Rustavi Rugby Stadium, Rustavi
Attendance: 3,300
Referee: [Belgium] Max Burlet

4 March 2017
13:00 MSK (UTC+03)

Russia  10–30      Romania (1 TBP)
        Gamesheet

Slava Metreveli Central Stadium, Sochi
Attendance: 2,000
Referee: [Ireland] Sean Gallagher

4 March 2017
16:00 CET (UTC+01)

Spain  10–20      Georgia
       Gamesheet

Estadio Municipal, Medina del Campo
Attendance: 7,000
Referee: [Wales] Craig Evans

4 March 2017
16:15 CET (UTC+01)

Germany  34–29      Belgium (1 LBP)
         Gamesheet

Sparda Bank Hessen Stadium, Offenbach
Attendance: 4,126
Referee: [Spain] Iñigo Atorrasagasti

11 March 2017
14:45 CET (UTC+01)

Belgium  17–33      Romania (1 TBP)
         Gamesheet

King Baudouin Stadium- Annex 2, Brussels
Attendance: 3,000
Referee: [Italy] Claudio Blessano

11 March 2017
16:00 CET (UTC+01)

Germany  15–32      Spain
         Gamesheet

Sportpark Höhenberg, Köln
Attendance: 4,500
Referee: [Scotland] Lloyd Linton

12 March 2017
18:00 GET (UTC+04)

Georgia  28–14      Russia
         Gamesheet


2016–17 Rugby Europe International Championships

Gamesheet

Dinamo Arena, Tbilisi
Attendance: 52,000
Referee: [England] Ian Tempest

19 March 2017
16:00 CET (UTC+01)

(1 TBP) Spain  30–0       Belgium
               Gamesheet

Estadio Nacional Complutense, Madrid
Attendance: 7,800
Referee: [Romania] Vlad Iordăchescu

19 March 2017
14:00 MSK (UTC+03)

(1 TBP) Russia  52–25      Germany
                Gamesheet

Slava Metreveli Central Stadium, Sochi
Attendance: 2,500
Referee: [France] Cedric Marchat

19 March 2017
15:00 EET (UTC+02)

Romania  8–7        Georgia (1 LBP)
         Gamesheet

Stadionul Arcul de Triumf, Bucharest
Attendance: 7,500
Referee: [Wales] Ian Davies


2016–17 Rugby Europe Trophy

Main article: 2016–17 Rugby Europe Trophy
Champions and
advances to Promotion/
Relegation play-off
Relegated

Place                                                                                Nation       Games  Points  Try  Losing   Grand Slam  Table
                                                                                BP   BP       BP          points
played                                                                                won          drawn  lost    for  against  diff

1                                                                                Portugal     5      5       0    0        179         37      +142  4  0  1  25
2                                                                                Netherlands  5      3       0    2        159         94      +65   2  1  0  15
3                                                                                Switzerland  5      3       0    2        140         122     +18   1  0  0  13
4                                                                                Poland       5      3       0    2        73          73      0     0  0  0  12
5                                                                                Moldova      5      1       0    4        100         162     −62   1  1  0  6
6                                                                                Ukraine      5      0       0    5        52          215     −163  0  0  0  0
Points were awarded to the teams as follows:
Win – 4 points : Draw – 2 points : Loss within 7 points – 1 point : Loss greater than 7 points – 0 points: At least 3 more tries than opponent- 1 point
Completing a Grand Slam – 1 point (will not be counted towards World Cup Qualification)


Matches
24 September 2016
19:30 CEST (UTC+02)

Poland  22–0       Ukraine
        Gamesheet

Arena Lublin, Lublin
Attendance: 2,500
Referee: [Wales] Daniel Jones

5 November 2016
14:00 EET (UTC+02)

Ukraine  12–54      Netherlands (1 TBP)
         Gamesheet

Yunist' Stadium, Lviv
Attendance: 1,000
Referee: [Portugal] Paulo Duarte

12 November 2016
13:00 EET (UTC+02)

(1 TBP) Moldova  54–15      Ukraine
                 Gamesheet

Stadionul Orășenesc, Bălți
Attendance: 500
Referee: [France] Cardona Laurent

19 November 2016
15:00 CET (UTC+01)

(1 TBP) Netherlands  44–17      Moldova
                     Gamesheet

NRCA Stadium, Amsterdam
Attendance: 3,215
Referee: [Scotland] Sam Grove-White

19 November 2016
15:00 CET (UTC+01)

Switzerland  10–28      Portugal
             Gamesheet

Stade Municipal, Yverdon-les-Bains
Attendance: 2,057
Referee: [Italy] Tomo Emanuele

26 November 2016
15:00 CET (UTC+01)

Switzerland  29–26      Moldova (1 LBP)
             Gamesheet

Stade Municipal, Yverdon-les-Bains
Attendance: 1,030


Attendance: 1,030
Referee: [Germany] Frank Himmer

18 February 2017
15:00 WET (UTC+00)

(1 TBP) Portugal  35–10      Poland
                  Gamesheet

CAR Rugby do Jamor, Oeiras
Attendance: 2,000
Referee: [Scotland] Sam Grove-White

4 March 2017
15:00 CET (UTC+01)

Netherlands  10–26      Portugal (1 TBP)
             Gamesheet

NRCA Stadium, Amsterdam
Attendance: 3,500
Referee: [Italy] Guiseppe Vivarini

11 March 2017
15:00 WET (UTC+00)

(1 TBP) Portugal  59–0       Moldova
                  Gamesheet

CAR Rugby do Jamor, Oeiras
Attendance: 1,400
Referee: [Ireland] Stuart Graffkin

12 March 2017
15:00 CET (UTC+01)

(1 TBP) Switzerland  54–18      Ukraine
                     Gamesheet

CS Sportif des Charpines, Plan-les-Ouates
Attendance: 2,000
Referee: [Romania] Radu Petrescu

18 March 2017
13:00 EET (UTC+02)

Moldova  3–15       Poland
         Gamesheet

Stadionul Raional, Anenii Noi
Attendance: 350
Referee: [Russia] Alexey Bryzgalin

18 March 2017
15:00 CET (UTC+01)

Netherlands  38–25      Switzerland
             Gamesheet


Gamesheet

NRCA Stadium, Amsterdam
Attendance: 2,000
Referee: [Spain] Iñigo Atorrasagasti

1 April 2017
14:00 EEST (UTC+03)

Ukraine  7–31       Portugal (1 TBP)
         Gamesheet

Spartak Stadium, Odesa
Attendance: 4,000
Referee: [Romania] Vlad Iordăchescu

8 April 2017
18:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Poland  14–13      Netherlands (1 LBP)
        Gamesheet

Stadion Widzewa, Łódź
Attendance: 8,500
Referee: [France]Tual Trainini

22 April 2017
17:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Poland  12–22      Switzerland
        Gamesheet

Stadion Polonii Warszawa, Warsaw
Attendance: n.a.
Referee: [England] Matthew Carley


2016–17 Rugby Europe Conference

Conference 1

Main article: 2016–17 Rugby Europe Conference § Conference 1

Conference 1 North

Champions and advances to
Promotion play-off
Relegated

Place                                                                                Nation          Games  Points  Try  Losing   Grand Slam  Table
                                                                                BP   BP       BP          points
played                                                                                won             drawn  lost    for  against  diff

1                                                                                Czech Republic  4      4       0    0        158         26      +132  3  0  1  20
2                                                                                Lithuania       4      3       0    1        93          45      +48   2  0  0  14
3                                                                                Latvia          4      2       0    2        56          98      −42   0  1  0  9
4                                                                                Sweden          4      1       0    3        54          124     −70   1  1  0  6
5                                                                                Luxembourg      4      0       0    4        39          107     −68   0  1  0  1
Points were awarded to the teams as follows:
Win – 4 points : Draw – 2 points : Loss within 7 points – 1 point : Loss greater than 7 points – 0 points: At least 3 more tries than opponent- 1 point
Completing a Grand Slam – 1 point (will not be counted towards World Cup Qualification)


Matches
3 September 2016
15:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Sweden  14–56      Czech Republic (1 TBP)
        Gamesheet

Enköpings RK, Enköping
Attendance: 400
Referee: [Belgium] Maxime Burlet

22 October 2016
15:00 EET (UTC+02)

Latvia  31–24      Luxembourg (1 LBP)
        Gamesheet

Zemgale Olympic Center, Jelgava
Attendance: 450
Referee: [Czech Republic] Tomáš Tuma

5 November 2016
14:00 EET (UTC+02)

Lithuania  11–6       Latvia (1 LBP)
           Gamesheet

Savivaldybė Stadium, Šiauliai
Attendance: 500
Referee: [Russia] Artur Kaptyukh

5 November 2016
16:00 CET (UTC+01)

Luxembourg  0–19       Sweden (1 TBP)
            Gamesheet

Stade Josy Barthel, Luxembourg City
Attendance: 1,200
Referee: [Italy] Trentin Luca

12 November 2016
14:00 CET (UTC+01)

Czech Republic  15–6       Lithuania
                Gamesheet

RC Tatra Smíchov, Prague
Attendance: 1,500
Referee: [Georgia (country)] Nika Amashukelli

15 April 2017
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

(1 TBP) Czech Republic  54–3       Latvia
                        Gamesheet

Stadion Markéta, Prague
Attendance: 1,000
Referee: [Italy] Gabriel Chirnoaga

22 April 2017
15:00 EEST (UTC+03)

Lithuania  24–12      Luxembourg
           Gamesheet

Aukštaitija Stadium, Panevėžys
Attendance: 450
Referee: [Denmark] Michael Hawkins

29 April 2017
15:00 EEST (UTC+03)

Latvia  16–9       Sweden (1 LBP)
        Gamesheet

Jāņa Daliņa stadions, Valmiera
Attendance: 500
Referee: [Scotland] Sam Grove-White

6 May 2017
16:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Sweden  12–52      Lithuania (1 TBP)
        Gamesheet

Enköpings RK, Enköping
Attendance: 320
Referee: [Germany] Killian O'Brien

6 May 2017
16:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Luxembourg  3–33       Czech Republic (1 TBP)
            Gamesheet

Stade Josy Barthel, Luxembourg City
Attendance: 1,200
Referee: [England] Craig Maxwell Keys

Conference 1 South

Champions and advances to
Promotion play-off
Relegated


Champions and advances to
Promotion play-off
Relegated

Place                                                                                Nation   Games  Points  Try  Losing   Grand Slam  Table
                                                                                BP   BP       BP          points
played                                                                                won      drawn  lost    for  against  diff

1                                                                                Malta    4      3       1    0        147         49      +98   3  0  0  17
2                                                                                Israel   4      3       0    1        135         100     +35   2  0  0  14
3                                                                                Croatia  4      2       1    1        106         79      +27   1  1  0  12
4                                                                                Andorra  4      1       0    3        62          181     −119  0  0  0  4
5                                                                                Cyprus   4      0       0    4        72          113     −41   0  2  0  2
Points were awarded to the teams as follows:
Win – 4 points : Draw – 2 points : Loss within 7 points – 1 point : Loss greater than 7 points – 0 points: At least 3 more tries than opponent- 1 point
Completing a Grand Slam – 1 point (will not be counted towards World Cup Qualification)


Matches
22 October 2016
18:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Andorra  15–63      Malta (1 TBP)
         Gamesheet

Estadi Nacional, Andorra La Vella
Attendance: 400
Referee: [Italy] Riccardo Angelucci

29 October 2016
14:00 CET (UTC+01)

(1 TBP) Malta  31–3       Cyprus
               Gamesheet

Hibernians Stadium, Paola
Attendance: 1,500
Referee: [Israel] Ariel Cabral

29 October 2016
16:00 CET (UTC+01)

(1 TBP) Croatia  47–15      Andorra
                 Gamesheet

Stari Plac Stadion, Split
Attendance: 1,000
Referee: [Romania] Ionuț Bodea

5 November 2016
14:00 IST (UTC+02)

Israel  23–16      Croatia (1 LBP)
        Gamesheet

Wingate Institute, Netanya
Attendance: 1,700
Referee: [Belgium] John Catteau

12 November 2016
14:30 EET (UTC+02)

Cyprus  28–38      Israel (1 TBP)
        Gamesheet

Stelios Kyriakides Stadium, Paphos
Attendance: 500
Referee: [Czech Republic] Matéj Rázga

11 February 2017
18:00 CET (UTC+01)

Andorra  15–14      Cyprus (1 LBP)
         Gamesheet

Estadi Nacional, Andorra La Vella
Attendance: 1,000
Referee: [Belgium] Philippe Lenne

8 April 2017
15:00 IDT (UTC+03)

(1 TBP) Israel  57–17      Andorra
                Gamesheet

Wingate Institute, Netanya
Attendance: 700
Referee: [Switzerland] Yann Benoit

22 April 2017
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

(1 TBP) Malta  39–17      Israel
               Gamesheet

Hibernians Stadium, Paola
Attendance: 1,500
Referee: [France] Pierre Brousset

29 April 2017
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Croatia  14–14      Malta
         Gamesheet

Stadion NŠC Stjepan Spajić, Zagreb
Attendance: 1,500
Referee: [Spain] Jorge Molpeces

6 May 2017
15:00 EEST (UTC+03)

(1 LBP) Cyprus  27–29      Croatia
                Gamesheet

Stelios Kyriakides Stadium, Paphos
Attendance: 500
Referee: [Ireland] Nigel Correll

Conference 2

Main article: 2016–17 Rugby Europe Conference § Conference 2

Conference 2 North


Conference 2 North

Champions and Promoted

Place                                                                                Nation   Games  Points  Try  Losing   Grand Slam  Table
                                                                                BP   BP       BP          points
played                                                                                won      drawn  lost    for  against  diff

1                                                                                Hungary  4      4       0    0        157         30      +127  3  0  1  20
2                                                                                Denmark  4      3       0    1        161         42      +119  3  0  0  15
3                                                                                Norway   4      2       0    2        98          109     −11   1  0  0  9
4                                                                                Finland  4      1       0    3        92          144     −52   1  0  0  5
5                                                                                Estonia  4      0       0    4        39          222     −183  0  0  0  0
Points were awarded to the teams as follows:
Win – 4 points : Draw – 2 points : Loss within 7 points – 1 point : Loss greater than 7 points – 0 points: At least 3 more tries than opponent- 1 point
Completing a Grand Slam – 1 point (will not be counted towards World Cup Qualification)


Matches
1 October 2016
14:00 EEST (UTC+03)

Estonia  5–35       Hungary (1 TBP)
         Gamesheet

Kalevi Keskstaadion, Tallinn
Attendance: 200
Referee: [Russia] George Kopp

8 October 2016
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Norway  48–31      Finland
        Gamesheet

Bislett Stadium, Oslo
Attendance: 500
Referee: [Portugal] Alfoso Nogueria

8 October 2016
15:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Hungary  25–13      Denmark
         Gamesheet

Frankaréna, Esztergom
Attendance: n.a.
Referee: [Croatia] H. Bartoli

22 October 2016
13:00 EEST (UTC+03)

(1 TBP) Finland  51–6       Estonia
                 Gamesheet

Myllypuron urheilupuisto, Helsinki
Attendance: 300
Referee: [Lithuania] Ramonas Grumbinas

22 October 2016
16:00 CEST (UTC+02)

(1 TBP) Denmark  20–0       Norway
                 Gamesheet

Atletikstadion, Odense
Attendance: 500
Referee: [Germany] Dan Maughan

22 April 2017
16:00 CEST (UTC+02)

(1 TBP) Denmark  53–3       Finland
                 Gamesheet

Atletikstadion, Odense
Attendance: 450
Referee: [Poland] Darek Reks

22 April 2017
16:00 CEST (UTC+02)

(1 TBP) Hungary  42–7       Norway
                 Gamesheet

Frankaréna, Esztergom
Attendance: 500
Referee: [Poland] Lukasz Jasinski

29 April 2017
14:00 EEST (UTC+03)

Estonia  12–75      Denmark (1 TBP)
         Gamesheet

Kalevi Keskstaadion, Tallinn
Attendance: 50
Referee: [Finland] George Mossford

6 May 2017
13:00 EEST (UTC+03)

Finland  5–37       Hungary (1 TBP)
         Gamesheet

Myllypuron urheilupuisto, Helsinki
Attendance: 400
Referee: [Belgium] Kevin Sulejmani

6 May 2017
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

(1 TBP) Norway  43–16      Estonia
                Gamesheet

Bislett Stadium, Oslo
Attendance: 500
Referee: [Sweden] Rami Aro

Conference 2 South

Champions and Promoted
Relegated

Place                                                                                Nation                  Games  Points  Try  Losing   Grand Slam  Table
                                                                                BP   BP       BP          points
played                                                                                won                     drawn  lost    for  against  diff


1                                                                                Bosnia and Herzegovina  4      3       0    1        90          54      +36   0  1  0  13
2                                                                                Austria                 4      3       0    1        79          51      +28   0  0  0  12
3                                                                                Slovenia                4      2       0    2        114         48      +66   1  1  0  10
4                                                                                Serbia                  4      2       0    2        77          107     −30   1  0  0  9
5                                                                                Turkey                  4      0       0    4        0           100     −100  0  0  0  0
Points were awarded to the teams as follows:
Win – 4 points : Draw – 2 points : Loss within 7 points – 1 point : Loss greater than 7 points – 0 points: At least 3 more tries than opponent- 1 point
Completing a Grand Slam – 1 point (will not be counted towards World Cup Qualification)


Matches
8 October 2016
15:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Austria  29–22      Bosnia and Herzegovina (1 LBP)
         Gamesheet

Wiener Sportclub-Platz, Vienna
Attendance: 700
Referee: [Czech Republic] Stepan Cekal

29 October 2016
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

(1 TBP) Slovenia  74–13      Serbia
                  Gamesheet

Športni Park Šiška, Ljubliana
Attendance: 500
Referee: [Italy] Matteo Liperini

5 November 2016
14:00 CET (UTC+01)

Serbia  cancelled  Turkey
        (25–0)

12 November 2016
14:00 CET (UTC+01)

Turkey  cancelled  Austria
        (0–25)

26 November 2016
14:00 CET (UTC+01)

Turkey  cancelled  Slovenia
        (0–25)

4 March 2017
14:00 CET (UTC+01)

Bosnia and Herzegovina  cancelled  Turkey
                        (25–0)

8 April 2017
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

(1 LBP) Slovenia  15–22      Bosnia and Herzegovina
                  Gamesheet

Športni Park Šiška, Ljubliana
Attendance: 1,000
Referee: [Hungary] Norbert Matrai

22 April 2017
17:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Austria  13–0       Slovenia
         Gamesheet

Wiener Sportclub-Platz, Vienna
Attendance: 800
Referee: [Portugal] Pedro Mendes da Silva

22 April 2017
15:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Bosnia and Herzegovina  21–10      Serbia
                        Gamesheet

Stadion Kamberovića polje, Zenica
Attendance: 300
Referee: [Hungary] Csaba Priskin

29 April 2017
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

(1 TBP) Serbia  29–12      Austria
                Gamesheet

Obrenovački drum, Belgrade
Attendance: 200
Referee: [Georgia (country)] Shota Tevradze

2017 Rugby Europe Development

Champions and Promoted

Place                                                                                Nation      Games  Points  Try  Losing   Grand Slam  Table
                                                                                BP   BP       BP          points
played                                                                                won         drawn  lost    for  against  diff


1                                                                                Slovakia    2      1       0    1        52          42      +10  0  1  0  5
2                                                                                Montenegro  2      1       0    1        62          51      +11  1  0  0  5
3                                                                                Bulgaria    2      1       0    1        41          62      +2   0  0  0  4
Points were awarded to the teams as follows:
Win – 4 points : Draw – 2 points : Loss within 7 points – 1 point : Loss greater than 7 points – 0 points: At least 3 more tries than opponent- 1 point
Completing a Grand Slam – 1 point (will not be counted towards World Cup Qualification)

Matches
14 May 2017
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Montenegro  20–32      Slovakia
            Gamesheet

Stadion u Parku, Tivat
Attendance: 150
Referee: [Romania] Cristian Șerban

17 May 2017
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Bulgaria  22–20      Slovakia (1 LBP)
          Gamesheet

Stadion u Parku, Tivat
Attendance: 50
Referee: [Ukraine] Aleksander Mihgunov

20 May 2017
14:00 CEST (UTC+02)

(1 TBP) Montenegro  42–19      Bulgaria
                    Gamesheet

Stadion u Parku, Tivat
Attendance: 100
Referee: [Romania] Vasiliu Răzvan

Play-offs

Championship-Trophy Promotion play-off

20 May 2017
16:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Belgium  29–18  Portugal

King Baudouin Stadium – Annex 2, Brussels
Referee: [Ireland] Frank Murphy

Conference 1 promotion to Trophy play-off

20 May 2017
15:00 CEST (UTC+02)

Czech Republic  48–14  Malta

Stadion Markéta, Prague
Referee: [France] Thomas Charabas

  * 2019 Rugby World Cup – Europe qualification


The 1958–59 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 17th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Six teams participated in the league, and Jesenice have won the championship.

Regular season

    Club                GP  W   T  L  Pts
1.  Jesenice            10  10  0  0  20
2.  Ljubljana           10  6   1  3  13
3.  Partizan            10  5   0  5  10
4.  Red Star            10  3   1  6  7
5.  Tasmajdan Belgrade  10  3   0  7  6
6.  Zagreb              10  2   0  8  4

  * Season on hrhockey


Trens Intercidades

Trens Intercidades (TIC) is a four line regional rail network proposed by the government of the State of São Paulo in Brazil, linking the city of São Paulo with Jundiaí, Campinas, São José dos Campos, Sorocaba and Santos.

Background

In 2010, São Paulo state government showed off a project to build up 4 regional intercity train routes connecting the area surrounding São Paulo with high population cities close by,South Korean assistance with the development of a São Paulo regional rail networkR$ 20 billion.

Lines

São Paulo to Sorocaba

The first line will depart from Água Branca interchange station in São Paulo and end in Sorocaba, a 500.000 inhabitants city about 100 km west of São Paulo, stopping midway at São Roque and a populous neighborhood of Sorocaba, Brigadeiro Tobias. The complete journey will take around 50 minutes

São Paulo to Santos

The second line will depart from the to-be-built São Carlos interchange station in São Paulo and head to Santos, a 430.000 inhabitants city 50 km south of São Paulo, in the coast, which an important beach town as well as Brazil's most important freight port. The train will stop in 2 cities along the way. The complete journey will take around 35 minutes.

Options considered for this route include a new 30 km tunnel between Pref. Celso Daniel-Santo André station on Line 10–Turquoise and São Vicente.

São Paulo to Campinas and Americana

The third, and probably the most important and urgent line, is the line connecting São Paulo's Água Branca interchange station to Jundiaí, Campinas and Americana. Campinas is one of Brazil's largest regional centers, it is just 90 km north of São Paulo, and has its own Metropolitan area with over 3 million inhabitants, Jundiaí is a 400.000 inhabitants city in between them, and Americana is a 200.000 inhabitants city in the north limit of the Campinas Region. The journey from São Paulo to Jundiaí will take 20 minutes, to Campinas around 40 to 50 minutes and Americana just over an hour.

São Paulo to São José dos Campos


Trens Intercidades

São Paulo to São José dos Campos

The fourth route will leave from the Penha intermodal station and head to São José dos Campos, a 710.000 inhabitants city 100 km east of São Paulo, which is a very important tech center, with the headquarters of Embraer, for example, two public and multiple private universities, and which also possesses a large industrial complex, ranging from automotive and military to chemical and metal-mechanical.

Other routes

There are also future plans for other important routes such as from Sorocaba to Paulínia, Campinas to Piracicaba and Campinas to Rio Claro.

  * São Paulo Metro
  * Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
  * Expresso Pequi


1990 VFA season

The 1990 Victorian Football Association season was the 109th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club, after it defeated Springvale in the grand final on 30 September by two points; it was Williamstown's twelfth top-division premiership.

Association membership

Merger between Brunswick and Broadmeadows

After enduring financial difficulties consistently since the early 1980s, the future of the Brunswick Football Club was uncertain at the end of the 1989 season. Its financial position was weak, its facilities at Gillon Oval were of increasingly poor quality, and it had only 300 members.Sunshine.

The Broadmeadows Football Club, known as the Falcons, was a club at an administrative level only. Its executive committee was established in 1987, and it had the support of the Broadmeadows council to develop a new Association-standard venue at the Johnstone Street Reserve, Jacana; but in the three years it had existed, it had never fielded a team in any suburban competition, and it did not have an existing home ground. The club was built entirely around its aspirations to play in the Association, and had made an unsuccessful bid to join for the 1988 season.

The Brunswick-Broadmeadows merger was not a successful venture. Its huge board, which comprised seven former Brunswick committeemen and seven former Broadmeadows committeemen, suffered throughout the year from factional fighting which limited its ability to operate effectively as a unified club. As a result, the club was unable to meaningfully address its debt problems during the year, it failed to meet its financial reporting commitments to the Association, and several committeemen and the general manager resigned from the club as a result of the board's ineffectiveness. On 1 August, the Association intervened; it sacked the club's board, and Association executive director Athol Hodgetts was appointed as the club's administrator.

Sunshine Football Club


1990 VFA season

Sunshine Football Club

After having withdrawn is senior and reserves teams midway through the 1989 season, Sunshine intended to regroup and return to the Association in 1990. Although the club believed it had restored a financial position stronger than at least five other struggling clubs in the competition, it appeared unlikely that the club would be permitted to continue as a stand-alone entity, so it proposed a merger with Brunswick to form a new club which would have been known as the Sunshine Magpies; but, on 2 October, Brunswick voted instead to merge with Broadmeadows.Fitzroy and Footscray were merging, with the new Fitzroy Bulldogs club to play at Princes Park, North Carlton;

Premiership season

In the home-and-away season, each team played eighteen games; the top five then contested the finals under the McIntyre final five system. The primary finals venue was North Port Oval, and the grand final was played at Princes Park.

Ladder

1990 VFA ladder
Pos  Team                    Pld  W   L   D  PF    PA    PP     Pts
1    Preston                 18   13  4   1  2188  1774  123.3  54
2    Springvale              18   13  5   0  2214  1828  121.1  52
3    Coburg                  18   13  5   0  2105  1760  119.6  52
4    Williamstown (P)        18   12  6   0  2130  1539  138.4  48
5    Werribee                18   12  6   0  2257  1823  123.8  48
6    Dandenong               18   10  7   1  2122  1678  126.5  42
7    Frankston               18   10  8   0  2077  1988  104.5  40
8    Sandringham             18   9   9   0  2154  2200  97.9   36
9    Box Hill                18   8   10  0  2242  2142  104.7  32
10   Brunswick-Broadmeadows  18   8   10  0  1867  1856  100.6  32
11   Port Melbourne          18   8   10  0  2026  2247  90.2   32
12   Prahran                 18   5   13  0  1775  2148  82.6   20
13   Oakleigh                18   4   14  0  1936  2460  78.7   16
14   Camberwell              18   0   18  0  1330  3010  44.2   0

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) percentage; 3) number of points for.
(P) Premiers

Finals

                       Qualifying final
Saturday, 1 September  Springvale 23.19 (157)  def.  Coburg 12.12 (84)  North Port Oval (crowd: 4,000)


1990 VFA season

Elimination Final
Sunday, 2 September  Williamstown 23.17 (155)  def.  Werribee 16.14 (110)  North Port Oval (crowd: 4,523)

                       First semi-final
Saturday, 8 September  Coburg 8.12 (60)  def. by  Williamstown 14.21 (105)  North Port Oval (crowd: 4,924)

                     Second semi-final
Sunday, 9 September  Preston 9.11 (65)  def. by  Springvale 24.15 (159)  North Port Oval (crowd: 3,533)

                      Preliminary Final
Sunday, 16 September  Preston 15.6 (96)  def. by  Williamstown 23.15 (153)  North Port Oval (crowd: 7,494)

Grand final

Scheduling

The Grand Final was originally scheduled for Sunday, 23 September; this was intended to be a vacant day in the Australian Football League's finals fixture, meaning that the Association Grand Final was to be the premier football event in Melbourne on the day. However, these plans were disrupted on Saturday, 8 September, when the Australian Football League Qualifying Final between Collingwood and West Coast was drawn; it was replayed on Saturday, 15 September. As a result of the adjusted AFL finals fixture, the Association Grand Final was now scheduled to clash with the AFL Second Semi-Final. To overcome this, the Association pushed the date of the grand final back to Sunday, 30 September.

Springvale was unhappy with the schedule change, because it meant that it now faced a three-week break between its Second Semi-Final victory on 9 September and the grand final on 30 September, which risking upsetting its form;Carlton reserves – which was also forced to endure a three-week break following adjustments made to the AFL reserves finals fixture on account of the draw in the seniors.

Match details


1990 VFA season

Match details

The match is famous for Williamstown's final quarter come-from-behind victory. After Williamstown led by 17 points at quarter-time, Springvale dominated the second quarter to take a 19-point lead at half-time; at three-quarter time, Springvale led by 28 points, and it kicked the first goal of the final quarter to lead by 34 points. From that point, Williamstown kicked 6.6 (42) to 1.0 (6) to recover and win the game by two points. Veteran and dual-Liston Trophy winner Bill Swan kicked the winning goal for Williamstown with fifty seconds remaining;Phil Maylin said after the game that he thought the three-week break had contributed to his team's slow finish.

The game is considered one of the most memorable in VFA history; and in 2008, it was named as one of Australian rules football's 150 greatest moments, selected to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the sport.

                                                                       1990 VFA Grand Final
Sunday, 30 September                                                   Springvale            def. by                                                                          Williamstown  Princes Park (crowd: 18,634
                                                                       2.5 (17)              Q1                                                                               5.4 (34)      Umpires: B. Bulluss, J. Russo
                                                                       8.11 (59)             Q2                                                                               6.4 (40)      Norm Goss Memorial Medal: Barry Round (Williamstown)
                                                                       13.15 (93)            Q3                                                                               10.5 (65)
                                                                       15.15 (105)           Final                                                                            16.11 (107)

Robinson 4, Maloni 3, Dempster 2, Dudley 2, Phillips 2, Jeffs, Maylin  Goals                 Rickman 4, Johansen 3, Minett 3, Aziz, Gould, Muschialli, O'Connor, Smith, Swan

Meade (concussion)                                                     Injuries
Phillips (unspecified)

Awards


1990 VFA season

Awards

  * The leading goalkicker for the season was Jamie Shaw (Preston), who kicked 103 goals during the season, including finals.
  * The J. J. Liston Trophy was won in a four-way tie by Matt Burrows (Preston), Joey Garbuio (Oakleigh), Steve Harkins (Port Melbourne) and Stuart Nicol (Springvale), who all polled 14 votes.
  * The Fothergill-Round Medal was won by Mathew Quirk (Oakleigh).
  * Coburg won the seconds premiership. Coburg 34.16 (220) defeated Prahran 19.18 (132) in the grand final, held as a curtain-raiser to the Seniors Grand Final on 30 September.

Notable events

Interleague matches

The Association played one interleague match, against the Australian Capital Territory, during the 1990 season. Phil Cleary (Coburg) was coach of the Association team, and Brett McTaggart (Williamstown) was captain.

                 1990 Interleague matches
Sunday, 10 June         A.C.T. 13.14 (92)  def. by  V.F.A. 21.11 (137)  Football Park, Phillip (crowd: 5,000)

Other notable events


1990 VFA season

Other notable events

  * Freight company Wards Express, a subsidiary of Mayne Nickless, signed on as the new major sponsor of the Association, replacing ANA Friendly Societies. The premiership trophy became known as the Mayne Nickless Premiership Cup under the arrangement.
  * Camberwell and Oakleigh both faced financial difficulties during the 1990 season. Oakleigh needed to raise $50,000 by the end of the season to avoid folding, mostly owing to debts left over from over-spending during the 1970s;
  * In the televised match-of-the-round on 7 July, Brunswick-Broadmeadows fell just short of overcoming a 70-point three-quarter time deficit against Preston. Preston 18.13 (121) led Brunswick-Broadmeadows 7.9 (51) at three-quarter time, but Brunswick-Broadmeadows kicked first eleven goals of the final quarter, including six goals in eight minutes, to draw within three points of Preston; Preston's Adrian Marcon kicked a goal in the 27th minute to steady the game for Preston; Preston 19.15 (129) d. Brunswick-Broadmeadows 18.12 (120).
  * For the first time, the Melbourne City Council gave its approval for the Association to stage the grand final at Princes Park.
  * List of VFA/VFL Premiers
  * Australian Rules Football
  * Victorian Football League


Boussu-en-Fagne

Boussu-en-Fagne (Walloon: Boussu-el-Fagne) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Couvin, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

Archaeological excavations in the area have revealed a Neolithic settlement as well as a large Roman villa, and a subsidiary Roman road. Merovingian graves have also been discovered. From the early Middle Ages, the territory gradually became part of the lands of the lords of Chimay. A forge operated in the village between 1494 and 1850. A castle, château de Boussu-en-Fagne, was built here, burnt down by Spanish troops before 1565 and successively rebuilt. Its current appearance is in a Gothic Revival style. In addition, there is a smaller manor house further along the road to Frasnes-lez-Couvinmanoir de la Motte. The current village church is from 1855.

  * Media related to Boussu-en-Fagne at Wikimedia Commons


1939 WANFL season

The 1939 WANFL season was the 55th season of the various incarnations of the Western Australian National Football League. It is best known for West Perth's record losing streak of twenty-seven matches up to the fifteenth round, an ignominy equalled by Peel Thunder in their formative years but never actually beaten.Midland Junction lost all twelve games in 1917, and were the first WANFL team with only one victory for twelve seasons.Ted Tyson became the first West Australian to kick over one thousand goals and he just failed to replicate his 1938 feat of leading the goalkicking for a bottom club. Subiaco, despite a second Sandover win from Haydn Bunton (in spite of several problematic leg injuries) won only three matches, and Swan Districts, affected by the loss of star goalkicker Ted Holdsworth to Kalgoorlie,

Claremont, with captain George Moloney returning to the goalfront from the centre, won their second consecutive premiership despite the loss of many key players in the week before the Grand Final, whilst East Fremantle and East Perth remained firmly entrenched in the top and had a neck-and-neck battle late in the season for the double chance. Perth and South Fremantle, both of whom had had long periods in the wilderness, fought an exciting battle for the last place in the top four that ended with the red and whites winning by the narrowest of margins, in the process providing a basis for the club's dynasty following World War II, which began on the weekend of the penultimate round.

Two key rule changes were made in the WANFL and nationally in 1939. The holding the ball rule was altered to eliminate the provision for a player to drop the ball when tackled, meaning that a player was forced to either kick or handpass the ball when tackled to avoid conceding a free kick; and, the boundary throw-in was reintroduced whenever the ball went out of bounds, except when put out deliberately, instead of a free kick being awarded against the last player to touch the ball, as had been the case since 1925.

Home-and-away season

Round 1


1939 WANFL season

Home-and-away season

Round 1

                                                                                Round 1
Saturday, 22 April (2:45 pm)                                                                                Claremont 17.15 (117)  def.     East Fremantle 11.13 (79)  Claremont Oval
Saturday, 22 April (2:45 pm)                                                                                West Perth 11.17 (83)  def. by  Subiaco 12.17 (89)         Leederville Oval
Saturday, 22 April (2:45 pm)                                                                                South Fremantle 15.19 (109)  def.     Swan Districts 12.12 (84)  Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 22 April (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 9.11 (65)  def. by  East Perth 14.9 (93)       WACA
Claremont unfurls its first pennant with a convincing win over an inexperienced Old Easts side lacking George Doig, who was unsure whether he would play more football because of his work as a florist.

Round 2 (Labour Day)

                                                                                Round 2
Saturday, 29 April (2:45 pm)                                                                                South Fremantle 21.12 (138)  def.     East Fremantle 11.13 (79)  Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 29 April (2:45 pm)                                                                                West Perth 7.8 (50)  def. by  Perth 22.17 (149)          Leederville Oval
Saturday, 29 April (2:45 pm)                                                                                Swan Districts 7.14 (56)  def. by  Claremont 18.13 (121)      Bassendean Oval
Monday, 1 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 12.8 (80)  def. by  East Perth 12.15 (87)      Subiaco Oval
  * Gook’s sixteen goals is easily a match record for Perth, with the next best thirteen by Murray Couper and Allan Evans.
  * Claremont’s 11.7 (73) in the last quarter remains the equal most points ever scored in a final quarter at Bassendean.

Round 3


1939 WANFL season

Round 3

                                                                                Round 3
Saturday, 6 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 13.12 (90)  def.  Subiaco 10.20 (80)         WACA
Saturday, 6 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Perth 16.9 (105)  def.  West Perth 9.15 (69)       Perth Oval
Saturday, 6 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                Claremont 15.15 (105)  def.  South Fremantle 9.13 (67)  Claremont Oval
Saturday, 6 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Fremantle 18.20 (128)  def.  Swan Districts 12.6 (78)   Fremantle Oval
  * With George Doig rescinding his retirement, East Fremantle win their first game of the year against the still-winless Swans.
  * Claremont end South Fremantle’s strong start with a convincing win due to Reeves’ ruck dominance and their ability to counter South’s handball.

Round 4

                                                                                Round 4
Saturday, 13 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                South Fremantle 14.11 (95)  def. by  Perth 16.19 (115)           Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 13 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                Swan Districts 8.12 (60)  def. by  East Perth 18.13 (121)      Bassendean Oval
Saturday, 13 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                West Perth 11.12 (78)  def. by  East Fremantle 20.20 (140)  Leederville Oval
Saturday, 13 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 12.8 (80)  def. by  Claremont 19.11 (125)       Subiaco Oval
  * West Perth suffer their sixteenth consecutive defeat, the worst run the WA(N)FL since Midland Junction lost their last nineteen matches in 1916 and 1917, though Perth went 22 games without a win in 1922 and 1923.
  * Bunton kicks seven goals for Subiaco with a painful leg injury that prevents him roving but the Maroons are no match for unbeaten Claremont.
  * Austin Gardiner kicks ten goals for East Perth as their 1938 first semi-final opponents, without Holdsworth, remain winless ahead of only West Perth.

Round 5


1939 WANFL season

Round 5

                                                                                Round 5
Saturday, 20 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 18.10 (118)  def.  Swan Districts 12.12 (84)  WACA
Saturday, 20 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                Claremont 13.16 (94)  def.  West Perth 13.11 (89)      Claremont Oval
Saturday, 20 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Fremantle 25.9 (159)  def.  Subiaco 9.13 (67)          Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 20 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Perth 10.17 (77)  def.  South Fremantle 9.9 (63)   Perth Oval
  * Claremont have a lucky escape against the Cardinals in a match it was suspected they treated lightly: a fine mark from Sammy Clarke saves them.
  * George Doig, after two modest matches, kicks eleven goals as Old Easts show they have fully recovered from a poor start with a crushing win over the Maroons.

Round 6

                                                                                Round 6
Saturday, 27 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                Swan Districts 10.10 (70)  def.     Subiaco 8.14 (62)            Bassendean Oval
Saturday, 27 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Fremantle 15.21 (111)  def.     Perth 12.11 (83)             Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 27 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Perth 15.13 (103)  def.     Claremont 12.11 (83)         Perth Oval
Saturday, 27 May (2:45 pm)                                                                                West Perth 11.7 (73)  def. by  South Fremantle 16.16 (112)  Leederville Oval
East Perth win the battle of the remaining unbeaten clubs to go clear top with an outstanding display led by the defence of Starr.

Round 7


1939 WANFL season

Round 7

                                                                                Round 7
Saturday, 3 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 15.16 (106)  def.     West Perth 13.9 (87)         Subiaco Oval
Saturday, 3 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                Swan Districts 13.23 (101)  def.     South Fremantle 15.10 (100)  Bassendean Oval
Saturday, 3 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Fremantle 10.8 (68)  def. by  Claremont 16.18 (114)        Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 3 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 13.11 (89)  def.     East Perth 11.12 (78)        Perth Oval
Weakened by the absence with injury of “Scranno” Jenkins and Neal Lewington, South Fremantle unexpectedly fade out in the second half against lowly Swan Districts.

Round 8

                                                                                Round 8
Saturday, 10 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Fremantle 19.14 (128)  def.     East Perth 13.15 (93)        Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 10 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 13.11 (89)  def. by  Claremont 20.13 (133)        WACA
Saturday, 10 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 13.14 (92)  def. by  South Fremantle 22.21 (153)  Subiaco Oval
Saturday, 10 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                West Perth 14.14 (98)  def. by  Swan Districts 15.12 (102)   Leederville Oval
Swan Districts’ narrow escape was to be their last win at Leederville until August 11 of 1956. The intervening 23-game streak is the longest losing streak by any WA(N)FL club at an opposition ground.

Round 9


1939 WANFL season

Round 9

                                                                                Round 9
Saturday, 17 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                South Fremantle 18.14 (122)  def.  East Fremantle 14.18 (102)  Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 17 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                Claremont 16.13 (109)  def.  Swan Districts 12.17 (89)   Claremont Oval
Saturday, 17 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Perth 25.18 (168)  def.  Subiaco 13.12 (90)          Perth Oval
Saturday, 17 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 21.16 (142)  def.  West Perth 11.4 (70)        WACA
  * On the Sunday, Claremont were beaten 15.12 (102) to 17.19 (121) by a Goldfields team in Kalgoorlie, after being 53 points down at half-time.Broken Hill during the following weeks.
  * Despite a very heavy ground from 56.1 millimetres (2.21 in) of rain over four days,

Round 10 (Foundation Day)

                                                                                Round 10
Monday, 5 June (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 12.14 (86)  def. by  Claremont 14.7 (91)         Subiaco Oval
Saturday, 1 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Fremantle 22.26 (158)  def.     West Perth 7.11 (53)        Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 1 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 11.9 (75)  def. by  South Fremantle 10.18 (78)  WACA
Saturday, 1 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Perth 9.12 (66)  def.     Swan Districts 4.11 (35)    Perth Oval
  * A depleted Claremont team are saved from losing to seventh-placed Subiaco by that team’s inaccuracy in the closing stages.
  * Despite a rare spell of fine weather during an extremely wet winter throughout southern Australia,

Round 11


1939 WANFL season

Round 11

                                                                                Round 11
Saturday, 8 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                Swan Districts 3.9 (27)  def. by  East Fremantle 7.17 (59)  Bassendean Oval
Saturday, 8 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                West Perth 9.13 (67)  def. by  East Perth 17.23 (125)    Leederville Oval
Saturday, 8 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                South Fremantle 13.16 (94)  def.     Claremont 11.9 (75)       Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 8 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 7.16 (58)  def. by  Perth 12.17 (89)          Subiaco Oval
  * In heavy rain,
  * Perth full-back Austin Robertson, Sr. uses the now-obsolete place kick into the wind and manages kicks over fifty metres, which give the Redlegs a comfortable win.

Round 12

                                                                                Round 12
Saturday, 15 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                Swan Districts 9.13 (67)  def.     Perth 7.8 (50)              Bassendean Oval
Saturday, 15 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                South Fremantle 13.9 (87)  def. by  East Perth 19.16 (130)      Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 15 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                West Perth 4.14 (38)  def. by  Claremont 21.11 (137)       Leederville Oval
Saturday, 15 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 7.15 (57)  def. by  East Fremantle 17.11 (113)  Subiaco Oval
  * West Perth equal Subiaco’s 1902-03 record of 24 consecutive defeats
  * A depleted Swan Districts, with five regulars out, surprises Perth in a match where the Redlegs fail to adapt when the rain comes after quarter-time.

Round 13


1939 WANFL season

Round 13

                                                                                Round 13
Saturday, 22 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 10.18 (78)  def. by  East Fremantle 12.8 (80)  WACA
Saturday, 22 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                South Fremantle 23.18 (156)  def.     West Perth 17.12 (114)    Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 22 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 15.10 (100)  def.     Swan Districts 9.17 (71)  Subiaco Oval
Saturday, 22 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                Claremont 18.11 (119)  def.     East Perth 14.9 (93)      Claremont Oval
  * Ted Tyson kicks eleven goals, including a brilliant “soccer” kick over his head regarded as the best WANFL goal of the year, but cannot stop the Cardinals from establishing a new record for most consecutive losses.
  * On a WACA ground that could not dry out after rain totalling 425.4 millimetres (16.75 in) over the previous five weeks, Perth’s wayward kicking (3.12 to 3.3 at half-time) loses them a critical match and pushes them to fifth, where they would stay for the rest of the season.

Round 14

                                                                                Round 14
Saturday, 29 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                Swan Districts 23.20 (158)  def.     West Perth 10.9 (69)       Bassendean Oval
Saturday, 29 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Perth 7.16 (58)  def. by  East Fremantle 10.11 (71)  Perth Oval
Saturday, 29 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                South Fremantle 15.14 (104)  def.     Subiaco 9.10 (64)          Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 29 July (2:45 pm)                                                                                Claremont 13.12 (90)  def.     Perth 11.8 (74)            Claremont Oval
  * For a second consecutive week, East Fremantle win a vital match through their opponent’s inaccuracy, as East Perth kick 0.7 (7) to 3.1 (19) with the wind in the second quarter.
  * Perth’s loss and South Fremantle’s win leaves the Redlegs two games out of the four.
  * Despite continuing persistent rain, Swan Districts record what would remain their biggest open-age win until 1961 and their biggest over the Cardinals until 1975.

Round 15


1939 WANFL season

Round 15

                              Round 15
Saturday, 5 August (2:45 pm)  South Fremantle 8.15 (63)  def. by  East Fremantle 14.20 (104)  Fremantle Oval (crowd: 6000)
Saturday, 5 August (2:45 pm)  Swan Districts 13.12 (90)  def. by  Claremont 18.8 (116)        Bassendean Oval
Saturday, 5 August (2:45 pm)     East Perth 18.16 (124)  def.     Subiaco 10.15 (75)          Perth Oval
Saturday, 5 August (2:45 pm)      West Perth 11.14 (80)  def. by  Perth 12.19 (91)            Leederville Oval

Round 16

                                                                                Round 16
Saturday, 12 August (2:45 pm)                                                                                Swan Districts 14.14 (98)  def.     South Fremantle 12.14 (86)  Bassendean Oval
Saturday, 12 August (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 5.12 (42)  def. by  East Perth 12.22 (94)       WACA
Saturday, 12 August (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 12.15 (87)  def. by  West Perth 14.21 (105)      Subiaco Oval
Saturday, 12 August (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Fremantle 15.18 (108)  def.     Claremont 13.4 (82)         Fremantle Oval
  * West Perth record their first win since defeating Perth by 41 points on Foundation Day, 1938. With nine goals, Ted Tyson becomes the first WANFL player to kick one thousand goals and only the third in major Australian Rules leagues after Gordon Coventry and Ken Farmer. A subscription fund was opened for him following the accomplishment of this feat.

Round 17


1939 WANFL season

Round 17

                                                                                Round 17
Saturday, 19 August (2:45 pm)                                                                                West Perth 8.4 (52)  def. by  East Perth 15.19 (109)      Leederville Oval
Saturday, 19 August (2:45 pm)                                                                                Claremont 13.12 (90)  def. by  South Fremantle 14.15 (99)  Claremont Oval
Saturday, 19 August (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 5.11 (41)  def. by  Perth 9.17 (71)             Subiaco Oval
Saturday, 19 August (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Fremantle 12.6 (78)  def.     Swan Districts 8.17 (65)    Fremantle Oval
  * South Fremantle hold fourth place by a game with a superb comeback in incessant heavy rain after being thirteen points down at half-time.
  * On a day that became extremely wet after quarter-time, Tyson in his 189th match is goalless

Round 18

                                                                                Round 18
Saturday, 26 August (2:45 pm)                                                                         East Fremantle 11.22 (88)  def.  West Perth 6.8 (44)        Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 26 August (2:45 pm)                                                                             Claremont 17.17 (119)  def.  Subiaco 8.6 (54)           Claremont Oval
Saturday, 26 August (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 9.11 (65)  def.  South Fremantle 7.15 (57)  WACA
Saturday, 26 August (2:45 pm)                                                                              East Perth 9.15 (69)  def.  Swan Districts 6.3 (39)    Perth Oval
With a fighting win in shocking conditions, Perth recapture South Fremantle’s place in the top four.

Round 19


1939 WANFL season

Round 19

                                                                                Round 19
Saturday, 2 September (2:45 pm)                                                                                Swan Districts 10.7 (67)  def. by  Perth 15.6 (96)             Bassendean Oval
Saturday, 2 September (2:45 pm)                                                                                South Fremantle 16.12 (108)  def.     East Perth 12.13 (85)       Fremantle Oval
Saturday, 2 September (2:45 pm)                                                                                Subiaco 10.14 (74)  def. by  East Fremantle 15.14 (104)  Subiaco Oval
Saturday, 2 September (2:45 pm)                                                                                Claremont 29.19 (193)  def.     West Perth 14.10 (94)       Claremont Oval
  * South Fremantle’s win over East Perth, with Chandler returning to his 1938 form in front of goals, maintains their chance of a first finals berth since 1932.
  * Gook kicks his hundredth goal as Perth maintain by 1.4 percent their place in the top four.
  * Claremont kick the highest score in senior WANFL history to this point, beating East Fremantle’s 28.23 (191) against South Fremantle in 1937.
  * The Tigers’ 14.4 (88) in the third quarter was a record for any quarter in the WANFL to that point, and was not broken until 1953 in open-age competition.

Round 20

                                                                                Round 20
Saturday, 9 September (2:45 pm)                                                                                West Perth 9.7 (61)  def. by  South Fremantle 20.28 (148)  Leederville Oval
Saturday, 9 September (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Perth 10.15 (75)  def. by  Claremont 13.9 (87)          Perth Oval
Saturday, 9 September (2:45 pm)                                                                                Perth 10.19 (79)  def.     East Fremantle 4.9 (33)      WACA
Saturday, 9 September (2:45 pm)                                                                                Swan Districts 21.10 (136)  def.     Subiaco 20.11 (131)          Bassendean Oval
  * South Fremantle’s 10.10 (70) in the last quarter enables them to overtake Perth for the last place in the four. Tyson kicks eight of West’s nine goals to finish two behind Gook – despite his club winning only one match.
  * Perth’s speed and superb defence provide a gallant effort to hold fourth place that misses by 0.3 percent.
  * Against Claremont, East Perth fail to take advantage of East Fremantle’s loss and miss the double chance by a game.

Ladder


1939 WANFL season

Ladder

1939 ladder
Pos  Team             Pld  W   L   D  PF    PA    PP     Pts
1    Claremont (P)    20   16  4   0  2200  1625  135.4  64
2    East Fremantle   20   15  5   0  1990  1570  126.8  60
3    East Perth       20   14  6   0  1953  1509  129.4  56
4    South Fremantle  20   12  8   0  2039  1789  114.0  48
5    Perth            20   12  8   0  1750  1539  113.7  48
6    Swan Districts   20   7   13  0  1577  1886  83.6   28
7    Subiaco          20   3   17  0  1573  2149  73.2   12
8    West Perth       20   1   19  0  1474  2489  59.2   4

Source: WAFL Footy Facts
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) percentage; 3) number of points for.
(P) Premiers

Finals

First semi-final

                                                                                First semi-final
Saturday, 16 September (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Perth 17.10 (112)  def.  South Fremantle 14.9 (93)  Subiaco Oval (crowd: 11,006)
East Perth take advantage of a weakening wind in the last quarter to hold out South Fremantle in the latter’s first final for seven seasons.

Second semi-final

                                                                                Second semi-final
Saturday, 23 September (2:45 pm)                                                                                Claremont 9.14 (68)  def. by  East Fremantle 15.15 (105)  Subiaco Oval (crowd: 9,411)
East Fremantle, without several leading players, cause a surprise by convincingly beating a Claremont side weakened by the absence of George Moloney. The game is close for three quarters before Old Easts kick 7.1 (43) to 1.7 (13) in the last quarter amid expectations they would tire.

Preliminary final

                                                                                Preliminary final
Saturday, 30 September (2:45 pm)                                                                             Claremont 10.17 (77)  def.  East Perth 11.5 (71)  Subiaco Oval
A vicious game with two reports comes alive in the last quarter, sees Claremont fight back to win narrowly.

Grand final


1939 WANFL season

Grand final

Main article: 1939 WANFL Grand Final

                                                                                1939 WANFL Grand Final
Saturday, 7 October (2:45 pm)                                                                                East Fremantle          def. by                                                                       Claremont   Subiaco Oval
                                                                                5.4 (34)                Q1                                                                            2.2 (14)    Umpires: George Owens
                                                                                7.7 (49)                Q2                                                                            8.7 (55)
                                                                                10.8 (68)               Q3                                                                            12.10 (82)
                                                                                11.10 (76)              Final                                                                         14.11 (95)

George Doig 6, Sanford, McGlinn, Wendt, Ebbs, Kingsbury                                                                                Goals                   Heusler 3, Baker 3, Bermingham 2, George Moloney 2, Hooper 2, Gibson, Reeves
Seubert, George Doig, Sanford, Jack Clark, McGlinn, Briggs                                                                                Best                    O‘Neill (best on ground), Heusler, Sammy Clarke, Julian, Reeves, Kenworthy
                                                                                Injuries                Serjeant (broken jaw)
                                                                                Lovegrove (ankle)

Despite the absence of Compton (suspended), Reid and Edmeades, and injuries to skipper George Moloney and Lovegrove, Claremont convincingly win their second premiership with a brilliant third quarter into the wind.

  * Official WAFL website
  * Western Australian National Football League (WANFL), 1939


The Palomino

The Palomino is a 1950 American Western film directed by Ray Nazarro and written by Tom Kilpatrick. The film stars Jerome Courtland, Beverly Tyler, Joseph Calleia, Roy Roberts, Gordon Jones and Robert Osterloh. The film was released on March 18, 1950, by Columbia Pictures.

Plot

Cast

  * Jerome Courtland as Steve Norris
  * Beverly Tyler as Maria Guevara
  * Joseph Calleia as Miguel Gonzales
  * Roy Roberts as Ben Lane
  * Gordon Jones as Bill Hennessey
  * Robert Osterloh as Sam Drake
  * Tom Trout as Williams
  * Harry Garcia as Johnny
  * Trevor Bardette as Brown
  * Juan Duval as Manuel
  * Sam Flint as Veterinarian
  * The Palomino at IMDb


Boussin

Boussin is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Ségou in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. The commune includes 15 villages in an area of approximately 178 square kilometers. km east of Ségou.

  * Plan de Sécurité Alimentaire Commune Rurale de Boussin 2007-2011 (PDF) (in French), Commissariat à la Sécurité Alimentaire, République du Mali, USAID-Mali, 2007, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13.


Bradford Hastings

William Bradford Turner Hastings (December 13, 1919 - December 2, 1992) was suffragan bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut from his election in 1981 until his retirement in 1986.

Early life and education

Hastings was born on December 13, 1919, in Garden City, New York, the son of the Reverend Alfred Abbott Hastings and Dorothy Quincy Turner. He was educated at the Trinity-Pawling School, before studying at the Union College from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1941. On July 31, 1942, he married Virginia Floyd and together had four children. He then enrolled at the Virginia Theological Seminary from where he earned his Bachelor of Divinity in 1943.

Ordained ministry

Hastings was ordained deacon on September 26, 1943, in St Paul's Church, Troy, New York, by Bishop G. Ashton Oldham of Albany.William Scarlett of Missouri. Between 1943 and 1946 he served as rector of St Paul's Church in Overland, Missouri. In 1946 he became rector of Trinity Church in Concord, Massachusetts. He then moved to Minnesota to become rector of Christ Church in Saint Paul, Minnesota and in 1954, he became rector of St Luke's Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota.Worcester, Massachusetts.Christ Church in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Episcopacy

On May 16, 1981, Hastings was elected Suffragan Bishop of Connecticut during a special convention at Christ Church in Hartford, Connecticut.Roman Catholic Cathedral of St Joseph by Presiding Bishop John Allin.


Bradford Equitable Building Society

Bradford Equitable Building Society was an English building society, which merged with the Bingley Building Society in 1964 to form the Bradford & Bingley Building Society. Bradford & Bingley fell victim to the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and is now part of Santander UK, while its mortgage book is owned by UK Financial Investments Limited.

History

The Bradford Second Equitable Building Society, as it was known for most of its existence, was formed in Bradford in 1851. The reason for it being the “Second” is that in 1846 the Bradford Equitable Building and Investment Company had been formed as a terminating society (i.e. on achieving its objectives, it was wound up). The need for a more permanent organisation led to the formation of the “Bradford Second” and the two societies had several directors in common.

By the end of its first year the Society had 503 shareholders and 54 borrowers. Early advances were typically on houses under construction, paid in installments. Borrowers were builders and property investors. The foreword to Francis Lumb's history proclaimed that “There is nothing spectacular in this history” but this reflected a conservatism that allowed it to survive recessions and financial panics alike. Like many societies, Bradford Second did not immediately incorporate under the 1874 Building Society Act,

Geographic expansion was slow but steady until World War I – the first agencies were not opened in the Bradford suburbs until 1914. The Leeds Equitable Building Society was acquired in 1921 and during the 1920s, the Society's assets quadrupled. In 1930 a London office was opened but the only other branch in theinter-war years was at Enfield in 1938. After WWII the Society began a more vigorous branch expansion. Between 1945 and 1948, eleven branches were opened. Unlike its future partner, the Bingley, there was a wider geographic spread and a concentration on the larger cities – Birmingham, Bristol, Glasgow, Leeds and Liverpool. In that same period, the merger of the Leeds Provincial with the Bradford Third Equitable enabled the Society to simplify its name to the Bradford Equitable Building Society. Another eight branches followed in the early 1960s and then came the merger approach from the neighbouring Bingley Building Society The merger was implemented in 1964 and the Bradford and Bingley became the eighth largest building society with total assets of more than £100 million, and a national branch network of more than 50 branches.

  * Santander website


Bradford House (San Rafael, California)

The Bradford House in San Rafael, California, also known as Bradford Manor or as Bradford/Sharp House, was built in 1883. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

It was deemed "an exceptional example of Stick/Eastlake style." It is a two-and-a-half-story mansion built largely of redwood, and is about 60 by 56 feet (18 m × 17 m) in plan. It is asymmetrical on all floors, with a veranda, some porches, and a steep and complex roof.

It was built for William Bushnell Bradford and his wife Pauline Bradford, and is located in a cul de sac at 333 G Street, in the park-like Forbes Addition area about .25 miles (0.40 km) northwest of downtown San Rafael.

Descendants sold the home in 1916 and it was later divided into seven apartments.


Eldred World War II Museum

The Eldred World War II Museum is located in Eldred, Pennsylvania, 80 miles south of Buffalo, New York and 175 miles north east of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Established in May 1996, the museum has continually expanded from one room to three stories. The Eldred World War II Museum is a non-profit organization that offers visitors an array of exhibits and information about World War II.

Exhibits

The Eldred World War II Museum is home to several permanent displays. Mitchell Paige Hall, named after Medal of Honor Recipient USMC Col. Mitchell Paige, features many of Paige's war souvenirs and personal items including Paige's dress whites and Medal of Honor.

The European and Pacific theaters are highlighted in multiple displays throughout the museum.

Highlights are a submarine display with an authentic World War II periscope, and the 'Tank Room', housing several uniforms changing based on the theme of each season.

Visitors can enter a life-sized European command post equipped with period communications equipment. Throughout the museum dioramas bring the conflict to life for visitors. A section on the Eastern Front details the conflict between Russia and Germany that would become the largest front of the war.

Thousands of other items are on display, constantly being rotated. These include weaponry, uniforms, field gear and video.

Library

Library

The Eldred World War II museum is home to over 10,000 volumes of books, magazines, newspapers, memoirs and other items, one of the largest World War II collections in the United States. Visitors are welcomed to these resources, so long as all books are returned to the museum. The library is broken into categories, some of which are "European Theater of Operation", "Pacific Theater of Operation", "Aviation", "Espionage", "Atlases and Maps", "Reference", "Business and Industry", "Biographies and Autobiographies" and "Russian Book Collection".

Also displayed in the library are Uniforms, Newspaper articles, and metals in cases across the room.

Gallery of Valor

Gallery of Honor


Eldred World War II Museum

Gallery of Valor

Gallery of Honor

The Gallery of Valor was unveiled November 11, 2006. The displays take visitors through six areas: Training, Shipping and Transportation, U.S. Navy in Action, North Africa-Sicily-Italy, Sabotage and Spy War and the Eastern Front.A diorama depicting Omaha Beach sits in the center of the Gallery of Valor. Also present is a weapons display featuring a training rifle, M1 carbine, M1 Garand and a Colt .45 pistol.

Displays

Lower Level

The Lower Level of the museum features exhibits utilizing war-time artifacts. Categories include World War I (Prelude to World War II), the Rise of the Nazis, Pearl Harbor, the Home Front, the Soviet-German War and a Diorama of Kursk, the largest armored battle of the war. Some artifacts on display in the Lower Level are a German Sturmgewehr 44, the precursor to the modern assault rifle, a Russian uniform and decorations, a Civil Defense helmet and brochures, rations and various other items.

Navajo Code Talkers-Navajo Indians who used their language as code to confuse the Japanese
Col. Mitchell Paige-Medal of Honor recipient for acts of bravery at Guadalcanal
Col. Spann Watson-A member of the Tuskegee Airmen
Master Sergeant Abie Abraham-Survivor of the infamous Bataan Death March
Col. David Glantz-Prominent author on the Soviet-German War
Captain John J. McGinty III-Medal of Honor recipient during Vietnam

The Blue Room

The Blue Room is home to a variety of Navy based artifacts, including several restored vehicles, a functional U-Boat Periscope, and multiple models on display across the room. The pieces in the room will be cycled out each season.

The Holocaust Room

The newest addition to the museum, the Holocaust Room is home to the artifacts showing the true tragedy of WWII. Suitcases, prisoner uniforms, and children's book written by the Nazi regime are a few of the many things housed in this room. Most significant are the keys to Dachau Concentration Camp.

  * Eldred World War II Museum official site
  * A Museum to Salute WWII Veterans
  * Road Trip: World War II Memories preserved in McKean County Museum


Eldred World War II Museum

41°57′31″N 78°23′10″W / 41.9585°N 78.3861°W


The Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Markets is an official in the United States Department of the Treasury who heads the Office of Financial Markets. The office is currently held by Joshua Frost.

According to U.S. statute, there are ten Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury appointed by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate.Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance, who in turn reports to the United States Secretary of the Treasury and the United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.

List of Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury for Financial Markets

Name                         Assumed office      Left office       President appointed by  Secretary served under
Darcy E. Bradbury            1995                1997              Bill Clinton
Gary Gensler                 September 1997      April 1999        Bill Clinton            Robert Rubin
Lewis A. Sachs               1999                2001              Bill Clinton            Lawrence Summers
Brian C. Roseboro            2001                2004              George W. Bush          Paul O'Neill
                                                                                John W. Snow
Timothy S. Bitsberger        2004                2005              George W. Bush          John W. Snow
Anthony Ryan                 2006                2008              George W. Bush          Henry Paulson
Karthik Ramanathan (acting)  September 25, 2008  February 2010     George W. Bush          Henry Paulson
                                                                   Barack Obama            Timothy Geithner
Mary J. Miller               February 2010       August 2012       Barack Obama            Timothy Geithner
Matthew S. Rutherford        August 2012         January 30, 2015  Barack Obama            Timothy Geithner
                                                                                Jack Lew
Seth B. Carpenter (acting)   January 30, 2015    February 1, 2016  Barack Obama
Daleep Singh (acting)        February 1, 2016    January 20, 2017  Barack Obama
Monique Rollins (acting)     January 20, 2017    2017              Donald Trump
Joshua Frost                 May 11, 2022        Incumbent         Joe Biden               Janet Yellen

  * Assistant Secretary of the Treasury


Dysgonomonas mossii

Dysgonomonas mossii is a Gram-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Dysgonomonas which has been isolated from an abdominal drainage from a human from the Holy Cross Hospital in Detroit in the United States.

  * Type strain of Dysgonomonas mossii at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase


1958–59 in Belgian football

The 1958–59 season was the 56th season of competitive football in Belgium. RSC Anderlechtois won their 8th Division I title.Standard Liège entered the 1958–59 European Champion Clubs' Cup as Belgian title holder and became the first Belgian club to win a match in European competitions. They eventually reached the quarter-finals. RU Saint-Gilloise entered the 1958–60 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and reached the semifinals. The Belgium national football team played 7 friendly games (3 draws, 4 losses).

Overview

At the end of the season, RRC Tournaisien and R Tilleur FC were relegated to Division II and were replaced by R Daring Club de Bruxelles and RFC Brugeois from Division II.
The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (RFC Renaisien and K Boom FC) were relegated to Division III, to be replaced by RRC de Bruxelles and K Olse Merksem) from Division III.
The bottom 2 clubs of each Division III league (K. Tongeren SC, RCS La Forestoise, RC Lokeren and SCUP Jette) were relegated to Promotion, to be replaced by R Crossing FC Ganshoren, US Centre, U Basse-Sambre-Auvelais and K Hasseltse VV from Promotion.

National team

Date                Venue                           Opponents        Score*  Comp  Belgium scorers
September 28, 1958  Bosuilstadion, Antwerp (H)      The Netherlands  2-3     F     Pierre Hanon, André Piters
October 26, 1958    Heysel Stadium, Brussels (H)    Turkey           1-1     F     André Piters
November 23, 1958   Nepstadion, Budapest (A)        Hungary          1-3     F     Karel Mallants
March 1, 1959       Stade Olympique, Colombes (A)   France           2-2     F     Martin Lippens, André Piters
April 19, 1959      Olympic Stadium, Amsterdam (A)  The Netherlands  2-2     F     Victor Wégria, Fernand Goyvaerts
May 24, 1959        Heysel Stadium, Brussels (H)    Austria          0-2     F
June 14, 1959       Praterstadion, Vienna (A)       Austria          2-4     F     Godfried Vandenboer, Henri Coppens

* Belgium score given first

Key


1958–59 in Belgian football

* Belgium score given first

Key

  * H = Home match
  * A = Away match
  * N = On neutral ground
  * F = Friendly
  * o.g. = own goal

European competitions

Standard Liège became the first Belgian club to win a match in European competition when they beat Hearts of Scotland on September 3, 1958 (5-1), in the first round of the 1958–59 European Champion Clubs' Cup. In spite of their loss in the second leg (2-1), Standard advanced to the second round, where they defeated Sporting of Portugal (wins 2–3 away and 3–0 at home). In the quarter-finals, Standard was eliminated by Stade Reims of France (win 2–0 at home and defeat 3–0 away).

RU Saint-Gilloise entered the 1958–60 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. They defeated a team from Leipzig of Germany in the first round (win 6–1 at home and defeat 1–0 away). In the quarter-finals, RU Saint-Gilloise eliminated AS Roma of Italy with a 2–0 home win followed by a 1–1 draw in Roma. The semifinals were played during the 1959–60 season. The Belgian lost to Birmingham City (two losses by 2–4).

Honours

Competition   Winner
Division I    RSC Anderlechtois
Division II   R Daring Club de Bruxelles
Division III  RRC de Bruxelles and K Olse Merksem
Promotion     R Crossing FC Ganshoren, US Centre, U Basse-Sambre-Auvelais and K Hasseltse VV

Final league tables

Premier Division

Main article: 1958–59 Belgian First Division
  * 1958-59 Top scorer: Victor Wégria (RFC Liégeois) with 26 goals.
  * 1958 Golden Shoe: Roland Storme (ARA La Gantoise)


Trenko Rujanović

Trenko Rujanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Тренко Рујановић; born c. 1870), known as Vojvoda Trenko (Војвода Тренко), was a Macedonian Serb Chetnik and Bulgarian apostate.

Life

Rujanović was born in the village of Krapa, in the Poreče region, part of the Ottoman Empire (now R. Macedonia). His father was Jovan Rujanović.

In 1895, he participated into the pro-Bulgarian Supreme Macedonian Committee chetas' action. Later he joined the Bulgarian-organized Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) and fought in the Kičevo region.

In 1904, he left IMRO and joined the Serbian Chetnik Organization and established one of the first Serbian bands.Stefan Dimitrov at the village of Orešje (April 1905) when the Serbian bands won the battle at Oreškim livadama against the IMRO. Also, he participated in the battle at Kurtov kamen (1907).Young Turk Revolution (1908), he left his weapon until further Young Turk pressing, reactivating his band in 1910.

Gallery

  * [Chetniks during the Hurriyet (1908). Rujanović standing in the centre.]
    Chetniks during the Hurriyet (1908). Rujanović standing in the centre.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trenko Rujanović.
  * Tasa Konević
  * List of Chetnik voivodes
  * Krakov, Stanislav (1990) [1930]. Plamen četništva (in Serbian). Belgrade: Hipnos.
  * Trbić, Vasilije (1996). Memoari: 1898-1912 (in Serbian). Kultura. ISBN 9788678010132.


1990 Uruguayan Primera División

Statistics of Primera División Uruguaya for the 1990 season. It was contested by 14 teams, and Bella Vista won the championship.

League standings

Pos  Team                  Pld  W   D   L   GF  GA  GD   Pts
1    Bella Vista           26   16  7   3   34  15  +19  39
2    Nacional              26   11  10  5   27  16  +11  32
3    Peñarol               26   12  7   7   37  21  +16  31
4    Central Español       26   12  5   9   30  25  +5   29
5    Racing Montevideo     26   9   11  6   25  21  +4   29
6    Danubio               26   10  9   7   24  21  +3   29
7    Liverpool             26   10  9   7   29  27  +2   29
8    Defensor Sporting     26   7   13  6   20  20  0    27
9    Rentistas             26   5   14  7   25  24  +1   24
10   Montevideo Wanderers  26   8   7   11  25  24  +1   23
11   Progreso              26   8   6   12  19  29  −10  22
12   Cerro                 26   5   11  10  23  32  −9   21
13   River Plate           26   6   7   13  19  33  −14  19
14   Huracán Buceo         26   3   4   19  12  41  −29  10

Source: rsssf.com
  * Uruguay - List of final tables (RSSSF)


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

This article is about the Boussinesq approximation for waves on a free-moving fluid surface. For other uses, see Boussinesq approximation.

Simulation of periodic waves over an underwater shoal with a Boussinesq-type model. The waves propagate over an elliptic-shaped underwater shoal on a plane beach. This example combines several effects of waves and shallow water, including refraction, diffraction, shoaling and weak non-linearity.

In fluid dynamics, the Boussinesq approximation for water waves is an approximation valid for weakly non-linear and fairly long waves. The approximation is named after Joseph Boussinesq, who first derived them in response to the observation by John Scott Russell of the wave of translation (also known as solitary wave or soliton). The 1872 paper of Boussinesq introduces the equations now known as the Boussinesq equations.

The Boussinesq approximation for water waves takes into account the vertical structure of the horizontal and vertical flow velocity. This results in non-linear partial differential equations, called Boussinesq-type equations, which incorporate frequency dispersion (as opposite to the shallow water equations, which are not frequency-dispersive). In coastal engineering, Boussinesq-type equations are frequently used in computer models for the simulation of water waves in shallow seas and harbours.

While the Boussinesq approximation is applicable to fairly long waves – that is, when the wavelength is large compared to the water depth – the Stokes expansion is more appropriate for short waves (when the wavelength is of the same order as the water depth, or shorter).

Boussinesq approximation

Periodic waves in the Boussinesq approximation, shown in a vertical cross section in the wave propagation direction. Notice the flat troughs and sharp crests, due to the wave nonlinearity. This case (drawn on scale) shows a wave with the wavelength equal to 39.1 m, the wave height is 1.8 m (i.e. the difference between crest and trough elevation), and the mean water depth is 5 m, while the gravitational acceleration is 9.81 m/s2.


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

The essential idea in the Boussinesq approximation is the elimination of the vertical coordinate from the flow equations, while retaining some of the influences of the vertical structure of the flow under water waves. This is useful because the waves propagate in the horizontal plane and have a different (not wave-like) behaviour in the vertical direction. Often, as in Boussinesq's case, the interest is primarily in the wave propagation.

This elimination of the vertical coordinate was first done by Joseph Boussinesq in 1871, to construct an approximate solution for the solitary wave (or wave of translation). Subsequently, in 1872, Boussinesq derived the equations known nowadays as the Boussinesq equations.

The steps in the Boussinesq approximation are:

  * a Taylor expansion is made of the horizontal and vertical flow velocity (or velocity potential) around a certain elevation,
  * this Taylor expansion is truncated to a finite number of terms,
  * the conservation of mass (see continuity equation) for an incompressible flow and the zero-curl condition for an irrotational flow are used, to replace vertical partial derivatives of quantities in the Taylor expansion with horizontal partial derivatives.

Thereafter, the Boussinesq approximation is applied to the remaining flow equations, in order to eliminate the dependence on the vertical coordinate. As a result, the resulting partial differential equations are in terms of functions of the horizontal coordinates (and time).

As an example, consider potential flow over a horizontal bed in the [(x,z)] plane, with [x] the horizontal and [z] the vertical coordinate. The bed is located at [{\displaystyle z=-h}], where [h] is the mean water depth. A Taylor expansion is made of the velocity potential [{\displaystyle \varphi (x,z,t)}] around the bed level [{\displaystyle z=-h}]:


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

[{\begin{aligned}\varphi \,=\,&\varphi _{b}\,+\,(z+h)\,\left[{\frac {\partial \varphi }{\partial z}}\right]_{{z=-h}}\,+\,{\frac {1}{2}}\,(z+h)^{2}\,\left[{\frac {\partial ^{2}\varphi }{\partial z^{2}}}\right]_{{z=-h}}\,\\&+\,{\frac {1}{6}}\,(z+h)^{3}\,\left[{\frac {\partial ^{3}\varphi }{\partial z^{3}}}\right]_{{z=-h}}\,+\,{\frac {1}{24}}\,(z+h)^{4}\,\left[{\frac {\partial ^{4}\varphi }{\partial z^{4}}}\right]_{{z=-h}}\,+\,\cdots ,\end{aligned}}]

where [{\displaystyle \varphi _{b}(x,t)}] is the velocity potential at the bed. Invoking Laplace's equation for [\varphi ], as valid for incompressible flow, gives:


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

[{\begin{aligned}\varphi \,=\,&\left\{\,\varphi _{b}\,-\,{\frac {1}{2}}\,(z+h)^{2}\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}\varphi _{b}}{\partial x^{2}}}\,+\,{\frac {1}{24}}\,(z+h)^{4}\,{\frac {\partial ^{4}\varphi _{b}}{\partial x^{4}}}\,+\,\cdots \,\right\}\,\\&+\,\left\{\,(z+h)\,\left[{\frac {\partial \varphi }{\partial z}}\right]_{{z=-h}}\,-\,{\frac 16}\,(z+h)^{3}\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x^{2}}}\left[{\frac {\partial \varphi }{\partial z}}\right]_{{z=-h}}\,+\,\cdots \,\right\}\\=\,&\left\{\,\varphi _{b}\,-\,{\frac {1}{2}}\,(z+h)^{2}\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}\varphi _{b}}{\partial x^{2}}}\,+\,{\frac {1}{24}}\,(z+h)^{4}\,{\frac {\partial ^{4}\varphi _{b}}{\partial x^{4}}}\,+\,\cdots \,\right\},\end{aligned}}]


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

since the vertical velocity [{\displaystyle \partial \varphi /\partial z}] is zero at the – impermeable – horizontal bed [{\displaystyle z=-h}]. This series may subsequently be truncated to a finite number of terms.

Original Boussinesq equations

Derivation

For water waves on an incompressible fluid and irrotational flow in the [(x,z)] plane, the boundary conditions at the free surface elevation [{\displaystyle z=\eta (x,t)}] are:

[{\begin{aligned}{\frac {\partial \eta }{\partial t}}\,&+\,u\,{\frac {\partial \eta }{\partial x}}\,-\,w\,=\,0\\{\frac {\partial \varphi }{\partial t}}\,&+\,{\frac {1}{2}}\,\left(u^{2}+w^{2}\right)\,+\,g\,\eta \,=\,0,\end{aligned}}]

where:

  * [u] is the horizontal flow velocity component: [{\displaystyle u=\partial \varphi /\partial x}],
  * [w] is the vertical flow velocity component: [{\displaystyle w=\partial \varphi /\partial z}],
  * [g] is the acceleration by gravity.

Now the Boussinesq approximation for the velocity potential [\varphi ], as given above, is applied in these boundary conditions. Further, in the resulting equations only the linear and quadratic terms with respect to [\eta ] and [u_b] are retained (with [{\displaystyle u_{b}=\partial \varphi _{b}/\partial x}] the horizontal velocity at the bed [{\displaystyle z=-h}]). The cubic and higher order terms are assumed to be negligible. Then, the following partial differential equations are obtained:


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

set A – Boussinesq (1872), equation (25) [{\begin{aligned}{\frac {\partial \eta }{\partial t}}\,&+\,{\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}\,\left[\left(h+\eta \right)\,u_{b}\right]\,=\,{\frac {1}{6}}\,h^{3}\,{\frac {\partial ^{3}u_{b}}{\partial x^{3}}},\\{\frac {\partial u_{b}}{\partial t}}\,&+\,u_{b}\,{\frac {\partial u_{b}}{\partial x}}\,+\,g\,{\frac {\partial \eta }{\partial x}}\,=\,{\frac {1}{2}}\,h^{2}\,{\frac {\partial ^{3}u_{b}}{\partial t\,\partial x^{2}}}.\end{aligned}}]

This set of equations has been derived for a flat horizontal bed, i.e. the mean depth [h] is a constant independent of position [x]. When the right-hand sides of the above equations are set to zero, they reduce to the shallow water equations.

Under some additional approximations, but at the same order of accuracy, the above set A can be reduced to a single partial differential equation for the free surface elevation [\eta ]:


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

set B – Boussinesq (1872), equation (26) [{\frac {\partial ^{2}\eta }{\partial t^{2}}}\,-\,gh\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}\eta }{\partial x^{2}}}\,-\,gh\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x^{2}}}\left({\frac {3}{2}}\,{\frac {\eta ^{2}}{h}}\,+\,{\frac {1}{3}}\,h^{2}\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}\eta }{\partial x^{2}}}\right)\,=\,0.]

From the terms between brackets, the importance of nonlinearity of the equation can be expressed in terms of the Ursell number. In dimensionless quantities, using the water depth [h] and gravitational acceleration [g] for non-dimensionalization, this equation reads, after normalization:

[{\frac {\partial ^{2}\psi }{\partial \tau ^{2}}}\,-\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}\psi }{\partial \xi ^{2}}}\,-\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial \xi ^{2}}}\left(\,3\,\psi ^{2}\,+\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}\psi }{\partial \xi ^{2}}}\,\right)\,=\,0,]

with:


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

with:

[\psi \,=\,{\frac 12}\,{\frac {\eta }{h}}]            : the dimensionless surface elevation,
[\tau \,=\,{\sqrt {3}}\,t\,{\sqrt {{\frac {g}{h}}}}]  : the dimensionless time, and
[\xi \,=\,{\sqrt {3}}\,{\frac {x}{h}}]                : the dimensionless horizontal position.

Linear phase speed squared [{\displaystyle c^{2}/(gh)}] as a function of relative wave number [kh].
A = Boussinesq (1872), equation (25),
B = Boussinesq (1872), equation (26),
C = full linear wave theory, see dispersion (water waves)

Linear frequency dispersion

Water waves of different wave lengths travel with different phase speeds, a phenomenon known as frequency dispersion. For the case of infinitesimal wave amplitude, the terminology is linear frequency dispersion. The frequency dispersion characteristics of a Boussinesq-type of equation can be used to determine the range of wave lengths, for which it is a valid approximation.

The linear frequency dispersion characteristics for the above set A of equations are:

[c^{2}\,=\;gh\,{\frac {1\,+\,{\frac {1}{6}}\,k^{2}h^{2}}{1\,+\,{\frac {1}{2}}\,k^{2}h^{2}}},]

with:

  * [c] the phase speed,
  * [k] the wave number ([k=2\pi /\lambda ], with [\lambda ] the wave length).


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

The relative error in the phase speed [c] for set A, as compared with linear theory for water waves, is less than 4% for a relative wave number [{\displaystyle kh<\pi /2}]. So, in engineering applications, set A is valid for wavelengths [\lambda ] larger than 4 times the water depth [h].

The linear frequency dispersion characteristics of equation B are:

[c^{2}\,=\,gh\,\left(1\,-\,{\frac {1}{3}}\,k^{2}h^{2}\right).]

The relative error in the phase speed for equation B is less than 4% for [{\displaystyle kh<2\pi /7}], equivalent to wave lengths [\lambda ] longer than 7 times the water depth [h], called fairly long waves.

For short waves with [{\displaystyle k^{2}h^{2}>3}] equation B become physically meaningless, because there are no longer real-valued solutions of the phase speed. The original set of two partial differential equations (Boussinesq, 1872, equation 25, see set A above) does not have this shortcoming.

The shallow water equations have a relative error in the phase speed less than 4% for wave lengths [\lambda ] in excess of 13 times the water depth [h].

Boussinesq-type equations and extensions

There are an overwhelming number of mathematical models which are referred to as Boussinesq equations. This may easily lead to confusion, since often they are loosely referenced to as the Boussinesq equations, while in fact a variant thereof is considered. So it is more appropriate to call them Boussinesq-type equations. Strictly speaking, the Boussinesq equations is the above-mentioned set B, since it is used in the analysis in the remainder of his 1872 paper.

Some directions, into which the Boussinesq equations have been extended, are:


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

* varying bathymetry,
  * improved frequency dispersion,
  * improved non-linear behavior,
  * making a Taylor expansion around different vertical elevations,
  * dividing the fluid domain in layers, and applying the Boussinesq approximation in each layer separately,
  * inclusion of wave breaking,
  * inclusion of surface tension,
  * extension to internal waves on an interface between fluid domains of different mass density,
  * derivation from a variational principle.

Further approximations for one-way wave propagation

While the Boussinesq equations allow for waves traveling simultaneously in opposing directions, it is often advantageous to only consider waves traveling in one direction. Under small additional assumptions, the Boussinesq equations reduce to:

  * the Korteweg–de Vries equation for wave propagation in one horizontal dimension,
  * the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation for (near uni-directional) wave propagation in two horizontal dimensions,
  * the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS equation) for the complex-valued amplitude of narrowband waves (slowly modulated waves).

Besides solitary wave solutions, the Korteweg–de Vries equation also has periodic and exact solutions, called cnoidal waves. These are approximate solutions of the Boussinesq equation.

Numerical models

A simulation with a Boussinesq-type wave model of nearshore waves travelling towards a harbour entrance. The simulation is with the BOUSS-2D module of SMS.

Faster than real-time simulation with the Boussinesq module of Celeris, showing wave breaking and refraction near the beach. The model provides an interactive environment.

For the simulation of wave motion near coasts and harbours, numerical models – both commercial and academic – employing Boussinesq-type equations exist. Some commercial examples are the Boussinesq-type wave modules in MIKE 21 and SMS. Some of the free Boussinesq models are Celeris,finite-difference, finite-volume or finite element techniques for the discretization of the model equations. Scientific reviews and intercomparisons of several Boussinesq-type equations, their numerical approximation and performance are e.g. Kirby (2003), Dingemans (1997, Part 2, Chapter 5) and Hamm, Madsen & Peregrine (1993).


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

* Boussinesq, J. (1871). "Théorie de l'intumescence liquide, applelée onde solitaire ou de translation, se propageant dans un canal rectangulaire". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. 72: 755–759.
  * Boussinesq, J. (1872). "Théorie des ondes et des remous qui se propagent le long d'un canal rectangulaire horizontal, en communiquant au liquide contenu dans ce canal des vitesses sensiblement pareilles de la surface au fond". Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Deuxième Série. 17: 55–108.
  * Dingemans, M.W. (1997). Wave propagation over uneven bottoms. Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering 13. World Scientific, Singapore. ISBN 978-981-02-0427-3. Archived from the original on 2012-02-08 See Part 2, Chapter 5.
  * Hamm, L.; Madsen, P.A.; Peregrine, D.H. (1993). "Wave transformation in the nearshore zone: A review". Coastal Engineering. 21 (1–3): 5–39. doi:10.1016/0378-3839(93)90044-9.
  * Johnson, R.S. (1997). A modern introduction to the mathematical theory of water waves. Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics. Vol. 19. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-59832-X.
  * Kirby, J.T. (2003). "Boussinesq models and applications to nearshore wave propagation, surfzone processes and wave-induced currents". In Lakhan, V.C. (ed.). Advances in Coastal Modeling. Elsevier Oceanography Series. Vol. 67. Elsevier. pp. 1–41. ISBN 0-444-51149-0.


Boussinesq approximation (water waves)

* Peregrine, D.H. (1967). "Long waves on a beach". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 27 (4): 815–827. Bibcode:1967JFM....27..815P. doi:10.1017/S0022112067002605. S2CID 119385147.
  * Peregrine, D.H. (1972). "Equations for water waves and the approximations behind them". In Meyer, R.E. (ed.). Waves on Beaches and Resulting Sediment Transport. Academic Press. pp. 95–122. ISBN 0-12-493250-9.