Lafayette Head

About 1859 two Catholic priests, Father Machebeuf (later the first Bishop of Denver) and Father Ussell, traveled from Santa Fe to visit the little town of Guadalupe. On arrival they were met by Lafayette Head and Don Jesus Velasques, "the principal men of this miniature commonwealth." In his account of the trip, Father Ussell noted that Head was a convert to Catholicism, had been baptized by Bishop Lamy, and married a Mexican lady from a very good family. Ussell described the houses of Head and Velasquez as having only two rooms each - a kitchen and a large hall. Head's home served as a temporary church for two days while Fathers Machebeuf and Ussell heard hundreds of confessions and offered communion. Guadalupe sat in lowland along the river and was subject to flooding. The residents had selected a better site on high ground between the Conejos River and San Antonio Creek and laid out plans for a new town called Conejos. During the visit Father Machebeuf selected a site for a church in the new town.

Indian Agent

In 1859 Head was appointed Special Agent for the Ute and Jicarilla Apache Indians. He continued as an Indian Agent for nine years, primarily with the Utes, using his home at Conejos as the agency headquarters. Head spoke Spanish but not the Ute language. On the recommendation of Kit Carson, he hired a Ute named Ouray as his interpreter. Ouray spoke fluent Spanish, some English, Apache and Ute.

Head accompanied the 1863 Ute delegation to Washington, DC to discuss a treaty. While there, the delegation met with President Lincoln, who made his traditional presentation of a silver tipped cane to Ouray, the delegation leader. In October of that year Head served as a member of the Commission appointed to finalize the treaty with the Utes. A handful of government representatives, accompanied by a military contingent, met at Head's ranch with 1,500 Utes.

In 1868, Head returned to Washington, DC with another Ute delegation and signed the March 2, 1868 treaty as a witness, listing himself as U. S. Indian Agent. Signing as Commissioners for the United States were A. C. Hunt, Governor of Colorado Territory, and Kit Carson.

Colorado Legislator


Lafayette Head

Colorado Legislator

When Colorado Territory was formed in 1861 out of parts of the territories of New Mexico, Utah, Nebraska, and Kansas, Head's ranch became part of Colorado. In 1872, he was elected to the Colorado Territorial Legislature from Conejos.

Colorado became the Centennial State on August 1, 1876. Head was chosen Colorado's first lieutenant governor in the October 3, 1876 general election. He received 14,191 votes to 13,003 for his opponent, Michael Beshor. As Lieutenant Governor, Head was the presiding officer of the Colorado Senate, which included 26 elected senators.

Head was elected one of six Colorado delegates to the 1880 Republican National Convention which met in Chicago and nominated James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur as candidates for President and Vice President.


Burglauer

Burglauer is a municipality in the district of Rhön-Grabfeld in Bavaria, Germany. It lies on the river Lauer.

Its history as a municipality dates back to 1818. As of 2016-12-31, it had a population of 1,664.

  * Official website


Guazzelli

Guazzelli is a surname. Notable people with this name include:

  * Élisabeth Guazzelli (born 1955), French physicist
  * Eloar Guazzelli
  * François Guazzelli
  * Giuliano Guazzelli
  * Sinval Guazzelli
  * Victor Guazzelli (1920–2004), British Catholic bishop


Deuda

Look up deuda in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Deuda may refer to:

  * Deuda (film), 2004
  * Deuda (genre), song and dance genre from Nepal
  * "Deuda" (bolero), 1945 song by Luis Marquetti, recorded by Arsenio Rodríguez and others


For the Birds (short story)

"For the Birds" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. The editor of a proposed fashion magazine wanted a science fiction story about a clothing designer. Asimov agreed, and wrote the story in November 1978. It was accepted, but the proposed magazine never appeared, and Asimov sold the story to Asimov's Science Fiction. "For the Birds" was published in the May 1980 issue of Asimov's, and was reprinted in the 1983 collection The Winds of Change and Other Stories. The story was one of three Asimov wrote in the late 1970s set among a series of O'Neill-type space habitats.

Plot summary

Charles Modine is a fashion designer who has been hired by a company called Space Structures, Ltd. to design wings for use in space habitats. The habitats have only recently been built, and Space Structures is having trouble attracting immigrants; they hope that the prospect of flight will attract more permanent residents. Also, if the residents take up flying on a regular basis, the regular exercise they receive will eliminate the need to keep the habitat spinning rapidly, with its attendant unpleasant Coriolis effect. Modine travels up to Space Settlement Five, where he learns that the habitat's engineers have already designed a set of wings. Unfortunately, they are difficult to master; it will be Modine's job to redesign the wings in some way that will make it easier (or at least more attractive) to fly. Modine decides to design a set of wings for himself. After a week's work, he gives a demonstration for the habitat's administrators, and it is a success. Modine realized that in the low-gravity region near the habitat's axis, the movement of fish through water would be a better model than the movement of birds through the air, so he designed flying gear with fins and flippers. "Wings," he points out, "are for the birds."

  * For the Birds title listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database


Arthur Grundmann

Arthur Grundmann (23 March 1920 – 16 August 1987) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and former member of the German Bundestag.

Life

In the election to the first Bundestag in 1949, he was elected to parliament via the North Rhine-Westphalia state list. Grundmann was a full member of the Committee for Petitions, for Labour and from October 1950 to October 1951 also of the Committee for Borderland Issues.

Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.


Leo Ellis Post No. 22, American Legion Building

The Leo Ellis Post #22, American Legion Building is a historic American Legion building located at 804 Grant St. in Princeton, Mercer County, Missouri. It was built in 1935, and is a rectangular reinforced concrete structure faced in brick. It measures 30 feet by 32 feet, and features a crenelated parapet is capped by pre-formed concrete blocks.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.


Hohenburg (Lenggries)

1701 engraving of the Hohenburg by Michael Wening

ruins of the castle, photographed in 2008

further ruins of the castle

The Hohenburg (previously also called Hochenburg) is a ruined medieval castle near Lenggries in Bavaria, Germany. Once a dominating centre of power in the region, it was destroyed by fire on 21 July 1717.

History

The castle was built on a crag overlooking the Hirschbach; the first recorded mention of it dates to around 1100. For centuries it was the major centre of power in the Isarwinkel, the region along the Isar between Bad Tölz and Wallgau. The community of log-rafters and craftsmen which grew up below it became Lenggries.

The original owners of the Hohenburg were the lords of Thann. Late in the 12th century it came into the possession of the lords of Tölz, and in 1262 passed to the Wittelsbachs. From 1294 it was in the possession of the lords of Egling, then from 1396 of the lords of Maxlrain, who substantially rebuilt and enlarged it in 1410–20. In 1522 it passed to the House of Schellenberg. Finally in 1566 Dionys von Schellenberg sold the castle and fief to his nephew Hanns Paul Herwarth, and they remained in his line until 1800.

Until the mid-16th century it remained a defensive castle; there is a legend of a tunnel under the Isar connecting it with the Neuburg on the Brauneck.

In 1705 the castle and the town were in the centre of the Bavarian People's Uprising against Austrian occupation; the first resistance was organised there. The uprising ended with Sendling's Night of Murder on Christmas Day in 1705 and the Battle of Aidenbach in January 1706.


Hohenburg (Lenggries)

During the War of the Spanish Succession, the castle was occupied by Austrian troops and on 21 July 1707 a fire of unexplained origins spread to the entire castle within an hour and completely destroyed it. According to Judge Mayr's report to Count Herwarth, the fire broke out at about 10 o'clock in the Great Hall, which was being used as a barracks, and the hussars set up a hue and cry but evacuated the castle rather than attempt to fight it. Their lieutenant objected to the suggestion that his men had caused the fire through drunkenness or carelessness and blamed a dirty, blocked fireplace in the hall; however, several witnesses later said the fireplace had not been the source of the fire.

The castle was then mostly demolished, the stones being reused for the parish church and the new Schloss Hohenburg, which was built approximately 300 metres (330 yd) to the west. Trees that have grown up on the site have further broken up what remains.

Modern times

The site is still heavily wooded. Part of a tower, several ramparts and ruined walls and a well shaft remain of the castle. During the 20th century Romantics and preservationists became aware of the ruin and sought to prevent it from decaying further. A Burgverein—castle association—was founded in 2003, and organised a permanent exhibit at the Lenggries museum that opened in 2007 on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the castle's destruction. In 2004–06, geodesy experts from the University of the German Federal Armed Forces at Neubiberg near Munich surveyed the site and the ruins with lasers, making it the first castle in Bavaria of which an accurate virtual model exists; this is the centrepiece of the museum display.


Hohenburg (Lenggries)

* Michael Petzet, Georg Paula and Angelika Wegener-Hüssen. Denkmäler in Bayern. Volume 5 Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen. 2nd ed. Munich: Lipp, 1994, ISBN 3-874905-73-X. (in German)
  * Jochem Ulrich. Die Burg über dem Dorf. 700 Jahre Hohenburg. 2001/2007, ISBN 3-924439-00-1 (in German)
  * Michael W. Weithmann. Inventar der Burgen Oberbayerns. 3rd ed. Munich: Bezirk Oberbayern, Fachberatung Heimatpflege, 1995, OCLC 214516608, pp. 190–93. (in German)
  * Michael Weithmann. "Keine Romantik im engen Wohnturm: Burgen im Isarwinkel". In: Ritter und Burgen in Oberbayern. Streifzüge ins mittelalterliche Land zwischen Alpen, Donau, Lech und Salzach. Dachau: Bayerland, 1999, ISBN 3-89251-276-0. (in German)
  * Werner Meyer. Burgen in Oberbayern - Ein Handbuch von Werner Meyer. Würzburg: Weidlich, 1986, ISBN 3-8035-1279-4, pp. 41–43. (in German)
  * Media related to Hohenburg (Lenggries) at Wikimedia Commons
  * Förderverein Burgruine Hohenburg e.V. (in German)
  * Lehrpfad zur Burgruine Hohenburg, tourist map, Town of Lenggries (pdf) (in German)

47°40′23.05″N 11°35′27.57″E / 47.6730694°N 11.5909917°E


Johannes Rothe

Johannes Rothé, or Jan Rothe, de Rothe of Rode, also Mr Roder (Amsterdam, 2 December 1628 - 18 March 1702),Fifth Monarchist.

He was the son of an Amsterdam patrician, Zacharias Rothe, a sugar merchant and administrator at the Dutch East India Company. His mother was Mary Bas. She died in childbirth. His father sent him on foreign trips in preparation for merchant life, where he was introduced to the pietistic ideas of Ludwig Friedrich Gifftheil among others.

Walking the Haagse Bosch in 1652 he received a calling as a prophet, stating "God came to me like in a heavy tempest".

During the First Anglo-Dutch War, he served as an itinerant preacher. Through sermons and writings, he sought contact with foreign leaders. In 1654 he was imprisoned in England by Oliver Cromwell, as his sermons were seen as a plea for the return of Charles II of England. After his release in 1658, he travelled to Denmark and Prussia, before returning to England in 1660. At that time, Charles had been restored to the crown and rewarded his supporters, including Rothé, who was elevated to a peerage. In London, he married Anna (Nan) Hartlib, daughter of the celebrated scholar and "Intelligencer" Samuel Hartlib. The diarist Samuel Pepys wrote an account of the wedding,Goring House, and was described as a magnificent occasion. Pepys somewhat cynically remarked that Nan was lucky to marry a wealthy man, ("a great fortune she has lit upon"), since her father was almost destitute. Presumably Roder, or his brother-in-law, the German-born chemist Frederick Clod, who had married Nan's sister Mary, paid for the lavish wedding.

After returning to the Low Countries, Rothé continued writing pamphlets. He threatened senior people, especially the "stadhouder", declaring that they should do penance. He announced the coming of Nebuchadnezzar II, Chaldean king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. In the year 1672 (the Dutch "year of disaster") after the assassination of Johan de Witt, he foretold the end of the world and with his supporters he moved North to fight the final battle against Satan. He arrived in Hamburg in 1677 with his followers, who quickly disbanded after the world's end failed to arrive.


Johannes Rothe

Because of another pamphlet aimed at William III of Orange he was arrested in 1676 and imprisoned. Family connections led to his release.

Publications

  * Eenige Schriften, tot dienst van alle Inwoonderen van het Triumphante Koninckrijck Jesu Christi. 1664
  * Een nieuwe Hemel en Aerde. Amsterdam 1673
  * Eenige Prophetien en revelatien Godts, aengaende de Christen Werelt in dese Eeuw. Amsterdam 1673
  * Spiegel voor alle Menschen, besonderlijck voor de Leeraren, in dese Eeuw. Amsterdam 1673
  * Het leger des Grooten Godts. Amsterdam 1673
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jan Rothe.


George Akiyama

Part of a series on
Anime and manga

Anime
  * History
  * Voice acting
  * Companies
  * Studios
  * Original video animation
  * Original net animation
  * Fansub
  * Fandub
  * Lists
      + Longest series
      + Longest franchises
Manga
  * History
  * Publishers
  * International market
  * Manga artist
  * Doujinshi
  * Alternative
  * Gekiga
  * Yonkoma
  * Iconography
  * Scanlation
  * Lists
      + Best-selling series
      + Longest series
Demographic groups
  * Children
  * Shōnen
  * Shōjo
  * Seinen
  * Josei
Genres
  * Bara
  * Cooking
  * Harem
  * Isekai
  * Lolicon
  * Magical girl
  * Mecha
  * Otomechikku
  * Ryona
  * Shotacon
  * Sports
  * Teens' love
  * Yaoi
  * Yuri
People
  * Manga artists
  * Anime directors
Fandom
  * Conventions (list)
  * Clubs
  * Cosplay
  * Anime music video
  * Otaku
  * Yaoi fandom
General
  * Glossary
      + Ecchi
      + Hentai
      + Moe
  * Anime-influenced animation
  * 2.5D musical
  * Anime song
[icon] Anime and manga portal
  * v
  * t
  * e

George Akiyama (ジョージ秋山, Jōji Akiyama, born Yūji Akiyama (秋山 勇二), April 27, 1943 – May 12, 2020) was a Japanese manga artist known for dealing with controversial and incendiary topics in many of his works.

Biography


George Akiyama

Biography

Akiyama quit high school and moved to Tokyo to become a manga artist. After working briefly as a book wholesaler, he became an assistant for manga artist Kenji Morita.Gaikotsu-kun, which was published in Bekkan Shōnen Magazine, and shocked readers in 1970 with Ashura, which contained numerous unsettling depictions of human life. The first chapter of Ashura contains a scene where a woman commits cannibalism to prevent herself from dying of starvation, and later attempts to eat her own child as well.Weekly Shōnen Magazine, which first published this chapter, was banned in several regions as a result of this scene, propelling Akiyama to infamy within the manga industry. Akiyama continued his career with Kokuhaku (lit. "Confessions"), which began serialization in the 11th edition of Weekly Shōnen Sunday in 1971. This manga took on an unprecedented format where Akiyama would make a confession each week (for instance, in one chapter he confesses that he is a murderer), only to admit that his confession was a lie in the following week's chapter.

Akiyama came out of retirement only 3 months later with Bara no Sakamichi, which began serialization in the 34th edition of Weekly Shōnen Jump in 1971. He started his longest work, Haguregumo, on Big Comic Original, which won him the Shogakukan Manga Award in 1979.anime film by Toei Animation and Madhouse in 1982.

Akiyama died on May 12, 2020, at the age of 77 of unspecified causes.

Notable works


George Akiyama

Title                                             Year       Collected
Patman X (パットマンX, Pattoman X)                     1967–1968  5 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Magazine, Kodansha
                                                             Recipient of the Kodansha Jidō Manga Award.
Derorinman (デロリンマン)                               1969–1970  2 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Jump, Shueisha
                                                             The volumes were titled Ganso Derorinman (元祖デロリンマン) because they were released after the 1975 remake.
Braggart Dondon (ほらふきドンドン, Horafuki Dondon)       1969–1970  5 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Magazine, Kodansha
Ashura (アシュラ)                                     1970–1971  3 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Magazine, Kodansha
Zeni Geba (銭ゲバ)                                   1970–1971  5 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Sunday, Shogakukan
Kokuhaku (告白)                                     1971       1 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Sunday, Shogakukan
Bara no Sakamichi (ばらの坂道)                         1971–1972  3 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Jump, Shueisha
The Moon (ザ・ムーン)                                  1972–1973  4 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Sunday, Shogakukan
Cloudy the Wanderer (浮浪雲, Haguregumo)             1973–2017  112 tankōbon, Big Comic Original, Shogakukan
Hana no Yotarō                                    1974–1979  15 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Champion
Derorinman                                        1975–1976  3 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Magazine, Kodansha
                                                             Remake of the 1969 manga, which differs significantly from the original version.
Bonkura Dōshin                                    1976–1977  4 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Magazine, Kodansha
Gyara                                             1979–1981  8 tankōbon, Shōnen King
Pink no Curtain                                   1980–1984  Part 1: 15 tankōbon, Part 2: 6 tankōbon, Weekly Manga Goraku
Chōjin Haruko                                     1982–1984  3 tankōbon, Weekly Morning


George Akiyama

Kaijin Gonzui                                     1984       1 tankōbon, Weekly Shōnen Jump
Koiko no Mainichi                                 1985–1992  32 tankōbon, Weekly Manga Action
Kudoki-ya Joe                                     1986–1987  4 tankōbon, Big Comic Superior
Lovelin Monroe                                    1989–1993  13 tankōbon, Young Magazine
Onnagata Kisaburō                                 1993–2002  7 tankōbon, Big Comic Original Sōkan
Hakuai no Hito                                    1993–1996  8 tankōbon, Big Gold
Dobugero-sama                                     1995–1996  1 tankōbon, Monthly Shōnen Gangan
Sutegataki Hitobito                               1996–1999  5 tankōbon, Big Gold
Ikinasai Kiki                                     2001–2002  4 tankōbon,
WHO are YOU                                       2002       1 tankōbon, Big Comic Original Sōkan
                                                             Author listed as Yūji Akiyama during serialization.
Manga Chūgoku Nyūmon: Yakkai na Rinjin no Kenkyū  2005       Published by Asukashinsha.


George Akiyama

* Official Website Archived 2009-02-21 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese)
  * George Akiyama at Anime News Network's encyclopedia


Burgo Partridge

Lytton Burgo Partridge (8 June 1935 – 7 September 1963) was an English author and member of the Bloomsbury Group.

He was the son of Ralph Partridge and Frances Marshall, and named after Lytton Strachey. In 1962, Burgo married Henrietta Garnett, daughter of Angelica Garnett and David Garnett.A History of Orgies (1958),Anthony Blond.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bloomsbury Group.
  * List of Bloomsbury Group people


Lafayette Hotel

Lafayette Hotel or Hotel Lafayette may refer to:

  * Hotel Lafayette, an historic hotel in Buffalo, New York built between 1902 and 1911
  * Hotel Lafayette (New York City), a hotel and restaurant which operated in New York City from 1902 to 1949
  * LaFayette Hotel, an historic hotel in Little Rock, Arkansas built in 1925
  * The Lafayette Hotel, Swim Club & Bungalows, a hotel in San Diego, California built in 1946
  * The Lafayette Hotel in Marietta, Ohio built in 1918
  * Lafayette (disambiguation)


Burtscher

Burtscher is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

  * Benedikt Burtscher (fl. 1700), the building master of the Huguenot church in Usingen, Germany
  * Michael Burtscher (born 1985), Filipino-Swiss basketballer
  * Roland Burtscher (born 1969), Austrian tennis player and coach
  * Wolfgang Burtscher (fl. 2020–present), the current Director-General for Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Union


Deudorix ecaudata

Deudorix ecaudata, the untailed playboy, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Kenya (east of the Rift Valley), northern Tanzania and Malawi.

The larvae feed on Acacia species and are associated with ants of the genus Pheidole.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deudorix ecaudata.
Wikispecies has information related to Deudorix ecaudata.


For king and country

For king and country and similar may refer to:

  * For King & Country (band), formerly "Joel & Luke", a Christian pop-rock band
  * "For King and Country", a module for the game Advanced Squad Leader
  * "For King & Country", episode 34 of Sanctuary
  * For God and Country (disambiguation)
  * King and Country, a 1964 British war film
  * The King and Country debate, in 1933 at the Oxford Union debating society
  * King & Country (company), manufacturer of military miniatures
  * Queen and Country (disambiguation)


Elligserbrink Shale Formation

The Elligserbrink Shale Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

  * List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany
  * Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database"


Leo Elter

Leo William "Ducky" Elter (October 21, 1929 – August 23, 2008) was an American football running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Washington Redskins.

Early life

Elter was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He attended Shaler Area High School, where he played football and baseball.

College career

Elter started his college football career at Duquesne University, but then transferred to Villanova University after the Duquesne team disbanded for a short time.

Military

After graduating from college, Elter joined the United States Marine CorpsMarine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island.

Professional career

After being discharged by the Marines, he was signed by Art Rooney, founder of the Pittsburgh Steelers.Washington Redskins (1955–1957), rushing for a total of 1,380 yards and catching passes for a total of 556 yards. He was named to the Pro Bowl in 1956.

After football

After retiring from football, Elter worked at the Allegheny County Workhouse in Blawnox, Pennsylvania and coached the inmates' football team. He was elected to the Duquesne University Sports Hall of Fame in 1984 and the Western Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame in 1994. In 2000, he was inducted into the American Football Association Hall of Fame.

  *
  * Career statistics and player information from NFL.com · Pro Football Reference
  * Leo Elter at Find a Grave


Hohenfels-Essingen

Hohenfels-Essingen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Geography

The municipality lies in the Vulkaneifel, a part of the Eifel known for its volcanic history, geographical and geological features, and even ongoing activity today, including gases that sometimes well up from the earth. Hohenfels-Essingen lies in the Hangelsbach valley framed by the Feuerberg (588 m), the Alter Voß (588 m, with “Liberation Beech”) and the Mühlenberg (585 m, with its well-known millstone quarries).

History

As witnessed by archaeological finds, Hohenfels was already settled in Roman and Frankish times and in 948, it had its first documentary mention. Essingen was first mentioned in a document in 1193 as an estate belonging to the Sankt Thomas Monastery.

Romans and Franks

In the late 2nd century, the Romans came into the west Eifel. Roman troops found natives who worked at cropraising, but who were so small in number that they only occupied a relatively small area. With the systematic opening of the land with military roads and the attendant onset of regional and even national trade opportunities, land clearing was begun in these lands, which were particularly good for cropraising. The land each side of the roads was overlaid with a network of estates that were run both as state and private enterprises. Some of the most important Roman roads ran over the northern heights of Hohenfels and through the Kyll valley north of Trier.

In the district Im Keller (“In the Cellar”) in Hohenfels, the remnants of a portico villa were found during building excavations in 1957. Only about 200 metres away in 1914 in the rural cadastral area Auf Grafenfeld in Hohenfels, two Roman graves were unearthed and salvaged for the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.


Hohenfels-Essingen

The great Germanic taking of the land between 400 and 600 destroyed Roman culture and brought the area into the “army kings’” (Heerkönige) hands. The people who had lived here until now – Romanized Celts and Romans – either fled or were subdued. The Frankish kings dealt the formerly Roman estates out to their warriors. In Hohenfels, an old settlement founded by the Franks can be found right near the Roman portico villa. In Auf Grafenfeld, a great burying ground from Frankish times was unearthed and explored in 1912: 125 Frankish graves from the 4th to 8th centuries.

15th to 17th centuries

Even before the Thirty Years' War, the Mühlenberg was riven with galleries in which millstones were being produced. As protection, in particular against Swedish troops, these galleries and caves were expanded and then used to shelter livestock. For a water supply, great basins were hewn in lava blocks, which could hold up to 300 litres of water. Water was to be had from a spring outlet on the mountain’s south slope.

After the Thirty Years’ War, the land had been laid waste and the people impoverished. Moreover, there were sicknesses like the Plague and cholera. From this time come seven wayside crosses hewn from basalt in the vicinity of Hohenfels. Each Sunday, the whole village would make a pilgrimage by the crosses, asking for an end to the Plague. In the 1960s, the crosses were put up by the municipality along the way to the grotto on the Mühlberg. Further destruction was brought in 1688 by the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg, or War of the Palatine Succession), in which castles, churches and monasteries were destroyed.

18th and 19th centuries

As a result of the French Revolution, the French came into the Eifel. Hohenfels was then owned by the Count of Metternich, who was stripped of his holdings in 1808. The Hohenfels mill, which also belonged to the Count, was sold for 1,200 francs (then equivalent to 380 Taler). Likewise, each one of the Count's landholdings was auctioned off one by one.


Hohenfels-Essingen

In November 1817, the Eifel was annexed to the state of Prussia and thenceforth belonged to the newly founded Rhine Province with its seat in Düsseldorf. In the 19th century, an average of 140 people lived in Hohenfels. The main livelihood was smallholdings. There were also family businesses in curbstone and millstone making, and in making roadbuilding materials. These products were shipped out over the Eifel by teams of horses and sold. Some of the millstones were shipped to Belgium and thence throughout the world. These family businesses ceased during the First World War.

In 1860, the Eifel's biggest lava deposit – the Feuerberg in Hohenfels – was leased by the municipality for lava mining. The lava was used for road and railway building.

20th century to present

Basalt quarry

After the First World War, in November 1918, American troops were in the village. Later on came French occupational troops as part of the Allied occupation of the Rhineland.

In the 1920s, basalt mining began beneath the Mühlenberg. In the area around Hohenfels, a firm from Mayen was making runner stones and shipping them worldwide. In 1928 above the cadastral area of “Wahlend”, a gravelworks was built, remaining in operation until 1974. For a time, more than 100 people were employed here.

In the course of administrative reform, the two self-administering municipalities of Hohenfels and Essingen were merged on 1 January 1968 into a single municipality.

Politics

Municipal council

The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

Coat of arms

The German blazon reads: In Silber ein schräglinkes, rotes Schwert, begleitet oben von einer blauen Urne, unten von einem grünen Mühlstein.

The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Argent a sword bendwise sinister gules, the point to chief, between an urn azure and a millstone vert.


Hohenfels-Essingen

The red sword stands for the execution place of the Electoral-Trier Amt of Daun between Hohenfels and Essingen on the old Roman road, marked on the map of the Amt of Daun in 1683 with a gallows symbol. The blue urn refers to the great Frankish burying ground with 125 graves and the important finds therefrom. The green millstone refers to the Hohenfels millstone quarry, already widely known in the Middle Ages, and further for the landscape in both constituent centres, which is characterized by volcanism, and where there is even today lava and basalt quarrying.

Culture and sightseeing

  * The grotto at the Mühlenberg
  * Millstone caves
  * Basalt deposits
  * Hiking trails

Buildings

Essingen

  * Saint Hubert’s Catholic Church (branch church; Filialkirche St. Hubertus), Bergstraße 10, biaxial aisleless church, 1886.
  * Bergstraße 1 – Quereinhaus (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), from 1783, old cobbles in yard.
  * Bergstraße 2 – house from 1816, commercial building, some old cobbles in yard, whole complex.
  * Wayside cross, southwest of the village on the road to Rockeskyll, cast-iron crucifix, about 1900.
  * Wayside cross, west of the village at a hairpin bend in the road, a basalt beam cross from 1749 (?).

Hohenfels

  * Catholic church, Gerolsteiner Straße 6, four-axis Gothic Revival aisleless church from 1894.
  * Before Am Mühlenberg 6 – wayside cross, basalt shaft cross from 1687.
  * Schulstraße, graveyard, warriors’ memorial 1914–1918, Crucifixion group, praying soldier, from 1922.
  * Wayside cross, north of the village at the Mühlenberg at the lower hairpin bend, basalt shaft cross from 1719.

Clubs


Hohenfels-Essingen

Clubs

  * Freizeit- und Sportverein Hohenfels-Essingen e.V. (sport and leisure)
  * Verschönerungsverein Hohenfels-Essingen 1895 e.V. (beautification)
  * Riding club
  * Möhnenclub (Carnival group)
  * Brief portrait of Hohenfels-Essingen with film at SWR Fernsehen (in German)
  * Tourist information
  * Hohenfels-Essingen’s millstone quarries (in German)


Detohama Station

Detohama Station (出戸浜駅, Detohama-eki) is a railway station in the city of Katagami, Akita, Japan, operated by JR East.

Lines

Detohama Station is served by the Oga Line, and is located 5.1 km from the terminus of the line at Oiwake Station and 18.1 kilometers from Akita.

Station layout

The station consists of one side platform serving a single electrified bi-directional track. The station is unattended.

History

Detohama Station began as Detokari Signall (出戸仮乗降場) on July 25, 1950 and was elevated to a full station on the Japan National Railway (JNR) on December 25, 1951. With the privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987, the station has been managed by JR East. A new station building was completed in February 2006.

Surrounding area

  * Detohama Beach

Media related to Detohama Station at Wikimedia Commons

  * JR East Station information (in Japanese)


Bill Knickerbocker

William Hart Knickerbocker (December 29, 1911 – September 8, 1963) was an American shortstop in Major League Baseball for the Cleveland Indians (1933–36), St. Louis Browns (1937), New York Yankees (1938–40), Chicago White Sox (1941) and Philadelphia Athletics (1942). Knickerbocker threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and weighed 170 pounds (77 kg).

Born in Los Angeles, Knickerbocker appeared in 46 games for the 1938 Yankees and only six games for the 1939 Bombers. Both clubs won the World Series, but Knickerbocker never appeared in a fall classic contest.

His best season was in 1934 when he finished 19th in voting for the American League MVP Award for playing in 146 games and having 593 at bats, 82 runs, 188 hits, 32 doubles, 5 triples, 4 home runs, 67 RBI, 6 stolen bases, 25 walks, a .317 batting average, .347 on-base percentage, .408 slugging percentage, 242 total bases and 12 sacrifice hits.

In 10 seasons he played in 907 games and had 3,418 at bats, 423 runs, 943 hits, 198 doubles, 27 triples, 28 home runs, 368 RBI, 25 stolen bases, 244 walks, a .276 batting average, .326 on-base percentage, .374 slugging percentage, 1,279 total bases and 82 sacrifice hits.

Knickerbocker spent his whole life in California, and after commencing his career, he established multiple abodes in Whittier. Later on, in 1956, he relocated with his wife, Willda Mary McHolland, to Sebastopol, situated in the wine country of Sonoma County, California.

He died in Sebastopol, California, at the age of 51.

  * Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference


Cape Valentine

Location of Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands

Map of Elephant Island

Cape Valentine is a cape on the northeast side of Gurkovska Cove forming the northeast extremity of Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The name was in use by American and British sealers as early as 1822 and is now well established.

[Public Domain] This article incorporates public domain material from "Cape Valentine". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

61°6′S 54°39′W / 61.100°S 54.650°W


Erfan al-Hiyali

Erfan al-Hiyali (Arabic: عرفان الحيالي) was the Defence minister of Iraq, serving in the Cabinet of Haider al-Abadi. The Iraqi parliament voted on al-Hiyali as defense minister on 30 January 2017.Najah al-Shammari on 24 June 2019.


Burtudizon

Burtudizon was a town of ancient Thrace, inhabited during Roman and Byzantine times.

Its site is located near Babaeski in European Turkey.

41°25′41″N 27°05′33″E / 41.427933°N 27.092423°E


Deudorix nicephora

Deudorix nicephora is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deudorix nicephora.
Wikispecies has information related to Deudorix nicephora.


Entheus eumelus

Entheus eumelus is a species of butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found from Central America to Suriname.


Ellie Pashley

Ellie Pashley (born 10 December 1988) is an Australian athlete.women's 10,000 metres event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships.

In June 2021, Pashley was selected as part of the Australian marathon team for the Tokyo Olympics.Peres Jepchirchir, of Kenya.

Early years

Even when very young, Pashley knew she would be an athlete. For her first 15 years, she was quite casual about it, but when she got into her twenties she took up athletics more seriously. Pashley rose into the Australian top-8 all-time in the 10,000 m, half marathon, and marathon events. In primary school, as the races got longer, Pashley performed better, but it wasn't until high school that she did more with cross country and Little Athletics.

Achievements

In 2015 Pashley prepared for a marathon under the coaching of Julian Spence. She was running 100 kilometres (62 mi) per week. In 2016, at the age of 27, she ran 2:46 in her first marathon in Melbourne. A year later Pashley ran the Berlin Marathon clocking 2:35.55.

In March 2018, she represented Australia at the World Half Marathon Championships and was placed 24th with a personal best of 71:43. In September of the same year, she ran a marathon at 2:31.52. Pashley then came third at Zatopek with a personal best of 32:17.81. (Zatopek is named after the Czech distance running great Emil Zatopek and was first held in 1961. It is one of the most prestigious track races on Australian soil).

In 2019, she ran a 2:26.21 marathon in Nagoya, making her eighth Australia all-time and therefore qualifying for the Olympics. In May 2019 she ran 31:43.51 for the 10000 m securing a 2019 World Championships qualifier. At the world championships in Doha in October, she was placed 13th – the second-highest ever by an Australian. Her time of 31:18.89 moved her to number four in Australian history.

  * Ellie Pashley at World Athletics
  * Ellie Pashley at Australian Athletics Historical Results
  * Ellie Pashley at Olympedia


Leo F. Rayfiel

Leo Frederick Rayfiel (March 22, 1888 – November 18, 1978) was a United States representative from New York and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.

Education and career

Born in New York City, New York, Rayfiel received a Bachelor of Laws from New York University School of Law in 1908. He read law in 1918. He was in private practice of law in Brooklyn, New York from 1918 to 1945. He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1939 to 1944. He was a United States representative from New York from 1945 to 1947.

Congressional service

Rayfiel was elected as a Democrat to the 79th United States Congress, reelected to the 80th United States Congress and served from January 3, 1945, until his resignation on September 13, 1947, to accept a federal judgeship.

Federal judicial service

Rayfiel was nominated by President Harry S. Truman on June 30, 1947, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York vacated by Judge Grover M. Moscowitz. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 23, 1947, and received his commission on July 30, 1947. He assumed senior status on March 4, 1966. His service was terminated on November 18, 1978, due to his death in Wayne, New Jersey.Wellwood Cemetery in West Babylon, New York.

Family

Screenwriter David Rayfiel (1923–2011) was his son.

  * List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
  * List of Jewish American jurists
  *
  * United States Congress. "Leo F. Rayfiel (id: R000083)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  * Leo F. Rayfiel at Find a Grave


Hohenfels, Bavaria

Hohenfels (literally High Cliffs) is a municipality in the district of Neumarkt in the region of Upper Palatinate (German: Oberpfalz) in Bavaria, Germany. The town is host to the United States Army Garrison Hohenfels, which operates the Joint Multinational Readiness Center for training of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) armed forces.

Military

The German Army founded a training area in Hohenfels in 1938.

During World War II there was a POW camp there, Stalag 383Stanley Eric Reinhart's 65th Infantry Division captured Hohenfels. Major General Gustav Geiger, staff and guards surrendered. The POW camp with numerous British inmates was liberated.

Later, between 1945-1949 the site became a displaced persons camp.

United States Garrison Hohenfels

In 1951, Hohenfels became a training area for the United States military and was used primarily by United States forces until 1956. In 1955, the German Bundeswehr was founded, and in 1956 the first German unit was stationed in Camp Poellnricht (i.e. Lager Pöllnricht). From 1956 to 1988, the Hohenfels Training Area was used by NATO forces consisting primarily of American, German, Canadian, and occasionally British and French forces.

Combat Maneuver Training Center

In 1988, Hohenfels became the home of the Combat Maneuver Training Center (CMTC), the mission of which was to provide realistic combined arms training for the United States Army, Europe, and Seventh Army's maneuver battalion task forces in force-on-force exercises.

Exercises revolved around the fictional nation of Danubia and its three provinces of friendly Sowenia, hostile Vilslakia, and neutral Jursland. The opposing force was the fictional army of Danubia. The 1st Battalion, 4th Infantry Regiment represented the "4th Guards Motorized Rifle Regiment". M113A2s were used to replicate Soviet BMP-2 IFVs and M60A3 tanks were used to replicate Soviet T-80 tanks.

Joint Multinational Readiness Center


Hohenfels, Bavaria

Joint Multinational Readiness Center

In December 2005 the CMTC was transformed and officially renamed the Joint Multinational Readiness Center (JMRC), part of the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMTC), which oversees training of all of United States Army Europe (USAREUR).

  * Grafenwöhr
  * U.S. Army Garrison Bavaria—the consolidated official site for the U.S. Army in Bavaria


Detour (disambiguation)

Look up detour in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A detour is a temporary routing to avoid an obstruction.

It may also refer to:

Places

United States

  * Grand Detour Township, Ogle County, Illinois
      + Grand Detour, Illinois, a village in the township
  * Detour, Maryland, an unincorporated village in Carroll County
  * Detour Township, Michigan
      + De Tour Village, Michigan, a village in the township

Elsewhere

  * Detour River, a tributary of the Turgeon River, in Quebec, Canada

Literature

  * Detour (Goldsmith novel), a 1939 novel by Martin Goldsmith
  * Detour (Brodsky novel), a 1977 novel by Michael Brodsky
  * The Detour (novel), a 2010 novel by Gerbrand Bakker

Film and television

  * Detour (1945 film), an American film noir
  * Detour (1967 film), a Bulgarian drama
  * Detour (2009 Canadian film), a Canadian thriller directed by Sylvain Guy
  * Detour (2009 Norwegian film), a Norwegian horror directed by Severin Eskeland
  * Detour (2013 film), a film directed by William Dickerson
  * Detour (2016 film), a thriller directed by Christopher Smith
  * Detour (2021 film), a Nigerian crime drama
  * Détour, a 2017 short film directed by Michel Gondry
  * Detours (film), a 2016 road-trip comedy
  * Teletoon Detour, an adult-oriented cartoon block on the Canadian television channel Teletoon
  * "Detour" (The X-Files), a fifth-season episode of The X-Files
  * "Detour" (Frasier episode), an eleventh-season episode of Frasier
  * "Detour" (NCIS), a tenth-season episode of NCIS
  * Detour (Transformers), a member of the Micromasters
  * The Detour (TV series), an American comedy television series

Music


Detour (disambiguation)

Music

  * LA Weekly Detour Music Festival, often referred to as just Detour, a music festival held annually in downtown Los Angeles, California
  * Detour (Christine Allen album), 1980
  * Detour (Cyndi Lauper album), 2016
  * Detours (Saga album), 1997
  * Detours (Sheryl Crow album), 2008
      + "Detours" (song), a 2008 single from Sheryl Crow's album of the same name
  * "Detour" (song), a 1951 song recorded by Patti Page
  * The Detours, a previous name of the Who
      + "Detour", a 2019 song from their album Who
  * "Detour", a 1962 song by Bo Diddley from the album Bo Diddley's a Twister

Other

  * Frolic and detour, a legal term for an employee acting without order from his employer and temporarily leaving the employer's premises
  * Microsoft Detours, an open source library for intercepting, monitoring and instrumenting binary functions on Microsoft Windows


Bill Kirby

For other people with the same name, see William Kirby (disambiguation).

William Ashley Kirby OAM (born 12 September 1975) is an Australian swimmer who was competitive on an international level in the nineties and early 2000s. He specialized in freestyle and butterfly and won a gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney as part of the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay team. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.

Swimming career

Kirby made his debut at the 1993 Pan Pacific Championships before competing at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, and the 1994 World Aquatics Championships in Rome as a butterfly swimmer. After missing selection for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, due to glandular fever, he contemplated quitting the sport.

Kirby found his way back into the national team at the 1997 FINA World Short Course Swimming Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. Although he missed selection for the 1998 World Aquatics Championships in his home town, he bounced back to qualify for the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, where he won a silver medal in the 200m butterfly. At the 1999 Pan Pacific Championships in Sydney, he was a member of the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay team (along with Michael Klim, Ian Thorpe and Grant Hackett) that lowered the world record, at the time, to 7m 08.79s. Training at the Australian Institute of Sport, he earned an Olympic berth the following year, anchoring the Australian 4 × 200 m relay team of Thorpe, Klim and Todd Pearson to another world record of 7m 07.05s.

Kirby's final international competition was at the 2001 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan, where along with Klim, Hackett and Thorpe, he lowered the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay world record to 7m 04.66s. That record held firm for nearly six years until United States relay team clocked in at 7m 03.24s at the 2007 World Championships in Melbourne.

Kirby also collected a gold for swimming in the non-final heats of the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay and also swam in the finals of the 200m freestyle individual event. He retired after the championships to start a coaching career and business.

He now teaches swimming at Christ Church Grammar School, the school at which he was educated.


Bill Kirby

* List of Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming (men)
  * List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
  * World record progression 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay
  * ABC profile
  * Bill Kirby retires


Cape Uivak

Cape Uivak is a cape located in the northern part of Labrador in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.


Erfjord Bridge

Erfjord Bridge (Norwegian: Erfjord bru) is a suspension bridge in the municipality of Suldal in Rogaland county, Norway. The bridge was completed in November 1963 and it crosses the Erfjorden as part of the Norwegian National Road 13, a main road between the cities of Bergen and Stavanger in Western Norway.

The concrete and steel bridge has a total length of 294 metres (965 ft) which is made up of three spans, the longest span measuring 228 metres (748 ft). The sailing clearance below the bridge is 23 metres (75 ft).


Burtsevo, Gryazovetsky District, Vologda Oblast

Burtsevo (Russian: Бурцево) is a rural locality (a village) in Pertsevskoye Rural Settlement, Gryazovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2002.

Geography

Burtsevo is located 4 km northeast of Gryazovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Gryazovets is the nearest rural locality.


Kaindy, Akmola Region

Kaindy (Kazakh: Қайынды), formerly known as Trofimovka (until 2018), is a village (selo) in Zerendi District, Akmola Region, in northern part of Kazakhstan. The KATO code is 115652700.

Demographics

Population

Population: 41 (1999 Census results).


Formality

Look up formality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
For other uses, see Formality (disambiguation).

A formality is an established procedure or set of specific behaviors and utterances, conceptually similar to a ritual although typically secular and less involved. A formality may be as simple as a handshake upon making new acquaintances in Western culture to the carefully defined procedure of bows, handshakes, formal greetings, and business card exchanges that may mark two businessmen being introduced in Japan. In legal and diplomatic circles, formalities include such matters as greeting an arriving head of state with the appropriate national anthem.

Cultures and groups within cultures often have varying degrees of formality which can often prove a source of frustration or unintentional insult when people of different expectations or preferences interact. Those from relatively informal backgrounds may find formality to be empty and hypocritical, or unnecessarily demanding. Those from relatively formal backgrounds may find informal cultures hard to deal with, as their carefully refined and nuanced behaviors go completely unnoticed.

The difference between formality and politeness is often a point of confusion for those from relatively informal cultures. On the other hand, those who have been brought up in relatively formal circumstances often experience discomfort and even, over the long term, disenchantment, in less formal circumstances.

  * Morand, D. "The Role of Behavioral Formality and Informality in the Enactment of Bureaucratic and Innovative Organizations." Academy of Management Review, 20:831-872 (1995).


Ellie Morrison

Eleanor Smith Morrison (born September 5, 1948) was elected the 11th National Commissioner of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) in 2018. She is the first woman to serve in the role since the group was incorporated in 1910.Waco, Texas. As National Commissioner, she was one of the top three leaders with the BSA and has been a key advocate for women as Scouts BSA began admitting girls into their program.

Background

Morrison is the daughter of Goodhue Wilson Smith and Ida Lu Smith (née Spurgin).Southern Methodist University (SMU), where she was a member of the Pi Beta Phi sorority.

After graduating from SMU, Morrison worked as an elementary school teacher. She married noted pathologist Dr. Edwin B. Morrison.

Civic involvement

Boy Scouts of America

Morrison has worked at all levels of Scouting, first serving as a cub scout leader in her son's pack, and as an assistant scoutmaster in Waco Troop 308.

On the national level, she has chaired the New Unit Task Force, where she helped create the New Member Coordinator position. She also chaired the team that created the Commissioner Award of Excellence for Unit Service, and was a member of the committee that designed the Wood Badge for the 21st Century.

As the BSA's national commissioner, she was also a member of the executive board of its National Council.

Other organizations

Outside of her work in Scouting, Morrison serves on a number of local boards, including United Way of Waco-McLennan County, Baylor Research, Oakwood Cemetery, and McLennan County Community College Foundation,First United Methodist Church in Waco.Food for Families in the Waco area.

Awards

Morrison has been awarded with the Silver Beaver, Silver Antelope, and Silver Buffalo by the Boy Scouts of America.

  * "Commissioners". Boy Scouts of America
  * "About Us". Girl Troop 308. Waco, Texas.
  * "About Us". Boy Troop 308. Waco, Texas. June 20, 2017.


Estonian National Assembly

Estonian National Assembly (Estonian: Rahvuskogu) was a bicameral national assembly which was convened after the 1936 Estonian National Assembly referendum received popular support to draft a new constitution. The First Chamber had 80 members and was elected (although opposition parties were not allowed to stand), and the Second Chamber contained 40 representatives of corporate chambers. Elections for the First Chamber were held in December 1936 and the Estonian National Assembly sat between 18 February 1937 and 17 August 1937, approving a new constitution. The Riigikogu was substantially reformed and sat for its sixth session (VI Riigikogu) the following year.

Members

Main article: List of members of the Rahvuskogu


ByeFelicia

This article is about the Jordin Sparks mixtape. For the movie phrase and hashtag, see Bye, Felicia.

#ByeFelicia is the first mixtape by American R&B-pop singer Jordin Sparks. The mixtape was announced in early November 2014. #ByeFelicia is the first release of a body of work since her second album, Battlefield in 2009. The mixtape was released on November 25, 2014 as a precursor for Sparks' third album Right Here Right Now (2015), and featured snippets of new songs, including some that would feature in full on Right Here Right Now.

Background

Since 2010, Sparks was rumored to be working on her third studio album set to be released by RCA Records. After experiencing multiple delays in the release, as well as two label changes, Sparks announced on November 24 that she would be releasing a mixtape on November 25.Salaam Remi hosted a music showcase featuring Sparks. Sparks showcased three songs, two of which were performed live. Sparks announced this would be the first time she would play new music for people outside of the industry.

Following the showcase, Sparks announced that the first single off her upcoming effort, would be released in a two-week time frame. Sparks announcement to Lance Bass brought speculation that the single would be released on November 18, 2014.Drake addresses the singer's former relationship with fellow American singer Jason Derulo.

At the end of the last track "11:11 (Wish)", Sparks announces that her third studio album Right Here Right Now will be released in early 2015.

Singles

"It Ain't You" was officially released independently of the mixtape. A new version of the song debuted on Sparks' Vevo channel on December 2, 2014. This version differed from the mixtape version production as well as the inclusion of some vocal additions. The song became available digital download December 16, 2014.

Track listing


ByeFelicia

Track listing

No.            Title                              Writer(s)                           Producer(s)       Length
1.             "Work from Home"                   Jordin Sparks                         * Salaam Remi   4:58
                                                                                * LALeakers
                                                    * Sparks
                                                    * Dijon McFarlane
2.             "It Ain't You"                       * Mikely Adam                     DJ Mustard        3:23
                                                    * Tyrone William Griffin Jr.
                                                    * Salaam Remi
3.             "Gasoline"                         Sparks                                * Remi          1:15
                                                                                * LALeakers
4.             "Right Here, Right Now"            Sparks                                * Remi          2:17
                                                                                * LALeakers
                                                                                * Remi
5.             "How Bout Now (Remix)"               * Sparks                            * LALeakers     3:25
                                                    * Aubrey Graham                     * Boi-1da
                                                                                * Jordan Evans
6.             "They Don't Give"                  Sparks                                * Remi          2:00
                                                                                * LALeakers
7.             "Left, Right"                      Sparks                              Crada             1:17
                                                    * Jonas Jeberg
8.             "Double Tap" (featuring 2 Chainz)    * Tauheed Epps                    Jonas Jeberg      4:49
                                                    * Victoria Monet McCants
                                                    * Thomas "Tommy" Parker Lumpkins
9.             "11:11 (Wish)"                       * Sparks                          Remi              2:28
                                                    * Elijah Blake
Total length:  25:52


Detour (song)

"Detour (There's a Muddy Road Ahead)" is a Western swing ballad written by Paul Westmoreland in 1945.Jimmy Walker with Paul Westmoreland and His Pecos River Boys, issued around the beginning of November 1945.

Background

The title comes from the repetition of detour in the chorus:

Detour, there's a muddy road ahead.
Detour, paid no mind to what it said.
Detour, all these bitter things I find.
Should have read that detour sign.

Written in the first person, the song tells of the singer's regrets for the choices made in life.

Headed down life's crooked road
Lots of things I never knowed,
And because of me not knowin', I now pine.
Trouble got in the trail,
Spent the next five years in jail,
Should have read that detour sign.
(chorus)

1946 recordings

  * Spade Cooley (Columbia 36935), with Tex Williams on vocals, had a big hit with it in 1946, spending 11 weeks on the country charts, reaching number two.
  * Other artist scoring big with the song in 1946 included Wesley Tuttle, number three Elton Britt, number five, and Foy Willing, number six.

Other versions

  * A well-known version of the song was the popular recording by Patti Page in 1951. It was released by Mercury Records as catalog number 5682, and first entered the Billboard chart on August 4, 1951, staying for 16 weeks and peaking at number five.
  * Bill Haley & His Comets for the album Haley's Juke Box (1960; not released as a single)
  * Dean Martin on his 1965 album Houston
  * Instrumental version was recorded by Duane Eddy, on his album Have 'Twangy' Guitar Will Travel (1958).
  * In 2016, American singer Cyndi Lauper recorded "Detour" with Emmylou Harris for her album Detour.

Popular culture

  * In its various versions, it is the Theme music of the Radio program, "Detour, The Folk, Roots, and World Music Show".


Australian dividend imputation system

The Australian dividend imputation system is a corporate tax system in which some or all of the tax paid by a company may be attributed, or imputed, to the shareholders by way of a tax credit to reduce the income tax payable on a distribution. In comparison to the classical system, dividend imputation reduces or eliminates the tax disadvantages of distributing dividends to shareholders by only requiring them to pay the difference between the corporate rate and their marginal rate. If the individual’s average tax rate is lower than the corporate rate, the individual receives a tax refund.

The objective of the dividend imputation system is to eliminate double taxation of company profits, once at the corporate level and again on distribution as dividend to shareholders. Under the previous system, the company and shareholders had an incentive for the taxed income of the company to be retained by the company, or for the business activity not to be undertaken using a corporate structure.

History

Main article: Australian corporate tax rate

Before 1987, an Australian company would pay company tax on its profits at a flat rate of 49%; and if it then paid a dividend, the shareholder was subject to income tax on that dividend. The company and shareholders had an incentive for the taxed income of the company to be retained by the company. Paying a dividend gave raise to double taxation, once by the company at the corporate rate and then on dividend income in the hands of the company's shareholders.

Dividend imputation was introduced in Australia in 1987 by the Hawke–Keating Labor Government to create a "level playing field" and stopping the double taxation. The company tax rate was reduced to 39% in 1988 and 33% in 1993, and increased again in 1995 to 36%, to be reduced to 34% in 2000 and 30% in 2001,

Eligibility rules (below) were introduced by the Howard–Costello Liberal Government in 1997, with a $2,000 small shareholder exemption. The small shareholder exemption was raised to the present $5,000 in 1999. Since 1 July 2000, franking credits have been fully refundable, not just reducing tax liability to zero, and the "holding period rule" has applied. In 2002, preferential dividend streaming was banned. In 2003, New Zealand companies could elect to join the system for Australian tax they paid.


Australian dividend imputation system

In 2015/16, designated "small business entities" with an aggregated annual turnover threshold of less than $2 million became eligible for a lower tax rate of 28.5%. Since 1 July 2016, the tax rate for business entities with aggregated annual turnover of less than $10 million has been 27.5%. From 2017/18, corporate entities eligible for the lower tax rate have been known as "base rate entities" and the turnover threshold has remained at $10 million, though the base rate entity threshold (the aggregated annual turnover threshold under which entities will be eligible to pay a lower tax rate) has continued to rise.

Operation

A company would report and pay tax at the company tax rate in the normal manner. The company would keep track of the company tax it has paid in a franking account. If and when the company distributes money to shareholders in the form of dividends, it would indicate to shareholders the amount of franking credits it has applied to the dividend, and deduct the amount from its franking account. The franking amount cannot be greater than the company’s tax rate. When the shareholders lodge their tax returns, they include the dividend and the franking amount in their taxable income, but the shareholders are also entitled to claim a tax credit for this franking amount. The shareholders would then pay tax calculated on the basis of their marginal tax rate, which may be higher or lower than the company tax rate.

Companies which have paid Australian company tax can declare how much of the tax paid, recorded as franking credit, is to be attached to a dividend. Dividends paid with the maximum franking credit allowable are called fully franked dividends, and Australian-resident shareholders who receive them would declare both the dividends and the associated franking credits on their tax returns in addition to all other ordinary income. They are also entitled to claim back a credit for the value of the franking credit. A company may distribute dividends though it has no franking credits (perhaps because it has been making tax losses), which are called an unfranked dividends. It may also pay a franked portion and an unfranked portion, known as partly franked. An unfranked dividend (or the unfranked portion) is ordinary income in the hands of the shareholder.


Australian dividend imputation system

For example, if a company makes a profit of $100 and pays company tax of $30 (at 2006 rates), it records the $30 in the franking account. The company now has $70 of retained profit to pay a dividend, either in the same year or later years. When it does so, it may attach a franking credit from its franking account, in proportion to the tax rate. If a $70 dividend is paid to which $30 of franking credits are attached, the franking account is reduced by $30.

An eligible shareholder receiving a franked dividend declares as income the cash received, plus the franking credit. The franking credit is then credited against the tax payable on their income. The effect is as if the tax office reversed the company tax by giving back the $30 to the shareholder and had them treat the original $100 of profit as income, in the shareholder's hands, like the company was merely a conduit.

Thus company profits distributed to eligible shareholders are taxed in their entirety at the shareholder's rate. Profits retained by the company or distributed to ineligible shareholders remain taxed at the corporate rate.

Non-resident shareholders are not entitled to claim a tax credit or refund of imputation credits, nor are they required to gross-up their taxable income. Unfranked dividends received by non-residents are subject to a withholding tax, which does not apply to franked dividends.

The actual law is complex, the core is in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 and other elements are in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.

Initially, in 1987, excess franking credits over the tax liability were lost, but since 2000, such excess credits have been refundable.

Franking credits

Companies decide what proportion of the dividends they pay will have franking credits attached. This can range from the dividend being fully franked to it being entirely unfranked. A franking credit is a nominal unit of tax paid by companies using dividend imputation.


Australian dividend imputation system

Shareholders who are residents of Australia for tax purposes include in their assessable income the grossed-up dividend amount (being the total of the dividend payable plus the associated franking credits). The income tax payable by the shareholders is calculated, and the franking credits are applied to offset the tax payable. In Australia and New Zealand the end result is the elimination of double taxation of company profits.

Franking credit formula

For a company that pays tax on all its income in Australia, the franking proportion is usually 100% (or 1). However, some companies (particularly those paying tax outside of Australia) have a lower franking proportion.

Fully franked dividend

Franking Credits = (Dividend Amount / (1 − Company Tax Rate)) − Dividend Amount

Example - a company pays a 30% company tax rate and distributes a $7.00 dividend to shareholders:

Franking Credits = ($7.00 / (1 − 0.3)) − $7.00

= ($7.00 / (0.7)) − $7.00

= $10.00 − $7.00

= $3.00

Franking Credits = $3.00

The shareholder is credited $3.00.

Partially franked dividend

Franking Credits from Partial Franking = ((Dividend Amount / (1 − Company Tax Rate)) − Dividend Amount) × Franking Proportion

Example - a company pays a 30% company tax rate but is only eligible for 50% franking and distributed a $7.00 dividend to shareholders:

Franking Credits from Partial Franking = (($7.00 / (1 − 0.3)) − $7.00) × 0.5

= (($7.00 / (0.7)) − $7.00) × 0.5

= ($10.00 − $7.00) × 0.5

= $3.00 × 0.5

= $1.50

Franking Credits from Partial Franking = $1.50


Australian dividend imputation system

Franking Credits from Partial Franking = $1.50

The shareholder is credited $1.50.

Refund

Franking credits on dividends received after 1 July 2000 are refundable tax credits. It is a form of tax prepayment, which can reduce a taxpayer's total tax liability, with any excess being refunded. For example, an individual with income below the tax-free threshold ($18,200 since 2011/12) will pay no tax at all and can get a refund of the franking credits in full, after a tax return is lodged.

Prior to 1 July 2000 such excess franking credits were lost. For example, an individual at the time with an income below the tax free threshold would lose the value of the tax prepaid, and would merely keep the cash portion of the dividend received.

Investors

A franking credit is income of the shareholder, though it is not received in cash. It is a credit towards tax that may be payable by the shareholder. Thus a franked dividend of $0.70 plus a $0.30 franking credit is equivalent to an unfranked dividend of $1.00, or to bank interest of $1.00, or any other ordinary income of that amount. (It is exactly equivalent because franking credits are fully refundable, as described above.)

Franked dividends are often described as a "tax effective" form of income. The basis for this is that the cash $0.70 looks like it is taxed at a lower rate than other income. For example, for an individual on the top rate of 48.5% (for 2006) the calculation is $0.70 plus $0.30 credit is $1.00 on which $0.485 tax is payable, but less the $0.30 credit makes $0.185 net tax, which is just 26.4% of the original $0.70. Conversely, an individual on the 20% marginal tax rate actually gets a $0.10 rebate. In this latter case, the rebate looks very much like negative tax.


Australian dividend imputation system

There's nothing inherently wrong with the latter way of thinking about franked dividends, and it is frequently made to demonstrate how franking benefits the investor, but it can be argued a grossing-up like the former is better when comparing yields across different investment opportunities.

Restrictions on eligibility

There are restrictions on who can claim franking credits. Those who cannot claim the credit simply declare as income the cash part of the dividend amount received, and ignore the franking credit on the tax return. The "holding period rule" has applied since 1 July 2000. Its objective is to prevent traders buying shares on the last cum-dividend date and selling them the following day ex-dividend. The typical result would be that the trader would receive the dividend, together with the franking credits, while incurring an equivalent capital loss and qualifying for the franking credit with only overnight risk in holding the shares.

An eligible shareholder is one who either:

  * holds the shares for a continuous period of 45 days or more (not counting purchase and sale days); or 90 days in the case of certain preference shares. This is the "holding period rule". Shares must be "at risk" for the necessary period, i.e. not with an offsetting derivatives position for instance, or
  * has total franking credits for the tax year of less than $5000 (the "small shareholder exemption") and has not arranged to pass-on the benefits to someone else (the "related payments rule").

Thus franking credits are not available to short-term traders, only to longer term holders, but with small holders exempted provided it's for their own benefit.

The small shareholder exemption is not a "first $5000", but rather once the $5000 threshold is passed the rule is inoperative and all the shares are under the holding period rule.

For the holding period rule, parcels of shares bought and sold at different times are reckoned on a "first in, last out" basis. Each sale is taken to be of the most recently purchased shares. This prevents a taxpayer buying just before a dividend, selling just after, and asserting it was older shares sold (to try to fulfill the holding period).


Australian dividend imputation system

This "first in, last out" reckoning may be contrasted with capital gains tax. For capital gains the shareholder can nominate what parcel was sold from among those bought at different times.

Company shareholders

A dividend received by a company shareholder is income of the receiving company, but the dividend income is not grossed-up for the franking credit nor is the receiving company entitled to claim the franking credit as a tax credit. Instead, the franking credit is added directly to the receiving company's franking account, and can be paid out in the same way as franking credits generated by the receiving company.

This transfer of credits has made the previous "intercorporate rebates" allowances redundant. Those rebates had avoided double taxation on dividends paid from one company to another company. Those rebates were part of the original 1936 Taxation Act (section 46), meaning that the principle of eliminating double taxation has been present to some degree in Australian income tax law for a very long time.

The company tax rate has changed a few times since the introduction of dividend imputation. In each case transitional rules have been made to maintain the principle of reversing the original tax paid, even if the tax rate has changed. This has been either by separate franking accounts for separate rates (e.g. class A 39%, class B 33%), or making an adjusting recalculation of the credits (e.g. into class C 30%).

Trans-Tasman Imputation

New Zealand companies can apply to join the Australian dividend imputation system (from 2003). Doing so allows them to attach Australian franking credits to their dividends, for Australian tax they have paid. Those credits can then be used by shareholders who are Australian taxpayers, the same as dividends from an Australian company.

There are certain anti-tax-avoidance rules to prevent New Zealand companies deliberately streaming Australian franking credits towards their Australian shareholders; credits must be distributed on a pro-rata basis.

Note that it is only Australian franking credits which can be used by an Australian taxpayer. New Zealand imputation credits on dividends paid to an Australian shareholder cannot be used against that shareholder's Australian taxes.

Dividend streaming


Australian dividend imputation system

Dividend streaming

A company can determine the level of franking credits it will attach to its dividends, and they are not obliged to attach any franking credits. However, it costs the company nothing to attach the maximum amounts of credits it has available, which is the usual practice to benefit eligible shareholders. It is actually possible for a company to attach more franking credits than it has, but doing so attracts certain tax penalties.

Until 2002 it was permissible for companies to direct the flow of franking credits preferentially to one type of shareholder over another so that each could benefit the most as fits their tax circumstances. For example, franking credits are of no use to foreign shareholders, who cannot offset them against withholding tax, but Australian shareholders can claim them as a tax credit. This practice, known as dividend streaming, became illegal in 2002, after which all dividends within a given time frame must be franked to a similar (but need not be identical) degree irrespective of shareholder location or which class of shares they hold.

Division 7A and debit loans by private companies

Division 7A of the Tax Act applies where there is a loan, payment or the forgiveness of a loan to a shareholder or an associate of a shareholder of a private company.

An 'associate' is very broad and generally includes a trust under which a shareholder can benefit.

Effective elimination of company tax and thus incentives

To a large extent, dividend imputation makes company tax irrelevant. This is because every dollar that a company pays in company tax could potentially be claimed by an eligible shareholder as franking credit, and the revenue flowing to the government would ultimately be received only at the shareholder's tax rate. However, profits retained for use by the company and income distributed as dividends to foreign investors remain taxed at the corporate tax rate.

One effect is that this has reduced the effectiveness of tax incentives for corporations. If a corporation was given a tax break and no tax was paid, then its income would not generate franking credits. In turn, this meant that the shareholders received fewer credits along with their dividends, and paid tax on the full value as ordinary income. It also reduces the benefit of corporate tax avoidance in the same way.


Australian dividend imputation system

The net result is that each tax break a corporation received was countered by a matching increase in the tax burden of shareholders, leaving shareholders in exactly the same position as had more tax been paid by the corporation. Thus, to the extent that corporate directors acted so as to increase shareholder wealth, tax incentives would not influence corporate behaviour.

When gross company tax is reported by Treasury, it is unclear whether the number generally includes the effect of the corresponding franking credits.

Politics and economics

Dividend imputation has been uncontroversial over most of its lifetime. Investors and their advisors recognise the benefits and are supportive.

In October 2006, the Committee for Economic Development of Australia released a report, Tax Cuts to Compete, concluding that dividend imputation had proved an inefficient means of reducing Australia's cost of capital. The report, authored by prominent economist Dr Nicholas Gruen, argued that the elimination of imputation would allow the funding of a substantial corporate tax cut. This would attract foreign investment and thus increase economic growth, it said.

During the 2019 Australian federal election, during which the Australian Labor Party proposed to reform dividend imputation or franking credits.

  * Corporate tax
  * Dividend stripping, on buying shares to access dividends
  * Dividend tax
  * fr:Avoir fiscal (in French)
  * Australian Taxation Office guide You and Your Shares 2005, product NAT 2632-6.2005
  * Australian Taxation Office fact sheet Trans-Tasman Imputation Overview


Hajji Balkhan

Hajji Balkhan (Persian: حاجي بلخان, also Romanized as Ḩājjī Balkhān, Ḩājjī Belkhān, and Haji Balkhan; also known as Bālā Khān Ḩājjī)Fajr Rural District, in the Central District of Gonbad-e Qabus County, Golestan Province, Iran. As of the 2006 census, its population was 1,552 in 329 families.


Erfan Shahriari

Erfan Shahriari (Persian: عرفان شهریاری; born May 19, 2002) is an Iranian football midfielder who currently plays for Paykan in the Persian Gulf Pro League.

Club career

Paykan

He made his debut for Paykan in 28th fixtures of 2020–21 Persian Gulf Pro League against Machine Sazi while he substituted in for Mohammad Amin Darvishi.


Bossoroca

Bossoroca is a municipality of the western part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The population is 6,205 (2020 est.) in an area of 1610.57 km².Guarani language, and may mean erosion. It is located 524 km west of the state capital of Porto Alegre, northeast of Alegrete.

Bounding municipalities

  * São Luiz Gonzaga
  * São Miguel das Missões
  * Capão do Cipó
  * Santiago
  * Itacurubi
  * Santo Antônio das Missões

History

The area was first inhabited by the Guarani tribes. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Jesuit missions were established in the area. The municipality of Bossoroca was created on March 4, 1967.

  * https://web.archive.org/web/20070930200958/http://www.citybrazil.com.br/rs/bossoroca/ (in Portuguese)


Kainad

Kainad is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Kainad has 1174 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 41.93%.

Demographics (2011 Census)
                                              Total  Male  Female
Population                                    5706   2775  2931
Children aged below 6 years                   1000   510   490
Scheduled caste                               4      3     1
Scheduled tribe                               5653   2743  2910
Literates                                     1973   1222  751
Workers (all)                                 2676   1459  1217
Main workers (total)                          2027   1189  838
Main workers: Cultivators                     341    188   153
Main workers: Agricultural labourers          922    511   411
Main workers: Household industry workers      46     5     41
Main workers: Other                           718    485   233
Marginal workers (total)                      649    270   379
Marginal workers: Cultivators                 81     28    53
Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers      406    155   251
Marginal workers: Household industry workers  2      0     2
Marginal workers: Others                      160    87    73
Non-workers                                   3030   1316  1714


Barbaro Stakes

The Barbaro stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race:

  * Barbaro Stakes at Pimlico Race Course (formerly the Sir Barton Stakes at Pimlico Race Course)
  * Barbaro Stakes at Delaware Park


Flypaper theory (economics)

The flypaper theory of tax incidence is a pejorative term used by economists to describe the assumption that the burden of a tax, like a fly on flypaper, sticks wherever it first lands. Economists point out several flaws with the assumption:

  * it ignores the elasticity of goods; and
  * it ignores the ability of producers to shift the cost of the tax onto consumers.

For example, consider a tax levied on a luxury item such as jewelry. Such a tax, while intended to target the wealthy, may not actually accomplish this objective, as the wealthy can simply choose to buy less jewelry. Instead of collecting more money from the wealthy, the tax has the effect of hurting jewelry merchants, who are not the intended targets of the tax.

As another example, suppose a tax is levied on the sellers of a product. The sellers may simply raise the price of the product, thus shifting the burden of the tax onto the buyers of the product.

This should not be confused with the flypaper effect, which holds that money from a federal authority to a state authority tends to increase overall expenditure rather than merely substitute for locally-raised revenue.

  * Effect of taxes and subsidies on price


Estonian National Symphony Orchestra

The Estonian National Symphony Orchestra (Estonian: Eesti Riiklik Sümfooniaorkester (ERSO)) (formerly known as the Symphony Orchestra of the Estonian Radio Committee, Estonian Radio Symphony Orchestra, and Estonian SSR State Symphony Orchestra) is a symphony orchestra based in Tallinn.

The orchestra originated from a trio led by Hugo SchützEstonia Theatre. In 1939, Olav Roots became the orchestra's music director. The orchestra continued to perform in Tallinn during World War II.

Paul KarpRoman Matsov who served as music director until 1963. By 1956 the Orchestra had 90 members. Despite Soviet repertoire policies, Matsov performed sacred works by Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederic Handel, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. He also conducted the Soviet premieres of works by Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, and Carl Orff. Tallinn was also typically one of the first cities to hear new symphonies by Dmitri Shostakovich, preceded only by the premieres in Moscow and Leningrad.

Olari Elts is the current music director. Neeme Järvi, the orchestra's longest-serving music director, is Honorary Artistic Director for Life; the Artistic Adviser is Paavo Järvi.

The orchestra has toured across Europe, East Asia, and North America. In 2018, when Estonia celebrated the 100th anniversary of its independence, the ENSO was deeply involved in the anniversary programme both in Estonia and internationally. Estonia's first oratorio, Jonah’s Mission by Rudolf Tobias, was performed at the Konzerthaus Berlin, conducted by Neeme Järvi. Performances were also given at the Sibelius Festival in Lahti and the Baltic Symphony Festival in Riga. Furthermore, the ENSO's musicians gave 100 concerts in one week all over Estonia.

In addition to their live performances, the orchestra has been the recipient of several prizes including a Grammy Award (conductor Paavo Järvi). The orchestra has recorded extensively for as Chandos, BIS, Onyx, Alba Records, Harmonia Mundi, and Melodiya. In 2018, Gramophone awarded Neeme Järvi its Lifetime Achievement Award, which resulted in the ENSO performing at the Gramophone Classical Music Awards Gala. In addition to local radio and television channels, the ENSO's concerts have been broadcast by Mezzo, medici.tv, and the EBU.


Estonian National Symphony Orchestra

The orchestra has premiered symphonic works by almost every major Estonian composer including Arvo Pärt, Erkki-Sven Tüür, Tõnu Kõrvits, and Eduard Tubin.

Principal conductors

  * Olav Roots (1939–1944)
  * Paul Karp (1944–1950)
  * Roman Matsov (1950–1963)
  * Neeme Järvi (1963–1979)
  * Peeter Lilje (1980–1990)
  * Leo Krämer (1991–1993)
  * Arvo Volmer (1993–2001)
  * Nikolai Alekseev (2001–2010)
  * Neeme Järvi (2010–2020)
  * Olari Elts (2020–)
  * History from the Orchestra's official website
  * Official website [Edit this at Wikidata]
  * Facebook page
  * Spotify
  * Estonian National Symphony Orchestra discography at MusicBrainz


Bye Aerospace

Bye Aerospace is an American aircraft manufacturer based in unincorporated Arapahoe County, Colorado. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of electric aircraft, including unmanned aircraft for geospatial role and light aircraft for the flight training role.CEO.

History

In July 2010, Bye Energy developed a proof-of-concept electrically powered Cessna 172 with support from Cessna Aircraft.Beyond Aviation at the time that the prototype commenced taxi tests in July 2011.

The company developed the Bye Aerospace Sun Flyer, a modified PC-Aero Elektra One, as a prototype electric aircraft in 2015.

The development of the Sun Flyer 2 was originally carried out by a Bye Aerospace subsidiary, called the Aero Electric Aircraft Corporation.

Bye Aerospace Sun Flyer 2 prototype

By July 2015, the company was developing the Sun Flyer 2, a two-seat electric-powered aircraft for the flight training role.Sun Flyer 4 is a four-seat design, yet to be completed.low-wing designs, with bubble canopies, made from composite materials, predominately carbon fibre. Both are powered by lithium-ion batteries.

The launch customer for both the Sun Flyer 2 and 4 is the Spartan College of Aeronautics and Technology which will employ both for flight training.

On July 31, 2018, Bye Aerospace flew a piloted prototype of its solar-powered unmanned StratoAirNet and manned Solesa from the Northern Colorado Regional Airport. Based on a carbon fiber composite competition sailplane, it has a 15 m (49.2 ft) wing span and thin-film photovoltaic cells from SolAero Technologies. The low-cost, long-endurance commercial and government surveillance aircraft could be used for patrol, mapping, precision agriculture or search-and-rescue and has low infrared and acoustic signatures.

Also under development, in conjunction with the XTI Aircraft Company, is the TriFan 600, a hybrid-electric VTOL business aircraft. Previously, the company developed the Silent Falcon UAV for Silent Falcon UAS Technologies.

In August 2019, the company announced that it was partnering with OXIS Energy to develop a Lithium–sulfur battery for use in the four-seat Sun Flyer 4.

On August 21, 2019, Bye announced the sale of 26 aircraft to Los Angeles-based air taxi operator Quantum Air.


Bye Aerospace

After the project was revealed as under development in June 2020,eFlyer 800 in April 2021, to be powered by Safran electric motors. This is planned to be an all-electric six- to nine-seat aircraft to compete with traditional fossil-fuel powered executive aircraft for the air taxi, air freight, regional airliner and aircraft charter roles. The eFlyer 800 aims to have operating costs of 20% of the Beechcraft King Air with a cruise speed of up to 320 kn (593 km/h), a 35,000 ft (10,668 m) operating ceiling and a range of 500 nmi (930 km) with 45-minute IFR reserves.

It was announced in May 2021 that Oxis Energy had been placed into administration, with the majority of its employees made redundant.

At AirVenture in July 2021 George Bye of Bye Aerospace stated that the eFlyer 2 will be certified in late 2022 or early 2023, the eFlyer 4 certified in late 2023 or early 2024 and the eFlyer 800 certified in late 2025 or early 2026.

Aircraft

Summary of aircraft built by Bye Aerospace:

  * Bye Aerospace Sun Flyer - single example of a prototype
  * Bye Aerospace eFlyer 2 - single example of an intended 2-seat training aircraft
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bye Aerospace.
  * Official website


Detonation nanodiamond

Individual DNDs before and after annealing at 520 °C

Electron micrograph of aggregated DNDs

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) structure

Hexogen (RDX) structure

Detonation nanodiamond (DND), also known as ultradispersed diamond (UDD), is diamond that originates from a detonation. When an oxygen-deficient explosive mixture of TNT/RDX is detonated in a closed chamber, diamond particles with a diameter of c. 5 nm are formed at the front of the detonation wave in the span of several microseconds.

Properties

The diamond yield after detonation crucially depends on the synthesis condition and especially on the heat capacity of the cooling medium in the detonation chamber (water, air, CO2, etc.). The higher the cooling capacity, the larger the diamond yield, which can reach 90%. After the synthesis, diamond is extracted from the soot using high-temperature high-pressure (autoclave) boiling in acid for a long period (ca. 1–2 days). The boiling removes most of the metal contamination, originating from the chamber materials, and non-diamond carbon.

Various measurements, including X-ray diffractionhigh-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nm. The grains are unstable with respect to aggregation and spontaneously form micrometre-sized clusters (see figure above). The adhesion is strong and contacts between a few nano-grains can hold a micrometre-sized cluster attached to a substrate.

Nanosized diamond has extremely large relative surface area. As a result, its surface spontaneously attaches water and hydrocarbon molecules from the ambient atmosphere.

The detonation nanodiamond grains mostly have diamond cubic lattice and are structurally imperfect. The major defects are multiple twins, as suggested by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Alternative synthesis methods

Diamond nanocrystals can also be synthesized from a suspension of graphite in organic liquid at atmospheric pressure and room temperature using ultrasonic cavitation. The yield is approximately 10%. The cost of nanodiamonds produced by this method are estimated to be competitive with the HPHT process.


Detonation nanodiamond

An alternative synthesis technique is irradiation of graphite by high-energy laser pulses. The structure and particle size of the obtained diamond is rather similar to that obtained in explosion. In particular, many particles exhibit multiple twinning.

A research group from Case Western Reserve University produced nanodiamonds 2–5 nm in size at near-ambient conditions by a microplasma process.

Applications

Commercial products based on nanodiamonds are available for the following applications:

 1. Lapping and polishing (e.g. Sufipol);
 2. Additives to engine oils (e.g. ADDO);
 3. Dry lubricants for metal industry (Drawing of W-, Mo-, V-, Rh-wires);
 4. Reinforcing fillers for plastic and rubber, to modify the mechanical and thermal properties;
 5. Thermal fillers for plastic and rubber, to create thermally conductive but electrically insulating materials for electronics ;
 6. Additives to electroplating electrolyte (e.g. DiamoSilb, DiamoChrom,

Use in medicine

Nanomaterials can shuttle chemotherapy drugs to cells without producing the negative effects of today's delivery agents. Clusters of the nanodiamonds surround the drugs ensuring that they remain separated from healthy cells, preventing unnecessary damage; upon reaching the intended targets, the drugs are released into the cancer cells. The leftover diamonds, hundreds of thousands of which could fit into the eye of a needle, do not induce inflammation in cells once they have done their job.

Ig Nobel 2012 Peace Prize

In 2012 the SKN Company was awarded the Ig Nobel Peace Prize for converting old Russian ammunition into nanodiamonds.


Detonation nanodiamond

* http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/sample.cgi/jpcbfk/asap/pdf/jp066387v.pdf
  * http://www.udayton.edu/News/Article/?contentId=2234
  * http://research.ncl.ac.uk/nanoscale/research/nanodiamond.html Nanodiamond research at Newcastle University
  * http://www.ioffe.rssi.ru/nanodiamond/ Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy
  * http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/10/19/nanodiamonds.drugs/index.html
  * http://www.carbodeon.com
  * http://www.plasmachem.de/overview-powders.html#diamond


Fritz Erler

For another person, see Fritz Erler (politician).

Fritz Erler self-portrait (1908)

Helft uns siegen – zeichnet die Kriegsanleihe! (Help us win – buy war bonds!) 1917. Collection the Imperial War Museum

conquered village, 1916

Fritz Erler (15 December 1868 – 11 December 1940) was a German painter, graphic designer and scenic designer. Although most talented as an interior designer,World War I.

Education and early career

1898 Portrait of Richard Strauss by Fritz Erler.

He was born in Frankenstein (Schlesien). Beginning in 1886 he studied under Albrecht Bräuer at the school of art in Breslau. He also attended the Académie Julian in Paris. In 1895 he moved to Munich and lived from 1918 in Holzhausen am Ammersee. His first designs date from 1893: vases, glass windows, book covers, later furniture, theatrical sets, and interior decorations. In 1896 he was a founding member of the magazine Jugend. He also painted several portraits around the start of the 20th century, most notably of Richard Strauss and Gerhart Hauptmann.

World War I and afterward

Along with Arthur Kampf Erler was one of the official military painters for the Oberste Heeresleitung. His paintings were commissioned as war propaganda.

The promotional poster for the sixth war bond (sechste Kriegsanleihe) was adorned with his painting Helft uns siegen! (1917), perhaps Erler's best-known work. It brought in at least 13.1 million marks more than any other campaign. Its power of moral exhortation has been compared to James Montgomery Flagg's iconic poster of Uncle Sam, while the idea ultimately derives from the influential Lord Kitchener Wants You poster of 1914.No Man's Land with eyes that shine as if from an inward light. This heroic image depicts the widespread contemporary belief that trench warfare would somehow be a morally cleansing experience.

During the National Socialist period Erler's portraits of Adolf Hitler, Franz von Epp, and Wilhelm Frick were very remunerative.

Erler died in Munich in 1940.

  * List of German painters


Fritz Erler

* List of German painters

Media related to Fritz Erler (painter) at Wikimedia Commons

  * Entry in the Getty List of Artist's Names
  * Posters by Erler in the collection of the Imperial War Museum


Hajji Beyk-e Olya

Hajji Beyk-e Olya (Persian: حاجي بيك عليا, also Romanized as Ḩājjī Beyk-e ‘Olyā and Ḩājjī Beyg-e ‘Olyā; also known as Ḩājjī Beyk-e Bālā, Ājī Beyk, and Hājī Bāi)Zavkuh Rural District, Pishkamar District, Kalaleh County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 807, in 146 families.


Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen, BWV 66

Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen (Rejoice, you hearts),BWV 66.2, BWV 66, church cantata for Easter by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it for the Second Day of Easter in Leipzig and first performed it on 10 April 1724. He based it on his congratulatory cantata Der Himmel dacht auf Anhalts Ruhm und Glück, BWV 66.1, first performed in Köthen on 10 December 1718.

The prescribed readings for the second of three Easter feast days included the narration of the Road to Emmaus. The cantata was Bach's first composition for Easter as Thomaskantor in Leipzig. He derived it from his earlier Serenata, which had a similar celebratory mood. An unknown librettist solved the problem that Bach's congratulatory cantata was a dialogue of tenor and alto by retaining a dialogue in three movements, assigned to Hope and Fear. They represent different attitudes to the news of the Resurrection of Jesus, which may be found in the two disciples, discussing the events on their walk, but also within the listener of the cantata.

Bach structured the cantata in six movements, an exuberant choral opening, a set of recitative and aria for bass, another such set for alto and tenor, and a closing chorale taken from the medieval Easter hymn "Christ ist erstanden". A Baroque instrumental ensemble included trumpet, two oboes, bassoon, strings and continuo. The music expresses moods of mourning and fear which should be overcome, but especially exhilarating joy.

History and words

In 1723, Bach was appointed as Thomaskantor (director of church music) in Leipzig. He was employed by the town of Leipzig to this position, which made him responsible for the music at four churches and for the training and education of boys singing in the Thomanerchor. Cantata music had to be provided for two major churches, Thomaskirche (St. Thomas) and Nikolaikirche (St. Nicholas), simpler church music for two others, Neue Kirche (New Church) and Peterskirche (St. Peter). Bach took office in the middle of the liturgical year, on the first Sunday after Trinity. In his first twelve months in office, Bach decided to compose new works for almost all liturgical events. These works became known as his first cantata cycle.


Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen, BWV 66

Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen for the Second Day of Easter ("den zweiten Osterfesttag") is Bach's first composition for Easter in Leipzig, written in his first year in office. The day before, on Easter Sunday of 1724, he had performed Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4, which he had composed much earlier in his career.Der Himmel dacht auf Anhalts Ruhm und Glück composed in Köthen.Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß, BWV 134, which he derived in a similar way from Die Zeit, die Tag und Jahre macht, BWV 134a, a cantata to celebrate the New Year's Day of 1719 in Köthen.

Christ with Two Disciples, by Rembrandt

The prescribed readings for the feast day were from the Acts of the Apostles, the sermon of Peter (Acts 10:34–43), and from the Gospel of Luke, the Road to Emmaus (Luke 24:13–35). An unknown librettist faced the problem that Bach's congratulatory cantata was written as a dialogue of tenor and alto. He kept the dialogue in three movements, in the middle section of the opening chorus and two duets, assigning the "roles" Hope ("Zuversicht", later "Hoffnung") and Fear ("Schwachheit", later "Furcht") to the voices. The text reflects these different reactions to the news of the Resurrection of Jesus, which might be attributed both, to the two disciples, discussing the events on their walk, and to the listener of the cantata.

Bach first performed the cantata at the Thomaskirche on 10 April 1724.

Music

Structure and scoring