Abdullah Gaith

Abdullah Gaith (28 January 1930 – 12 March 1993) was an actor from Egypt.Hamdi Gaith, who died in 2006.

Abdullah Gaith was born in a village called Kafr Al-Shalshalmoon in the province of Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. He studied theatre at the High Institute of Theatrical Arts.

Among his theatrical works are: Al-Husain as a Rebel (Al-Husain Tha'eran- in Arabic), Mahran the Youth (Al Fata Mahran), and The Visit of the Aging Woman (Ziarat Al-Sayyidah Al-Ajuz).

Among his numerous works in TV : Sukun Al-Asifah (The Calm of the Storm) (1978), Ibn Taimeyyah (1984), Musa ibn Nusayr (the great Arab Muslim ruler of Africa who managed the conquest of Spain), Abu Zaid Al-Hilali (1979), Antarah (1979), Al-Sindibad (1985), and Al-Kitabah Ala Lahmin Yahtariq (Writing on Burning Flesh) (1986).

Ghaith's most famous work in cinema is Mohammad, Messenger of God (U.S. title: The Message) (1976) which narrates the story of the rise of Islam.

Later life and death

Abdullah Gaith died on 12 March 1993 of cancer.

Filmography

Year  Title                                                Role                        Notes
1964  Adham al-Sharqawi
1965  Al Haram (The Sin)
      Al-Simmal Wal Kharif (The Autumn's Quail)                                        Based on the novel by Naguib Mahfouz
1976  Mohammad, Messenger of God                           Hamza ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib
1988  Milaff Samiah Sha,rawi (The File of Samiah Sharawi)  Abdel Hakim Amer

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Abdullah Gaith.


2008–09 Biathlon IBU Cup

The 2008–09 Biathlon IBU Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the International Biathlon Union. The season started on 29 November 2008 in Idre, Sweden, and ended on 14 March 2009 in Ridnaun-Val Ridanna, Italy.

Calendar

Below is the World Cup calendar for the 2008–09 season.

Stage  Location                      Date                 Individual  Sprint  Pursuit  Relay  Details
1      [Sweden] Idre                 29–30 November                   ● ●                     Stage 1
2      [Austria] Obertilliach        13–14 December       ●           ●                       Stage 2
3      [Italy] Martell-Val Martello  19–20 December                   ●       ●               Stage 3
4      [Germany] Altenberg           10–11 January        ●           ●                       Stage 4
5      [Czech Republic] Nove Mesto   16–17 January                    ●       ●               Stage 5
6      [Slovakia] Brezno-Osrblie     7–8 February         ●           ●                       Stage 6
7      [Bulgaria] Bansko             12–14 February                   ●       ●               Stage 7
EC     [Russia] Ufa                  28 February–4 March  ●           ●       ●        ●      European Championships
8      [Italy] Ridnaun-Val Ridanna   11–14 March          ●           ●       ●               Stage 8
Total  5                             9                    5           1

Standings (men)

Overall                                  Individual                               Sprint

Rank  Name                       Points  Rank  Name                       Points  Rank  Name                       Points
 1    Christoph Knie (GER)          457   1    Norbert Schiller (GER)        145   1    Hans Martin Gjedrem (NOR)     268
 2    Hans Martin Gjedrem (NOR)     436   2    Hans Martin Gjedrem (NOR)     108   2    Christoph Knie (GER)          245
 3    Carsten Pump (GER)            384   2    Frode Andresen (NOR)          108   3    Rune Brattsveen (NOR)         233

Pursuit                              Relay

Rank  Name                   Points  Rank  Name     Points
 1    Alexander Nuss (AUT)      101   1    Norway       60
 2    Robert Wick (GER)          95   2    Germany      54
 3    Andrei Prokunin (RUS)      94   3    Russia       48


3rd Cavalry Division (Russian Empire)

The 3rd Cavalry Division (Russian: 3-я кавалерийская дивизия, 3-ya Kavaleriiskaya Diviziya) was a cavalry formation of the Russian Imperial Army.

Organization

  * 1st Cavalry Brigade
      + 3rd Dragoon Regiment
      + 3rd Uhlan Regiment
  * 2nd Cavalry Brigade
      + 3rd Hussar Regiment
      + 3rd Cossack Regiment
  * 3rd Horse Artillery Battalion

Commanders

  * 1908–1912: Sergei Scheidemann


3rd Canadian Comedy Awards

The 3rd Canadian Comedy Awards, presented by the Canadian Comedy Foundation for Excellence (CCFE), honoured the best live, television, and film comedy of 2001 and was held on 4 April 2002 at The Docks in Toronto, Ontario. The ceremony was hosted by Brent Butt. This was the first year that the ceremony was not televised, and the first year that no special awards were given.

Canadian Comedy Awards, also known as Beavers, were awarded in 19 categories. Winners were picked by members of ACTRA (Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists), the Writers Guild of Canada, the Directors Guild of Canada, and the Comedy Association.

The TV series Made in Canada led with eight nominations followed by the film Last Wedding with five. Made in Canada won four Beavers, two of which went to director Henry Sarwer-Foner. Also winning two Beavers were Janet van de Graaf for best female improviser and best female TV performance in History Bites, Bob Martin for best male improviser and best writing for an episode of Made in Canada, and Rick Mercer for best male TV performance in Made in Canada and writing for This Hour has 22 Minutes.

Ceremony

The 3rd Canadian Comedy Awards ceremony was held on 4 April 2002 at The Docks in Toronto, Ontario. It was hosted by Brent Butt,

While giving his acceptance speech for best comedic play, the base of Doug Morency's Beaver fell off. He quickly remarked, "Obviously, they're not made in Canada".

Winners and nominees

Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface:

Live


3rd Canadian Comedy Awards

Live

Best Male Stand-up                         Best Female Stand-up                     Best Stand-up Newcomer
  * [Blue ribbon] Shaun Majumder             * [Blue ribbon] Kristeen von Hagen       * [Blue ribbon] Debra DiGiovanni
  * Derek Edwards                            * Heidi Foss                             * Casey Corbin
  * Jason Rouse                              * Kate Davis                             * Dave Hemstad
  * John Wing Jr.                            * Martha Chaves                          * Dylan Mandelson
  * Mike Wilmot                              * Nikki Payne                            * Manolis Zontanos
  * Peter Kelamis                            * Shannon Laverty
Best Male Improviser                       Best Female Improviser
  * [Blue ribbon] Bob Martin                 * [Blue ribbon] Janet van de Graaf
  * Adrian Truss                             * Diana Frances
  * David C. Jones                           * Jane Luk
  * Doug Morency                             * Lisa Merchant
  * Roman Danylo                             * Rebecca Northan
Best Sketch Troupe or Company              Best Improv Troupe or Company
  * [Blue ribbon] The Gentlemen Callers      * [Blue ribbon] Slap Happy
  * Birdy Num Num                            * Cast of Die-Nasty
  * Glyph                                    * On the Spot
  * Reid Along with Browning                 * Rock-Paper-Scissors
  * The Cowards                              * Sin City: The Improvised Soap Opera
Best One Person Show                       Best New Play
  * [Blue ribbon] Erotic Laser Swordfight    * [Blue ribbon] Family Circus Maximus
  * Fully Committed                          * A Twisted Cyrano D'Bergerac
  * My Big Fat Greek Wedding                 * Critic
  * Things Under the Bed                     * Sideshow of the Damned
  * Welcome to My Nightmary: Mary Crosbie    * Spandex!

Television


3rd Canadian Comedy Awards

Television

Best Performance by a Male                                                                                Best Performance by a Female
  * [Blue ribbon] Rick Mercer – Made in Canada                                                                                * [Blue ribbon] Janet van de Graaf – History Bites
  * Rick Wharton – Conspiracy Guy                                                                                * Anne Tager Page – After Hours
  * Peter Keleghan – Made in Canada                                                                                * Jackie Torrens – Made in Canada
  * Vik Sahay – Our Hero                                                                                * Leah Pinsent – Made in Canada
  * Martin Short – Primetime Glick                                                                                * Jeanie Calleja – Our Hero
Best Direction in a Series                                                                                Best Direction in a Special or episode
  * [Blue ribbon] Michael Kennedy, T. W. Peacocke, Stephen Reynolds, Henry Sarwer-Foner and Jerry Ciccoritti – Made in Canada                                                                                * [Blue ribbon] Henry Sarwer-Foner – Made in Canada – "Damacles What a Doll"
  * Michael Kennedy – Blackfly                                                                                * Allan Manson – Comedy Now! – "Jason Rouse"
  * Bob Sorger – Gutterball Alley                                                                                * John Karolidis – Ham I Am
  * Rick Green – History Bites                                                                                * Greg Lawrence – The Endless Grind
  * Greg Lawrence – The Endless Grind
Best Writing in a Series                                                                                Best Writing in a Special or episode
  * [Blue ribbon] Cathy Jones, Rick Mercer, Greg Thomey, Mary Walsh, Luciano Casimiri, Mark Farrell, Paul Mather, Peter McBain, Christian Murray, George Westerholm and Kevin White – This Hour Has 22 Minutes    * [Blue ribbon] Bob Martin – Made in Canada – "Alan's Ex"
  * Kenny Robinson, Joe Bodolai, Trey Anthony, Marina Gail, Bruce Hunter, Jean Paul – After Hours                                                                                * Ian Boothby, Roger Fredericks – Big Sound – "Number One with a Bullet"
  * Danny DiTata, Rick Green, Duncan McKenzie, Amy McKenzie, Eric Lunsky, Jason Taniguchi, Jeremy Winkels – History Bites                                                                                * Jason Rouse – Comedy Now! – "Jason Rouse"
  * Rick Mercer, Mark Farrell, Alex Galatis, Alex Ganetakos, Ed Macdonald, Bob Martin, Edward Riche, Raymond Storey – Made in Canada                                                                              * Brad Birch, Craig Lauzon – Ham I am
  * Suzanne Bolch, John May – Our Hero                                                                                * Jessica Holmes – Holmes Alone

Film


3rd Canadian Comedy Awards

Film

Best Performance by a Male                      Best Performance by a Female
  * [Blue ribbon] Eugene Levy – American Pie 2    * [Blue ribbon] Mary Walsh – Rare Birds
  * Benjamin Ratner – Last Wedding                * Frida Betrani – Last Wedding
  * Andy Jones – Rare Birds                       * Molly Parker – Last Wedding
  * Chris Owens – The Uncles                      * Megan Dunlop – Parsley Days
  * Louis Di Bianco – Who is Cletis Tout?         * Kathleen Robertson – Scary Movie 2
Best Direction                                  Best Writing
  * [Blue ribbon] Bruce Sweeney – Last Wedding    * [Blue ribbon] Karen Walton – Ginger Snaps
  * Andrea Dorfman – Parsley Days                 * Bruce Sweeney – Last Wedding
  * Sturla Gunnarsson – Rare Birds                * Andrea Dorfman – Parsley Days
  * James Allodi – The Uncles                     * Edward Riche – Rare Birds
  * William Phillips – Treed Murray               * James Allodi – The Uncles

Multiple wins

The following people, shows, films, etc. received multiple awards

Awards  Person or work
4       Made in Canada

Multiple nominations

The following people, shows, films, etc. received multiple nominations

Nominations    Person or work
8              Made in Canada
4              Last Wedding
Our Hero
Rare Birds
3              Parsley Days
The Uncles
2\             After Hours
History Bites

  * Canadian Comedy Awards official website


3rd Cavalry Division (German Empire)

The 3rd Cavalry Division (3. Kavallerie-Division) was a unit of the Prussian Army, part of German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in November 1916.

Combat chronicle

It was initially assigned to IV Cavalry Corps, which preceded the 4th and 5th Armies on the Western Front. In December 1914, it was involved in occupation duties in Belgium. On 6 April 1915, it was transferred to Russia and dissolved there on 1 September 1916. It was reformed in Hungary on 9 September 1916 and later moved to Transylvania. It was finally dissolved in November 1916.

A more detailed combat chronicle can be found at the German-language version of this article.

Order of Battle on mobilisation

On formation, in August 1914, the component units of the division were:

  * 16th Cavalry Brigade (from VIII Corps District)
      + 7th Jäger zu Pferde
      + 8th Jäger zu Pferde
  * 22nd Cavalry Brigade (from XI Corps District)
      + 5th (Rhenish) Dragoons "Baron Manteuffel"
      + 14th (2nd Kurhessian) Hussars "Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Homburg"
  * 25th Cavalry Brigade (from XVIII Corps District)
      + 23rd Guards Dragoons (1st Grand Ducal Hessian)
      + 24th Life Dragoons (2nd Grand Ducal Hessian)
  * Horse Artillery Abteilung of the 11th (1st Kurhessian) Field Artillery Regiment
  * 2nd Machine Gun Detachment
  * Pioneer Detachment
  * Signals Detachment
      + Heavy Wireless Station 11
      + Light Wireless Station 18
      + Light Wireless Station 19
  * Cavalry Motorised Vehicle Column 3

See: Table of Organisation and Equipment

Changes in organization


3rd Cavalry Division (German Empire)

See: Table of Organisation and Equipment

Changes in organization

  * 16th Cavalry Brigade became independent on 1 September 1916
  * 22nd Cavalry Brigade joined 2nd Cavalry Division on 13 August 1916
  * 25th Cavalry Brigade joined 2nd Cavalry Division on 23 September 1916
  * 1st Cavalry Brigade joined on 13 October 1916 from 1st Cavalry Division (renamed Siebenburgishe Cavalry Brigade on 1 June 1917.)
  * German Army (German Empire)
  * German cavalry in World War I
  * German Army order of battle (1914)
  * Cron, Hermann (2002). Imperial German Army 1914-18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]. Helion & Co. ISBN 1-874622-70-1.
  * Ellis, John; Cox, Michael (1993). The World War I Databook. Aurum Press Ltd. ISBN 1-85410-766-6.


2008–09 Bavarian ice hockey season

For the main article see Bavarian ice hockey leagues

The 2008-2009 Bavarian ice hockey season started on 17 October 2008 with the first round in the Bayernliga and finished on 22 March 2009 with the second Bayernliga final, with the ERV Schweinfurt taking out the title for a third time, having previously won it in 1990 and 2000.

Two clubs finished the season with only one loss to their name, the Bezirksliga and Landesliga champions TSV Schliersee and EHC Bayreuth, while the TSV Trostberg II was the only team not to record a win, having now not won a league game since January 2006.

Champions

The three levels of the Bavarian league system were won by the following teams:

  * Bayernliga: ERV Schweinfurt
  * Landesliga: EHC Bayreuth
  * Bezirksliga: TSV Schliersee

Bayernliga

  * The competition will be played, as in the years previously, with 16 teams, with the top eight qualified for the championship play-off and the bottom eight having to play-down to determine the two relegated teams. Differently from the previous season, the league did not enter the play-offs straight after the main round. Instead it played another group phase in four groups of four teams.

Main round: Final table


2008–09 Bavarian ice hockey season

Main round: Final table

Position  Name                 Played  Won  OTW  OTL  Lost  GF   GA   GD    Points
1         TSV Peißenberg       30      19   2    2    7     142  100  42    63
2         ERV Schweinfurt      30      16   5    1    8     169  127  42    59
3         Höchstadter EC       30      18   0    2    10    145  107  38    56
4         TSV Erding           30      16   2    1    11    137  104  33    53
5         ESC Dorfen           30      16   1    3    10    117  106  11    53
6         ESV Buchloe (N)      30      16   1    3    10    98   86   12    53
7         VER Selb             30      16   1    2    11    153  120  33    52
8         ECDC Memmingen       30      15   2    2    11    129  97   32    51

9         ERC Sonthofen        30      14   2    3    11    117  113  4     49
10        EHC Waldkraiburg     30      15   1    1    13    134  116  18    48
11        ESV Königsbrunn      30      11   5    2    12    108  104  4     45
12        Germering Wanderers  30      10   2    3    15    129  150  -21   37
13        EC Pfaffenhofen      30      7    3    2    18    113  144  -31   29
14        EV Pfronten          30      6    4    2    18    79   124  -45   28
15        EHC 80 Nürnberg      30      6    3    1    20    89   158  -69   25
16        EV Dingolfing (N)    30      5    0    4    21    85   188  -103  19

  * Abbreviations: P = Games played, OTW = Overtime win, OTL = Overtime loss, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, GD = Goal difference, (N) = Promoted club

Group phase: Final table

Championship round

The eight teams qualified for this round were split into two groups; Group A consisted of the teams having finished 1st, 4th, 5th and 8th in the main round. Group B consisted of the 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 7th team. The top two teams of each group qualified for the play-off semi-finals.

  * Group A
Position  Name            Played  Won  OTW  OTL  Lost  GF  GA  GD   Points
1         TSV Peißenberg  6       4    0    1    1     40  18  22   13
2         ESC Dorfen      6       4    0    0    2     21  24  -3   12
3         ECDC Memmingen  6       1    1    1    3     17  27  -10  6
4         TSV Erding      6       1    1    0    4     22  31  -9   5


2008–09 Bavarian ice hockey season

* Group B
Position  Name             Played  Won  OTW  OTL  Lost  GF  GA  GD   Points
1         ERV Schweinfurt  6       4    0    0    2     34  23  11   12
2         Höchstadter EC   6       3    1    0    2     29  19  10   11
3         VER Selb         6       2    0    1    3     18  32  -14  7
4         ESV Buchloe      6       2    0    0    4     20  27  -7   6

Relegation round

The eight teams qualified for this round were also split into two groups. Group A consisted of the teams having finished 9th, 12th, 13th and 16th in the main round. Group B consisted of the 10th, 11th, 14th and 15th team. The bottom two teams of each group had to enter the play-downs while the top two teams were qualified for next seasons Bayernliga.

  * Group A
Position  Name                 Played  Won  OTW  OTL  Lost  GF  GA  GD  Points
1         EC Pfaffenhofen      6       4    0    1    1     27  27  0   13
2         EV Dingolfing        6       3    1    0    2     24  18  6   11
3         Wanderers Germering  6       2    0    0    4     18  23  -5  6
4         ERC Sonthofen        6       2    0    0    4     20  21  -1  6

  * Group B
Position  Name              Played  Won  OTW  OTL  Lost  GF  GA  GD   Points
1         EHC Waldkraiburg  6       5    1    0    0     37  16  21   17
2         EV Pfronten       6       3    0    0    3     21  23  -2   9
3         ESV Königsbrunn   6       2    0    1    3     16  15  1    7
4         EHC 80 Nürnberg   6       1    0    0    5     14  34  -20  3

Play-Offs

The semi-finals and the final are played in a best-of-three modus.

Semi finals

Team             Team            Game 1  Game 2  Game 3
TSV Peißenberg   Höchstadter EC   5-2     2-4     6-5
ERV Schweinfurt  ESC Dorfen       6-3     3-2

Finals

  * Championship:
Team            Team             Game 1  Game 2  Game 3
TSV Peißenberg  ERV Schweinfurt   4-6     2-6

  * The ERV Schweinfurt is the 2008-09 Bayernliga champions.

Play-Downs

Semi finals


2008–09 Bavarian ice hockey season

Play-Downs

Semi finals

Team                 Team             Game 1  Game 2  Game 3
Wanderers Germering  EHC 80 Nürnberg   1-7     4-5
ESV Königsbrunn      ERC Sonthofen     6-7     5-7

Final

Team           Team             Game 1  Game 2
ERC Sonthofen  EHC 80 Nürnberg   7-1     5-1

Landesliga

The four regional divisions played out a home-and-away round to determine the four clubs from each league who enter the sixteen team promotion round. Split into two groups of eight, the top team of each division gains promotion to the Bayernliga. Should one or more teams from this league move up to the Oberliga without a Bavarian team being relegated from there, additional clubs from that round may gain promotion.

The remaining sixteen clubs played out a relegation round with the last two team in each of the two groups being relegated to the Bezirksliga.

First round

Top four teams enter the promotion round.

  * Landesliga Nord
Position  Name                       Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF   GA   GD    Points
1         EHC Bayreuth               14      11   2      1     122  28   94    24
2         EV Regensburg (R)          14      11   0      3     111  38   73    22
3         1. EV Weiden (R)           14      10   1      3     92   37   55    21
4         ESC Hassfurt               14      8    1      5     105  63   42    17
5         EV Pegnitz                 14      7    2      5     91   76   15    16
6         ERSC Amberg                14      3    1      10    46   117  -71   7
7         EC Amberg (N)              14      1    1      12    41   127  -86   3
8         EHC Stiftland-Mitterteich  14      1    0      13    36   158  -122  2


2008–09 Bavarian ice hockey season

*
      + The EV Regensburg was forced to resign from the 2nd Bundesliga due to insolvency.
      + The 1. EV Weiden voluntarily withdrew from the Oberliga to the Landesliga
  * Landesliga Süd
Position  Name                      Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF  GA  GD   Points
1         EHC Bad Aibling           14      10   2      2     81  55  26   22
2         ESC Holzkirchen           14      10   1      3     77  41  36   21
3         TSV Trostberg             14      8    2      4     73  61  12   18
4         ESC Riverrats Geretsried  14      6    3      5     61  57  4    15
5         SC Reichersbeuren         14      6    2      6     67  66  1    14
6         EC Bad Tölz II            14      3    5      6     54  59  -5   11
7         ERSC Ottobrunn            14      2    5      7     44  68  -24  9
8         EV Mittenwald (N)         14      1    0      13    38  88  -50  2

  * Landesliga Ost
Position  Name                Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF   GA  GD   Points
1         SVG Burgkirchen     14      11   2      1     109  54  55   24
2         ESC Vilshofen       14      9    3      2     78   31  47   21
3         ESV Gebensbach      14      9    1      4     61   40  21   19
4         EV Moosburg         14      9    0      5     76   45  31   18
5         EHC Straubing II    14      6    1      7     41   55  -14  13
6         EK München          14      4    0      10    39   89  -50  8
7         EHC Regensburg (N)  14      2    1      11    50   88  -38  5
8         SE Freising         14      2    0      12    43   95  -52  4

  * Landesliga West
Position  Name                     Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF  GA  GD   Points
1         EV Lindau                14      12   2      0     95  31  64   26
2         EA Schongau              14      9    4      1     96  43  53   22
3         ERC Lechbruck            14      8    1      5     71  62  9    17
4         ESV Burgau               14      7    1      6     60  74  -14  15
5         EV Fürstenfeldbruck (R)  14      5    3      6     62  66  -4   13
6         SC Forst                 14      6    0      8     58  75  -17  12
7         ESC Kempten (N)          14      3    1      10    44  84  -40  7
8         EV Bad Wörishofen        14      0    0      14    40  91  -51  0

  * (R) denotes team relegated from the Bayernliga after previous season.
  * (N) denotes team promoted from the Bezirksliga after previous season.

Promotion round


2008–09 Bavarian ice hockey season

Promotion round

Top team in each division promoted to the Bayernliga. The second placed teams may have a promotion chance if a Bavarian team is promoted from the Bayernliga to the Oberliga.

  * Group A
Position  Name                      Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF   GA   GD   Points
1         EV Regensburg             14      13   2      0     92   19   73   27
2         EV Lindau                 14      12   0      2     106  26   80   24
3         1. EV Weiden              14      9    2      3     73   42   31   20
4         ESC Vilshofen             14      5    3      6     57   60   -3   13
5         ESC Riverrats Geretsried  14      4    1      9     53   81   -28  9
6         EHC Bad Aibling           14      4    0      10    52   110  -58  8
7         ESV Burgau                14      3    1      10    44   95   -51  7
8         ESV Gebensbach            14      1    2      11    46   90   -44  4

  * Group B
Position  Name             Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF  GA  GD   Points
1         EHC Bayreuth     14      13   1      0     85  20  65   27
2         SVG Burgkirchen  14      10   1      3     71  51  20   21
3         ESC Hassfurt     14      8    0      6     68  41  27   16
4         EA Schongau      14      7    1      6     58  47  11   15
5         ESC Holzkirchen  14      5    0      9     51  64  -13  10
6         ERC Lechbruck    14      5    0      9     48  85  -37  10
7         EV Moosburg      14      4    0      10    37  80  -43  8
8         TSV Trostberg    14      2    1      11    52  77  -25  5

Finals

The two division winners will play a two match series to determine the Landesliga champions while the two division runners-up will play for third place, which could also determine who will be pro moted if a third team was to move up to the Bayernliga.

  * Third place
Team             Team       Game 1  Game 2
SVG Burgkirchen  EV Lindau   0-5     6-7

  * Championship
Team          Team           Game 1  Game 2
EHC Bayreuth  EV Regensburg   5-1     2-1

Relegation round

The two bottom teams in each division are relegated to the Bezirksliga.


2008–09 Bavarian ice hockey season

* Group North/East
Position  Name                       Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF   GA  GD   Points
1         EV Pegnitz                 14      13   0      1     126  54  72   26
2         EHC Straubing II           14      9    0      5     59   53  6    18
3         EC Amberg                  14      6    3      5     81   76  5    15
4         EK München                 14      7    1      6     57   67  -10  15
5         SE Freising                14      6    1      7     78   73  5    13
6         ERSC Amberg                14      6    1      7     68   87  -19  13
7         EHC Regensburg             14      4    1      9     66   87  -21  9
8         EHC Stiftland-Mitterteich  14      1    1      12    60   98  -38  3

  * Group South/West
Position  Name                 Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF  GA  GD   Points
1         SC Forst             14      11   0      3     77  52  25   22
2         EV Fürstenfeldbruck  14      9    1      4     68  46  22   19
3         SC Reichersbeuern    14      9    1      4     76  54  22   19
4         EC Bad Tölz II       14      8    2      4     61  43  18   18
5         ESC Kempten          14      6    2      6     66  66  0    14
6         ERSC Ottobrunn       14      5    2      7     52  66  -14  12
7         EV Bad Wörishofen    14      2    0      12    48  79  -31  4
8         EV Mittenwald        14      2    0      12    38  80  -42  4

Bezirksliga

The four regional division played out a home-and-away round to determined the league winner. The four league champions are promoted to the Landesliga and also are qualified for the Bezirksliga championship round.

Main round

First placed team enters championship round and is promoted to Landesliga.

  * Bezirksliga Nord
Position  Name                   Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF  GA  GD  Points
1         ERC Ingolstadt
2         ESV Würzburg (R)
3         VER Selb II (N)
4         EC Erkersreuth
5         EC Pfaffenhofen II
6         Höchstadter EC II (N)
7         EC Bad Kissing

  * Bezirksliga Süd
Position  Name                         Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF  GA  GD  Points
1         TSV Schliersee
2         SC Gaißach
3         Star Bulls Rosenheim II (N)
4         EHC Waldkraiburg II
5         EV Berchtesgaden
6         DEC Frillensee (R)
7         Germering Wanderers II
8         TSV Trostberg II


2008–09 Bavarian ice hockey season

* Bezirksliga Ost
Position  Name                   Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF  GA  GD  Points
1         ESV Waldkirchen
2         ERC Regen
3         EV Bruckberg
4         EV Aich
5         Deggendorfer SC II
6         SG EK/EHC München (R)
7         EV Dingolfing II
8         Dynamo Dingolfing

  * Bezirksliga West
Position  Name                Played  Won  Drawn  Lost  GF  GA  GD  Points
1         1. EC Senden
2         SV Apfeldorf
3         EC Oberstdorf
4         VfL Denklingen
5         ESV Bad Bayersoien
6         SV Hohenfurch
7         EG Wood Augsburg
8         ESV Buchloe II
9         ASV Dachau

Championship round

The Bezirksliga championship was decided in a home-and-away round with the club with the best aggregate score taking out the series. All four teams are already promoted to the Landesliga.

Semi finals

Team            Team             Game 1  Game 2
ERC Ingolstadt  TSV Schliersee    5-5    2-3 aet
1. EC Senden    ESV Waldkirchen   6-1     5-14

Finals

  * Third place:
Team            Team          Game 1  Game 2
ERC Ingolstadt  1. EC Senden   4-7     5-10

  * Championship:
Team             Team            Game 1  Game 2
ESV Waldkirchen  TSV Schliersee   3-3     3-7

  * The TSV Schliersee is the 2008-09 Bavarian Bezirksliga champion.
  * Bayrischer Eissport Verband- Official Bavarian ice hockey website
  * Hockey Archives - International ice hockey website with tables and results (in French)
  * Bayernhockey-Inoffical website on Bavarian ice hockey


Capilla Real

Capilla Real may refer to:

  * One of the Chapels Royal serving the king of Spain
      + Capilla Real de Granada, or its choir
      + Capilla Real de Madrid, or its choir


El Tule

El Tule may refer to:

  * El Árbol del Tule, largest girth tree in the world, in Santa María del Tule, Oaxaca, Mexico
  * El Tule, Chihuahua in El Tule Municipality, Chihuahua, Mexico
  * El Tule Municipality, Chihuahua, Mexico
  * El Tule, Zacatecas, Mexico
  * El Tule a Latin group from Austin, TX


Badminton at the 2013 East Asian Games

Badminton at the 2013 East Asian Games was held in Tianjin, China in the month of October. Participant countries included China, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Macau, Mongolia and Independent Olympic Athletes.

Medal summary

Medal table

* Host nation (China)

Rank                Nation                Gold  Silver  Bronze  Total
1                   China (CHN)*          6     2       0       8
2                   Chinese Taipei (TPE)  1     2       3       6
3                   Hong Kong (HKG)       0     2       2       4
4                   Japan (JPN)           0     1       5       6
5                   South Korea (KOR)     0     0       3       3
Totals (5 entries)  7                     7     13      27

Medalists


Badminton at the 2013 East Asian Games

Discipline                        Gold                             Silver                           Bronze
Men's singles                     [China] Du Pengyu                [China] Wang Zhengming           [South Korea] Jeon Hyeok-jin
[Japan] Kazumasa Sakai
Women's singles                   [China] Han Li                   [China] Wang Shixian             [Japan] Akane Yamaguchi
[Japan] Aya Ohori
Men's doubles                     [Chinese Taipei] Lee Sheng-mu    [Chinese Taipei] Chen Hung-ling  [Hong Kong] Lee Chun Hei
                                  [Chinese Taipei] Tsai Chia-hsin  [Chinese Taipei] Lu Chia-pin     [Hong Kong] Ng Ka Long
[Japan] Hiroyuki Saeki
[Japan] Ryota Taohata
Women's doubles                   [China] Ou Dongni                [Japan] Yuriko Miki              [South Korea] Chae Yoo-jung
                                  [China] Tang Yuanting            [Japan] Koharu Yonemoto          [South Korea] Kim Ji-won
[Chinese Taipei] Cheng Wen-hsing
[Chinese Taipei] Hsieh Pei-chen
Mixed doubles                     [China] Xu Chen                  [Hong Kong] Lee Chun Hei         [South Korea] Choi Sol-gyu
                                  [China] Ma Jin                   [Hong Kong] Chau Hoi Wah         [South Korea] Chae Yoo-jung
[Chinese Taipei] Lee Sheng-mu
[Chinese Taipei] Wang Pei-rong
                                  China                                                             Chinese Taipei
                                  Chai Biao                                                         Chen Hung-ling
                                  Chen Long                        Hong Kong                        Chou Tien-chen
                                  Du Pengyu                        Hu Yun                           Hsu Jen-hao
                                  Gao Huan                         Lee Chun Hei                     Lee Sheng-mu
Men's team                        Hong Wei                         Ng Ka Long                       Liang Jui-wei
                                  Liu Xiaolong                     Wong Wai Hong                    Liao Kuan-hao
                                  Qiu Zihan                        Wong Wing Ki                     Lin Chia-hsuan
                                  Wang Zhengming                                                    Lu Chia-pin
                                  Xu Chen                                                           Tsai Chia-hsin
                                                                                Wang Tzu-wei
                                  China                            Chinese Taipei


Badminton at the 2013 East Asian Games

Wang Tzu-wei
                                  China                            Chinese Taipei
                                  Chen Qingchen                    Chen Hsiao-huan                  Hong Kong
                                  Han Li                           Chen Shih-ying                   Chan Hung Yung
                                  He Jiaxin                        Cheng Wen-hsing                  Chan Tsz Ka
                                  Ma Jin                           Hsieh Pei-chen                   Chau Hoi Wah
Women's team                      Ou Dongni                        Kuo Yu-wen                       Cheung Ngan Yi
                                  Sun Yu                           Pai Hsiao-ma                     Cheung Ying Mei
                                  Suo Di                           Tai Tzu-ying                     Poon Lok Yan
                                  Tang Yuanting                    Tsai Pei-ling                    Tse Ying Suet
                                  Wang Shixian                     Wang Pei-rong                    Yip Pui Yin
                                  Zhao Yunlei
Japan
Misato Aratama
Naoko Fukuman
Yui Hashimoto
Kaori Imabeppu
Yuriko Miki
Aya Ohori
Megumi Taruno
Akane Yamaguchi
Koharu Yonemoto


Badminton at the 2013 East Asian Games

Results

Men's singles

  Semifinal                                                   Final

  1          [China] Du Pengyu             21                 21

             [South Korea] Jeon Hyeok-jin  15                 17
             1                             [China] Du Pengyu  22                      21

                                           2                  [China] Wang Zhengming  20  17
             [Japan] Kazumasa Sakai        11                 17

  2          [China] Wang Zhengming        21                 21

Women's singles

  Semifinal                                                         Final

  1                  [China] Wang Shixian     19                    21              21

                     [Japan] Akane Yamaguchi  21                    19              16
                     1                        [China] Wang Shixian  21              17  20

                                                                    [China] Han Li  14  21  22
  [Japan] Aya Ohori  16                       7

  [China] Han Li     21                       21

Men's doubles

  Semi-finals                                                                                Final

  [Chinese Taipei] Chen Hung-ling  21                               15                               21
  [Chinese Taipei] Lu Chia-pin

  [Japan] Hiroyuki Saeki           19                               21                               17
  [Japan] Ryota Taohata
                                                                    [Chinese Taipei] Chen Hung-ling  8                                18
                                                                    [Chinese Taipei] Lu Chia-pin

                                                                    2                                [Chinese Taipei] Lee Sheng-mu    21  21
                                                                                [Chinese Taipei] Tsai Chia-hsin
                                   [Hong Kong] Lee Chun Hei         11                               19
                                   [Hong Kong] Ng Ka Long

  2                                [Chinese Taipei] Lee Sheng-mu    21                               21
                                   [Chinese Taipei] Tsai Chia-hsin

Women's doubles

  Semi-finals                                                                           Final

  [Chinese Taipei] Hsieh Pei-chen   17                           18
  [Chinese Taipei] Cheng Wen-hsing

  [China] Ou Dongni                 21                           21
  [China] Tang Yuanting
                                                                 [China] Ou Dongni      21                       21
                                                                 [China] Tang Yuanting

                                                                 2                      [Japan] Yuriko Miki      8   11
                                                                                [Japan] Koharu Yonemoto
                                    [South Korea] Kim Ji-won     15                     18
                                    [South Korea] Chae Yoo-jung

  2                                 [Japan] Yuriko Miki          21                     21
                                    [Japan] Koharu Yonemoto

Mixed doubles

  Semi-finals                                                   Final

  1            [China] Xu Chen                 21               21
               [China] Ma Jin


Badminton at the 2013 East Asian Games

[South Korea] Choi Sol-gyu      10               15
               [South Korea] Chae Yoo-jung
               1                               [China] Xu Chen  17                        21  21
                                               [China] Ma Jin

                                               2                [Hong Kong] Lee Chun Hei  21  13  13
                                                                [Hong Kong] Chau Hoi Wah
               [Chinese Taipei] Lee Sheng-mu   12               15
               [Chinese Taipei] Wang Pei-rong

  2            [Hong Kong] Lee Chun Hei        21               21
               [Hong Kong] Chau Hoi Wah


Felicity Field

Felicity Field (born 4 March 1946) is a British former alpine skier who competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics, where she finished 6th, in the Downhill event.

  * Felicity Field at Olympedia


Winnipeg Warming Huts; An Art and Architecture Competition on Ice

The Warming Huts: An Art and Architecture Competition on Ice is a design competition that takes place in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The competition features art installations submitted by various artists and architects that are placed along the frozen Red River and Assiniboine River for the community to enjoy. The Warming Huts are the product of a recurring exercise in design and construction that takes place on the frozen rivers of Winnipeg every winter with limitless design variations allowing a lot of freedom for concept exploration.

History

The competition was first established in 2009 by Sputnik Architecture Inc. with the main purpose of attracting the public back to the downtown section of Winnipeg, especially during the cold winter months.competition was chosen because of its importance to Canadian history. The Forks Historic Site was used mainly during two time periods, 5600 BC - 1000 BC and 500 AD - 2000 AD, as a route to transport and trade goods at its location in the junction of the Red and Assiniboine River.Indigenous peoples, the most common group being Algonquin peoples.

Competition guidelines

The installations should follow the themes of engaging the effects of solar radiation, wind chill, and the snow shifting the landscapes. The three winning designs will be chosen by a blind jury based on their inventive use of materials, ability to provide shelter, poetics of assembly and form, integration with the environment, and simplicity of construction. The design has to be durable or reliable in order to withstand the elements of the Winnipeg winters.

Past artists and architects

The Warming Huts have been designed and built with the participation of significant designers and artists from around the world. These installations include works from Frank Gehry, Anish Kapoor, Étienne Gaboury, and Patkau Architects.

Past installations

Every year three winners are chosen by the blind jury. Here are the winning installations over the competitions 14 years of running.

2023 -Curtain, Hayspace, Meanwhile We Still Dream

Curtain by Alejandro Felix and Fang Cui represents a frozen waterfall that uses aspects of both the site and ice.

Hayspace by Philipp Gmür and Hugh Taylor Walenstadt is a representation of hay bales often found in the Prairie landscape.

We Still Dream by Lindo Jia and Jaymon Diaz displays searching for shelter through the elements.


2022 - Singing in the Shower, Sunset, Warming Inflation Hands

Singing in the Shower by Luca Roncoroni and Tina Soli is a representation of the carefree feeling of singing in the shower.

Sunset by Democratic Architects is a shelter that's provided for users to watch the sunset, protected from the winds.

Warming Inflation Hands by artist Popper Zhu mimics the shape we as humans make with our hands when we are protecting something.

2021 - Yohaus, Divergence, Hot Landing

Yohaus by Karina Leong & Jeremy Chan encourages social distancing in the form of play by allowing visitors to mold their own snow huts.

Divergence by Thomas Cheney is a sudden interruption in the original skating path taking the visitors on a path of sudden twists and turns.

Hot Landing by AtLRG Architecture Inc. is a replication of a crashed NASA Apollo Command Capsule vessel which uses solar heating to act as a sauna.

2020 - The Droombok, Forest Village, S(hovel)

The Droombok by Noël Picaper is a representation of the changing environments casting a variety of changing shadows and wind patterns.

Forest Village by Ashida Architect & Associates Co. is a series of huts that allow people to reconnect to nature and each other.

S(hovel) by Modern Office + Sumer Singh is a small shelter that takes an ordinary winter object and reimagines it as a place to inhabit, and all 194 shovels are donated afterwards.

2019 - Hoverbox, Huttie, Weathermen

Hoverbox by Simon Kassner and Wilko Hoffmann is a play using both distance and proximity as it leads visitors through a dark maze that appears to hover over the ice.

Huttie by Jennie O’Keefe + Chris Pancoe is inspired by the children's television series H.R. Pufnstuf which can be used as a shelter, your friend during bad weather.

Weathermen by Haemee Han + Jaeyual Lee is an installation that replicates a snowman, being hollowed out in the middle, the snowmen become inhabitable.

2018 - Golden Bison, Totem, Trunk


2018 - Golden Bison, Totem, Trunk

Golden Bison by David Alberto Arroyo Tafolla takes the form of a bison which is Manitoba's national animal, and has yellow colouring which represents the popular Golden Boy statue in Winnipeg.

Totem by Architecture Office b210 is two towers that represent a point of recognition allowing visitors to climb single file up to four meters.

Trunk by Camille Bianchi and Ryder Thalheimer takes the form of a tree that can become inhabitable and is inspired by the quietness of growth in the world.

2017 - Greetings From Bubble Beach, Ice Lantern, Open Border

Greetings From Bubble Beach by Team 888 is an interactive snow globe that gives its visitors the opportunity to escape from the cold.

Ice Lantern by Lisa Tondino, Alexandra Bolen, Mathew Rodrigues, and Drew Klassen is based loosely on a primitive hut that attracts skaters using the glow of light, to shelter beneath.

Open Border by Joyce de Grauw and Paul van den Berg creates a narrow gateway where skaters can go to warm up, mostly being warmed by the red glow the sun creates on the installation.

2016 - Temple, Ice Maze, Shelterbelt

Temple by Kirill Bair and Daria Lisitsyna mimics the ancient Greek places of worship but is constructed out of steel fuel drums and recycled material, meaning it's a place of worship connected to the wind.

Ice Maze by Andreas Mede is an interactive installation that encourages problem solving in a variety of spaces, relying on the sky and the surrounding elements.

Shelterbelt by Robert B Trempe Jr acts as a windbreaker that is primarily constructed using steel rebar. The rebar hides the interior environment and also produces a constant sound of rustling as they sway in the wind.

2015 - Recycling Words, The Hole Idea, This Big

Recycling Words, by KANVA, is an interactive installation that combines recycled chairs and skis to enable skaters to glide across the ice.

The Hole Idea, by Weisse Architecture and Urbanism Limited, is a portable hole that is embedded into the snowy landscape which provides shelter to the skaters from the harsh winds.


This Big, by Tina Soli and Luca Roncoroni, is a representation of the popular sport of ice fishing and catching a fish so big it doesn't fit through the hole.

2014 - NUZZLES, Red Blanket, Windshield

NUZZLES, by RAW DESIGN INC. is a warming hut that takes the properties of fur to provide heat in a fun and colourful way.

Red Blanket, by Workshop Architecture Inc, is meant to be eye-catching against the white winter landscape as well as protect skaters against prevailing winds.

Windshield, by Kate Busby and Bella Totino, is a five meter tall wind vane that is constantly protecting skaters from prevailing winds due to its ability to rotate.

2013 - Hygge House, Smokehouse, Woolhaus

Hygge House, designed by three separate Winnipeg firms, is a recreation of a classic Canadian winter symbol, the cottage.

Smokehouse, by aamodt/plumb architects in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is a warming hut of charred wood and ivory felt representing animal pelts that were used for warmth.

Woolhaus, by Myungkweon Parkis, a sensory experience that uses felt to absorb heat, light, and sound creating an isolated interior environment.

2012 - WIND CATCHER, Ice Pillows, ROPE Pavillion

WIND CATCHER, by Tina Soli and Luca Roncoroni, is a "hole in the wall" that encourages interaction, as well as acts as a wind tunnel.

Ice Pillows, by Mjölk is an installation that utilizes the surrounding environment and provides shelter by extending from the river trail.

ROPE Pavillion, by New York's Kevin Erickson and Allison Warren, uses simple materials to create a shelter that nestles itself into the river trail.

2011 - WOODPILE, by Ha(y)ven, Under the Covers

WOODPILE, by Talmon Biran, is an interactive installation that transforms from a completely enclosed space in the winter, to an open space in the Spring due its log walls.

Ha(y)ven, is designed by a team of New York architects, is a structure made out of a simple material, hay, that is heavily relied on in the winter.


Under the Covers, is designed by a team of Philadelphia architects, it resembles the blanket of snow being lifted up to reveal the underside, creating a warm refuge for skaters.

Related events

The Warming Hut competition has taken place every January for 14 years now. Since the first competition in 2009, the Warming Huts have inspired similar events in Canada including Toronto's Winter Stations in Toronto, Ontario and Ice Stations in Sudbury, Ontario. This competition drives northern art and design by using the installations as a public event along the Red and Assiniboine River.


Capilla de la Caridad (Algeciras)

The Chapel of the Charity

The Chapel of the Charity (Spanish: Capilla de la Caridad is a Roman Catholic chapel in Villa Nueva, Algeciras, Spain.

History

The Chapel of the Charity was built in 1768 on the Plaza Juan de Lima, attached to the old Charity Hospital. It has a single nave and a facade with a main door flanked by Doric pilasters. A plaque on the door reminds people that it was built by public subscription.

36°07′40″N 5°26′52″W / 36.12778°N 5.44778°W


Vanessa Gounden

Vanessa Gounden (born 1961) is South Africa's first female mining magnate and a successful female entrepreneur, whose business interest span healthcare services, financial services and lifestyle and leisure.

Career

Holgoun Investment Holdings

In 2003, along with her husband Sivi, she started HolGoun Investment Holdings,

HolGoun Investment Holdings has its primary investment in coal and uranium, but has activity in a wide range of sectors including mining and exploration, healthcare, financial services, property, fashion. Gounden currently works as the Chief Executive Officer for HolGoun. The HolGoun group also has investments in HolGoun Healthcare, HG Risk Management Solutions, HG Property and HG Lifestyle and Leisure.

Fashion Line: Vanessa G London

She launched her clothing line, Vanessa G London, in March 2011 at London Fashion Week


Alfred Watson (actuary)

Sir Alfred William Watson KCB FIA (11 March 1870 – 7 May 1936) was a British actuary and civil servant. In 1917 he became Britain's first government actuary and was very influential in setting up the funding by National Insurance for the newly introduced state pension.

Early life

Watson was born in Bristol on 11 March 1870 to parents Alfred Reuban Watson, a violinist and composer, and Emily Morris Hobro.Nottingham High School, before joining his grandfather Reuban Watson's actuarial practice, R. Watson and Sons.Institute of Actuaries in 1893, passing his final examination with the highest mark in his year.

Career

In 1896, Watson was appointed to the 1896 Rothschild Committee on Old Age Pensions, which had been set up to investigate establishing a state pension in the United Kingdom, following the introduction of a state pension in Germany.

After continuing his career as an actuary, consulting for friendly societies including the Manchester Unity of Oddfellows.Sickness and Mortality Experience (1893–97) of the Manchester Unity of Oddfellows in the Journal of the Institute of Actuaries.Friendly society finance to the Institute of Actuaries in 1911 and 1912.

Watson gave advice about the writing of the National Insurance Act 1911, before being appointed chief actuary to the National Health Insurance Joint Committee after the National Insurance bill had become law in 1912.World War I.Ministry of Shipping to optimise the use of shipping.

Government actuary

Watson became the first government actuary on 14 May 1917, gaining influence with the expansion of National Insurance, particularly with regard to pensions.HM Treasury, and was seen to be aligned with the department's desire for more control over social policy.Government Actuary's Department was created in July 1919.

Watson served on royal commissions on decimalisation in 1918 and national health insurance in 1926.Royal Statistical Society and the committee of the Reform Club.

Watson has been credited as the "driving force" behind the introduction of contributory pensions in the United Kingdom, believing that means-tested pensions or universal pensions paid for by general taxation would be unsustainable.

Personal life

Watson married Elizabeth Moffrey, daughter of a grand master of the Manchester Unity of Oddfellows, in June 1895.

Honours


Alfred Watson (actuary)

Honours

Watson was knighted in 1915 and made a knight commander of the order of the Bath (KCB) in 1920.


Ania Wiśniewska

Anna Katarzyna Magdalena Żeńca (born Anna Świątczak 30 March 1977) also known as Aniqa, is a pop singer and ex wife of Michał Wiśniewski, the leader singer of Ich Troje band, in which she sang between 2003 and 2009. In July 2010 it was officially announced that she was leaving the band to pursue her solo career.

Their first child, Etiennette Anna, was born before they married, on 17 September 2006. Anna miscarried their second child Falco Christian on 15 May 2007. Their third child Vivienne Vienna was born on 2 February 2008.

1992-2003: Beginnings

She made her debut in 1992 in Zielona Góra, on the continuation of the Soviet Song Festival - "Slavic Bazaar", where she sang with the band Wiolinki, and a year later, together with her friends, founded a punk rock band Kurki Z Jednej Dziórka. In 1995, she took part in the program Szansa for success with the song "Pamiętasz było jesień" by Sława Przybylska. Świątczak won the episode as well as the entire edition of the program at the final concert in the Sala Kongresowa in Warsaw. She also won the audience award in the Debuts competition at the Polish National Song Festival in Opole. She sang in backing vocals in the program Jaka to melodia ?. In the meantime, she recorded backing vocals to pieces released on the albums of Andrzej Piaseczny, Natalia Kukulska, Kai Paschalska and Sylwia Wiśniewska.

2003-2010: Ich Troje and a solo album


Ania Wiśniewska

2003-2010: Ich Troje and a solo album

In 2003, she became the vocalist of the band Ich Troje, replacing Justyna Majkowska. On June 21, 2004, the band's sixth album was released (the first recorded with Anna Świątczak), titled the 6th last stop, which gained the status of a gold record, selling in a circulation of about 35,000. copies. At the end of January 2006, the group took part in Polish eliminations to the 51st Eurovision Song Contest, during which they took the first place with the song "Follow My Heart". In May, the band performed during the concert of the semi-final spectacle and took 11th place in it, not qualifying for the final. On December 18 of the same year, they released their seventh record, entitled deadly sins, the album promoted singles God is Love (2006) and Perfect Love (2007). On December 13, 2008, they released their eighth record entitled The Eighth Foreign Passenger, which was promoted by one single Play In Team (2008).

From 2016: Mińska LIFE and Punkt zwrotny #Pierwszy

On June 24, 2016, she took part in a concert held in Katowice on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of Ich Troje. In the same year, she released a studio album entitled Minska LIFE, which she recorded along with the Christian Southern Community.

From June 1, 2017, he conducts a religious talk show. Turning point in the Christian television of TBN Polska. In the same year, she announced the release of a studio album, entitled #Pierwszy. The material for the record was recorded in GarażStudio in Sulejówek, the producer of the publishing house will be Andrzej Żarnecki.

Discography

Albums

Title        Details
Aniqa        October 9, 2009
Mińska LIFE  2016


Ania (plant)

Ania is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae.

Species

Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of February 2021:

  * Ania angustifolia Lindl.
  * Ania elmeri (Ames) A.D.Hawkes ex Senghas
  * Ania hongkongensis (Rolfe) Tang & F.T.Wang
  * Ania penangiana (Hook.f.) Summerh.
  * Ania ruybarrettoi S.Y.Hu & Barretto
  * Ania viridifusca (Hook.) Tang & W.T.Wang ex Summerh.
  * List of Orchidaceae genera
  * Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (1999). Genera Orchidacearum Vols 1–3. Oxford Univ. Press.
  * Berg Pana, H. 2005. Handbuch der Orchideen-Namen. Dictionary of Orchid Names. Dizionario dei nomi delle orchidee. Ulmer, Stuttgart


Ania Loomba

Ania Loomba is an Indian literary scholar who works as a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Her work focuses on colonialism and postcolonial studies, race and feminist theory, contemporary Indian literature and culture, and early modern literature.University of Delhi, where she received her BA, MA and MPhil degrees, before moving to England to study at the University of Sussex, where she received her PhD.

Published works

  * Gender, Race, Renaissance Drama (1989)
  * Colonialism/ Postcolonialism (1998)
  * Post-colonial Shakespeares (1998) (co-editor)
  * Shakespeare, Race, and Colonialism (2002)
  * Postcolonial Studies and Beyond (2005) (co-editor)
  * Race in Early Modern England: A Documentary Companion (2007) (co-editor)
  * South Asian Feminisms (2012) (co-editor)
  * Rethinking Feminism in Early Modern Studies: Gender, Race and Sexuality (2016)
  * The Violence of Gandhi's Non-violence. Talk at Penn Humanities Forum on Violence, 2013-2014. October 2, 2013.


Arjun Shekhar

Arjun Shekhar (born 20 April 1965) is an Indian entrepreneur and writer. An XLRI alumni, he is the founder of the Vyaktitva. He is also the writer of the books, A Flawed God and End of Story?.

Life and education

Early life

Arjun was born in Jalore, Rajasthan. His mother is from Punjab and his father is from Rajasthan. His father is a retired IPS officer who was the CBI Director during the start of the Bofors case and also the Director of Police in Rajasthan.

Education

Arjun graduated from XLRI in 1990 after having studied at Delhi School of Economics previously. He captained the XLRI cricket team during that time.

Professional career

After 7 years of corporate citizenship, dissatisfied with following other people's agendas, Arjun decided to begin his own venture. According to him, "Entrepreneurship makes you take complete responsibility for something – you suddenly have a baby and you can't blame anybody else when it cries or pass it on. In this claiming as against blaming, you learn so much – it's the best way to learn about yourself and the world around you – by taking complete responsibility of something and committing fully to it."

He is the founder of Vyaktitva, an organizational development firm that works with companies, NGOs and individuals to bring out the true element of their character. Services include leadership training, people system design, coaching, facilitation of groups, and many other services in the people management domain. Vyaktitva works with clients of varying scales, locations and outreach.

Writing career

End of Story?

His book, End Of Story?, is a thriller that features questions as chapter headings to run through a plot featuring a fictional unemployed journalist’s experience with subliminal advertising.


Arjun Shekhar

The book is inspired by Shekhar’s business venture’s 'Get Real' journeys that focussed on identity as a species instead of individual lives. According to him, "Humans represent what is not present through stories. The ability to interpret a story and create authentic stories ourselves – what I call symbolic literacy – isn't taught unfortunately in schools or colleges. And yet it is the most important meta process that humans need to learn. Through my workshops I realized how inadequately understood this field of symbolic literacy is in spite of us being a symbolic species."

The book has met with mostly positive reviews. Heena Khan from Hindustan Times calls it an "effortless read, reading through which one often does not want the story to end, quite contrary to its title."

A Flawed God

Shekhar’s first book, A Flawed God, was published in 2010. It followed the experiences of a consultant through his choices in his dealings with the corporate world and the stock market.

"A brilliant satire of the boxwallah’s world in which every incident makes you chuckle.." says Jaya Bhattacharji Rose from the Asian Age. The book reached the Sunday Guardian bestseller list of July 2011.

The Ocean in a Drop

He co-wrote the book The Ocean in a Drop

Personal life

Arjun married Ashraf Patel, who studied with him at XLRI in 1992. She left the corporate sector as well to start up a social enterprise. He likes cricket and trekking, and has trekked to Annapurna and Nanda Devi base camps.

  * Jaipur bibliophiles interact with Arjun Shekhar
  * Arjun Shekhar's profile on Goodreads
  * Hindustan Times' review on The Ocean in a Drop
  * Social media page for A Flawed God
  * http://www.sagepub.in/authorDetails.nav?contribId=682928
  * Interview with thehungryreader
  * XLRI
  * Arjun Shekhar on Livemint
  * End of Story? on BookGeeks


Aish, South Brent

Aish.

Aish is a relatively small hamlet in the English county of Devon. It is near the large village of South Brent.

This Aish is not to be confused with the Aish near Stoke Gabriel, in the same district.

Some locals pronounce Aish as Ash.

Services are relatively bleak in Aish, with no shop, pub or anything in that sense; the nearest amenities are in the village of South Brent.

Aish has a very rural setting, almost being a quintessential quiet Devonshire hamlet.

50°25′56″N 3°50′37″W / 50.43222°N 3.84361°W

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aish, South Brent.


Aiseau

Aiseau (Walloon: Åjhô) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Aiseau-Presles, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

It was a separate municipality before the Merger of Commons in 1977.

It borders the Biesme, near its mouth on the Sambre.

  * Postal area: 6250 (old zone: 6268)
  * Province: Hainaut
  * District: Charleroi
  * Hamlets of Aiseau: Menonri (wa: In Mnonri); Oignies (wa: Ougniye), with its béguinage.

Prehistory and history

Traces of human presence date back to prehistoric times. In caves in Parc du Comte de Presles various bones were discovered of Neanderthal man dating back to the Paleolithic Era.

Later, during the Roman Empire, a Gallo-Roman villa was built at the southern end of the village (along Presles Road). A cistern was present. A cemetery was a few hundred meters further north, at the foot of Bois de Broue, along the rue d'Aiseau.

The village itself appeared in the tenth century, at a place called the "Hayettes." A farm was present in 952.

A mansion was built in the center of village. It was enlarged over centuries to be remodeled for the last time in 1721. It was destroyed in 1794 by French revolutionaries. In 1860, the village school took its place. Only part remaining today is the front porch with the arms of the last family that ruled the village, the "Gavre" porch. This building was then used as stables of the castle and by house servants. A few outer walls of the castle can also be seen along the rue du Curé.

Not far away, the "Baudecart Farm" was built as the farm of the Lord of the village. This farm still exists, although changed.

Culture and heritage

Oignies Priory

Main article: Oignies Abbey


Aiseau

Main article: Oignies Abbey

Hugo d'Oignies, the great Mosan goldsmith, worked at Priory Oignies. His work was conserved, which is exceptional. It was hidden in Falisolle during the French Revolution in 1818 and entrusted to the Sisters of Notre Dame in Namur. Today we can admire the largest part of the treasure in the museum the Sisters of Notre-Dame in Namur, the rest is kept in the parishes of Aiseau, Falisolle, Septic, Nivelles and Walcourt as well as Royal Museums of art and History in Brussels and the diocesan Museum of Namur.

Industrial development

Historically, Aiseau was a village dedicated to agriculture, logging, but also to the industry.

As evidence of development, several centuries of iron ore have been discovered. This activity leads to the creation and perpetuation of Forges d'Aiseau, factories located south of the village, along the Biesme. These products were exported around the world, including Mexico. But their location, far from the Sambre and railways, made it impossible to work there. These factories closed in the early twentieth century. Nowadays, the Somville Workshops produce light metals.

Wagons came from Aiseau coal mines. For centuries, coal was mined from various locations on the hillside. Two wells exist, one in Oignies (St. Henry's Well) and the other in Ménonry (the colliery Champfroment). A ventilation shaft was located not far from the place called " l'Etoile" (Star) 50 m behind Somville Workshops. Concrete wells are still visible today.

The production of glass was also occurred in Aiseau through "Glaceries Sainte-Marie d'Oignies". This huge farm was located along the present street Oignies, the along the Sambre. Its fame was international, the windows of the Empire State Building in New York were especially produced there. King Leopold I visited the buildings. While the lower village was laid out accordingly, Abbey Oignies partly destroyed houses built for workers, and the Biesme diverted from its original course.

The factory closed in 1930 due to the global crisis. Today, there are only ruins, found in a park.


Aiseau

In addition to industries Aiseau also owned a chemical plant (opposite the Abbey), a cooperage (near the station), water mills, and others.

World War I

Aiseau, along with whole region, suffered much from the conflict which has always marked the region. The Battle of Charleroi, from 21 to 23 August 1914, was one of the most painful episodes.

On 21 August, the Germans descended on the Sambre, attacked Roselies at Northwest Aiseau. The French, driven from the village, retreated between Menonry, Aiseau-Centre and Presles. During the night of August 21 to 22, against the French counter-attacked and suffered very heavy losses at Roselies. The pantalons rouges fell back again Aiseau and left the village, going in the direction of Presles. At North East Aiseau, on the border with Tamines where other heavy fighting occurred, the Germans broke through the French lines and up the valley of the Sambre towards Le Roux by the Oignies neighborhood. At the height of the "Ferme de la Belle-Motte", during the fighting, there was a rare violence in the woods and surrounding fields. The farm burned and the French had to withdraw on Le Roux and then to Devant-les-Bois.

As in the neighboring villages, in addition to the damage caused by the fighting, German soldiers set fire to dozens of home and shot many villagers. After the war, at a place called Belle-Motte, a Franco-German cemetery was built, called logically "Cemetery Belle-Motte." The soldiers buried around the village and the region, were gathered in the upper part of the village. A few years later, German soldiers were transported to Vladslo Cemetery, near Ypres. 4,057 French soldiers are buried in the cemetery of Belle-Motte. 1182 buried in tombs and 2875 in two ossuaries.

Natural environment

Aiseau offers an impressive variety of natural habitats. In the North, the Sambre and alluvial grasslands allows us to remember that before the passage of the river, it was composed of unbroken meanders. Marshes occupied these places. Today, grasslands remain moist, with much biodiversity. A bank of the Moignelée, a former meander, is also protected.


Aiseau

The slag heap of Champfroment hosts various species of plants that are found further south in Europe.

The Biesme Valley also offers a remarkable diversity of natural habitats and species. In addition to the wealth of fish from the river, it is connected to Oignies ponds, dug by the monks of the Priory. These ponds are a nature reserve.

Still further south, the Biesme digs the valley more deeply. It then enters the "Marlagne" an area along the south of the Sambre several tens of kilometers. At the border of Presles, the river flows through a limestone area which makes the steep valley cliffs bordering the creek. The caves of the valley host bats.

The maximum height difference between Biesme and the top of the valley is about 100 m.

The Condroz is found Southeast of the village.

Demographics

Historical population
Year  Pop.   ±%     Year  Pop.   ±%     Year  Pop.   ±%
1806  1,806  —      1866  1,866  +0.5%  1910  1,910  +0.5%  Year  Pop.   ±%
1816  1,816  +0.6%  1876  1,876  +0.5%  1920  1,920  +0.5%  1970  1,970  +0.5%
1830  1,830  +0.8%  1880  1,880  +0.2%  1930  1,930  +0.5%  1976  1,976  +0.3%
1846  1,846  +0.9%  1890  1,890  +0.5%  1947  1,947  +0.9%
1856  1,856  +0.5%  1900  1,900  +0.5%  1961  1,961  +0.7%

  * Gazetteer Entry

50°25′N 04°35′E / 50.417°N 4.583°E


Aiseki

Aiseki may refer to:

  * Table sharing, common custom in crowded restaurants in Japan and elsewhere
  * Sō Aiseki (僧愛石), late Edo period landscape painter in Japan
  * Track 2 on Miyuki Nakajima's 2001 album Lullaby for the Soul
  * 2010 episode of Japanese cartoon series Queen's Blade


Arthur Southern

Arthur George Heron Southern (26 March 1883 – 5 June 1940) was a British gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the British team, which won the bronze medal in the gymnastics men's team, European system event in 1912.

  * profile at databaseOlympics
  * profile at Sports Reference


Arthur Sprenger

Arthur Sprenger (31 August 1889 – 20 July 1966) was a South African cricketer. He played in eleven first-class matches for Border from 1908/09 to 1923/24.

  * List of Border representative cricketers
  * Arthur Sprenger at ESPNcricinfo


Arthur Sneyers

Arthur Sneyers was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his country at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Sneyers, as crew member on the Belgian 6 Metre Ubu, took 5th place with helmsman A. J. J. Fridt and fellow crew members Ludovic Franck, Frits Mulder and Willy Van Rompaey.

  * "Arthur Sneyers Bio, Stats, and Results". Olympic Sports. Sports-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020
  * Arthur Sneyers at Olympedia


Arthur Somers-Cocks, 6th Baron Somers

Arthur Herbert Tennyson Somers-Cocks, 6th Baron Somers, KCMG, DSO, MC (20 March 1887 – 14 July 1944), was a British Army officer who was the 16th Governor of Victoria, from 1926 to 1931 and Administrator of Australia in 1930-31. He had a long involvement with the Boy Scout Movement and became the Boy Scouts Association's Chief Scout of the British Empire from 1942 until his death.

Early life

Somers was born in Freshwater, Isle of Wight, the eldest son of Herbert Haldane Somers-Cocks and the former Blanche Clogstoun. His godfather was Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Somers' father died when he was seven years old. He succeeded a distant relative as Baron Somers at the age of twelve. He attended Charterhouse School before going on to New College, Oxford.first-class games. In 1904, whilst a schoolboy at Charterhouse, he made 115 against Westminster,Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Worcestershire, scoring 0 and 13.for Worcestershire, his highest score being 52 against Essex in May 1925.

Military career

In 1906, Somers joined the British Army 1st Regiment of Life Guards, later taking leave to farm in Canada before rejoining his regiment in 1914 at the start of the First World War. He commanded the 6th Battalion of the new Tank Corps in 1918. He was twice wounded, mentioned in despatches, awarded the Military Cross, the Distinguished Service Order, and appointed to the French Legion of Honour.

Governor of Victoria and Administrator of Australia

Somers was appointed Governor of Victoria in 1926. He "had charm and natural gaiety which won him popularity ... warm and generous, he had a genuine interest in people, as well as a high sense of duty and leadership ... a shrewd and successful governor".Lord Stonehaven's term as Governor-General of Australia in October 1930, Somers – as the longest serving state governor – was called upon to act as Administrator of Australia until Sir Isaac Isaacs took office in January 1931.

Freemasonry

Somers was initiated as a Freemason into Household Brigade Lodge No.2614 under the United Grand Lodge of England some 18 years before he arrived in Victoria and served as the Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of Victoria between 1927 and 1932.


Arthur Somers-Cocks, 6th Baron Somers

Lord Somers Camp

In 1929, at his own expense, Somers brought together teenage boys from different backgrounds in Australia to what was named Lord Somers Camp which continues to this day.Duke of York's camps in England that operated from 1921 until the start of the Second World War.

Scouting

With the governor-generalship came the honorary position of State Chief Scout of Victoria. Somers was determined to make the role more than a ceremonial one and enthusiatically participated in Scout camps and hikes, insisting on pitching his own tent.Chief Scout of the World, Lord Baden-Powell, met Somers during a tour of Australia and was impressed by his commitment to Scouting.

On Somers' return to Britain, The Boy Scouts Association appointed Somers as its Chief Commissioner in 1932 and then its deputy Chief Scout from 1935 to 1941. Baden-Powell designated Somers as his successor as the association's Chief Scout. Following Baden-Powell's death, the Boy Scouts Association appointed Somers as its Chief Scout of the British Empire in March 1941 until his death in 1944.5th World Scout Jamboree at Vogelenzang in the Netherlands. As Chief Scout, Somers wore his Scout uniform to debates in the House of Lords. In 1941 Somers established a Post War Commission to examine reforms to Scouting that could be implemented once peace had been restored.Baden-Powell House in Kensington.

Other appointments

Somers was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Herefordshire in 1933. From 1940, he was the Red Cross Commissioner for Egypt.

Family

Somers married Daisy Finola Meeking in 1921 and had a daughter:

  * Elizabeth Violet Virginia Somers Cocks (1922–1986), who married Major Benjamin Alexander Frederick Hervey-Bathurst (1920–1997), 2nd son of Sir Frederick Edward William Hervey-Bathurst, 5th Baronet.

Death

During the early 1940s, Somers had been increasingly debilitated by throat cancer. He died at Eastnor Castle on 14 July 1944 and was cremated.St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.


Arthur Somers-Cocks, 6th Baron Somers

* Hazlewood, Rex (1967). "Our Second Chief Scout". The Scout Annual 1967. London: The Boy Scouts Association.
  * Moynihan, Paul, ed. (2006). An Official History of Scouting. London: Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-61398-5.
  * Wilson, J. S. (1959). Scouting Round the World. London: Blandford Press.
  * Arthur Somers-Cocks, 6th Baron Somers at CricketArchive (subscription required)
  * Arthur Somers-Cocks, 6th Baron Somers at ESPNcricinfo
  * "Lord Somers (1887–1944), KCMG, DSO, MC, as Chief Scout [portrait by] Oswald Hornby Joseph Birley (1880–1952)". artuk.org. Public Catalogue Foundation


Arthur Berry

Arthur Berry may refer to:

  * Arthur Berry (playwright) (1925–1994), English playwright, poet, teacher and artist
  * Arthur Berry (footballer) (1888–1953), English amateur footballer
  * Arthur Massey Berry (1888–1970), Canadian bush pilot
  * Arthur Berry (politician) (1879–1943), politician in Manitoba, Canada
  * Arthur Berry (cricketer) (1928–2016), New Zealand cricketer


Arthur Betts

Arthur Betts may refer to:

  * Arthur Betts (cricketer) (1880—1948), Australian cricketer
  * Arthur Betts (footballer, born 1886) (d. 1967), English association footballer for Derby County and Watford
  * Arthur Betts (footballer, born 1917) (d. 1978), professional footballer for Nottingham Forest F.C.


Arthur Bentley

Arthur Bentley may refer to:

  * Arthur F. Bentley (1870–1957), American political scientist and philosopher
  * Arthur Bentley (footballer) (1871–?), English footballer


Arthur Berry (politician)

Arthur Ritchie Berry (November 28, 1879Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1922 to 1936.

Berry was born in Owen Sound, Ontario and came to the Manitou district with his parents as an infant. They later emigrated to North Dakota. In 1895, Berry settled on a Dominion Lands Act homestead in the Umatilla district in the Grandview area. He married Hilda Longmuir in 1910. He worked as a farmer. Berry also served as a member of the Grandview town council.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1922 provincial election, as a candidate of the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM) in the Gilbert Plains constituency.Progressive Party.

Berry was re-elected by a secure majority in the 1927 election. In 1932, the Progressives formed an alliance with the Manitoba Liberal Party, and government members became known as "Liberal-Progressives". Berry was re-elected under this banner in the 1932 campaign,Conservative candidate H.A. Alley by 289 votes. He lost the nomination to G.D. Shortread in 1936.

Throughout his time in the legislature, Berry served as a backbench supporter of John Bracken's government.

He died in the Winnipeg General Hospital after being ill for two weeks.


Ambala railway division

Ambala railway division is one of the five railway divisions under Northern Railway zone ( NR ) of Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 1 July 1987 and its headquarters is located at Ambala in the state of Haryana.

Delhi railway division, Firozpur railway division, Lucknow NR railway division and Moradabad railway division are the other railway divisions under NR Zone headquartered at New Delhi.

History

Main article: NR history

Ambala division came in to existence on 1 July 1987 when 639 km tracks from Delhi Division and 348 km from Firozpur Division were transferred under it and it became completely operational from 15 August 1988. 62% part of it lies in Punjab and the rest in Haryana (Ambala-Yamunanagar and Ambala-Kurukshetra line), Chandigarh and Himachal Pradesh (including UNESCO World Heritage Kalka Shimla Railway), Uttar Pradesh (Ambala-Yamunanagar section of Ambala-Yamunanagar-Saharanpur-Delhi line), and Rajasthan (Patiala-Abhoar-Ganganagar line). It has 141 stations.

List of railway stations and towns

The list includes the stations under the Ambala railway division and their station category.

Category of station  No. of stations  Names of stations
A-1 Category         2                Ambala Cantonment Junction, Chandigarh,

A Category           7                Bathinda Junction, Jagadhri, Kalka, Patiala, Rajpura Junction, Saharanpur Junction, Sirhind, Jakhal Junction

B Category           -                -
C Category           -                -
(Suburban station)

D Category           -                -
E Category           -                -

F Category           -                -
Halt Station
Total                -                -

Stations closed for Passengers -


Adam Koc

Adam Ignacy Koc (31 August 1891 – 3 February 1969) was a Polish politician, MP, soldier, journalist and Freemason. Koc, who had several noms de guerre (Witold, Szlachetny, Adam Krajewski, Adam Warmiński and Witold Warmiński), fought in Polish units in World War I and in the Polish–Soviet War.

In his youth, he was a member of the Revolutionary Association of the Nation's Youth, the Union of Active Struggle and the Riflemen's Association. He then became a commandant of the Polish Military Organisation, first in the Warsaw district, and then its Commandant-in-Chief. Adam Koc was one of the officers of the Polish Legions and a member of so-called Convent of Organisation A.

In the Second Polish Republic, Adam Koc joined the Polish Armed Forces, in December 1919, where he was given command of the 201 Infantry Regiment of Warsaw's Defense, which later became a Volunteer Division (31 July – 3 December 1920). Afterwards, he served in the Ministry of Military Affairs, in different positions. A participant in the May Coup, he was promoted in 1926 to be chief of the Command of VI District of Corps in Lwów, a position he held until 1928.

Considered a member of Piłsudski's colonels group, he was elected to the Sejm three times and once to the Senate. He was also multiple times in office, mostly in financial positions (he was Vice-Minister of Treasury and head of the Bank of Poland). He was one of the negotiators of loans to the Second Polish Republic from the UK and France.

As a Sanational politician, he created the newspaper Gazeta Polska, published from 1929 to 1939. He was editor-in-chief of its Sanational predecessor Głos Prawdy in 1929.

After Piłsudski died in May 1935, Adam Koc joined the people close to Edward Rydz-Śmigły. He became commandant-in-chief of the Association of Polish Legionists.


Adam Koc

In 1936–1937, Koc started co-creating a new political entity, the Camp of National Unity (OZN). He became its head a year later. He was supportive of the idea of OZN's approach towards the radical right National Radical Camp Falanga and right-wing National Democracy.

As World War II started, Koc coordinated the evacuation of the Bank of Poland's gold reserves. He served as Minister of Finance, Trade and Industry for a short period in 1939, before he fled to the United States in 1940. He became one of the active members of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America and died, still in exile, in 1969.

Early life

Adam Koc was born into an aristocratic family from Podlachia. It is possible that the family derived itself from the area near Biała Podlaska.

His grandfather, Leon, was a veteran of the January uprising and mayor of Filipów and Sereje, both near Suwałki, Koc's hometown, while his grandmother, Waleria, was part of the Polish National Government. Adam's father, Włodzimierz (1848–1925) was a teacher of ancient languages. His marriage with Helena (née Pisanko) brought three children: Stefan (1889–1908), Adam Ignacy himself and Leon Wacław, the youngest of them (1892–1954).

After the death of Adam's mother in 1894, his aunt, Elżbieta Pisanko, took care of them. Five years later, the family moved to a rented flat in Suwałki. He started school in 1900 and he attended the Russian Boys' Gymnasium in Suwałki. It is there, most probably,


Adam Koc

During the 1905 revolution he was part of the strike action gymnasium committee. As a result, he and future politician and MP Aleksander Putra were expelled from the school.National Workers' Union, an organisation with close ties with the National Democracy. He continued his education in January 1906 in the newly opened Polish Private Seven-class Trade School in Suwałki (now School Union nr. 4).Kraków, where he attended the Philosophical College of the Jagiellonian University. In order to do so, he had to pass final exams in one of the Kraków's gymnasiums. He did so on 20 June 1912, in then named IV classical gymnasium (now IV Tadeusz Kościuszko Lyceum), located in Podgórze (then a separate city), on quite a low level (mostly, he received a "satisfactory" grade, with only Greek and Latin passed on a "good" one), which was enough, however, to start Polish studies there.

Pro-independence activity (1909–1914)

Main articles: Union of Active Struggle, Polish Military Organisation, and Riflemen's Association

Before World War I

A group of Kraków soldiers from the conspiracy Union of Active Struggle. Adam Koc alias Witold first from left

Koc had been in Kraków for three years when he wrote his Matura exam in 1912. At the time he committed to pro-independence conspiracy organisations,Władysław Studnicki was his mentor, while Aleksander Putra, Bolesław Kunc and Bolesław Dąbrowski were his closest cooperators. In the fall of 1909, Koc joined the newly created Revolutionary Association of Nation's Youth (ZRMN),socialist character. There, Koc received his first pseudonym, Witold. His brother, Leon, joined the organisation in 1911, after Adam introduced him.

Riflemen's Organisation meeting in Lwów. Adam Koc third from left.


Adam Koc

Koc was engaged in the Riflemen's Association, a legal organisation related to ZWC. Initially he was responsible for the financial state of the Kraków branch,Grodno in late May 1910 by Kazimierz Sosnkowski and Józef Piłsudski (where his retired father lived), so as to make a detailed description of the fortress.Aleksander Prystor. It is probable that it was the reason Koc could complete the officer's course, organized by the Union of Active Struggle in Stróża near Limanowa, in Austrian Galicia, in 1912, and therefore promoted to a higher rank in the ZWC a year later. In spring 1914, he passed an exam that gave him an officer's rank in the ZWC and an Officer's Star "Parasol" award.adjutant of the main headquarters of Riflemen's Organisation for the Russian partition affairs, starting from October 1913.

Polish Military Organisation (1914–1919)

On 10 August 1914, Koc came to Warsaw from Druskininkai on the order of Walery Sławek, to take command of the local branch of the Union of Active Struggle in the Russian partition.Congress Poland united under leadership of Karol Rybasiewicz, formerly commandant of the Polish Rifle Squads. Koc became his deputy, and in August 1914, the new body was named the Polish Military Organisation (POW), led by Piłsudski's emissary, Tadeusz Żuliński.sabotage actions behind the Russian army. Koc was one of the members of the Chief Commandment of POW. In addition, Koc commanded the Warsaw district of the organisation from the beginning of 1915. In February 1915 he was advanced to Podporuchik by Żuliński.

Koc desperately wanted to fight Russians on the front, among Piłsudski's Legions, an occasion that could have been possible unless the front stabilized by spring 1915. Then, Żuliński sent him to Piłsudski (then actively in fight) with reports on POW's activity. Normally, such a person could cross the frontline to the 1st Brigade of Polish Legions, but it proved to be impossible. To fulfill the task, Koc had to use the northern route, via Finland and Sweden. Alias Adam Krajewski, Koc left Warsaw on 25 May 1915,


Adam Koc

He arrived in Petrograd, and started to move towards Helsinki, illegally crossing the border between Russia and the Great Duchy of Finland.Aleksander Sulkiewicz. Problems with getting an Austro-Hungary visa, both had to wait for them in Kopenhagen. Having received the documents, Koc arrived in Piotrków Trybunalski (then occupied by the Triple Alliance militia), where he met with Adam Skwarczyński. He then finally reached Annopol, then Piłsudski's headquarters.

Adam Koc as a Legionist

Adam Koc wounded in the battle of Sitowicze, 1916

Polish Legions (1915–1918)

Main article: Polish Legions in World War I

Having completed the task given by Żuliński, he joined the 5th Infantry Regiment, which was part of the 1st Brigade of the Polish Legions.Central Powers countries' occupation of Lublin in summer 1915.

He received a task coinciding with his earlier life experience: supporting the newly summoned Lublin's National Department – an organisation aiming at the propagation of Piłsudski's policies (to counteract the Commandment of Legions, controlled by Central Powers). By doing so, he raised suspicions among the Austro-Hungarian militia, so he was sent to the front line. Koc struggled with pneumonia and malaria, which was aggravated by his sight issues. Koc commented on his state:

While executing my duties, I had some problems, because my sight was weak. I saw nothing at night, whilst the attacks sometimes took place, when we were sent to patrol the areas near the front line. Which was why it was needed to find a deputy soldier who could substitute the weakened sight, while conducting in the dark

— Koc, Adam, "Wspomnienia" [Memories]. Wrocław: Towarzystwo Przyjaciół "Ossolineum", 2005.

On 18 September 1916, Koc was severely wounded in the Battle of Sitowicze, in Volhynia. He was shot near his liver, while on a spy mission. Sulkiewicz was shot dead. Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski cared for him at the battlefield. The wounded Koc was transported to the Legions' clinic in Lublin, and then to Kraków.


Adam Koc

He finished his treatment at the clinic on 31 January 1917. Koc returned to political life in the Legions, where he became one of the founders of the so-called Analphabet Association – a conspirative military organization in the 5th Infantry Regiment supporting Piłsudski's pro-independence policy.piłsudczyk (a supportwe of Piłsudski) who has already been a decent authority in the Legions.

His actions did not remain unnoticed by the Austro-German generals, so Koc was sent to Ostrów Mazowiecka for additional schooling, as a punishment. Additional trouble came to Koc after the oath crisis (9-11 July 1917), when, as one of the officers of the Legions, he was imprisoned at the camp in Beniaminów, while his brother Leon was imprisoned at Szczypiorno (now part of Kalisz).

Polish Military Organisation (1918)

The Kingdom of Poland partition between Austria-Hungary and the German Empire. POW nr. 1 district was located in the cyan part of the map

After he was freed from the prisoner-of-war camp, Koc rejoined the Polish Military Organisation. Jan Zdanowicz-Opieliński, who was then the Main Commandant of POW district number 1 (the one that ruled over the German-occupied territory from its headquarters in Warsaw), convinced the then head of POW, Edward Rydz-Śmigły, to transfer his command to Koc.

As POW's Main Commandant, Koc reorganized his Command, and created fast-moving squads for sabotage actions, on the order of Edward Rydz-Śmigły. He initiated protests against the German police and coordinated POW activity with the Armed Squads of the Polish Socialist Party. His successes increased his authority in the military organisations.

At the same time, Koc substituted for Tadeusz Kasprzycki in the Convent of Organisation A, which was created in summer 1917, as a conspiratorial group of Piłsudski supporters.

As the process of the so-called Lublin government advanced (early November 1918), German-led military councils were organized in Warsaw. Koc initiated the demilitarisation of some part of them.


Adam Koc

On 10 November 1918, together with Prince Zdzislaw Lubomirski, part of the Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland, he welcomed Józef Piłsudski and one of his fellow warriors, Kazimierz Sosnkowski, who returned by train to Warsaw from internment in Magdeburg.Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland could then peacefully enter Warsaw to start governing the newly created Polish Republic.

Polish Army (1918–1930)

Officers of the Polish Armed Forces. Left to right: Bogusław Miedziński, Adam Koc i Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski

Independence (1918–1920)

Even though Koc was busy as Main Commandant, he served as a referent for the I Department (Organisational) of the Polish Armed Forces on the affairs of POW incorporation, until mid-December 1918.Second Department of Polish General Staff. At first, he served in the Intelligence Bureau of the Second Department. He was afterwards directed to the Wojenna Szkoła Sztabu Generalnego (Military School of the General Staff) for additional schooling, from 13 June to 1 December 1919.

Polish Armed Forces officers after the capture of Grodno in September 1920. Adam Koc in the middle, with Virtuti Militari award

Later, on 17 January 1920, by decree of the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces, Józef Piłsudski, Koc was officially accepted in the Polish Armed Forces as a captainVirtuti Militari.

As Koc received the most prestigious military award in Poland, he became secretary of the Temporary Council of the Virtuti Militari AwardUkraine in May until June 1920 to aid Symon Petlura in communication issues and, later on, the POW soldiers who remained alive.

War with Union of Soviet Socialists' Republic (1920)

On 11 June 1920, on the order of the Ministry of Military Affairs, Koc was promoted to lieutenant colonel, together with other Polish Legion officers.Władysław Sikorski's, and then, as the regiment was incorporated into the 22nd Infantry Division, over it as well. All of the militia were created as part of the Volunteer Army, which itself was a result of mobilisation to the Polish Armed Forces.


Adam Koc

At first, in late July, Koc and his regiment were stationed in Suraż near Białystok. The regiment began fighting against Soviet forces. As the regiment was incorporated into the Volunteer Division, Koc continued fighting on the Northern Front. The successes of his army started only after the turning point of the conflict. For example, on 15/16 August 1920, his soldiers took over Nasielsk,Hayk Bzhishkyan, as the Soviet cavalry escaped encirclement.

Soon after, Koc's Division was incorporated into the 3rd Army of Edward Rydz-Śmigły, where Koc participated in the successful attack on Grodno. Part of the 22nd Division took part in Żeligowski's mutiny,

Peace (1921–1925)

As the Polish–Soviet conflict waned, Koc came to Warsaw, where he took a course of informational lectures for higher rank officers, starting from 20 January 1921.

Service in the III Department

As the war officially finished, Piłsudski gave Koc command of the newly summoned III Department of the General Staff for the Preparation of Reserves affairs. His task was to support organizations that were to prepare the population for possible military conflict. The department controlled military education of Polish youth and the reserves.

Koc participated in the International Riflemen's Organisation councils on the behalf of Ministry of Military Affairs.Strzelec, Rząd I Wojsko and Bellona military magazines. These facts resulted in a positive opinion of Koc's work by his boss in the III Department, Colonel Marian Kukiel, but in the highest military circles, namely, of Stanisław Szeptycki, then Minister of Military Affairs.

While serving in the III Department, Koc was part of a conspiracy organisation called "Honor i Ojczyzna" (1921–23), which was to train new soldiers, maintain morale and depoliticise the army's structure.Polish Military Organisation and the Legions, was part of the chapter.

At the time, Koc was writing poetry (alias Adam Warmiński). His book of poetry and prose was published in 1921.

First attempt of Socialist takeover

Koc as colonel


Adam Koc

First attempt of Socialist takeover

Koc as colonel

In mid-December 1922, as Gabriel Narutowicz was assassinated, Koc took part in the Piłsudski's officers meeting in the II Department's headquarters. The meeting aimed at calming the created situation by Piłsudski's military intervention (albeit Piłsudski had no formal power to do so) and, eventually, at taking over power in Poland.Ignacy Matuszewski, Ignacy Borner, Konrad Libicki, Kazimierz Stamirowski and Henryk Floyar-Rajchman) contacted the headquarters of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) in order to organise a general strike, a plan that did not come to life because Ignacy Daszyński refused to cooperate.

Pre-May Coup activity

From 2 November 1923, Koc attended another schooling course in the Wyższa Szkoła Wojenna.Łucjan Żeligowski). Even though he worked at the Army Inspectorate, in addition, he was made head of 5th Legions' Infantry Regiment.

On 1 December 1924, Koc was promoted to colonel, his highest military rank, with 17th place on the list of seniority among Polish infantry.Rembertów (then a separate town).

Koc became a freemason before 1921 demitted on 23 March 1928.

Koc-group

From mid-1924 until winter of 1925, meetings took place in Koc's apartment and in the Mała Ziemiańska cafe on Mazowiecka street in Warsaw. The participators from the piłsudczycy circles (including Józef Beck, Ignacy Matuszewski, Bogusław Miedziński, Kazimierz Stamirowski, Kazimierz Świtalski, Henryk Floyar-Rajchman and the Starzyńscy brothers Roman and Stefan) supported a coup d'état, so the meetings were mostly about preparing for the event. Preparations were interrupted, however, by Piłsudski, in December 1925.May 1926 events.

May Coup and beyond (1926–1930)

May Coup

Main article: May Coup (Poland)


Adam Koc

May Coup

Main article: May Coup (Poland)

On 11 April 1926, Koc began serving as head of the Department for Non-Catholic Religions in the Ministry of Military Affairs. The position had taken him to Warsaw for the month preceding the coup, time Koc used to help Piłsudski organize it.piłsudskiite officers about the upcoming power takeover just before the event. He fulfilled his mission on 11/12 May, he, Anatol Minkowski, Feliks Kwiatek (both lieutenant colonels) and Karol Lilienfeld-Krzewski (major), visited Kazimierz Sawicki, commandant of the 36th Infantry Regiment and contacted Tadeusz Piskor, commandant of the 28th Infantry Division, to signal Piłsudski's readiness for action. While the coup was in process, Koc was most probably negotiating the strike action announcement on the Polish rail service.Stanisław Wojciechowski's location, a fact that upset Piłsudski.

First "sanation" years

After the May coup, he was nominated as Head of Staff of the Commandment of VI Military District in Lwów, on 14 September 1926 (the office he held until 4 March 1928).Marszałek did not explain why and how that happened.Jan Lechoń's behaviour. The editor of Cyrulik Warszawski (Koc was an initiator and an organiser of the comical journal)

After serving in Lwów for 1,5 years, he became Commandant of Infantry Officers Staff. By then, Koc decided to enter the political scene. In effect, Koc retired from military service while serving as an MP.

Political career (1927–1938)

Initial activity

Koc's political career started in 1927 when he took part in the Cabinet of the Head of the Council of Ministers. There, decisions upon Sanation policies were made.Piłsudskiite party.

In the 2nd Sejm convocation, in December 1928, Koc was invited to the Main Awarding Commission of the Cross of Independence (commemorating the 10th anniversary of Polish independence), becoming one of its first recipients.

MP and journalist