2017 Judo Grand Slam Tokyo

Women's events

Event                       Gold                   Silver                        Bronze
Extra-lightweight (−48 kg)  Ami Kondo (JPN)        Mönkhbatyn Urantsetseg (MGL)  Jeong Bo-kyeong (KOR)
Funa Tonaki (JPN)
Half-lightweight (−52 kg)   Uta Abe (JPN)          Rina Tatsukawa (JPN)          Amandine Buchard (FRA)
Ai Shishime (JPN)
Lightweight (−57 kg)        Tsukasa Yoshida (JPN)  Anzu Yamamoto (JPN)           Momo Tamaoki (JPN)
Nae Udaka (JPN)
Half-middleweight (−63 kg)  Miku Tashiro (JPN)     Nami Nabekura (JPN)           Tina Trstenjak (SLO)
Megumi Horikawa (JPN)
Middleweight (−70 kg)       Yoko Ono (JPN)         Chizuru Arai (JPN)            María Pérez (PUR)
Shiho Tanaka (JPN)
Half-heavyweight (−78 kg)   Shori Hamada (JPN)     Guusje Steenhuis (NED)        Ruika Sato (JPN)
Audrey Tcheuméo (FRA)
Heavyweight (+78 kg)        Sarah Asahina (JPN)    Akira Sone (JPN)              Maria Suelen Altheman (BRA)
Kim Min-jeong (KOR)

Source Results

Medal table

* Host nation (Japan)

Rank                  Nation             Gold  Silver  Bronze  Total
1                     Japan (JPN)*       12    7       13      32
2                     Mongolia (MGL)     1     2       1       4
3                     South Korea (KOR)  1     1       4       6
4                     Netherlands (NED)  0     2       1       3
5                     Canada (CAN)       0     1       0       1
Czech Republic (CZE)  0                  1     0       1
7                     Brazil (BRA)       0     0       2       2
France (FRA)          0                  0     2       2
9                     Belgium (BEL)      0     0       1       1
Georgia (GEO)         0                  0     1       1
Hungary (HUN)         0                  0     1       1
Puerto Rico (PUR)     0                  0     1       1
Slovenia (SLO)        0                  0     1       1
Totals (13 entries)   14                 14    28      56

Source:
  * 2017 Judo Grand Slam Tokyo at the International Judo Federation
  * 2017 Judo Grand Slam Tokyo at JudoInside.com
  * 2017 Judo Grand Slam Tokyo at the European Judo Union


Agi Lindegren

August "Agi" Lindegren (December 29, 1858 – 16 November 1927) was a Swedish architect and illustrator.

Biography

Lindegren was born at Hudiksvall in Gävleborg County, Sweden. He studied at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in 1877-82 and at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm in 1882–85. He then traveled to France, Germany and Italy for various periods over four years. In 1885, Lindegren became an architect at the Swedish government agency for the administration of state buildings (Överintendentsämbetet (sv)). In 1894, he was appointed architect at Drottningholm Palace.

Biologiska museet, Stockholm

Among his designs were Biological Museum (Biologiska museet) at Djurgården in Stockholm (1893), Gustaf Vasa Church (Gustaf Vasa kyrka) in the Vasastaden district of Stockholm (1906) and New Church (Ny kyrka) in Värmland (1887-1889). Renovations included Västerås Cathedral (Västerås domkyrka) in Värmland (1896–98) and St. Mary's Church, Sigtuna (1904-05).


Dosseh Attivi

Dosseh Gagnon Attivi (born 7 February 1989) is a Togolese footballer who plays as a defender.

Career

Attivi started his career in the Thai Premier League with Sisaket in 2010.Air Force United till 2012.

Attivi then moved to India where he signed for newly promoted I-League club United Sikkim. He made his debut for the Indian side on 28 October 2012 against Dempo. He came on as a 54th-minute substitute for Sonam Bhutia as United Sikkim lost 1–2.Pune. His 25th-minute strike was not good enough however as the match ended in a 2–2 draw.


The 2001 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Casablanca, Morocco that was part of the Tier V category of the 2001 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 23 July until 29 July 2001. Unseeded Zsófia Gubacsi won the singles title and earned $16,000 first-prize money.

Finals

Singles

Main article: 2001 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem – Singles

[Hungary] Zsófia Gubacsi defeated [Italy] Maria Elena Camerin 1–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–5)

  * It was Gubacsi's only singles title of her career.

Doubles

Main article: 2001 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem – Doubles

[Bulgaria] Lubomira Bacheva / [Sweden] Åsa Carlsson defeated [Spain] María José Martínez Sánchez / [Argentina] María Emilia Salerni 6–3, 6–7(4–7), 6–1

  * ITF tournament edition details Archived 2021-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
  * Tournament draws


Baddeck, and That Sort of Thing

This article is about the book. For the village, see Baddeck, Nova Scotia.

Baddeck, And That Sort of Thing is a travel journal written by Charles Dudley Warner, the American author who co-wrote The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today with Mark Twain.

In 1873, Joseph Twichell invited Warner to accompany him on a trip to Baddeck, Nova Scotia. Warner subsequently wrote an account of this trip, which became Baddeck, And That Sort of Thing.Alexander Graham Bell's decision to build a home in Baddeck.

  * Baddeck, And That Sort of Thing on Project Gutenberg


Anchorage Island

Anchorage Island may refer to:

  * Anchorage Island (Antarctica)
  * Anchorage Island (Cook Islands)
  * Anchorage Island (New Zealand)
  * Anchorage Island (Nunavut), Canada


El Bolsón Airport

El Bolsón Airport (IATA: EHL, ICAO: SAVB) is an airport serving El Bolsón, Río Negro, Argentina.

Airlines and destinations

Airlines  Destinations
LADE      San Carlos de Bariloche

Accidents and incidents

  * 7 August 1977: A LADE Twin Otter 300, tail number T-87, crashed into Cerro Bayo shortly after takeoff from the airport, bound for Comodoro Rivadavia, killing all six aboard.
  * [flag] Argentina portal
  * Aviation portal
  * List of airports in Argentina
  * Airport information for El Bolsón Airport at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF (effective October 2006).


Dormer's bat

Dormer's bat or Dormer's pipistrelle (Scotozous dormeri) is a species of vesper bat. It is the only species in its genus. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Pakistan. Its natural habitats are subtropical and tropical dry forests, arable land, plantations, rural gardens, and urban areas.

The holotype for this species was from the Bellary Hills in Southern India and was collected by James Charlemagne Dormer, after whom it is named.Bat flies found on this species include: Basilia fletcheri.


Asarta alpicolella

Asarta alpicolella is a species of snout moth in the genus Asarta. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1839.France and Switzerland.

The wingspan is 17–19 mm for males and 14–17 mm for females.


Xanthocrambus watsoni

Xanthocrambus watsoni is a species of moth in the family CrambidaeStanisław Błeszyński in 1960. It is found in North Africa, including Morocco and Algeria.


2017 K3 League Basic

The 2017 K3 League Basic was the first season of the K3 League Basic.

The second division of the K3 League was founded in the name of "K3 League Basic" in 2017, and the bottom eight teams of the 2016 K3 League participated in its inaugural season. Newly formed clubs Busan FC and Pyeongtaek G-SMATT also joined it.

After the regular season, champions were promoted to the first division "K3 League Advanced" and four teams from second to fifth-placed team qualified for the promotion playoffs.

Teams

Yeonggwang FC withdrew from the K3 League Basic after becoming one of eignt teams relegated from the K3 League.

Club                      City         Stadium                            Manager
Relegated from K3 League
Buyeo FC                  Buyeo        Buyeo Stadium                      [South Korea] Kang Jeong-hoon
Goyang Citizen            Goyang       Goyang Eoulimnuri ground           [South Korea] Kim Jin-ok
Jungnang Chorus Mustang   Seoul        Jungnang Public Ground             [South Korea] Yoo Bong-ki
Pyeongchang FC            Pyeongchang  Pyeongchang Stadium                [South Korea] Hwang Young-woo
Siheung Citizen           Siheung      Siheung Stadium                    [Spain] Kike Linero
Seoul United              Seoul        Madeul Stadium                     [South Korea] Kim Chang-kyum
FC Uijeongbu              Uijeongbu    Uijeongbu Stadium                  [South Korea] Kim Hee-tae
Newly formed
Busan FC                  Busan        Busan Asiad Supplementary Stadium  [South Korea] ?
Pyeongtaek G-SMATT        Pyeongtaek   Sosabeol Reports Town              [South Korea] ?

League table


2017 K3 League Basic

League table

Pos  Team                            Pld  W   D  L   GF  GA  GD   Pts  Promotion or qualification
1    Jungnang Chorus Mustang (C, P)  16   12  4  0   43  12  +31  40   Promotion to the K3 League Advanced
2    Siheung Citizen                 16   13  0  3   32  17  +15  39   Qualification for the promotion playoffs
3    Pyeongtaek G-SMATT (O, P)       16   8   3  5   38  26  +12  27
4    Buyeo FC                        16   8   3  5   23  18  +5   27
5    FC Uijeongbu                    16   8   0  8   35  25  +10  24
6    Busan FC                        16   6   3  7   34  35  −1   21
7    Pyeongchang FC                  16   5   3  8   27  29  −2   18
8    Goyang Citizen                  16   2   2  12  16  41  −25  8
9    Seoul United                    16   0   2  14  19  64  −45  2

Source: KFA
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored.
(C) Champion; (O) Play-off winner; (P) Promoted

Results

Home \ Away              JCM  CIT   PGS  BUY  UIJ  BUS  PYE  GOY  SU
Jungnang Chorus Mustang  —    5–0   1–1  3–1  2–0  1–1  2–1  4–1  4–0
Siheung Citizen          1–3  —     3–2  1–2  2–0  2–0  1–0  1–0  3–1
Pyeongtaek G-SMATT       1–4  1–2   —    0–0  4–2  4–3  2–1  3–0  4–0
Buyeo FC                 2–2  0–1   3–2  —    0–2  0–1  2–1  0–0  4–1
FC Uijeongbu             0–2  0–2   3–1  1–3  —    6–0  2–1  7–1  4–0
Busan FC                 0–3  1–2   1–2  0–2  2–1  —    2–2  3–1  9–4
Pyeongchang FC           1–1  0–6   1–1  2–1  1–2  0–5  —    2–0  4–0
Goyang Citizen           1–3  2–3   1–5  1–2  1–0  1–2  1–2  —    3–3
Seoul United             1–3  0–2*  1–5  0–1  3–5  4–4  1–7  0–2  —


2017 K3 League Basic

Source: JoinKFA
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

Promotion playoffs

When a match was finished as a draw, its winners were decided on the regular season rankings without extra time and the penalty shoot-out.

  Semi-finals                             Final

  2                   1
  Siheung Citizen

  5                   2
  FC Uijeongbu
  5                   2
  FC Uijeongbu

                      3                   2
                      Pyeongtaek G-SMATT
  3                   3
  Pyeongtaek G-SMATT

  4                   0
  Buyeo FC

  * 2017 in South Korean football
  * 2017 Korean FA Cup


Agia Effimia

Agia Effimia (Greek: Αγία Ευφημία) is a village on the east coast of the island of Kefalonia (also spelled Cephalonia) in Greece. It was the seat of the former Pylaros municipality. It is a traditional fishing village centred on a small harbour. It contains a number of taverns, bars and shops, a traditional wood-fired bakery, as well as tourist accommodation and local residences. The main activity in the village is now centred on tourism. The harbour is popular with sailing holidays, and is the home to flotilla sailing groups. Many of the old buildings in Agia Efimia were destroyed in the 1953 earthquake, although a few original buildings survive. Population is listed as 432.

Media related to Agia Efimia at Wikimedia Commons


Dirlakou

Dirlakou is a town in the Bagré Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the town has a population of 9,717.


2001 Harehills riot

See also: List of riots in Leeds

The Harehills riot took place in the multi-ethnic Leeds district of Harehills (West Yorkshire, England) in 2001. The riot occurred after the alleged wrongful arrest of an Asian man by the West Yorkshire Police which was alleged to have been heavy-handed.Leeds since the Hyde Park riots of 1995.Police Officer involved in the alleged wrongful arrest was questioned, and later cleared of any wrongdoing.

Wrongful arrest allegations

The wrongful arrest allegations involved Hossein Miah, who was arrested over a suspicious tax disc. Miah alleged that the arresting officer pulled him from his vehicle causing him injury. The Police Complaints Authority cleared the officer of any charges relating to the incident, but expressed regret for "any distress which has been caused to either Mr Miah or his family."

Start of rioting

Banstead Park, where the riots began.

Sporadic unrest had already begun in the area when a hoax 999 call was made at 20:25 saying a police officer had been hit by a petrol bomb.washing machines and furniture, looted from a nearby second hand shop. It was in Banstead Park where most of the confrontation took place,Harehills. By the time darkness had fallen the rioting had begun, and continued into the early hours of the following morning.

End of rioting

After over 200 participants spent over seven hours rioting, the police managed to make enough arrests to quell the size of the crowd to a point where it dispersed and the police could regain control.

Damage

The aftermath of the Harehills riots

Over the course of the rioting 26 cars were burnt out,

Aftermath

Many arrests took place following the rioting, local shops were advised only to secure their premises and not to reglaze, as the police feared more rioting would take place, however the riot seemed to be an isolated incident and the violence did not continue beyond 6 June 2001.

Sentencing

On 7 March 2002, nine months after the riots, 25 men were imprisoned after being found guilty of their involvement in the riot.

  * Chapeltown riot (1975)
  * Chapeltown riot (1981)
  * Chapeltown riot (1987)


Blaoui Houari

Blaoui Houari (Arabic: بلاوي الهواري Blawī al-Hwārī; 23 January 1926 – 19 July 2017) was an Algerian singer-songwriter, composer and conductor. Over the course of his career, he recorded over 900 songs and released over 100 albums.

Early life

Blaoui Houari was born on 23 January 1926 in Oran, Western Algeria, then French Algeria.Kwitra.

Career

Houari began his career as a singer-songwriter in the 1940s, when he first played music at weddings and circumcision ceremonies.mandolin and the accordion.Benyekhlef Boutaleb's song Rani M’hayer.Dikrayat Wahran, an album about Oran.

With Ahmed Wahby, Houari co-founded El Asri, a musical style which blended traditional Arab music with Bedouin rhythm and Oranian dialect.Abdelkader El-Khaldi's poems into songs.

During the Algerian War, Houari was arrested by the French army and detained in Sig for his pro-Algerian songs.Expo '70 in Osaka, Japan.

Death and legacy

Houari died on 19 July 2017 in Oran, at the age of 91.

Houari is considered as the "precursor of raï music."Khaled, who covered some of his songs,Houari Benchenet and Cheb Mami.


Anchorage Island, Princess Elizabeth Land

Not to be confused with Anchorage Island (Antarctica).

Anchorage Island is an island about 1 km long and 0.5 km wide, approximately 2 km north-west of Davis Station. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37). Its name comes from the fact that ships arriving to relieve Davis Station used the island as an anchoring point.

It is located close to the Antarctic mainland and is uninhabited. Three crosses are located on the island commemorating Australian expeditioners who have died while at Davis Station.


1924–25 Chelsea F.C. season

The 1924–25 season was Chelsea Football Club's sixteenth competitive season.

Table

     Team
Pos    * v                    Pld  W   D   L   GF  GA  GAv    Pts
       * t
       * e
3    Derby County             42   22  11  9   71  36  1.972  55
4    Portsmouth               42   15  18  9   58  50  1.160  48
5    Chelsea                  42   16  15  11  51  37  1.378  47
6    Wolverhampton Wanderers  42   20  6   16  55  51  1.078  46
7    Southampton              42   13  18  11  40  36  1.111  44

Source:
  * Glanvill, Rick (2006). Chelsea FC: The Official Biography – The Definitive Story of the First 100 Years. Headline Book Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7553-1466-2.
  * Hockings, Ron. 100 Years of The Blues – A Statistical History of Chelsea FC 1905–2006.
  * 1924–25 season at stamford-bridge.com


Dormant Commerce Clause

The Dormant Commerce Clause, or Negative Commerce Clause, in American constitutional law, is a legal doctrine that courts in the United States have inferred from the Commerce Clause in Article I of the US Constitution.protectionism. The Dormant Commerce Clause is used to prohibit state legislation that discriminates against, or unduly burdens, interstate or international commerce. Courts first determine whether a state regulation discriminates on its face against interstate commerce or whether it has the purpose or effect of discriminating against interstate commerce. If the statute is discriminatory, the state has the burden to justify both the local benefits flowing from the statute and to show the state has no other means of advancing the legitimate local purpose.

For example, it is lawful for Michigan to require food labels that specifically identify certain animal parts, if they are present in the product, because the state law applies to food produced in Michigan as well as food imported from other states and foreign countries; the state law would violate the Commerce Clause if it applied only to imported food or if it was otherwise found to favor domestic over imported products. Likewise, California law requires milk sold to contain a certain percentage of milk solids that federal law does not require, which is allowed under the Dormant Commerce Clause doctrine because California's stricter requirements apply equally to California-produced milk and imported milk and so does not discriminate against or inappropriately burden interstate commerce.

The doctrine was initially envisioned by Chief Justice John Marshall in the 1820s.

Origin of the doctrine

[Chief Justice Marshall engraving.]

Chief Justice John Marshall first envisioned the dormant commerce clause doctrine in his 1824 opinion in Gibbons v. Ogden.


Dormant Commerce Clause

The idea that regulation of interstate commerce may to some extent be an exclusive Federal power was discussed even before adoption of the Constitution. On September 15, 1787, the Framers of the Constitution debated in Philadelphia whether to guarantee states the ability to lay duties of tonnage without Congressional interference so that the states could finance the clearing of harbors and the building of lighthouses.James Madison believed that the mere existence of the Commerce Clause would bar states from imposing any duty of tonnage: "[Madison] was more and more convinced that the regulation of Commerce was in its nature indivisible and ought to be wholly under one authority."Roger Sherman disagreed: "The power of the United States to regulate trade being supreme can control interferences of the State regulations when such interferences happen; so that there is no danger to be apprehended from a concurrent jurisdiction."concurrent powers shared by the federal and state governments. Ultimately, the Philadelphia Convention decided upon the present language about duties of tonnage in Article I, Section 10, which says: "No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage ..."

The word "dormant", in connection with the Commerce Clause, originated in dicta of Chief Justice John Marshall. For example, in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden,William Johnson was even more emphatic that the Constitution is "altogether in favor of the exclusive grants to Congress of power over commerce."Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co., Marshall wrote: "We do not think that the [state] act empowering the Black Bird Creek Marsh Company to place a dam across the creek, can, under all the circumstances of the case, be considered as repugnant to the power to regulate commerce in its dormant state, or as being in conflict with any law passed on the subject."


Dormant Commerce Clause

If Marshall was suggesting that the power over interstate commerce is an exclusive federal power, the Dormant Commerce Clause doctrine eventually developed very differently: it treats regulation that does not discriminate against or unduly burden interstate commerce as a concurrent power, rather than an exclusive federal power, and it treats regulation that does so as an exclusive federal power. Thus, the modern doctrine says that congressional power over interstate commerce is somewhat exclusive but "not absolutely exclusive".Cooley v. Board of Wardens, in which Justice Benjamin R. Curtis wrote for the Court: "Either absolutely to affirm, or deny that the nature of this [commerce] power requires exclusive legislation by Congress, is to lose sight of the nature of the subjects of this power, and to assert concerning all of them, what is really applicable but to a part."Reading Railroad v. Pennsylvania.

Effect of the doctrine

Justice Anthony Kennedy has written that: "The central rationale for the rule against discrimination is to prohibit state or municipal laws whose object is local economic protectionism, laws that would excite those jealousies and retaliatory measures the Constitution was designed to prevent."

Thus, in a dormant Commerce Clause case, a court is initially concerned with whether the law facially discriminates against out-of-state actors or has the effect of favoring in-state economic interests over out-of-state interests. Discriminatory laws motivated by "simple economic protectionism" are subject to a "virtually per se rule of invalidity",

On the other hand, when a law is "directed to legitimate local concerns, with effects upon interstate commerce that are only incidental", that is, where other legislative objectives are credibly advanced and there is no patent discrimination against interstate trade, the Court has adopted a much more flexible approach, the general contours of which were outlined in Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.Pike, the Court explained that a state regulation having only "incidental" effects on interstate commerce "will be upheld unless the burden imposed on such commerce is clearly excessive in relation to the putative local benefits".USA Recycling, Inc. v. Town of Babylon, 66 F.3d 1272, 1281 (C.A.2 (N.Y.), 1995), the court explained:


Dormant Commerce Clause

If the state activity constitutes "regulation" of interstate commerce, then the court must proceed to a second inquiry: whether the activity regulates evenhandedly with only "incidental" effects on interstate commerce, or discriminates against interstate commerce. As we use the term here, "discrimination" simply means differential treatment of in-state and out-of-state economic interests that benefits the former and burdens the latter. The party challenging the validity of a state statute or municipal ordinance bears the burden of showing that it discriminates against, or places some burden on, interstate commerce. Hughes v. Oklahoma, 441 U.S. 322, 336, 99 S.Ct. 1727, 1736, 60 L.Ed.2d 250 (1979). If discrimination is established, the burden shifts to the state or local government to show that the local benefits of the statute outweigh its discriminatory effects, and that the state or municipality lacked a nondiscriminatory alternative that could have adequately protected the relevant local interests. If the challenging party cannot show that the statute is discriminatory, then it must demonstrate that the statute places a burden on interstate commerce that "is clearly excessive in relation to the putative local benefits."

State taxation

Over the years, the Supreme Court has consistently held that the language of the Commerce Clause contains a further, negative command prohibiting certain state taxation even when Congress has failed to legislate on the subject.

More recently, in the 2015 case of Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne,without any tax credit for income tax paid to other states. The Court held this sort of double-taxation to be a violation of the dormant Commerce Clause.Antonin Scalia's criticism of the dormant Commerce Clause doctrine by saying that he failed to "explain why, under his interpretation of the Constitution, the Import-Export Clause would not lead to the same result that we reach under the dormant Commerce Clause".


Dormant Commerce Clause

Application of the dormant commerce clause to state taxation is another manifestation of the Court's holdings that the Commerce Clause prevents a State from retreating into economic isolation or jeopardizing the welfare of the Nation as a whole, as it would do if it were free to place burdens on the flow of commerce across its borders that commerce wholly within those borders would not bear. The Court's taxation decisions thus "reflected a central concern of the Framers that was an immediate reason for calling the Constitutional Convention: the conviction that in order to succeed, the new Union would have to avoid the tendencies toward economic Balkanization that had plagued relations among the Colonies and later among the States under the Articles of Confederation."

Formalistic approach

As with the Court's application of the dormant commerce clause to discriminatory regulation, the pre-New Deal Court attempted to apply a formalistic approach to state taxation alleged to interfere with interstate commerce. The history is described in Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Jefferson Lines, Inc., 514 U.S. 175 (1995):

The command has been stated more easily than its object has been attained, however, and the Court's understanding of the dormant Commerce Clause has taken some turns. In its early stages, the Court held the view that interstate commerce was wholly immune from state taxation "in any form", "even though the same amount of tax should be laid on (intrastate) commerce". This position gave way in time to a less uncompromising but formal approach, according to which, for example, the Court would invalidate a state tax levied on gross receipts from interstate commerce, or upon the "freight carried" in interstate commerce, but would allow a tax merely measured by gross receipts from interstate commerce as long as the tax was formally imposed upon franchises, or "'in lieu of all taxes upon (the taxpayer's) property,'" Dissenting from this formal approach in 1927, Justice Stone remarked that it was "too mechanical, too uncertain in its application, and too remote from actualities, to be of value."

Decline of formalism

Accompanying the revolution in approach in the Court's Congressional powers jurisprudence, the New Deal Court began to change its approach to state taxation as well. The Jefferson Lines decision continues:


Dormant Commerce Clause

In 1938, the old formalism began to give way with Justice Stone's opinion in Western Live Stock v. Bureau of Revenue, 303 U.S. 250, which examined New Mexico's franchise tax, measured by gross receipts, as applied to receipts from out-of-state advertisers in a journal produced by taxpayers in New Mexico but circulated both inside and outside the State. Although the assessment could have been sustained solely on prior precedent, Justice Stone added a dash of the pragmatism that, with a brief interlude, has since become our aspiration in this quarter of the law. ... The Court explained that "[i]t was not the purpose of the commerce clause to relieve those engaged in interstate commerce from their just share of state tax burden even though it increases the cost of doing the business."

During the transition period, some taxes were upheld based on a careful review of the actual economic impact of the tax, and other taxes were reviewed based on the kind of tax involved, whether the tax had a nefarious impact on commerce or not. Under this formalistic approach, a tax might be struck down, and then re-passed with exactly the same economic incidence, but under another name, and then withstand review.

The absurdity of this approach was made manifest in the two Railway Express cases. In the first, a tax imposed by the state of Virginia on American business concerns operating within the state was struck down because it was a business privilege tax imposed on the privilege of doing business in interstate commerce. But then, in the second, Virginia revised the wording of its statute to impose a "franchise tax" on "intangible property" in the form of "going concern" value as measured by gross receipts.

The Court upheld the reworded statute as not violative of the prohibition on privilege taxes, even though the impact of the old tax and new were essentially identical. There was no real economic difference between the statutes in Railway Express I and Railway Express II. The Court long since had recognized that interstate commerce may be made to pay its way. Yet under the Spector rule, the economic realities in Railway Express I became irrelevant. The Spector rule (against privilege taxes) had come to operate only as a rule of draftsmanship, and served only to distract the courts and parties from their inquiry into whether the challenged tax produced results forbidden by the Commerce Clause.


Dormant Commerce Clause

The death knell of formalism occurred in Complete Auto Transit, Inc v. Brady, 430 U.S. 274 (1977),

Appellant's attack is based solely on decisions of this Court holding that a tax on the "privilege" of engaging in an activity in the State may not be applied to an activity that is part of interstate commerce. See, e. g., Spector Motor Service v. O'Connor, 340 U.S. 602 (1951); Freeman v. Hewit, 329 U.S. 249 (1946). This rule looks only to the fact that the incidence of the tax is the "privilege of doing business"; it deems irrelevant any consideration of the practical effect of the tax. The rule reflects an underlying philosophy that interstate commerce should enjoy a sort of "free trade" immunity from state taxation.

Complete Auto Transit is the last in a line of cases that gradually rejected a per se approach to state taxation challenges under the commerce clause. In overruling prior decisions which struck down privilege taxes per se, the Court noted the following, in what has become a central component of commerce clause state taxation jurisprudence:

We note again that no claim is made that the activity is not sufficiently connected to the State to justify a tax, or that the tax is not fairly related to benefits provided the taxpayer, or that the tax discriminates against interstate commerce, or that the tax is not fairly apportioned.

These four factors, nexus, relationship to benefits, discrimination, and apportionment, have come to be regarded as the four Complete Auto Transit factors applied repeatedly in subsequent cases. Complete Auto Transit must be recognized as the culmination of the Court's emerging commerce clause approach, not just in taxation, but in all of its aspects. Application of Complete Auto Transit to State taxation remains a highly technical and specialized venture, requiring the application of commerce clause principles to an understanding of specialized tax law.

Taxation of international commerce

In addition to satisfying the four-prong test in Complete Auto Transit, the Supreme Court has held state taxes which burden international commerce cannot create a substantial risk of multiple taxations and must not prevent the federal government from "speaking with one voice when regulating commercial relations with foreign governments".


Dormant Commerce Clause

In Kraft Gen. Foods, Inc. v. Iowa Dept. of Revenue and Finance, 505 U.S. 71 (1992), the Supreme Court considered a case in which Iowa taxed dividends from foreign subsidiaries, without allowing a credit for taxes paid to foreign governments, but not dividends from domestic subsidiaries operating outside Iowa. This differential treatment arose from Iowa's adoption of the definition of "net income" used by the Internal Revenue Service. For federal income tax purposes, dividends from domestic subsidiaries are allowed to be exempted from the parent corporations income to avoid double taxation. The Iowa Supreme Court rejected a Commerce Clause claim because Kraft failed to show "that Iowa businesses receive a commercial advantage over foreign commerce due to Iowa's taxing scheme." Considering an Equal Protection Clause challenge, the Iowa Supreme Court held that the use of the federal government's definitions of income were convenient for the state and was "rationally related to the goal of administrative efficiency". The Supreme Court rejected the notion that administrative convenience was a sufficient defense for subjecting foreign commerce to a higher tax burden than interstate commerce. The Supreme Court held that "a State's preference for domestic commerce over foreign commerce is inconsistent with the Commerce Clause even if the State's own economy is not a direct beneficiary of the discrimination."

Local processing requirements

Discrimination in the flow of interstate commerce has arisen in a variety of contexts. A line of important cases has dealt with local processing requirements. Under the local processing requirement, a municipality seeks to force the local processing of raw materials before they are shipped in interstate commerce.

No local processing preference


Dormant Commerce Clause

No local processing preference

The basic idea of the local processing ordinance was to provide favored access to local processors of locally produced raw materials. Examples of Supreme Court decisions in this vein are set out in its Carbone decision. They include Minnesota v. Barber, 136 U.S. 313, (1890) (striking down a Minnesota statute that required any meat sold within the State, whether originating within or without the State, to be examined by an inspector within the State); Foster-Fountain Packing Co. v. Haydel, 278 U.S. 1 (1928) (striking down a Louisiana statute that forbade shrimp to be exported unless the heads and hulls had first been removed within the State); Johnson v. Haydel, 278 U.S. 16 (1928) (striking down analogous Louisiana statute for oysters); Toomer v. Witsell, 334 U.S. 385 (1948) (striking down South Carolina statute that required shrimp fishermen to unload, pack, and stamp their catch before shipping it to another State); Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc., supra (striking down Arizona statute that required all Arizona-grown cantaloupes to be packaged within the State prior to export); South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke, 467 U.S. 82 (1984) (striking down an Alaska regulation that required all Alaska timber to be processed within the State prior to export). The Court has defined "protectionist" state legislation as "regulatory measures designed to benefit in-state economic interests by burdening out-of-state competitors". New Energy Co. of Indiana v. Limbach, 486 U.S. 269, 273–74 (1988).

Carbone: local processing law benefiting private entity

Main article: C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, New York

In the 1980s, spurred by RCRA's emphasis on comprehensive local planning, many states and municipalities sought to promote investment in more costly disposal technologies, such as waste-to-energy incinerators, state-of-the-art landfills, composting and recycling. Some states and localities sought to promote private investment in these costly technologies by guaranteeing a longterm supply of customers.


Dormant Commerce Clause

Flow control laws typically came in various designs. One common theme was the decision to fund local infrastructure by guaranteeing a minimum volume of business for privately constructed landfills, incinerators, composters or other costly disposal sites. In some locales, choice of the flow control device was driven by state bonding laws, or municipal finance concerns. If a county or other municipality issued general obligation bonds for construction of a costly incinerator, for example, state laws might require a special approval process. If approval could be obtained, the bonds themselves would be counted against governmental credit limitations, or might impact the governmental body's credit rating: in either instance the ability to bond for other purposes might be impaired. But by guaranteeing customers for a privately constructed and financed facility, a private entity could issue its own bonds, privately, on the strength of the public's waste assurance.

The private character of flow control regimens can thus be explained in part by the desire to utilize particular kinds of public financing devices. It can also be explained by significant encouragement at the national level, in national legislation as well as in federal executive policy to achieve environmental objectives utilizing private resources. Ironically, these public-private efforts often took the form of local processing requirements which ultimately ran afoul of the commerce clause.

The Town of Clarkstown had decided that it wanted to promote waste assurance through a local private transfer station. The transfer station would process waste and then forward the waste to the disposal site designated by the town. The ordinance had the following features:

Waste hauling in the Town of Clarkstown was accomplished by private haulers, subject to local regulation. The scheme had the following aspects:

 1. The town promoted the financing of a privately owned transfer station through a waste assurance agreement with the private company. Thus the designated facility was a private company.
 2. The Town of Clarkstown forced private haulers to bring their solid waste for local processing at the designated transfer station, even if the ultimate destination of solid waste was an out-of-state disposal site.
 3. The primary rationale for forcing in-state waste into the designated private transfer station was financial; it was seen as a device to raise revenue to finance the transfer station.


Dormant Commerce Clause

The Town of Clarkstown's ordinance was designed and written right in the teeth of the long line of Supreme Court cases which had historically struck down local processing requirements. In short, it was as if the authors of the ordinance had gone to a treatise on the commerce clause and intentionally chosen a device which had been traditionally prohibited. A long line of Supreme Court case law had struck down local processing requirements when applied to goods or services in interstate commerce. As the Court in Carbone wrote:

We consider a so-called flow control ordinance, which requires all solid waste to be processed at a designated transfer station before leaving the municipality. The avowed purpose of the ordinance is to retain the processing fees charged at the transfer station to amortize the cost of the facility. Because it attains this goal by depriving competitors, including out-of-state firms, of access to a local market, we hold that the flow control ordinance violates the Commerce Clause.

The Court plainly regarded the decision as a relatively unremarkable decision, not a bold stroke. As the Court wrote: "The case decided today, while perhaps a small new chapter in that course of decisions, rests nevertheless upon well-settled principles of our Commerce Clause jurisprudence." And, the Court made it plain, that the problem with Clarkstown's ordinance was that it created a local processing requirement protective of a local private processing company:

In this light, the flow control ordinance is just one more instance of local processing requirements that we long have held invalid ... The essential vice in laws of this sort is that they bar the import of the processing service. Out-of-state meat inspectors, or shrimp hullers, or milk pasteurizers, are deprived of access to local demand for their services. Put another way, the offending local laws hoard a local resource—be it meat, shrimp, or milk—for the benefit of local businesses that treat it. 511 U.S. at 392–393.

United Haulers: local processing law benefiting public entity

Main article: United Haulers Association v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority


Dormant Commerce Clause

The Court's 2007 decision in United Haulers Association v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority starkly illustrates the difference in result when the Court finds that local regulation is not discriminatory. The Court dealt with a flow control regimen quite similar to that considered in Carbone. The "only salient difference is that the laws at issue here require haulers to bring waste to facilities owned and operated by a state-created public benefit corporation." The Court decided that the balancing test should apply, because the regulatory scheme favored the government owned facility, but treated all private facilities equally.

Compelling reasons justify treating these laws differently from laws favoring particular private businesses over their competitors. "Conceptually, of course, any notion of discrimination assumes a comparison of substantially similar entities." General Motors Corp. v. Tracy, 519 U.S. 278 (1997). But States and municipalities are not private businesses—far from it. Unlike private enterprise, government is vested with the responsibility of protecting the health, safety, and welfare of its citizens. . . . These important responsibilities set state and local government apart from a typical private business.

The Court's further explained:

By the 1980s, the Counties confronted what they could credibly call a solid waste "'crisis.'" ... Many local landfills were operating without permits and in violation of state regulations. Sixteen were ordered to close and remediate the surrounding environment, costing the public tens of millions of dollars. These environmental problems culminated in a federal clean-up action against a landfill in Oneida County; the defendants in that case named over local businesses and several municipalities and school districts as third-party defendants The "crisis" extended beyond health and safety concerns. The Counties had an uneasy relationship with local waste management companies, enduring price fixing, pervasive overcharging, and the influence of organized crime. Dramatic price hikes were not uncommon: In 1986, for example, a county contractor doubled its waste disposal rate on six weeks' notice

The Court would not interfere with local government's efforts to solve an important public and safety problem.


Dormant Commerce Clause

The contrary approach of treating public and private entities the same under the dormant Commerce Clause would lead to unprecedented and unbounded interference by the courts with state and local government. The dormant Commerce Clause is not a roving license for federal courts to decide what activities are appropriate for state and local government to undertake, and what activities must be the province of private market competition. In this case, the citizens of Oneida and Herkimer Counties have chosen the government to provide waste management services, with a limited role for the private sector in arranging for transport of waste from the curb to the public facilities. The citizens could have left the entire matter for the private sector, in which case any regulation they undertook could not discriminate against interstate commerce. But it was also open to them to vest responsibility for the matter with their government, and to adopt flow control ordinances to support the government effort. It is not the office of the Commerce Clause to control the decision of the voters on whether government or the private sector should provide waste management services. "The Commerce Clause significantly limits the ability of States and localities to regulate or otherwise burden the flow of interstate commerce, but it does not elevate free trade above all other values."

Health and safety regulation

The history of commerce clause jurisprudence evidences a distinct difference in approach where the state is seeking to exercise its public health and safety powers, on the one hand, as opposed to attempting to regulate the flow of commerce. The exact dividing line between the two interests, the right of states to exercise regulatory control over their public health and safety, and the interest of the national government in unfettered interstate commerce is not always easy to discern. One Court has written as follows:


Dormant Commerce Clause

Not surprisingly, the Court's effort to preserve a national market has, on numerous occasions, come into conflict with the states' traditional power to "legislat[e] on all subjects relating to the health, life, and safety of their citizens." Huron Portland Cement Co. v. City of Detroit, 362 U.S. 440, 443 (1960). On these occasions, the Supreme Court has "struggled (to put it nicely) to develop a set of rules by which we may preserve a national market without needlessly intruding upon the States' police powers, each exercise of which no doubt has some effect on the commerce of the Nation." Camps Newfound/Owatonna v. Town of Harrison, 520 U.S. 564, 596 (1997) (Scalia, J., dissenting) (citing Okla. Tax Comm'n v. Jefferson Lines, 514 U.S. 175, 180–83 (1995)); see generally Boris I. Bittker, Regulation of Interstate and Foreign Commerce § 6.01[A], at 6–5 ("[T]he boundaries of the [State's] off-limits area are, and always have been, enveloped in a haze."). Those rules are "simply stated, if not simply applied." Camps Newfound/Owatonna, 520 U.S. at 596 (Scalia, J., dissenting).

A frequently cited example of the deference afforded to the powers of state and local government may be found in Exxon Corp. v. Maryland, 437 U.S. 117 (1978), where the State of Maryland barred producers of petroleum products from operating retail service stations in the state. "The fact that the burden of a state regulation falls on some interstate companies does not, by itself establish a claim of discrimination against interstate commerce," the Court wrote. The "Clause protects interstate market, not particular interstate firms, from prohibitive or burdensome regulations."


Dormant Commerce Clause

Similarly, in Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co., 449 U.S. 456 (1981) the Court upheld a state law that banned nonreturnable milk containers made of plastic but permitted other nonreturnable milk containers. The Court found that the existence of a burden on out-of-state plastic industry was not 'clearly excessive' in comparison to the state's interest in promoting conservation. And the court continued:

In Exxon, the Court stressed that the Commerce Clause protects the interstate market, not particular interstate firms, from prohibitive or burdensome regulations. A nondiscriminatory regulation serving substantial state purpose is not invalid simply because it causes some business to shift from a predominantly out-of-state industry to a predominantly in-state industry. Only if the burden on interstate commerce clearly outweighs the State's legitimate purpose does such a regulation violate the commerce clause. When a state statute regarding safety matters applies equally to interstate and intrastate commerce, the courts are generally reluctant to invalidate it even if it may have some impact on interstate commerce. In Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines 359 U.S. 520, 524 (1959), the United States Supreme Court stated: 'These safety measures carry a strong presumption of validity when challenged in court. If there are alternative ways of solving a problem, we do not sit to determine which of them is best suited to achieve a valid state objective. Policy decisions are for the state legislature, absent federal entry into the field. Unless we can conclude on the whole record that "the total effect of the law as a safety measure in reducing accidents and casualties is so slight or problematical as not to outweigh the national interest in keeping interstate commerce free from interferences which seriously impede it" we must uphold the statute.

Exceptions

There are two notable exceptions to the dormant Commerce Clause doctrine that can permit state laws or actions that otherwise violate the Dormant Commerce Clause to survive court challenges.

Congressional authorization

The first exception occurs when Congress has legislated on the matter. See Western & Southern Life Ins. v. State Board of California, 451 U.S. 648 (1981). In this case the Dormant Commerce Clause is no longer "dormant" and the issue is a Commerce Clause issue, requiring a determination of whether Congress has approved, preempted, or left untouched the state law at issue.


Dormant Commerce Clause

Market participation exception

The second exception is "market participation exception". This occurs when the state is acting "in the market", like a business or customer, rather than as a "market regulator".

The Supreme Court introduced the market participant doctrine in Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp., 426 U.S. 794 (1976), which upheld a Maryland program that offered bounties to scrap processors to destroy abandoned automobile hulks. See also Wisconsin Dep't of Indus., Labor & Human Relations v. Gould Inc., 475 U.S. 282, 289 (1986); Reeves, Inc. v. Stake, 447 U.S. 429, 437 (1980). Because Maryland required out-of-state processors, but not in-state processors, to submit burdensome documentation to claim their bounties, the state effectively favored in-state processors over out-of-state processors. The Court held that because the state was merely attaching conditions to its expenditure of state funds, the Maryland program affected the market no differently than if Maryland were a private company bidding up the price of auto hulks. Because the state was not "regulating" the market, its economic activity was not subject to the anti-discrimination principles underlying the dormant Commerce Clause—and the state could impose different paperwork burdens on out-of-state processors. "Nothing in the purposes animating the Commerce Clause prohibits a State, in the absence of congressional action, from participating in the market and exercising the right to favor its own citizens over others."

Another important case is White v. Massachusetts Council of Constr. Employers, Inc., in which the Supreme Court held that the City of Boston could require its building contractors to hire at least fifty percent of their workforce from among Boston residents. 460 U.S. at 214–15. Because all of the employees covered by that mandate were "in a substantial if informal sense, 'working for the city,' " Boston was considered to be simply favoring its own residents through the expenditures of municipal funds. The Supreme Court stated, "when a state or local government enters the market as a participant it is not subject to the restraints of the Commerce Clause." Id. at 208. Nothing in the Constitution precludes a local government from hiring a local company precisely because it is local.


Dormant Commerce Clause

Other important cases enunciating the market participation exception principle are Reeves, Inc. v. Stake, 447 U.S. 429 (1980) and South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke, 467 U.S. 82 (1984). The Reeves case outlines the market participation exception test. In this case state-run cement co-ops were allowed to make restrictive rules (e.g. rules not to sell out-of-state). Here, this government-sponsored business was acting restrictively like an individually owned business and this action was held to be constitutional. South-Central Timber is important because it limits the market exception. South-Central Timber holds that the market-participant doctrine is limited in allowing a State to impose burdens on commerce within the market in which it is a participant, but allows it to go no further. The State may not impose conditions that have a substantial regulatory effect outside of that particular market.

The "market participation exception" to the dormant Commerce Clause does not give states unlimited authority to favor local interests, because limits from other laws and Constitutional limits still apply. In United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Camden, 465 U.S. 208 (1984), the city of Camden, New Jersey had passed an ordinance requiring that at least forty percent of the employees of contractors and subcontractors on city projects be Camden residents. The Supreme Court found that while the law was not infirm because of the Dormant Commerce Clause, it violated the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV of the Constitution. Justice Rehnquist's opinion distinguishes the market-participant doctrine from the privileges and immunities doctrine. Similarly, Congress has the power itself under the Commerce Clause to regulate and sanction states acting as "market participants", but it lacks power to legislate in ways that violate Article IV.

In the 21st century, the dormant Commerce Clause has been a frequent legal issue in cases arising under state laws regulating some aspects of Internet activity. Because of the interstate, and often international, nature of Internet communications, state laws addressing internet-related subjects such as spam, online sales or online pornography can often trigger Dormant Commerce Clause issues.

Criticism of the doctrine


Dormant Commerce Clause

Criticism of the doctrine

A "negative" or "dormant" component to the Commerce Clause has been the subject of scholarly discussion for many decades.Antonin ScaliaClarence Thomasoriginalist interpretation of the Constitution—so much so that they believe the doctrine is a "judicial fraud".

A number of earlier Supreme Court justices also expressed dissatisfaction with the dormant Commerce Clause doctrine. For example, Chief Justice Taney said this in 1847:

If it was intended to forbid the States from making any regulations of commerce, it is difficult to account for the omission to prohibit it, when that prohibition has been so carefully and distinctly inserted in relation to other powers ... [T]he legislation of Congress and the States has conformed to this construction from the foundation of the government ... The decisions of this court will also, in my opinion, when carefully examined, be found to sanction the construction I am maintaining.

However, that statement by Taney in 1847 was before the doctrine morphed in the 1851 case of Cooley v. Board of Wardens, in which Justice Benjamin R. Curtis wrote for the Court that the Commerce Clause does not always require "exclusive legislation by Congress".

Puerto Rico

In Trailer Marine Transport Corp. v. Rivera Vázquez, 977 F.2d 1, 7-8 (1st Cir. 1992), the First Circuit held that the dormant Commerce Clause applies to Puerto Rico.


Dormant Commerce Clause

* Commerce Clause
  * Section 2 of the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution, for Court rulings discussing possible Commerce Clause implications.
  * Free movement of goods, an analogous European Union doctrine, which provides that Member States may not create obstacles to trade within the EU
  * Carrubba, C.; Rogers, James R. (2003). "National Judicial Power and the Dormant Commerce Clause". Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization. 19 (2): 543–570. doi:10.1093/jleo/ewg020.
  * Eule, Julian N. (1982). "Laying the Dormant Commerce Clause to Rest". Yale Law Journal. 91 (3): 425–485. doi:10.2307/795926. JSTOR 795926.
  * Redish, Martin H.; Nugent, Shane V. (1987). "The Dormant Commerce Clause and the Constitutional Balance of Federalism". Duke Law Journal. 1987 (4): 569–617. doi:10.2307/1372524. JSTOR 1372524.


Asartodes zapateri

Asartodes zapateri is a species of snout moth in the genus Asartodes. It was described by Ragonot, in 1882,Iberian Peninsula and France.


2001 Greenlandic Men's Football Championship

The 2001 Coca-Cola GM was the 31st edition of the Greenlandic Men's Football Championship. The final round was held in Sisimiut. It was won by Nagdlunguaq-48 for the eighth time in its history.

Qualifying stage

North Greenland

Pos  Team             Pld  W  D  L  GF  GA  GD   Pts  Qualification or relegation
1    FC Malamuk       3    3  0  0  16  5   +11  9    2001 Coca Cola GM Final Round
2    Upernavik BK 83  3    2  0  1  8   9   −1   6
3    Umanak BK 68     3    0  1  2  5   8   −3   1
4    Eqaluk-56        3    0  1  2  5   12  −7   1

Source:

Disko Bay

Pos  Team                     Pld  W  D  L  GF  GA  GD   Pts  Qualification or relegation
1    Kugsak-45                4    3  1  0  18  4   +14  10   2001 Coca Cola GM Final Round
2    Nagdlunguaq-48           4    3  1  0  16  6   +10  10
3    Tupilak-41               4    1  0  3  12  16  −4   3
4    Kangaatsiaq Ippernaq-53  4    1  0  3  7   13  −6   3
5    Disko-76                 4    1  0  3  7   21  −14  3

Source:

Central Greenland

Pos  Team                   Pld  W  D  L  GF  GA  GD   Pts  Qualification or relegation
1    Nuuk IL                5    5  0  0  10  4   +6   15   2001 Coca Cola GM Final Round
2    Siumut Amerdlok Kunuk  5    3  1  1  6   1   +5   10
3    Kagssagssuk Maniitsoq  5    3  1  1  9   5   +4   10
4    B-67 Nuuk              5    2  0  3  7   5   +2   6
5    Niaqornaarsuk-88       5    1  0  4  3   10  −7   3
6    Sisimiut-68            5    0  0  5  6   16  −10  0

Source:

East Greenland

A.T.A.-60 qualified for the South Greenland Round.

South Greenland


South Greenland

Pos  Team                    Pld  W  D  L  GF  GA  GD  Pts  Qualification or relegation
1    Narsaq-85               4    3  0  1  14  6   +8  9    2001 Coca Cola GM Final Round
2    Kissaviarsuk-33         4    2  2  0  11  7   +4  8
3    A.T.A.-60               4    0  3  1  8   10  −2  3
4    Nagtoralik Paamiut      4    0  3  1  7   12  −5  3
5    Siuteroq Nanortalik-43  4    0  2  2  11  16  −5  2

Source:

Final round

Pool 1

Pos  Team                   Pld  W  D  L  GF  GA  GD  Pts  Qualification or relegation
1    Kugsak-45              3    2  1  0  9   4   +5  7    2001 Coca Cola GM Semi-finals
2    FC Malamuk             3    1  2  0  7   6   +1  5
3    Siumut Amerdlok Kunuk  3    1  0  2  4   6   −2  3    2001 Coca Cola GM Fifth Place Match
4    Kissaviarsuk-33        3    0  1  2  5   9   −4  1    2001 Coca Cola GM Seventh Place Match

Source:
FC Malamuk  2–2  Kugsak-45

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
Siumut Amerdlok Kunuk  2–1  Kissaviarsuk-33

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
FC Malamuk  2–1  Siumut Amerdlok Kunuk

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
Kugsak-45  4–1  Kissaviarsuk-33

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
Kugsak-45  3–1  Siumut Amerdlok Kunuk

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
FC Malamuk  3–3  Kissaviarsuk-33

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut

Pool 2


Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut

Pool 2

Pos  Team                   Pld  W  D  L  GF  GA  GD   Pts  Qualification or relegation
1    Nagdlunguaq-48         3    3  0  0  10  1   +9   9    2001 Coca Cola GM Semi-finals
2    Nuuk IL                3    2  0  1  8   5   +3   6
3    Narsaq-85              3    1  0  2  5   4   +1   3    2001 Coca Cola GM Fifth Place Match
4    Kagssagssuk Maniitsoq  3    0  0  3  0   13  −13  0    2001 Coca Cola GM Seventh Place Match

Source:
Kagssagssuk Maniitsoq  0–3  Narsaq-85

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
Nagdlunguaq-48  3–1  Nuuk IL

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
Kagssagssuk Maniitsoq  0–4  Nuuk IL

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
Nagdlunguaq-48  1–0  Narsaq-85

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
Nuuk IL  3–2  Narsaq-85

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
Nagdlunguaq-48  6–0  Kagssagssuk Maniitsoq

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut

Playoffs

Semi-finals

24 August 2001
Kugsak-45  7–1  Nuuk IL

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
24 August 2001
Nagdlunguaq-48  8–0  FC Malamuk

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut

Seventh-place match

24 August 2001
Kissaviarsuk-33  3–5  Kagssagssuk Maniitsoq

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut

Fifth-place match

25 August 2001
Siumut Amerdlok Kunuk  3–0  Narsaq-85

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut

Third place match

25 August 2001
FC Malamuk  2–1  Nuuk IL

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut

Final


Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut

Final

25 August 2001
Nagdlunguaq-48  2–1  Kugsak-45

Sisimiut Stadium, Sisimiut
  * Football in Greenland
  * Football Association of Greenland
  * Greenland national football team
  * Greenlandic Men's Football Championship


Valdiviano

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Charquicán

Valdiviano, as well as referring to inhabitants of Valdivia, Chile, is a Chilean dish, consisting of a soup made with charqui (jerky) and onions.

History

In 1598, after the Disaster of Curalaba where the Spanish conquistadors lost almost half their territory in what was then the province of Chile, the city of Valdivia remained as one of the last Spanish strongholds. The soldiers isolated there were supplied with large amounts of jerky produced in central Chile. Tired of eating jerky, the soldiers created this dish, combining jerky with a few other ingredients to create the Valdiviano soup.

Ingredients

Charqui, cooking oil, onions, parsley, oregano, cumin, chilli.

Variations

Modern versions replace charqui for minced meat, similar to the preparation of Charquicán, or leftover pieces of meat from a barbecue.

  * [icon] Food portal
  * Chilean Cuisine
  * Valdivia, Chile
  * Disaster of Curalaba
  * Charquicán
  * Chilean food


Agia Marina

Agia Marina may refer to several locations:

In Greece:

  * Agia Marina, Achaea, in the municipal unit Tritaia, Achaea
  * Agia Marina, Crete, near Chania, Crete
  * Agia Marina, Elis, in Elis
  * Agia Marina, Kavala, in Kavala (regional unit)
  * Agia Marina, Leros, in Leros, Aegean Islands
  * Agia Marina, Zakynthos, on Zakynthos, Ionian Islands
  * Agia Marina, Kasos, on Kasos, Dodecanese

In Cyprus:

  * Agia Marina (Skylloura), in Northern Cyprus
  * Agia Marina, Nicosia, in Nicosia District
  * Ayia Marina Khrysokhous, in Paphos District, north of Polis
  * Ayia Marina Kelokedharon, in Paphos District, northeast of Paphos

Ships

  * SS Agia Marina, a Hansa A Type cargo ship in service 1966-67
  * Saint Marina (disambiguation)


Dirkou Airport

Dirkou Airport (ICAO: DRZD) is an airport serving the isolated Saharan outpost of Dirkou, Niger. It is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of the city center. In early 2018 the airport saw extensive expansion during construction of a base for Central Intelligence Agency drone operations.

  * Aviation portal
  * Transport in Niger
  * List of airports in Niger
  * OurAirports - Niger
  * Great Circle Mapper - Dirkou
  * Dirkou Airport
  * Google Earth


2001 Harrah's 500

2001 Harrah's 500 may refer to;

  * 2001 Harrah's 500 (CART)
  * 2001 Harrah's 500 (NASCAR)


Blanzy

Blanzy (French pronunciation: [blɑ̃zi]) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Geography

The Bourbince forms part of the commune's northeastern border, then flows southwest through the middle of the commune.

Population

Historical population
Year           Pop.   ±% p.a.
1968           4,470  —
1975           4,975  +1.54%
1982           6,739  +4.43%
1990           7,642  +1.58%
1999           7,070  −0.86%
2007           6,771  −0.54%
2012           6,481  −0.87%
2017           6,146  −1.06%
Source: INSEE

  * Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blanzy.


Anvil Green

Anvil Green is a small settlement located near Waltham in Kent, England, about nine miles (14.4 km) north east of Ashford.

Media related to Anvil Green at Wikimedia Commons

51°12′25″N 1°0′57″E / 51.20694°N 1.01583°E


1924 in organized crime

Events

  * Joseph Amato takes over as head of the Milwaukee crime family, a subordinate family to the Chicago Outfit
  * Thomas Joseph McGinty, a Cleveland bootlegger and fight promoter, is indicted with two other family members by a federal grand jury and charged with operating "a gigantic wholesale and retail conspiracy" through his saloon. After serving eighteen months at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, he resumes his bootlegging activities.
  * Walter Stevens, a long-time Chicago gangster and labor slugger credited with the deaths of over 60 men, retires as a gunman for the Torrio-Capone organization where he lives peacefully until his death in 1939.
  * Joseph Bonanno, future founder of the Bonanno crime family, arrives in New York from Sicily.
  * A tong war breaks out between the On Leong and Hip Sing tongs after several members of the On Leongs defect to the Hip Sings with a large amount of money.
  * April 1 – Frank Capone, brother of Al Capone, is killed by police during the fighting which broke out while leading around 200 gunmen into Cicero, Illinois during the 1924 Chicago Elections in support of Mafia backed Republican politicians.
  * November 10 – Chicago North Side Gang leader Dean O'Banion is killed when three unidentified men enter his flower shop and shoot him several times. This begins a five-year gang war between the North Side Gang, under Hymie Weiss, against Al Capone's Chicago Outfit that would end with the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, in 1929.

Births

  * April 2 – Vito Ciancimino, Sicilian mobster and Palermo mayor
  * April 21 – Philip Testa "The Chicken Man", Philadelphia crime family boss
  * May 12 – Michele Greco "The Pope", Sicilian Mafia boss

Deaths

  * April 1 – Frank Capone, Chicago Outfit member
  * September 7 – Jerry O'Connor, Southside O'Donnell gunman
  * November 10 – Dean O'Banion, North Side Gang leader


2,3,5,7-Tetrahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione

2,3,5,7-Tetraahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione, also called 2,3,5,7-tetrahydroxynaphthoquinone or spinochrome B, is an organic compound with formula C
10H
6O
4, formally derived from 1,4-naphthoquinone through the replacement of four hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl (OH) groups.

Spinochrome B occurs naturally as pigment in the shell and spines of sea urchins such as the Japanese dull red species aka-uni (Pseudocentrotus depressus), the greenish-black murasaki-uni (Heliocidaris crassispina), and the brown bafun-uni (Strongylocentrotus pulcherrimus).methanol and crystallizes as bright red needles that sublime above 200 °C.

The compound gives a greenish yellow solution when treated with sodium hydroxide, a green solution with ferric chloride, and a green precipitate with lead acetate. It forms a fourfold acetate ester, C
10H
2O
2(CH
3COO)4, that crystallizes from methanol as yellow needles that melt at 157 °C.

  * Hexahydroxynaphthoquinone (spinochrome E)
  * 2,3,5,6,8-Pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione (spinochrome D)


Asashina, Nagano

Asashina (浅科村, Asashina-mura) was a village located in Kitasaku District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 6,423 and a density of 329.05 persons per km². The total area was 19.52 km².

History

  * May 30, 1876 The village of Shionada absorbed the village of Ichizaemonshinden in Saku District.
  * c. 1879 Kitasaku District government enforced. The villages of Shionada, Mimayose, Gorobēshinden, Yawata, Yomogita, Kuwayama, and Yashima belongs to Kitasaku District.
  * April 1, 1889 The city, town, and village status enforced.
      + The villages of Shionada and Mimayose merged to form the village of Nakatsu.
      + The villages of Yawata, Yomogita, Kuwayama and Yashima merged to form the village of Minamimimaki.
  * January 15, 1955 The villages of Nakatsu, Gorobēshinden and Minamimimaki merged to form the village of Asashina.
  * April 1, 2005 Asashina, along with the town of Usuda (from Minamisaku District), and the town of Mochizuki (also from Kitasaku District), was merged into the expanded city of Saku.

Sightseeing

  * Shionada-shuku
  * Michi-no-Eki Hotpark Asashina
  * [Hotpark Asashina]
    Hotpark Asashina
  * Asashina Shōkōkai (in Japanese)


2001 Guam Men's Soccer League

Statistics of Guam League in the 2001 season.

Overview

Staywell Zoom won the championship.

  * RSSSF


Çulhan, Yenipazar

Çulhan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yenipazar, Aydın Province, Turkey.


Agia Eirini, Chania

Agia Eirini (Αγία Ειρήνη) is a small community in Western Crete, population 80 (2011 census).Chania regional unit which constitutes the western part of Crete. It is in the municipality of Kantanos-Selino, which forms the southwest part of the region, specifically the East Selino unit, and the community of Epanochori.

Description

The importance of Agia Eirini lies in that constitutes the north end of the gorge that takes its name from this village. The gorge is popular with trekkers, bringing tourists north from the beach resort of Sougia where it ends. The valley itself continues some distance north of the village to the watershed dividing north and southern Crete. After pausing at Agia Eirini, the walk continues east to Omalos.

The village lies on the road from Chania to Sougia, 40 km south of Chania at an altitude of 650m, located at the foot of Apopigadi, south of Prases (in neighbouring Mousouroi, Platanias) on the north side of the pass, just past where the road branches east to Omalos at the wind turbine line on the ridge, and just north of Epanochori itself. Agia Eirini is nested between two smaller settlements, Koulouridiana to the north and Livadhaki to the south. The inhabitants are engaged in farming. Local produce includes chestnuts, honey and mournoraki (μουρνόρακη), a local drink.

  * Wikimapia: Agia Eirini The + marks the entrance to the gorge
  * Mapcarta: Agia Eirini
  * GTP: Agia Irini


Dirk van den Berg

Not to be confused with Dirk van der Berg, Dirk van der Borg, or Dirk van der Burg.

Dirk van den Berg

Dirk van den Berg (born May 10, 1966, in Düsseldorf) is a German film director and producer with international experience, known for creative documentaries about urgent issues in the Middle East and Africa.

Biography

A director / writer / producer with vast international experience, DIRK VAN DEN BERG specializes in complex subjects from difficult territories that have an impact on the world.

For almost 25 years, Dirk lived in Rome, Italy where he graduated at the National Academy of Film and Drama, and at Rome University in Media Sciences. Connecting music and drama, he worked as an opera director, started directing and writing feature films, television and documentaries. At the same time, he participated in a growing number of international films as a line-, associate- and executive producer.

Dirk's 2019 international feature "1979 BIG BANG OF THE PRESENT" is roller-coaster documentary about the pivotal events and protagonists that in 1979 gave birth to our present time. The film was co-produced by Dirk's OUTREMER FILM and Pascal Verroust's Paris-based K2 PRODUCTIONS, and co-financed by ARTE, RBB, TVP Poland, ORF and NRK. It is already distributed in more than two dozen countries by Cologne-based world-sales NEW DOCS.

In 2018 Dirk directed the critically acclaimed investigative documentary "1979 THE SIEGE OF MECCA". Five years in the making, "MECCA" dives into Arabia's darkest secret and greatest taboo: the hijacking of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Islam's holiest shrine, that ultimately marked the beginning of religiously motivated Islamist terrorism as we know it today. Produced jointly by OUTREMER FILM and K2-PRODUCTIONS, the film is supported by ARTE France, NDR, WDR, HR, RBB, ORF, FFHSH Hamburg Film Found and INA France; PBS International handles world sales.

Other films Dirk produced in recent years are: "JAMMING ADDIS", "GUZO - THE ORIGIN OF MUSIC", and "KASHMIR - INDIA'S CROWN JEWEL".

Filmography (selection)


Dirk van den Berg

Filmography (selection)

  * 1979 Big Bang of the Present (2019), co-director & coproducer (with Pascal Verroust)
  * The Siege of Mecca (2018), director & coproducer
  * Jamming Addis (2013), director & producer
  * The Last Princess of Mir (2012), director & coproducer
  * My Daughter Anne Frank (2014), line producer, director: Raymond Ley
  * The Great War Diary (2013), creative producer, 4/8x52' internationally co-produced series

Awards

  * 1993

  * Dirk van den Berg at IMDb
  * Official website
  * Crew United
  * OutreMer Film


Whitewater Dyke

Whitewater Dyke, in relation to the Great Stour and other Rivers of Kent

Whitewater Dyke is a tributary of the Great Stour river, joining with the East Stour and then the Great Stour at Pledge's Mill at the bottom of East Hill in Ashford, Kent, England.

The stream runs from its source near Shadoxhurst, 5.6 kilometres, to the East Stour in Willesborough.

51°08′02″N 0°52′20″E / 51.1338°N 0.8722°E


Bobby Holmes

For other people with the same name, see Robert Holmes.

Bobby Holmes (born 25 July 1932) is a Scottish former football player, who played for St Mirren in the Scottish Football League. Holmes was forced to retire in 1959 due to injury.

Holmes played once for the Scottish Football League XI, in 1957.

  * Bobby Holmes at Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Database


Acetofilamentum

Acetofilamentum is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteria).

Etymology

The name Acetofilamentum derives from:
Latin noun acetum, vinegar; Latin neuter gender noun filamentum, a spun thread; Neo-Latin neuter gender noun Acetofilamentum, an acetate-producing, filamentous, threadlike bacterium.

Species

The genus contains single species,A. rigidum ( Dietrich et al. 1989, (Type species of the genus).; Latin neuter gender adjective rigidum, stiff, rigid.)

  * Bacterial taxonomy
  * Microbiology


2009 Albirex Niigata season

The 2009 Albirex Niigata season is Albirex Niigata's sixth consecutive season in J. League Division 1. It also includes the 2009 J. League Cup, and the 2009 Emperor's Cup.

Competitions

J. League

Main article: 2009 J.League Division 1

League table

     Team
Pos    * v                Pld  W   D   L   GF  GA  GD   Pts
       * t
       * e
6    Urawa Red Diamonds   34   16  4   14  43  43  0    52
7    Shimizu S-Pulse      34   13  12  9   44  41  +3   51
8    Albirex Niigata      34   13  11  10  42  31  +11  50
9    Nagoya Grampus       34   14  8   12  46  42  +4   50
10   Yokohama F. Marinos  34   11  13  10  43  37  +6   46

Updated to match(es) played on December 5, 2009. Source: J.League Division 1
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.

Results summary

Overall  Home  Away
Pld      W     D     L   GF  GA  GD   Pts  W  D  L  GF  GA  GD  W  D  L  GF  GA  GD
34       13    11    10  42  31  +11  50   4  8  5  22  22  0   9  3  5  20  9   +11

Last updated: 1 February 2012.
Source: "J. League". Archived from the original on 2013-03-16

Results by round

Round     1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34
Ground    A  H  A  H  A  H  A  H  A  H   A   H   H   A   H   A   H   A   H   H   A   H   H   A   A   H   A   A   H   A   A   H   A   H
Result    W  W  D  W  L  D  W  D  L  D   W   W   L   W   W   W   D   D   D   D   D   L   L   L   W   D   W   W   L   L   W   L   L   D
Position  2  2  1  1  3  3  2  3  6  5   4   3   3   2   2   2   3   3   2   3   3   3   5   6   6   6   5   5   5   6   5   7   8   8

Source: "J. League". Archived from the original on 2013-03-16
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

J. League Cup


2009 Albirex Niigata season

J. League Cup

Main article: 2009 J. League Cup

Group stage

25 March 2009 1  Omiya Ardija   2 – 1   Albirex Niigata  Saitama
19:00 JST        Neretljak 24'  Report  58' Gilton       Stadium: NACK5 Stadium
                 Ishihara 82'                            Attendance: 5,435

29 March 2009 2  Albirex Niigata  0 – 0   Júbilo Iwata  Niigata
14:00 JST                         Report                Stadium: Big Swan
                                                        Attendance: 20,162

30 May 2009 4  Urawa Reds     2 – 0   Albirex Niigata  Saitama
15:01 JST      Nishizawa 28'  Report                   Stadium: Saitama Stadium
               Escudero 56'                            Attendance: 27,446

3 June 2009 5  Albirex Niigata  0 – 3   Yokohama F. Marinos                    Niigata
                                        38' Hyodo                              Stadium: Big Swan
19:00 JST                       Report  45' Chima                              Attendance: 19,011
                                        77' Yūsuke Tanaka (football defender)

7 June 2009 6  Sanfrecce Hiroshima  5 – 1   Albirex Niigata  Hiroshima
               Takayanagi 7'
               Nakajima 13'                                  Stadium: Big Arch
13:00 JST      Kashiwagi 44'        Report  4' Matsushita    Attendance: 9473
               Satō 72'
               Osaki 86'

13 June 2009 7  Albirex Niigata  1 – 2   Oita Trinita  Niigata
14:00 JST       Matsushita 44'   Report  00' Umeda     Stadium: Big Swan
                                         73' Edmilson  Attendance: 20,560

Emperor's Cup

Main article: 2009 Emperor's Cup
10 October 2009 2nd round  Nara Club  0 – 3   Albirex Niigata         Sakai
                                              Everton Santos 6', 15'  Stadium: Techno Port
13:00 JST                             Report  Yano 43'                Attendance: 3,865
                                                                      Referee: Jouji Kashihara

31 October 2009 3rd round  Albirex Niigata       3 – 1   Yokohama FC  Niigata
                           Matsuo 17'                                 Stadium: Big Swan
19:00 JST                  Yano 28'              Report  8' Namba     Attendance: 7,733
                           Marcio Richardes 89'                       Referee: Takuto Okabe


2009 Albirex Niigata season

15 November 2009 4th round  Meiji University  1 – 3   Albirex Niigata  Tendō
                                                      16'Oshima        Stadium: ND Soft Stadium
13:00 JST                   Yamamoto 46'      Report  40', 64' Yano    Attendance: 3,313
                                                                       Referee: Junpei Iida

12 December 2009 Quarterfinal  Shimizu S-Pulse  3 – 2 (a.e.t.)  Albirex Niigata        Shizuoka
                               Okazaki 12'                      Matsushita 16' (pen.)  Stadium: Nihondaira Stadium
13:00 JST                      Johnsen 86'      Report          Yano 88'               Attendance: 7,905
                               Kodama 104'                                             Referee: Hajime Matsuo

Players

First team squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


2009 Albirex Niigata season

No.  Pos.  Nation        Player                No.  Pos.  Nation             Player
1    GK    [Japan] JPN   Takashi Kitano        16   FW    [Japan] JPN        Hideo Ōshima
2    DF    [Japan] JPN   Hiroshi Nakano        17   DF    [Japan] JPN        Jun Uchida
3    MF    [Japan] JPN   Kazuhiko Chiba        18   FW    [Japan] JPN        Kengo Kawamata
4    MF    [Japan] JPN   Jun Marques Davidson  19   MF    [Japan] JPN        Kazuya Myodo
5    DF    [Japan] JPN   Mitsuru Chiyotanda    20   FW    [South Korea] KOR  Cho Young-Cheol
6    DF    [Japan] JPN   Mitsuru Nagata        21   GK    [Japan] JPN        Masaaki Higashiguchi
7    MF    [Japan] JPN   Toshihiro Matsushita  22   GK    [Japan] JPN        Takaya Kurokawa
8    FW    [Brazil] BRA  Everton Santos        23   MF    [Japan] JPN        Atomu Tanaka
9    FW    [Brazil] BRA  Pedro Júnior          24   MF    [Japan] JPN        Gotoku Sakai
10   MF    [Brazil] BRA  Marcio Richardes      25   DF    [Japan] JPN        Kazunari Ono
11   FW    [Japan] JPN   Kisho Yano            26   DF    [Japan] JPN        Daisuke Suzuki
13   MF    [Japan] JPN   Fumiya Kogure         27   MF    [Japan] JPN        Hidetoshi Nakata
14   MF    [Japan] JPN   Yuta Mikado           28   DF    [Japan] JPN        Naoto Matsuo
15   MF    [Japan] JPN   Isao Homma            29   DF    [Brazil] BRA       Gilton
                                               30   MF    [Japan] JPN        Musashi Okuyama

* Players in bold have senior international caps.

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.  Pos.  Nation             Player
—    DF    [New Zealand] NZL  Michael Fitzgerald (to Japan Soccer College)
—    FW    [Japan] JPN        Kazuhisa Kawahara (to Tochigi S.C.)
—    FW    [Brazil] BRA       Bruno Castanheira (to Machida Zelvia)

Starting XI


2009 Albirex Niigata season

Starting XI

Last updated on 3 February 2012. No.  Pos.  Nat.      Name                  MS  Notes
1    GK    [Japan]   Takashi Kitano        34
17   RB    [Japan]   Jun Uchida            32
5    CB    [Japan]   Mitsuru Chiyotanda    33
6    CB    [Japan]   Mitsuru Nagata        33
29   LB    [Brazil]  Gilton                21  Hiroshi Nakano had 6 starts
15   DM    [Japan]   Isao Homma            32
10   RM    [Brazil]  Marcio Richardes      29
7    LM    [Japan]   Toshihiro Matsushita  32
11   RW    [Japan]   Kisho Yano            33
16   CF    [Japan]   Hideo Ōshima          33
9    LW    [Brazil]  Pedro Júnior          21

Player statistics


2009 Albirex Niigata season

No.   Pos.   Player                D.o.B. (Age)                  J. League 1  Emperor's Cup  J. League Cup  Total
Apps  Goals  Apps                  Goals                         Apps         Goals          Apps           Goals
1     GK     Takashi Kitano        October 4, 1982 (aged 26)     34           0              4              0      4  0  42  0
2     DF     Hiroshi Nakano        October 23, 1983 (aged 25)    8            0              1              0      2  0  11  0
3     MF     Kazuhiko Chiba        June 21, 1985 (aged 23)       13           0              2              0      2  0  17  0
4     MF     Jun Marques Davidson  June 7, 1983 (aged 25)        8            0              0              0      2  0  10  0
5     DF     Mitsuru Chiyotanda    June 1, 1980 (aged 28)        33           1              3              0      5  0  41  1
6     DF     Mitsuru Nagata        April 6, 1983 (aged 25)       33           0              2              0      6  0  42  0
7     MF     Toshihiro Matsushita  October 17, 1983 (aged 25)    34           4              3              1      6  2  43  7
8     FW     Éverton Santos        October 14, 1986 (aged 22)    11           0              2              2      0  0  13  2
9     FW     Pedro Júnior          January 29, 1987 (aged 22)    21           10             0              0      3  0  24  10
10    MF     Marcio Richardes      November 30, 1981 (aged 27)   29           10             3              1      5  0  37  11
11    FW     Kisho Yano            April 5, 1984 (aged 24)       33           8              4              5      1  0  38  13
13    MF     Fumiya Kogure         June 28, 1989 (aged 19)       3            0              1              0      4  0  8   0
14    MF     Yuta Mikado           December 26, 1986 (aged 22)   8            0              4              0      1  0  13  0
15    MF     Isao Homma            April 19, 1981 (aged 27)      32           0              4              0      6  0  42  0
16    FW     Hideo Ōshima          March 7, 1980 (aged 29)       33           4              4              1      6  0  43  5
17    DF     Jun Uchida            October 14, 1977 (aged 31)    32           0              3              0      3  0  38  0
18    FW     Kengo Kawamata        October 14, 1989 (aged 19)    1            0              0              0      1  0  2   0


2009 Albirex Niigata season

19    MF     Kazuya Myodo          April 4, 1986 (aged 22)       0            0              0              0      0  0  0   0
20    FW     Cho Young-Cheol       May 31, 1989 (aged 19)        25           1              3              0      6  0  34  1
21    GK     Masaaki Higashiguchi  May 12, 1986 (aged 22)        0            0              0              0      1  0  1   0
22    GK     Takaya Kurokawa       April 7, 1981 (aged 27)       0            0              0              0      1  0  1   0
23    MF     Atomu Tanaka          October 4, 1987 (aged 21)     5            0              2              0      3  0  10  0
24    DF     Gotoku Sakai          March 14, 1991 (aged 17)      18           0              1              0      4  0  23  0
25    DF     Kazunari Ono          August 4, 1989 (aged 19)      0            0              0              0      1  0  1   0
26    DF     Daisuke Suzuki        January 29, 1990 (aged 19)    0            0              1              0      0  0  1   0
27    FW     Bruno Castanheira     May 20, 1990 (aged 18)        0            0              0              0      0  0  0   0
28    DF     Naoto Matsuo          September 10, 1979 (aged 29)  13           1              2              0      5  0  20  1
29    DF     Gilton Ribeiro        March 25, 1989 (aged 19)      25           2              3              0      4  1  32  3


2009 Albirex Niigata season

* (in Japanese) J. League official site


2,3-Dichlorophenol

2,3-Dichlorophenol (2,3-DCP) is a chlorinated derivative of phenol with the molecular formula Cl2C6H3OH.

Cited sources

  * Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 9781498754293.


Asarum asperum

Asarum asperum is a species of flowering plant in the pipevine family, Aristolochiaceae. It is endemic to Japan, where it is found on Shikoku and in the western regions of Honshu.Kyoto and Nara.

It is a perennial that produces thick evergreen leaves, which are ovate-orbicular and have a subhastate base.forest floor, where it often grows co-occurs with Ainsliaea cordifolia, with which it bears a resemblance.

  * [Detail of flowers]
    Detail of flowers


Whitewater, Montana

Whitewater is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Phillips County, Montana, United States. Its population was 64 as of the 2010 census.post office with ZIP code 59544.

In 1927, the town moved about 7 miles west to be on the new Great Northern Railway branch line.

Demographics

Historical population
Census                 Pop.  Note  %±
2020                   75          —
U.S. Decennial Census

Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Whitewater has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

Education

Whitewater School District educates students from kindergarten through 12th grade.Whitewater High School's team name is the Penguins.


Çukuröz, Bayat

Çukuröz is a village in the Bayat District of Çorum Province in Turkey.


Agia Paraskevi, Florina

Agia Paraskevi (Greek: Αγία Παρασκευή, Bulgarian/Macedonian: Света Петка: Sveta Petka, Sveta Petka)Florina regional unit, Western Macedonia, Greece. The village of Agia Paraskevi is one of several border villages along the frontier of Greece and North Macedonia with a Slavophone population.Kato Kleines, Polyplatanos and Niki.

Demographics

Agia Paraskevi had 231 inhabitants in 1981.Slavophones.Macedonian language was spoken by people over 60, mainly in private.

Culture

Churches

Agia Paraskevi has three churches. The oldest house of worship was the chapel of Agia Paraskevi (Sveta Petka) built in 1570 and was a Holy church of the area. In 1827, it was torched and destroyed by Ottoman TurksSaint Nikola(s) was built in 1856 and for a short time provided a cemetery, however the cemetery was subject to flooding from melting snow, it was relocated to the church of Saint Dimitrios which was erected in 1859.

Notes and sources

40°53′00″N 21°23′00″E / 40.8833°N 21.3833°E

http://pandektis.ekt.gr/pandektis/


Dotzler

Dotzler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

  * Alexander Dotzler (born 1984), German professional ice hockey defenseman
  * Hannes Dotzler (born 1990), German cross country skier
  * Stefan Dotzler (born 1960), German cross country skier
  * William Dotzler (born 1948), US-Politician from Waterloo, Iowa


Whitewater Creek

Whitewater Creek may refer to:

  * Whitewater Creek (Colorado), a stream in Colorado
  * Whitewater Creek (Chattahoochee River tributary), a stream in Georgia
  * Whitewater Creek (Flint River tributary), a stream in Georgia
  * Whitewater Creek (South Dakota), a stream in South Dakota
  * Whitewater Creek (New Mexico), a stream in New Mexico


Bobby Hooks

Robert Greene Hooks (March 13, 1907 – April 7, 1969) was an American football player and coach. He was a halfback for the Georgia Bulldogs, a member of its 1927 "Dream and Wonder" team. Against Yale, he threw a 59-yard touchdown pass to Frank Dudley.All-Southern by football fans of the South through Central Press newspapers.Mercer Bears.

Head coaching record

College

Year                                    Team    Overall  Conference  Standing  Bowl/playoffs
Mercer Bears (Dixie Conference) (1941)
1941                                    Mercer  3–6      0–3         6th
Mercer:                                 3–6     0–3
Total:                                  3–6

  * Bobby Hooks at Find a Grave


Andrew Lynch (singer-songwriter)

Andrew Lynch (born in Soldotna, Alaska) is a singer-songwriter, trumpeter, keyboard player, audio engineer, and music producer, who lives in Los Angeles, California. In 2004, he released his debut album Samaritopia with the help of Pat BooneBill Hudson. The album features Sebastian Steinberg and The Section Quartet, who he occasionally performs with at Largo.The Black Pine.

In the fall of 2007, Lynch toured with Earlimart in support of their record Mentor Tormentor, playing keyboards and trumpet.Hymn and Her.The Section Quartet's debut film score, music for Drew Barrymore's directorial debut, Whip It.Off!'s First Four EPs. In the same year, he also independently released his first full-length album "Sun Incisions," which features members of Eels, Earlimart, Film School, and The Black Pine.

Lynch has been a band member and engineer for both of actor Adam Goldberg's music projects, first playing in LANDyThe Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on June 7, 2011, playing piano.

In 2015, Lynch signed to Dangerbird Records with his new electronic solo project, nav/attack, to release the eponymous debut album. To accompany the album, Lynch wrote, directed, and edited a series of interlocking music videos entitled "TVN1" starring Goldberg.

  * Allmusic for Samaritopia
  * Allmusic for Hymn and Her


1 Avenue Sainte-Geneviève

1 Avenue Sainte-Geneviève is a building in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Located on Avenue Sainte-Geneviève, overlooking the Governors' Garden from the south, it is the home of the United States Consulate General in Quebec City. The building also has an entrance at 2 Place Terrasse Dufferin on its eastern side.

The Governors' Garden stands on the former location of the gardens owned by Claude de Ramezay in the first half of the 18th century. He lived on nearby Notre-Dame Street.

  * [View from Terrasse Dufferin, looking west]
    View from Terrasse Dufferin, looking west
  * List of diplomatic missions of the United States


2008 Baltic Cup

The Baltic Cup 2008 football competition took place from 30 May to 1 June 2008 at the Slokas Stadium in Jūrmala and at the Skonto Stadium in Riga, Latvia.

Hosts Latvia together with Lithuania and Estonia are the teams that took part.

Results

Team       Pld  W  D  L  GF  GA  GD  Pts
Latvia     2    2  0  0  3   1   +2  6
Lithuania  2    1  0  1  2   2   0   3
Estonia    2    0  0  2  0   2   –2  0

30 May 2008
19:07 EEST (UTC+03)
Latvia              1 – 0   Estonia
Laizāns 48' (pen.)  Report

Skonto stadions, Riga
Attendance: 4,500
Referee: Audrius Zuta (Lithuania)
31 May 2008
16:00 EEST (UTC+03)
Estonia  0 – 1   Lithuania
         Report  89' Mižigurskis

Slokas Stadium, Jūrmala
Attendance: 1,300
Referee: Romāns Lajuks (Latvia)
1 June 2008
14:00 EEST (UTC+03)
Latvia                2 – 1   Lithuania
Gorkšs 56'            Report  81' Beniušis
Alunderis 77' (o.g.)

Skonto stadions, Riga
Attendance: 3,330
Referee: Sten Kaldma (Estonia)

Winners

2008 Baltic Football Cup winners

Latvia
Ninth title

Statistics

Goalscorers

There were 5 goals scored in 3 matches, for an average of 1.67 goals per match.

1 goal

  * [Latvia] Juris Laizāns
  * [Latvia] Kaspars Gorkšs
  * [Lithuania] Valerijus Mižigurskis
  * [Lithuania] Ričardas Beniušis

1 own goal

  * [Lithuania] Vidas Alunderis (against Latvia)

Under-21 results

Team       widt  W  D  L  GF  GA  GD  Pts
Latvia     2     2  0  0  3   1   +2  6
Lithuania  2     1  0  1  4   1   +3  3
Estonia    2     0  0  2  1   6   –5  0

29 May 2008
18:00 EEST (UTC+03)
Latvia         2 – 1   Estonia
Laizāns 52'    Report  21' Kallaste
Lukjanovs 86'


2008 Baltic Cup

Slokas Stadium, Jūrmala
Attendance: 700
Referee: Saulius Atmanavičius (Lithuania)
30 May 2008
15:00 EEST (UTC+03)
Estonia  0 – 4   Lithuania
                 7' Palionis
         Report  62' (pen.) Valskis
                 87' Slavickas
                 90+1' Vėževičius

Latvijas Universitates Stadions, Riga
Referee: Andrejs Sipailo (Latvia)
31 May 2008
13:00 EEST (UTC+03)
Latvia      1 – 0   Lithuania
Kožans 74'  Report

Latvijas Universitates Stadions, Riga
Attendance: 200
Referee: Hannes Kaasik (Estonia)

Statistics

Goalscorers

There were 8 goals scored in 3 matches, for an average of 2.67 goals per match.

1 goal

  * [Latvia] U-21 Sergejs Kožans
  * [Latvia] U-21 Oļegs Laizāns
  * [Latvia] U-21 Ivans Lukjanovs
  * [Lithuania] U-21 Markus Palionis
  * [Lithuania] U-21 Nerijus Valskis
  * [Lithuania] U-21 Vaidas Slavickas
  * [Lithuania] U-21 Robertas Vėževičius
  * [Estonia] U-21 Ken Kallaste
  * Balkan Cup
  * Nordic Football Championship
  * RSSSF: Baltic Cup 2008 overview
  * 2008 Baltic Cup at Latvian Football Federation


Asarum crispulatum

Asarum crispulatum is a species of plant in the family Aristolochiaceae. It is endemic to China.


Whitewash (disambiguation)

Look up whitewash in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Whitewash is a paint-like covering of hydrated lime or a cheap white paint.

Whitewash may also refer to:

Government and law

  * Whitewashing (censorship), a term for censorship
  * Whitewash procedure, in shareholder law, a legal procedure regarding financial assistance

Arts and entertainment

  * Whitewash (1994 film), an American television animated short film
  * White Wash (film), a 2011 American documentary film
  * Whitewash (2013 film), a Canadian drama film
  * Whitewash (book), a 2017 nonfiction book by Carey Gillam
  * Whitewash (sport), a sports series in which one side wins every contest
  * Whitewashing (beauty), modifying the skin tones of photographs of nonwhite people in mass media
  * Whitewashing in film, the practice of casting white actors in non-white roles
  * Whitewash Jones, a racist caricature from the 1940s comic book Young Allies
  * Blanqueamiento, branqueamento, or "whitening", a social practice in many post-colonial countries to "improve the race" towards a supposed ideal of whiteness
  * Racial whitening, branqueamento in Brazil between 1889 and 1914
  * Shutout, a sports contest in which one side prevents the other from scoring any points
  * The most basic type of thickening agent used in cooking, flour blended with water to make a paste


Çuvaş

Çuvaş (also, Çüvaş, Chuash, and Chuvash) is a village in the Astara Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Rinə.Chuvash people, an ethnic group inhabiting the Chuvash Republic of European Russia.

  * Çuvaş at GEOnet Names Server


Freaky Ice

Freaky Ice is a frozen ice confection, originating in the Netherlands. It is produced by Integrated Beverage Group, Ltd., (IBG) and contains up to 4.8% alcohol.

New York ban

In 2004, the New York Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control denied Integrated Beverage Group the permission to sell Freaky Ice in the state, citing the hazard of the product to children.

  * List of frozen dessert brands


Dottikon-Dintikon railway station

Dottikon-Dintikon railway station (German: Bahnhof Dottikon-Dintikon) is a railway station in the municipality of Villmergen, in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Rupperswil–Immensee line of Swiss Federal Railways.

Services

The following services stop at Dottikon-Dintikon:

  * Zürich S-Bahn S42: rush-hour service between Muri AG and Zürich Hauptbahnhof.
  * Aargau S-Bahn:
      + S25: hourly service between Muri AG and Brugg AG.
      + S26: half-hourly service between Lenzburg and Rotkreuz, with every other train continuing from Lenzburg to Olten.
  * Media related to Dottikon-Dintikon railway station at Wikimedia Commons
  * Dottikon-Dintikon railway station – SBB


Whitewater Canyon

Whitewater Canyon may refer to:

Geography

  * Whitewater Canyon on the Whitewater River in Southern California
  * Whitewater Canyon on the Whitewater Creek in New Mexico
  * Whitewater Canyon National Forest Recreation Area, in New Mexico
  * Whitewater Canyon Park in Jones and Dubuque County, Iowa
  * White Water Canyon, a Canadian theme park ride
  * White Water Canyon, a themed area at Canada's Wonderland theme park
  * Whitewater (disambiguation)
  * Whitewater River (disambiguation)