour                  Roy Litherland    1,189  37.7  -2.5
          Conservative            William Highcock  254    8.1   +0.6
Majority  518                     16.4              +4.3
Turnout   3,150                   35.8              -0.3
          Liberal Democrats hold  Swing

Newton
Party     Candidate               Votes            %      ±%
          Liberal Democrats       Peter Astbury    2,003  69.7  +5.6
          Labour                  Louise Hazelby   613    21.3  -5.8
          Conservative            Margaret Harvey  257    8.9   +0.1
Majority  1,390                   48.4             +11.4
Turnout   2,873                   34.9             +0.3
          Liberal Democrats hold  Swing

Parr
Party     Candidate          Votes              %      ±%
          Labour             Keith Roberts      1,379  69.2  +3.2
          Liberal Democrats  Gary Pulfer        466    23.4  -5.0
          Conservative       Madeleine Wilcock  148    7.4   +1.8
Majority  913                45.8               +8.2
Turnout   1,993              23.2               -2.4
          Labour hold        Swing

Rainford
Party     Candidate          Votes             %      ±%
          Conservative       David Grice       2,099  71.7  +11.8
          Labour             David Wood        634    21.7  -5.8
          Liberal Democrats  Frederick Barret  194    6.6   -6.1
Majority  1,465              50.1              +17.7
Turnout   2,927              42.9              +0.2
          Conservative hold  Swing

Rainhill
Party     Candidate          Votes             %      ±%
          Labour             Joseph De Asha    1,508  45.9  -0.2
          Conservative       Henry Spriggs     872    26.5  -3.8
          Liberal Democrats  Christina Duncan  629    19.1  -4.5
          BNP                Frances Chesney   278    8.5   +8.5
Majority  636                19.3              +3.5
Turnout   3,287              35.8              +1.1
          Labour hold        Swing


Sutton (2 seats)
Party    Candidate               Votes              %      ±%
         Liberal Democrats       Kenneth Knowles    2,198
         Liberal Democrats       Stephanie Topping  1,797
         Labour                  Mike Glover        817
         Labour                  Derek Maylor       747
         Conservative            Barbara Johnson    225
Turnout  5,784                   30.3               +4.7
         Liberal Democrats hold  Swing

         Liberal Democrats hold  Swing

Thatto Heath
Party     Candidate                           Votes                       %      ±%
          Labour                              Patricia Martinez-Williams  1,274  48.3  -7.6
          Liberal Democrats                   Patricia Robinson           794    30.1  +10.7
          Conservative                        Barbara Woodcock            201    7.6   -1.7
          BNP                                 Damian Smith                187    7.1   +7.1
          Community Action                    Michael Perry               180    6.8   -8.7
Majority  480                                 18.2                        -18.3
Turnout   2,636                               29.2                        +2.5
          Labour gain from Liberal Democrats  Swing

Town Centre
Party     Candidate                           Votes           %      ±%
          Liberal Democrats                   Janet Hennessy  1,099  45.2  +4.2
          Labour                              Martin Bond     959    39.4  +0.2
          BNP                                 Kevin Devine    194    8.0   -4.0
          Conservative                        Jill Jones      129    5.3   +0.9
          Community Action                    Leslie Teeling  50     2.1   -1.4
Majority  140                                 5.8             +4.0
Turnout   2,431                               29.5            -1.8
          Liberal Democrats gain from Labour  Swing

West Park
Party     Candidate                           Votes           %      ±%
          Labour                              Marlene Quinn   1,741  52.2  +0.4
          Liberal Democrats                   David Evans     1,150  34.5  -4.8
          BNP                                 Eric Swindells  220    6.6   +6.6
          Conservative                        Richard Barton  174    5.2   -0.5
          Community Action                    Tracy Lavelle   50     1.5   -1.7
Majority  591                                 17.7            +5.2
Turnout   3,335                               37.1            -4.5
          Labour gain from Liberal Democrats  Swing

Windle
Party     Candidate          Votes            %      ±%
          Conservative       Nancy Ashcroft   1,409  49.7  +0.8
          Labour             Geoffrey Almond  982    34.6  +0.6
          Liberal Democrats  Noreen Knowles   445    15.7  -1.3
Majority  427                15.1             +0.2
Turnout   2,836              35.2             -1.3
          Conservative hold  Swing


Arm of Orion

Arm of Orion, Orion's Arm or Orion Arm may refer to:

  * Orion Arm, a spur-spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy, where the Earth is located
  * Constellation of Orion's arm
  * Orion's Arm or Orion's Arm Universe Project, a science fiction world building project established in 2000
  * Orion-Asteroid Retrieval Mission (Orion-ARM), variant of the Asteroid Retrieval Mission using Orion


Baila Mi Rumba

"Baila Mi Rumba" ("Dance My Rumba") is a dance song written by Isidore York, Rudy Pérez and V. M. Hernández, produced by Pérez and Emilio Estefan, Jr., and performed by Venezuelan singer José Luis Rodríguez "El Puma". It was released in 1989 as the lead single from his studio album Tengo Derecho a Ser Feliz (1989), and became his second number-one single in the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart after "Y Tú También Llorarás" in 1987.Billboard Latin Pop Albums.

"Baila Mi Rumba" is one of Rodríguez' signature songs and the recipient of a Grammy Award nomination for Best Latin Pop Performance, which it lost to José Feliciano's rendition of "Cielito Lindo".greatest hits collections by the singer, most of the time on edited versions, as in The Best of Jose Luis Rodríguez: Ultimate Collection where it was shortened from its original length of 6:31 to 3:22.

Chart performance

The song debuted in the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart at number 33 in the week of April 29, 1989, climbing to the top ten four weeks later.La Incondicional" by Luis Miguel and being replaced by Ana Gabriel with "Simplemente Amigos". It ranked second in the Hot Latin Tracks Year-End Chart of 1989, spent 29 weeks within the Top 40 in United States, and has been covered by several performers including Beto y sus Canarios, Alfredo y sus Teclados and Tony Camargo.

Weekly charts

Chart (1989)                    Peak
                                position
Chile (IFPI)                       3
Ecuador (UPI)                      4
El Salvador (UPI)                  9
Mexico (AMPROFON)                  10
Panama (UPI)                       1
Uruguay (UPI)                      5
US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard)  1

  * List of number-one Billboard Top Latin Songs from the 1980s


Flyspot Rocks

The Flyspot Rocks are rocks rising 35 metres (115 ft) above sea level, lying 26 kilometres (14 nmi) northwest of the Terra Firma Islands in Marguerite Bay. The rocks are ice covered on the south sides but mainly ice free on their northern sides. They were probably first sighted in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot who, from a position slightly northwestward, charted a "doubtful" island in essentially this position. The group was roughly sketched from the air by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) on a flight of February 1, 1937. They were visited and surveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. The name arose at an earlier date because of their indistinct appearance as represented on the BGLE map.

[Public Domain] This article incorporates public domain material from "Flyspot Rocks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.


Fighting Gravity (band)

Fighting Gravity is an American music group based out of Richmond, Virginia, United States. Originally a ska band called Boy O Boy, Fighting Gravity has incorporated a variety of music into their style, including reggae, rock, and ska. Fighting Gravity was formed while its original members were attending Virginia Tech.Rolling Stone by senior editor David Wild as part of the summer college issue.

History

In 2007, Fighting Gravity, along with Dave Matthews Band, Barenaked Ladies, Guster, and O.A.R., took part in the IZStyle Winter Tour, a series of concerts aimed at raising awareness of alternative and renewable energy sources.Collegiate School in Richmond, Virginia.My Only Secret, and then went on to perform as a vocalist for the band In Full. Rich Stine went on to form and play in Elevator to Space and toured with Stephen Kellogg and the Sixers for a short time before moving on to music production and engineering.Maggie L. Walker Governor's School.Freeman High School and is now the band director at Deep Run High School. Eric Lawson continues to perform as keyboardist for Flat Elvis, a Richmond-based '80s band. He is a freelance music journalist and works for a tech company. Michael Sauri is one of the guitar players in Schiavone McGee's band and owns a home remodeling contracting company called Tri-Vista in Arlington.

Fighting Gravity performed a few reunion shows in 2017, with the last of the year being performed as part of the 102.1 The X Miracle on Broad Street Tour at The National in Richmond on December 26 and 27, along with The NorVa on the 28th and a D.C. show in Spring 2019.

Musical style

In late 2003 and early 2004, Fighting Gravity consciously decided to change their musical style. The band released the horn section and changed its songwriting style to a more guitar-driven rock. The change was welcome among most, but had a few skeptics.

Awards and accolades

Fighting Gravity has sold more than 300,000 albums and performed before more than one million people in the United States and abroad, including locales such as Tokyo and Honduras,USO tours overseas for United States troops. Fighting Gravity is supported by 25,000 email subscribers and 1,500 street team members.

Band members


Fighting Gravity (band)

Band members

Originally, the band consisted of guitarist David "Tree" Triano, bassist/vocalist David Peterson, with drummer Jamie Bruce and trumpeter Jane Roebuck followed by keyboardist Eric Lawson, trumpeter Jim Pennington, trombonist Chris Leitch, and drummer Mike Boyd. In 1995, Pennington departed and was replaced by saxophonist Karl von Klein. In 1996, Chris Leitch departed and was replaced by trombonist/percussionist John Utley. In 1997, Karl von Klein departed, replaced by saxophonist Mike Ghegan. In 1999, Ghegan departed, replaced by trombonist/turntablist Stefan Demetriadis. Guitarist Michael Sauri replaced a departed Triano in 2000. In 2001, a rotation of horns brought saxophonist Kevin Tyser into the section. The horns were phased out in 2003-2004.

Discography

Studio albums

  * Boy O Boy O Boy (1991)
  * Shish-ska-BOB (1992)
  * Bobsled (1992)
  * No Stopping, No Standing (1994)
  * Forever=One Day (1996)
  * Everywhere and In Between (1998) (MP3.com album)
  * You and Everybody Else (1998)
  * Hello Cleveland (1999) (live album)
  * Flood Zone (2000) (live album)
  * Under the Radar (2001) (live acoustic album)
  * Blue Sky and Black (2006)
  * Fighting Gravity: An Interview With Mike Boyd (April 2015)
  * Spotlight On: Fighting Gravity Band Trying To Rise Above Ground Level (May 1996)
  * Never Forgotten (December 2017)


Fighting Fiction

Fighting Fiction were an English punk rock band based for most of their career in Brighton, England, driven by core members Jacob Glew and Andrew Cooke.

The band received notable attention from Mike Davies (BBC Radio 1's Punk Show) and Tom Robinson (BBC Radio 6 Music) at BBC Radio, BBC Introducing, Rocksound and Big Cheese Magazine after the release of their first EP A Lesser Of Two Evils (2009), and continued to gain positive media reception beyond the release of their debut self-titled album in 2012.Xtra Mile Records, whose roster includes Against Me!, Frank Turner and Sonic Boom Six. The release of sophomore album The Long And Short Of It in September 2013 was followed by a sizable world tour, spanning 10 countries.

The group disbanded in March 2014.

Discography and history

Early years, A Lesser Of Two Evils (2007–2009)

Fighting Fiction met whilst studying in Bath in 2007. Jacob briefly met Andrew at a party during their first week of university and, after meeting Matthew Roffe, they started writing music together under the name 'Co.jack'. Drummer Rob Ballingall joined a number of weeks later, having known Andrew through the music scene where they both grew up. Throughout 2007 the band wrote, demoed and gigged relentlessly whilst studying, focusing mainly on the southwest region of England. In the summer of 2008 the band were booked to play a small festival in Normandy, France, which is where they met their manager Matthew Wood. Wood and his London-based company, Dead Planet, would become a large part of the forward momentum, and he subsequently aligned them with highly credited record producer Mark Williams (Biffy Clyro, Enter Shikari, Million Dead, Oceansize, Yourcodenameis:milo). The band formed an ongoing relationship with Williams, who has since worked on every record the band has released.

"We Will Not Forget" (2010)

"We Will Not Forget", a standalone single, was recorded at Leeder's Farm in Norfolk in January 2010 and released in May. By this time, drummer Rob Ballingall had already made the decision to leave the band to move to Brooklyn, USA. He officially left the band in April 2010 and was quickly replaced by Adam Wells, who featured in the single's music video and toured with the band until early 2011.


Fighting Fiction

"Rock N Roll is Dead and Its Corpse Is For Sale", Fighting Fiction (2011–2012)

In 2011 the band relocated from Bath to Brighton and was joined by new drummer Nate Davenport. They hit Envy Studios in Petersfield and recorded their self-titled album over several consecutive weekends in March. Lead single "Rock N Roll is Dead and Its Corpse Is for Sale" was released in May. Throughout the remainder of 2011 the band embarked on two extensive UK tours and opened up the Lock-Up Stage at Reading and Leeds Festivals, playing alongside bands like Descendents, Flogging Molly, Frank Turner, Hot Water Music, OFF! and The Black Pacific. Fighting Fiction was finally released on 12 February 2012 by Xtra Mile Records to relative success, achieving promising reception from numerous radio networks and music magazines. In May 2012, after over a year, Davenport left the band and was replaced in July by new drummer Alex Davis.Miss Vincent.

7" split EP, The Long And The Short Of It (2013)

During the recording of the follow-up in the spring of 2013 Roffe left the band and was replaced temporarily by session bass player Jamie Carl Moody, thereby enabling Cooke to concentrate solely on guitar. The Long And The Short Of It was released on 16 September 2013 by Xtra Mile Recordings. A limited-edition 7" vinyl split EP with Dutch band Sweet Empire was released simultaneously and contains two album songs, including the title track. The album was recorded in a number of different locations, including a barn in the middle of West Sussex and the recording studios at Guildford University. In the weeks following the release of the album the band replaced Moody and Davis with bassist Will Bright and drummer Douglas Hunt and undertook a sizable UK, European and American tour spanning 10 countries.

Demise (2014)

In March 2014, the band announced their decision to disband, posting a heartfelt message of thanks on Facebook.

Members

Final line-up

  * Jacob Glew - Vocals and guitar (2007–2014)
  * Andrew Cooke - Guitar, bass and vocals (2007–2013), guitar and vocals (2013–2014)
  * Will Bright - Bass (2013–2014)
  * Douglas Hunt - Drums (2013–2014)

Past members


Fighting Fiction

Past members

  * Robert Ballingall - Drums (2007–2010)
  * Adam Wells - Drums (2010–2011)
  * Nate Davenport - Drums (2011–2012)
  * Alex Davis - Drums (2012–2013)
  * Matthew Roffe - Guitar, bass and vocals (2007–2013)
  * Jamie Carl Moody - Bass (2013)


Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's high jump

Athletics at the
2022 Commonwealth Games

Qualification
Track / road events
100 m                    men  women
100 m T12                men
100 m T34                     women
100 m T38                men  women
100 m T47                men
200 m                    men  women
400 m                    men  women
800 m                    men  women
1500 m                   men  women
1500 m T54               men  women
5000 m                   men  women
10,000 m                 men  women
100 m hurdles                 women
110 m hurdles            men
400 m hurdles            men  women
3000 m steeplechase      men  women
4×100 m relay            men  women
4×400 m relay            men  women
Marathon                 men  women
Marathon T54             men  women
10,000 m walk            men  women
Field events
High jump                men  women
Pole vault               men  women
Long jump                men  women
Triple jump              men  women
Shot put                 men  women
Shot put F57                  women
Discus throw             men  women
Discus throw F44/64      men  women
Hammer throw             men  women
Javelin throw            men  women
Combined events
Heptathlon                    women
Decathlon                men
  * v
  * t
  * e

The women's high jump at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, as part of the athletics programme, took place in the Alexander Stadium on 4 and 6 August 2022.

Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Games records were as follows:

World record         Stefka Kostadinova (BUL)  2.09 m  Rome, Italy          30 August 1987
Commonwealth record  Hestrie Cloete (RSA)      2.06 m  Saint-Denis, France  31 August 2003
Games record         Hestrie Cloete (RSA)      1.96 m  Manchester, England  30 July 2002

Schedule

The schedule was as follows:

Date                    Time   Round
Thursday 4 August 2022  11:05  Qualification
Saturday 6 August 2022  10:17  Final

All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Results

Qualification

Qualification: 1.90 (Q) or 12 best performers (q) advance to the Final. .


Rank  Group  Name                         1.60  1.66  1.71  1.76  1.81  Result  Notes
1     A      Temitope Adeshina (NGR)      –     –     o     o     o     1.81    q
1     B      Abigail Kwarteng (GHA)       –     –     –     o     o     1.81    q
1     B      Morgan Lake (ENG)            –     –     –     o     o     1.81    q
1     B      Nicola Olyslagers (AUS)      –     –     –     –     o     1.81    q
1     A      Eleanor Patterson (AUS)      –     –     –     –     o     1.81    q
1     A      Kimberly Williamson (JAM)    –     –     –     o     o     1.81    q
1     A      Laura Zialor (ENG)           –     –     o     o     o     1.81    q
8     A      Emily Borthwick (ENG)        –     –     –     xo    o     1.81    q
8     B      Esther Isa (NGR)             –     –     o     xo    o     1.81    q
8     B      Keeley O'Hagan (NZL)         –     –     o     xo    o     1.81    q
11    B      Lamara Distin (JAM)          –     –     –     –     xo    1.81    q
12    A      Rose Amoanimaa Yeboah (GHA)  –     o     o     o     xxo   1.81    q, SB
13    B      Natasha Chetty (SEY)         xo    o     o     o     xxx   1.76    SB
14    A      Tyra Gittens (TTO)           –     –     –     xo    xxx   1.76
15    A      Sakari Famous (BER)          –     –     o     xxo   xxx   1.76
15    B      Michelle Sng Suat Li (SGP)   o     o     o     xxo   xxx   1.76
17    B      Despoina Charalambous (CYP)  –     o     o     xxx         1.71
18    A      Ummay Rumky (BAN)            o     o     xxx               1.66

Final

The medals were determined in the final.


Final

The medals were determined in the final.

Rank                             Name                         1.71  1.76  1.81  1.85  1.89  1.92  1.95  1.98  Result  Notes
[1st place, gold medalist(s)]    Lamara Distin (JAM)          –     o     o     o     o     xo    o     xxx   1.95
[2nd place, silver medalist(s)]  Eleanor Patterson (AUS)      –     –     –     o     o     xo    xxx         1.92
[3rd place, bronze medalist(s)]  Kimberly Williamson (JAM)    –     o     o     xo    o     xo    xxx         1.92
4                                Morgan Lake (ENG)            –     –     xo    xo    o     xo    xxx         1.92
5                                Abigail Kwarteng (GHA)       o     o     o     o     o     xxx               1.89
6                                Keeley O'Hagan (NZL)         –     o     xxo   o     xxo   xxx               1.89    PB
7                                Rose Amoanimaa Yeboah (GHA)  o     xxo   o     o     xxx                     1.85    PB
8                                Laura Zialor (ENG)           –     o     o     xo    xxx                     1.85
9                                Esther Isa (NGR)             o     o     o     xxx                           1.81
10                               Temitope Adeshina (NGR)      xo    o     xxo   xxx                           1.81
11                               Emily Borthwick (ENG)        –     o     xxx                                 1.76
                                 Nicola Olyslagers (AUS)      DNS


Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10,000 metres walk

Athletics at the
2022 Commonwealth Games

Qualification
Track / road events
100 m                    men  women
100 m T12                men
100 m T34                     women
100 m T38                men  women
100 m T47                men
200 m                    men  women
400 m                    men  women
800 m                    men  women
1500 m                   men  women
1500 m T54               men  women
5000 m                   men  women
10,000 m                 men  women
100 m hurdles                 women
110 m hurdles            men
400 m hurdles            men  women
3000 m steeplechase      men  women
4×100 m relay            men  women
4×400 m relay            men  women
Marathon                 men  women
Marathon T54             men  women
10,000 m walk            men  women
Field events
High jump                men  women
Pole vault               men  women
Long jump                men  women
Triple jump              men  women
Shot put                 men  women
Shot put F57                  women
Discus throw             men  women
Discus throw F44/64      men  women
Hammer throw             men  women
Javelin throw            men  women
Combined events
Heptathlon                    women
Decathlon                men
  * v
  * t
  * e

The Women's 10,000 metres walk at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, as part of the athletics programme, took place in the Alexander Stadium on 6 August 2022.

Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Games records were as follows:

World record         Nadezhda Ryashkina (URS)  41:56.23  Seattle, United States  24 July 1990
Commonwealth record  Kerry Saxby (AUS)         41:57.22  Seattle, United States  24 July 1990
Games record         New event

Schedule

The schedule was as follows:

Date                    Time   Round
Saturday 6 August 2022  10:30  Final

All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Results

Final

The medals were determined in the final.


Final

The medals were determined in the final.

Rank                             Name                      Result    Notes
[1st place, gold medalist(s)]    Jemima Montag (AUS)       42:34.30  GR, PB
[2nd place, silver medalist(s)]  Priyanka Goswami (IND)    43:38.83  NR
[3rd place, bronze medalist(s)]  Emily Wamusyi Ngii (KEN)  43:50.86  AR
4                                Rebecca Henderson (AUS)   44:44.58
5                                Heather Lewis (WAL)       45:09.19  PB
6                                Bethan Davies (WAL)       45:45.59  SB
7                                Katie Hayward (AUS)       46:09.51
8                                Bhawna Jat (IND)          47:14.13  PB


Athletics at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metres (T34)

Athletics at the
2022 Commonwealth Games

Qualification
Track / road events
100 m                    men  women
100 m T12                men
100 m T34                     women
100 m T38                men  women
100 m T47                men
200 m                    men  women
400 m                    men  women
800 m                    men  women
1500 m                   men  women
1500 m T54               men  women
5000 m                   men  women
10,000 m                 men  women
100 m hurdles                 women
110 m hurdles            men
400 m hurdles            men  women
3000 m steeplechase      men  women
4×100 m relay            men  women
4×400 m relay            men  women
Marathon                 men  women
Marathon T54             men  women
10,000 m walk            men  women
Field events
High jump                men  women
Pole vault               men  women
Long jump                men  women
Triple jump              men  women
Shot put                 men  women
Shot put F57                  women
Discus throw             men  women
Discus throw F44/64      men  women
Hammer throw             men  women
Javelin throw            men  women
Combined events
Heptathlon                    women
Decathlon                men
  * v
  * t
  * e

The women's 100 metres (T34) at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, as part of the athletics programme, took place in the Alexander Stadium on 2 August 2022.

Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Games records were as follows:

Records T33
World record  Shelby Watson (GBR)    19.89  Nottwil, Switzerland  26 May 2016
Records T34
World record  Hannah Cockroft (GBR)  16.39  Tokyo, Japan          29 August 2021

Schedule

The schedule was as follows:

Date                   Time   Round
Tuesday 2 August 2022  21:54  Final

All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Results

Final

The medals were determined in the final.

Wind: +1.7m/s

Rank                             Lane  Name                       Sport class  Result  Notes
[1st place, gold medalist(s)]    2     Hannah Cockroft (ENG)      T34          16.84   GR
[2nd place, silver medalist(s)]  4     Kare Adenegan (ENG)        T34          17.79   SB
[3rd place, bronze medalist(s)]  6     Fabienne André (ENG)       T34          19.58
4                                3     Robyn Lambird (AUS)        T34          19.68
5                                5     Sarah Clifton-Bligh (AUS)  T33          22.71   GR
6                                7     Rosemary Little (AUS)      T33          23.05   PB


French cruiser Iphigénie

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Iphigénie.

Iphigénie was an unprotected cruiser of the French Navy built in the late 1870s and early 1880s. The ship was originally intended to serve overseas in the French colonial empire, but shortly after she was completed, the navy decided to convert her into a dedicated training ship. Her original armament of twenty medium-caliber guns was reduced to eight guns to free up space for accommodations. She spent her entire career, from 1884 to 1900, as a training vessel and she embarked on a total of eighteen significant training cruises. Her career passed relatively uneventfully, apart from a couple of minor accidents in the late 1880s. Having been replaced by a newer vessel in 1900, Iphigénie was decommissioned in August that year and was struck from the naval register in December 1901. She was eventually sold for scrap in 1905.

Design

In the aftermath of the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, the French Navy was forced to drastically reduce naval spending and consolidate its forces. The Navy adopted a new construction plan in 1872, which envisioned a fleet for operations in home waters and one to patrol overseas to protect French interests abroad. The squadrons that were to support the French colonial empire were to consist of a small number of second class ironclad warships supported by a large number of wooden cruising vessels.

The Minister of the Navy, Léon Martin Fourichon, requested designs for a new cruiser from French shipyards on 2 February 1877 for service with the overseas fleet. His specifications required a vessel of about 3,000 metric tons (2,950 long tons; 3,310 short tons), a top speed of at least 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) under steam, a wooden hull, a broadside battery covered by the upper deck, and accommodations for an admiral and his staff. The ship was to cruise primarily using its sails, which would give the crew the experience that Fourichon saw as necessary to be proper seamen. Fourichon requested the armament consist of eight or ten 164.7 mm (6.48 in) guns in the battery and two or three 194 mm (7.6 in) guns on the upper deck. He suggested using the frigate Flore as a model, albeit enlarged.


French cruiser Iphigénie

By the time three shipyards responded, Fourichon had been replaced by Albert Gicquel des Touches, who maintained his predecessor's construction plans. The Conseil des Travaux (Council of Works) argued that the designs would be of insufficient combat power compared to cruisers being built abroad. Regardless, Gicquel des Touches decided to proceed with construction of two vessels: one of the proposals, which became Iphigénie, was designed by Piere Gaston Hermann Valin; a second vessel became Naïade. Valin's design reduced the battery from Fourichon's specification to four 164.7 mm guns on the upper deck and twelve 138.6 mm (5.46 in) guns in the battery. During construction in 1880, the number of battery guns was reduced to ten.

Characteristics

Iphigénie was 74.53 m (244 ft 6 in) long at the waterline and 73.2 m (240 ft 2 in) long between perpendiculars, with a beam of 14.2 m (46 ft 7 in) and an average draft of 6.44 m (21 ft 2 in). She displaced 3,399.9 t (3,346.2 long tons).clipper bow and an overhanging stern. She had a forecastle and sterncastle. The ship had no armor protection. officers and enlisted men.

The ship was propelled by a single horizontal, 3-cylinder compound steam engine that drove a screw propeller. Steam was provided by eight coal-burning fire-tube boilers that were ducted into a single funnel located amidships. The power plant was rated to produce 2,240 indicated horsepower (1,670 kW), but during her initial speed testing, they reached 2,467 ihp (1,840 kW) for a top speed of 13.35 knots (24.72 km/h; 15.36 mph). The ship carried 435 t (428 long tons) of coal, and at a cruising speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph), Iphigénie could steam for 5,200 nautical miles (9,600 km; 6,000 mi). To supplement her steam engines, she was fitted with a three-masted full ship rig.


French cruiser Iphigénie

As originally built, the ship was armed with a main battery of two 164.7 mm (6.48 in) M1870 21-caliber (cal.) guns; they were placed in embrasures in the bow as chase guns. These were supported by a secondary battery of eighteen 138.6 mm (5.46 in) M1870 21.3-cal. guns. Of these, twelve were in a broadside battery, six guns per side. Four more were placed on the upper deck amidships, two guns per side. And the remaining pair of guns were placed on the sterncastle as stern-chasers. For close-range defense against torpedo boats, she carried ten 37 mm (1.5 in) Hotchkiss revolver cannon.

Modifications

The ship's armament underwent several alterations over the course of her career. Her conversion to a dedicated school ship in 1884 saw most of her guns removed, leaving a main battery of just eight 138.6 mm guns all on the upper deck. The forecastle guns were replaced with 100 mm (3.9 in) M1875 26.5-caliber guns. Her 37 mm Hotchkiss guns remained, and a pair of 65 mm (2.6 in) field guns were added, which could be taken ashore by a landing party. In 1886, her armament was reduced again, to six 138.6 mm guns, the two 100 mm chase guns, eight 37 mm guns, and the two 65 mm landing guns. She underwent another minor refit in 1890, during which the chase guns were replaced with an improved M1881 version of the same caliber, and two of the revolver cannon were replaced with 37 mm M1885 quick-firing guns. A single 356 mm (14 in) torpedo tube was placed in the original broadside battery space. A final refit in 1896 involved removing another pair of 138.6 mm guns, leaving just four guns of that caliber. Her other armament remained unchanged.

Service history

Iphigénie probably at Algiers in the mid-1880s


French cruiser Iphigénie

Iphigénie probably at Algiers in the mid-1880s

The keel for Iphigénie was laid down on 23 August 1877 and her completed hull was launched on 8 September 1881. Installation of the ship's propulsion machinery was delayed by more than a year while Naïade completed her initial testing. The two ships were fitted with similar propulsion systems, and the navy wanted to evaluate the machinery before proceeding with Iphigénie's construction. She was commissioned to begin sea trials on 15 May 1883, which included full power tests on 29 January 1884. She was completed the following month. While she was still undergoing trials, the decision was made on 16 October 1883 to convert Iphigénie to a dedicated training ship, and so following the end of trials on 27 February 1884, she was placed in the 3rd category of reserve to be converted. Her armament was significantly reduced. The ship was finally placed in full commission for active service on 16 August. Upon entering service, the ship was found to be cramped and the ship lacked sufficient sanitation facilities for lengthy voyages at sea. She nevertheless made eighteen major training cruises over the next sixteen years of active service.

While in Toulon on 3 March 1887, the ship caught fire and had to be partially flooded in a dry dock to put out the blaze. Repairs began thereafter and concluded on 5 May.breech before firing it.Iphigénie was refitted again in 1896, which included further alterations to her armament, along with modifications that improved living conditions aboard the ship. In January 1897, Iphigénie was re-rated as a third class cruiser. She was replaced as the fleet's training ship in mid-1900, having been replaced by the new vessel Duguay-Trouin. Iphigénie was decommissioned on 14 August, but she remained in the navy's inventory for more than a year before being struck from the naval register on 4 December 1901. Some thought was given to giving the ship to the civilian École professionnelle de Bordeaux, but the plan came to nothing and she was instead placed for sale on 20 August 1904 and sold for scrap on 19 January 1905.


French cruiser Iphigénie

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Iphigénie (ship, 1881).
  * Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
  * "Ordnance". Naval Mobilization and Improvement in Matériel. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1889. pp. 375–423.
  * Roberts, Stephen (2021). French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914. Barnsley: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-5267-4533-0.
  * Ropp, Theodore (1987). Roberts, Stephen S. (ed.). The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy, 1871–1904. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-141-6.


French cruiser Villars

Villars was the lead ship of the Villars class of unprotected cruisers built for the French Navy in the 1870s. The ships were designed for service in the French colonial empire, and they carried a relatively heavy battery of fifteen 138.6 mm (5.46 in) guns, and could steam at a speed of 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph). Villars was laid down in 1875 and was completed in 1881. She saw significant service in East Asia in the early to mid-1880s during France's campaign to secure a colony in Tonkin (now Vietnam) and the Sino-French War that began as a direct result of France's interference in what Qing China viewed as a traditional subordinate country. During the latter conflict, she saw action at the Battle of Fuzhou, where she assisted in the destruction of three Chinese cruisers, and later participated in the blockade of Formosa. The rest of the ship's career passed relatively uneventfully, and in 1896, she was struck from the naval register and thereafter sold for scrap.

Design

Main article: Villars-class cruiser

Plan and profile view of the Villars class

The four ships of the Villars class were ordered under the auspices of the naval plan of 1872, which was laid out to modernize the French Navy in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. The navy sought new unprotected cruisers that carried a heavier armament than earlier vessels, while maintaining a similar size to keep costs from increasing during a period of limited naval budgets. The design for the ships was drawn up by Victorin Sabattier. The vessels were intended to serve overseas in the French colonial empire.


French cruiser Villars

Villars was 74.27 m (243 ft 8 in) long at the waterline, with a beam of 11.6 m (38 ft 1 in) and an average draft of 5.3 m (17 ft 5 in). She displaced 2,419 t (2,381 long tons; 2,666 short tons) as designed. The ship had a ram bow and an overhanging stern. Her crew amounted to 269 officers and enlisted men. The ship's propulsion system consisted of a single compound steam engine driving a screw propeller. Steam was provided by six coal-burning fire-tube boilers that were ducted into a single funnel. Her machinery was rated to produce 2,700 indicated horsepower (2,000 kW) for a top speed of 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph). At a more economical speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph), the ship could steam for 4,810 nautical miles (8,910 km; 5,540 mi).

The ship was armed with a main battery of fifteen 138.6 mm (5.46 in) M1870M 21.3-caliber guns. Two were placed in the forecastle, firing through embrasures as chase guns, one was atop the stern, and the remainder were placed in an amidships battery on the upper deck, six guns per broadside. Of the broadside guns, the forward three on each side were placed in sponsons, while the remaining three guns were in pivot mounts firing through embrasures. A pair of 37 mm (1.5 in) Hotchkiss revolver cannon provided close-range defense against torpedo boats. She also carried a pair of 86.5 mm (3.41 in) bronze mountain guns or a single 65 mm (2.6 in) field gun that could be sent ashore with a landing party.

Service history


French cruiser Villars

Service history

Villars was laid down at the Arsenal de Cherbourg (Cherbourg Naval Base) on 9 July 1875, and she was launched on 21 August 1879. She was commissioned to begin sea trials in 1881, including full power testing carried out on 10 June. Her testing was completed in early July that year, and on 10 July, she was reduced to the 2nd category of reserve. She was recommissioned on 20 January 1882 for a deployment to what was to become French Indochina in East Asia.ironclad Victorieuse, the unprotected cruisers Volta and Kersaint, and the gunboat Lutin, and the unit was commanded by Rear Admiral Charles Meyer. Tensions in the region had risen considerably, particularly after the Battle of Hanoi in April. As a result, significant reinforcements under Rear Admiral Amédée Courbet were dispatched in early 1883 to strengthen French naval forces in the area as the Tonkin campaign got underway. With the arrival of Courbet's reinforcements, the unit was re-designated the Far East Squadron.Villars contributed a landing party to reinforce the unit commanded by Henri Rivière at Hanoi. The men were later involved in the Battle of Paper Bridge in May.

Sino-French War

Main article: Sino-French War


French cruiser Villars

Main article: Sino-French War

France's campaign to occupy Vietnam, a traditional subject of Qing China, led to clashes between French and Chinese forces, and ultimately, to the start of the Sino-French War in 1884. In late July, Villars was sent to Keelung, China, on the island of Formosa to initiate a blockade of the port. On 4 August, reinforcements arrived and Villars anchored in a position to prepare for a bombardment of the coastal fort protecting the harbor. The French issued an ultimatum that evening demanding that the garrison surrender, which the Chinese refused. At about 08:00 the next morning, Villars and several other French warships, including the ironclad La Galissonnière, opened fire, starting the Keelung campaign. After about 45 minutes of shooting, Villars and the gunboat Lutin forced the gunners at two outer forts to abandon their guns, and by 09:00, the Chinese stopped firing. Villars sent a landing party of 80 men ashore to capture the forts, and after Chinese soldiers began to mass for a counter-attack, La Galissonnière sent a party of her own to reinforce Villars' detachment. The ships also provided fire support, which disrupted the Chinese attack. On 6 August, the French forces ashore, which by now numbered around 200 men, attempted to capture Keelung itself. They quickly found themselves to be significantly outnumbered by some 2,000 Chinese soldiers, so the French fell back to the fortifications, destroyed the guns there, and then withdrew to their ships. Villars sailed south to Fuzhou to inform Courbet of the situation at Keelung.

Battle of Fuzhou

Illustration of the French squadron attacking the Fujian Fleet at the Battle of Fuzhou

Main article: Battle of Fuzhou


French cruiser Villars

Main article: Battle of Fuzhou

Villars arrived at Fuzhou on 15 August, followed the next day by the cruiser D'Estaing, and thereafter by the ironclad Triomphante. On 23 August, the French flotilla attacked the Chinese Fujian Fleet in the Battle of Fuzhou. Villars, D'Estaing, and the cruiser Duquay-Trouin engaged the Chinese cruisers Feiyun and Ji'an and the gunboat Zhenwei, along with a coastal artillery battery. At the start of the action, Villars engaged Feiyun and Ji'an in company with Duguay-Trouin; the Chinese cruisers were quickly sunk under French gunfire. Villars then engaged the shore battery and assisted D'Estaing with the destruction of Zhenwei, which put up unexpectedly heavy resistance until Triomphante joined the action and smashed the small gunboat with her 240 mm (9.4 in) guns. The shore battery was neutralized shortly thereafter. Another group of French warships also quickly destroyed or captured other elements of the Fujian Fleet further inside the harbor; the entire action lasted a mere eight minutes. Most of the battle was fought at very close range, roughly two to three cables.


French cruiser Villars

Over the night of 23–24 August, the Chinese sent several fire ships toward the French ships, forcing them to repeatedly shift position to evade them as they drifted down river. Courbet sought to destroy the arsenal facilities at Fuzhou and used his shallow-draft gunboats to bombard the fortifications around it on 24 August, and the next day, a 600-man landing party went ashore to complete the destruction of the facilities. Courbet then organized his fleet to leave the river, Triomphante in the lead, followed by Duguay-Trouin, then Villars, followed by the rest of the vessels. As the ships approached Couding near the mouth of the river, they needed to neutralize Chinese artillery batteries that blocked their exit. Triomphante and Duguay-Trouin engaged one set of batteries and drove off the gun crews. Villars then sent a landing party ashore to destroy the guns. The French spent the night anchored off Couding and proceeded further downriver on 26 August; the forts at Mingan Pass were the next obstacle to reaching the open ocean. Villars supported attacks by Triomphante and Duguay-Trouin, but her 138.6 mm guns were less useful than the 240 and 194 mm (7.6 in) guns of the larger vessels. She nevertheless covered landing parties that were sent ashore to destroy gun batteries.

These operations continued to 28 August, which again saw landing parties from Villars and other vessels go ashore to destroy gun batteries blocking their progress downriver. By late on the 28th, the French had succeeded in destroying most of the coastal fortifications and; the next morning, Courbet took his ships down the last section of river and rendezvoused with La Galissonnière, which had been waiting to meet his ships since 25 August. Villars and D'Estaing immediately sailed for the Matsu Islands, while the larger vessels had to wait for high tide. The French victory at Fuzhou ended the initial diplomatic efforts to reach a compromise solution to the dispute over Tonkin, as the scale of the attack was such that the Chinese government could not ignore it.

Operations off Formosa


French cruiser Villars

Operations off Formosa

Courbet concentrated his squadron at Matsu, where the French spent September trying to decide what to do next. Three transport vessels carrying a total of 1,600 soldiers arrived on 29 September, by which time the French had decided to return to Keelung and try to conquer the port along with Tamsui. Villars did not participate in either operation; the former succeeded but the latter was repulsed by the Chinese garrison. The French thereafter embarked on a blockade of Formosa on 20 October, while ground forces at Keelung waged a long battle with surrounding Chinese troops. Villars joined the blockade, which extended well into 1885. On 2 November 1884, while cruising with D'Estaing, Villars stopped the Chinese gunboat Fei Hu. The blockade was not particularly effective, however, as the French lacked sufficient numbers of vessels to enforce it. Villars remained on blockade duty in mid-February 1885 when Courbet took several of his ships to attack Chinese naval reinforcements at the Battle of Shipu. Villars was at that time stationed at Tainan on Formosa. Secret negotiations between French and Chinese representatives had already begun, as both countries were losing patience with the costly war, and in April, an agreement was reached that was formally signed on 9 June, ending the war.

Later career

By early 1887, Villars had returned to France. She participated in the annual fleet maneuvers with the Mediterranean Squadron that year, which took place in April and May. The assembled fleet included nine ironclads, the new protected cruiser Sfax, and the unprotected cruisers Milan, Seignelay, Desaix and Dupetit-Thouars, the torpedo cruiser Condor, and several smaller vessels. The exercises were organized to test the practicality of using small torpedo boats to intercept a convoy in the open Mediterranean Sea, but the small craft proved to be incapable of operating far from shore. Villars suffered machinery problems during these maneuvers and was unable to take part in a second series of exercises held in late July and early August.Villars was sent on another deployment to East Asia.Villars had been assigned to the Atlantic Division, along with the unprotected cruisers Duquesne and Beautemps-Beaupré and the aviso Hussard.Villars was struck from the naval register on 8 July 1896, and was sold on 17 December to be broken up.


French cruiser Villars

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  * Brassey, Thomas, ed. (1890). "Chapter V: The Foreign Stations". The Naval Annual. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 64–68. OCLC 496786828.
  * Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
  * Clayton (2014). Three Republics One Navy: A Naval History of France 1870–1999. Solihull: Helion. ISBN 9781909982994.
  * Garbett, H., ed. (June 1894). "Naval and Military Notes". Journal of the Royal United Services Institution. London: Harrison & Sons. XXXVIII (196): 657–672.
  * Olender, Piotr (2012). Sino-French Naval War 1884–1885. Sandomir: Stratus. ISBN 978-83-61421-53-5.
  * Roberts, Stephen (2021). French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914. Barnsley: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-5267-4533-0.
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French cruiser Lapérouse

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Lapérouse.

Lapérouse was an unprotected cruiser, the lead ship of her class, built for the French Navy in the 1870s. The ship was intended to serve abroad in the French colonial empire, and was ordered to strengthen the fleet after the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. To allow the ship to cruise for long distances, she was fitted with a full ship rig to supplement her steam engine, and she carried a main battery of fifteen 138.6 mm (5.46 in) guns. Her top speed under steam was 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).

Lapérouse was sent to East Asia in late 1884, arriving there in January 1885 during the Sino-French War. She participated in the blockade of Formosa and operations off the Yangtze river on mainland China. She remained in the Far East Squadron after the war ended later that year, but in 1886 she was moved to the Indian Ocean. In the early 1890s, she took part in training exercises with the main fleet in French waters. She was sent abroad again in 1896, returning to the Indian Ocean division, where she served as the division flagship. While in Madagascar in 1898, Lapérouse was driven ashore by a storm after her anchor chains were severed by a submerged wreck. Deemed a total loss, she was sold for scrap in 1901.

Design

Main article: Lapérouse-class cruiser

Plan and profile sketch of the Lapérouse class

The four ships of the Lapérouse class were ordered under the auspices of the naval plan of 1872, which was laid out to modernize the French Navy in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. The navy sought new unprotected cruisers that carried a heavier armament than earlier vessels, while maintaining a similar size to keep costs from increasing during a period of limited naval budgets. The design for the ships was drawn up by Arthur Bienaymé as part of a competition that also resulted in the subsequent and very similar Villars-class cruisers. The Lapérouse-class ships were intended to serve overseas in the French colonial empire.


French cruiser Lapérouse

Lapérouse was 79.5 m (260 ft 10 in) long at the waterline, with a beam of 11.4 m (37 ft 5 in) and an average draft of 5.3 m (17 ft 5 in). She displaced 2,320 t (2,280 long tons; 2,560 short tons) as designed. The ship had a ram bow and an overhanging stern. Her crew amounted to 264 officers and enlisted men. The ship's propulsion system consisted of a single compound steam engine driving a screw propeller. Steam was provided by six coal-burning fire-tube boilers that were ducted into a pair of funnels placed side-by-side. Her machinery was rated to produce 2,160 indicated horsepower (1,610 kW) for a top speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). At a more economical speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph), the ship could steam for 4,980 nautical miles (9,220 km; 5,730 mi). She had a full ship rig to supplement her steam engine on long voyages overseas.

The ship was armed with a main battery of fifteen 138.6 mm (5.46 in) M1870M 21.3-caliber guns. Two were placed atop the forecastle as chase guns, one was on the stern, and the remainder were placed in an amidships battery on the upper deck, six guns per broadside. The broadside guns were in pivot mounts firing through embrasures. A pair of 37 mm (1.5 in) Hotchkiss revolver cannon provided close-range defense against torpedo boats. She also carried four 86.5 mm (3.41 in) bronze cannon that could be sent ashore with a landing party or used to arm the ship's boats.

Service history