I. Panduranga Rao

Panduranga Rao

Ilapavuluri Panduranga Rao (15 March 1930 – 25 December 2011) was an Indian scholar, poet, writer, linguist and orator of Telugu descent.

Rao played a significant role in the establishment of Indian civil service exams in multiple languages. He also created many creative studies and translations of classical works into Hindi, Telugu and English.

Early life

Rao was born in Ilapavuluru village in Andhra Pradesh. His elder brother, Kameswara Rao, was a musician and musicologist who lectured extensively on Carnatic music.

After graduating from university, he taught mathematics and Hindi in Ongole, Guntur, Nellore and Rajahmundry. Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s call to bridge the many ‘divides’ in the Indian society, Rao decided to study Hindi language at Nagpur University. In 1956, he became the first Telugu to gain a PhD in Hindi. His doctoral thesis on a comparative study of Telugu and Hindi drama was among the first comparative studies in the country.

Personal life

Panduranga Rao's flair for poetry and penchant for popularizing ancient Hindu thought found its fullest expression in the 1970s and continued through the later years in Delhi. His residence was a meeting ground of contemporary prominent poets and literary personages. He was ably supported in the organization of these literary events by his wife, Radha, whom he married in 1951. They have six children, of whom a daughter, Kalyani, died in 1977. The eldest son, I. V. Subba Rao joined the Indian Administrative Service in 1979 and later, in 2011, the United Nations; the second son, Raghunath, has been a senior executive with a number of Indian companies including Maruti and Tata Steel and currently works and lives in Chicago; the three daughters, Vangmayi, Anupa and Suvarna, are active home makers and proactive volunteers for social causes. Suvarna, an artist, is exploring new ways of using art in enriching daily life.

Rao died in New Delhi at the age of 81, after a few years of ill health, on 25 December 2011.

Career


I. Panduranga Rao

Career

In 1957, Rao started working for the State Government of Andhra Pradesh as Hindi Education Officer. In 1960 he became a regional officer with the Government of India as a regional officer for the Eastern Region of India. This was part of the Central Government Hindi Teaching Scheme to popularize the use Hindi.

In 1964, Rao became involved in a study by the Indian Government on creating civil service exams in more languages. At that time, individuals taking the exam for India's highest level of civil service could only take it in English or Hindi, putting the speakers of other Indian languages at a disadvantage. Since these other languages were listed as official in the Indian Constitution, fairness dictated that the exam be available in them.

Rao joined the language team under the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) to study the issue. As the Senior Research Officer (Hindi) and later, as Director (Languages), from 1964 to 1986, he helped the Government shape and implement the new language policy in the civil service examinations.

Rao took voluntary retirement from the Government of India in 1986 and joined Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad, Kolkata,Bharatiya Jnanpith.

Writing

Rao has contributed to the field of comparative studies and has referred to his translations as ‘trans-creations’.His translation of classics of Hindi poetry like Jay Shankar Prasad's ‘Kamayani’, ‘Aansu’ and Sumitranandan Pant's ‘Chidambara’, Malayalam litterateur, Thakazhi Siva Sankara Pillai's ‘Enippadikal’ enriched literary exchanges and appreciation of literature across Indian languages. He translated Telugu poetry into English and edited an anthology of contemporary Telugu poetry for the Indian Council for Cultural Relations.

In addition to the translations of literary works into Telugu, Hindi and English, he wrote extensively on Indian literary epics, most notably on Ramayana. He authored nearly 40 works covering a variety of literary genres. He was a poet at heart and had composed poems from the age of 17. His prose too had a rare lyrical rhythm and a captivating alliterative style which endeared his works to a large readership.

Speaking


I. Panduranga Rao

Speaking

He was closely associated with many religious leaders who recognized his ability to convey complex religious ideas in simple language. The head of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham, one of the oldest Hindu monasteries established by Adi Sankara around 482 B.C., honoured him with the title of ‘Kavi Ratna’ (‘Gem among poets’). Panduranga Rao lectured for a number of years at the Ramakrishna Mission as well as Ramana Kendra. He accompanied and translated the speeches of Sri Satya Sai Baba of Puttaparthi from Telugu to Hindi when Baba was touring northern Indian states.

Awards

He was honoured by the Government of Andhra Pradesh, the Madras Telugu Academy, Anuvad Parishad and the Hindi Academy. He was conferred the title of ‘Kavi Ratna’ by Jagadguru Shankaracharya of Kanchipuram.

List of works


I. Panduranga Rao

1. Andhra Hindi Roopak (1961, Nagari Prakashan, Patna)
 2. Chaturvimshati (1971, Navjeevan Book Links, Vijayawada)
 3. Chidambara (1972, Andhra Pradesh Book Distributors, Hyderabad)
 4. Sri Kamakshivilas (1974, Shankar Academy of Sanskrit Culture and Classical Arts, New Delhi)
 5. Kanneeru (1974, Andhra Pradesh Book Distributors, Hyderabad)
 6. Kaamaayani (1974, Andhra Pradesh Book Distributors, Secunderabad)
 7. Sant Tyagaraj (1975, Andhra Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi, Hyderabad)
 8. Baba ke saath das baarah din (1975, Sri Satya Sai Seva Samiti, New Delhi)
 9. Suradasa Kavita Vaibhavam (1976, Yuva Bharati, Secunderabad)
10. Women in Valmiki (1978, Andhra Mahila Sabha, Hyderabad)
11. Aditya Hridayam (1978, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati)
12. Aadi Anaadi (1978, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati)
13. Geetamritam (1978, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati)
14. Vishnu Sahsranamam (1978, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati)
15. Lalitha Sahasranamam (1978, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati)
16. Meera Madhuri (1980, Sri Goda Grandhamala, Musnuru)
17. Ramayana Paramartham (1980, Yuva Bharathi, Hyderabad)
18. Sahasradhara (1980, Vishwa Adhyatma Samaj, Delhi)
19. Art of translation (1980, Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi)
20. Indian Poetry Today (1981, Indian Council for Cultural Relations, New Delhi)


I. Panduranga Rao

21. Madhura Kavi Potana (1982, International Telugu Institute, Hyderabad)
22. Upanishadsudha (1982, Yuva Bharati, Hyderabad)
23. Baba Fareed Suktulu (1982,Yuva Bharati, Hyderabad)
24. Satya Shati (1982, Sri Satya Sai Seva Samiti, New Delhi)
25. Tulasi Manjari (1983, Sri Goda Grandhamala, Musnuru)
26. Iham Param (1984, International Telugu Institute, Hyderabad)
27. Sri Sahasrika (1985, Akshara Bharati, New Delhi)
28. Gurajada (1990, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi)
29. Ramayan ke Mahila patra (1990, Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi)
30. Thoughts on Ramayana (1990, Akshara Bharati, Kolkata)
31. Voice of Vision (1990, Akshara Bharati, Kolkata)
32. Ram Katha Navneet (1991, Bharatiya Jnanpith, New Delhi)
33. Mettuku Pai Mettu (1995, National Book Trust, New Delhi)
34. Mana Prasiddha Punyakshetralu (1996, National Book Trust, New Delhi)
35. Swantantra Udyama Geyalu (1997, National Book Trust, New Delhi)
36. Yagnavalkya Maharshi (1999, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati)
37. The Universe that is God (1999, Jnana Pravah, Varanasi)
38. Valmiki (2000, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi)
39. Aatmananda Lahari (2003, EMESCO, Hyderabad)
40. Anudina Ramayanam, (2003, Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad)


China Squash Open 2013

The Lujiazui Finance City China Squash Open 2013 is the women's edition of the 2013 China Squash Open, which is a tournament of the WSA World Tour event International (Prize money : 50 000 $). The event took place in Shanghai in China from 24 October to 27 October. Nicol David won her first China Squash Open trophy, beating Raneem El Weleily in the final.

Prize money and ranking points

For 2013, the prize purse was $50,000. The prize money and points breakdown is as follows:

Prize Money China Squash Open (2013)
Event         W       F       SF      QF      1R
Points (WSA)  2450    1610    980     595     350
Prize money   $8,550  $5,850  $3,825  $2,365  $1,350

Seeds

 1. [Malaysia] Nicol David (champion)
 2. [Egypt] Raneem El Weleily (final)
 3. [England] Alison Waters (quarterfinals)
 4. [New Zealand] Joelle King (semifinals)
 5. [Malaysia] Low Wee Wern (quarterfinals)
 6. [England] Jenny Duncalf (quarterfinals)
 7. [Republic of Ireland] Madeline Perry (first round)
 8. [Netherlands] Natalie Grinham (semifinals)

Draw and results


China Squash Open 2013

Draw and results

  First round                                            Quarter finals          Semi finals      Final

  1            [Malaysia] Nicol David                11  11              11
  WC           [China] Li Dongjin                    6   4               2                        1      [Malaysia] Nicol David         11                      9                              11                         11
  7            [Republic of Ireland] Madeline Perry  8   7               4                        Q      [India] Dipika Pallikal        6                       11                             6                          6
  Q            [India] Dipika Pallikal               11  11              11                                                                                1                              [Malaysia] Nicol David     13  12  11
  3            [England] Alison Waters               11  11              11                                                             8                       [Netherlands] Natalie Grinham  11                         10  6
  Q            [Egypt] Nouran Gohar                  6   9               5                        3      [England] Alison Waters        11                      11                             17                         7   3
  8            [Netherlands] Natalie Grinham         9   11              11  7   11               8      [Netherlands] Natalie Grinham  5                       8                              19                         11  11
               [Egypt] Omneya Abdel Kawy             11  7               6   11  6                       1                              [Malaysia] Nicol David  8                              6                          11  11  11
               [Australia] Kasey Brown               5   5               11  4                                                                                2                              [Egypt] Raneem El Weleily  11  11  7   7  8
  6            [England] Jenny Duncalf               11  11              5   11                   6      [England] Jenny Duncalf        11                      4                              2                          7
               [Hong Kong] Annie Au                  11  3               5   3                    4      [New Zealand] Joelle King      7                       11                             11                         11
  4            [New Zealand] Joelle King             2   11              11  11                                                                                4                              [New Zealand] Joelle King  5   11  3   6
  Q            [Australia] Rachael Grinham           4   11              9   11  5                                                      2                       [Egypt] Raneem El Weleily      11                         9   11  11
  5            [Malaysia] Low Wee Wern               11  7               11  7   11               5      [Malaysia] Low Wee Wern        4                       3                              12                         3
  Q            [Australia] Donna Urquhart            11  4               9   9                    2      [Egypt] Raneem El Weleily      11                      11                             10                         11
  2            [Egypt] Raneem El Weleily             8   11              11  11

  * WSA World Tour 2013
  * China Squash Open
  * WSA Lujiazui Finance City China Squash Open 2013 website
  * Lujiazui Finance City China Open 2013 SquashSite website


CART World Series

This article is about the game. For the racing series, see Championship Auto Racing Teams.

CART World Series is a racing video game for the PlayStation console, developed by Sony Interactive Studios America and published by Sony Computer Entertainment and released in October 1997.CART World Series is based on the Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) open-wheel racing series.

Gameplay

This game is licensed and features many notable drivers from the late 1990s, such as Greg Moore, Al Unser Jr. and Paul Tracy. The game also features realistic handling and damage. Players can compete in a full year's worth of races competing for points in each race or in simple single races. There are two game modes: arcade and simulation. Arcade mode allows re-spawning of damaged vehicle parts. In Simulation mode, all damage is permanent for the race. The game supports the analog controller.

The player can make many modifications to a car's performance. The player can adjust the tires to fit the road (hard for ovals or soft for road courses), as well as modify gear ratios and aerodynamics. Moving the front of the car down or slanting the wings may enable the player to find a perfect combination of speed and handling. During simulation mode races, the car's tires will wear down and fuel will deplete (both can be replaced by a pit stop).

In addition to the real drivers and cars (Honda and Ford included), ten official CART tracks have been included, each modeled after its real-life counterpart. Tracks span the United States and are located in Cleveland, Michigan, Long Beach and more. Each features realistic dynamics and road handling in an attempt to create a believable racing experience. In Season Mode, the player takes part in a series of races, for which the player must qualify and race, earning points toward a cup.

This game also features a two-player mode via either split screen or PlayStation Link Cable, or a combination of both for four players.

List of drivers and teams


CART World Series

List of drivers and teams

Driver                             Team
[United States] Jimmy Vasser       Chip Ganassi Racing
[Italy] Alex Zanardi
[United States] Al Unser Jr.       Team Penske
[Canada] Paul Tracy
[Brazil] Gil de Ferran             Walker Racing
[Brazil] Christian Fittipaldi      Newman-Haas Racing
[United States] Bobby Rahal        Team Rahal
[United States] Bryan Herta
[United Kingdom] Dario Franchitti  Hogan Racing
[Canada] Patrick Carpentier        Bettenhausen Racing
[Brazil] Maurício Gugelmin         PacWest
[United Kingdom] Mark Blundell
[Mexico] Michel Jourdain Jr.       Payton/Coyne Racing
[United States] Scott Pruett       Patrick Racing
[Brazil] Raul Boesel
[United States] Richie Hearn       Della Penna Motorsports
[Japan] Hiro Matsushita            Arciero-Wells Racing
[Italy] Max Papis
[United States] Parker Johnstone   Team Green
[Brazil] André Ribeiro             Tasman Motorsports
[Mexico] Adrian Fernández
[Argentina] Juan Manuel Fangio II  All American Racing
[United States] P. J. Jones
[Brazil] Gualter Salles            Davis Racing
[Canada] Greg Moore                Forsythe Racing

Tracks

  * [United States] Homestead-Miami Speedway
  * [United States] Long Beach street circuit
  * [United States] Nazareth speedway
  * [United States] Milwaukee Mile
  * [United States] Cleveland
  * [United States] Michigan International Speedway
  * [United States] Mid-Ohio
  * [Canada] Vancouver street circuit
  * [United States] Laguna Seca
  * [United States] California speedway

Reception

Reception
Aggregate score
Aggregator    Score
GameRankings  71% (6 reviews)

Review scores
Publication                Score
Electronic Gaming Monthly  6.625/10
IGN                        7/10

The game received primarily mixed reviews. Critics widely praised the graphics of both the car modelsElectronic Gaming Monthly found them not responsive enough,Jaz Rignall commented in IGN that the way the car sticks firmly to the road, preventing the powerslides that racing game fans are accustomed to, is frustrating.GamePro stated that "the effective car setup options and responsive handling keep you on the track."


CART World Series

Sushi-X's co-reviewers Kraig Kujawa and John Ricciardi both recommended CART World Series, with Kujawa remarking that it "strikes a careful balance between realism and fun".Electronic Gaming Monthly's review team, concluded that while it was a decent game on its own terms, it did not hold up well against other games in the crowded PlayStation racing game market of the time.GamePro, for example, opined that "For sport racing fans, CART ranks third this season - NASCAR '98 has better balance, while F1 Championship Edition has deeper sim play."

  * CART World Series at IGN
  * CART World Series at MobyGames


Contributor

Look up contributor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Contributor may refer to:

  * Author, the originator of any written work which is contributed to a publication
      + Freelance writer, an author working as an independent contractor for a publication
          o Contributor network, a freelance writing arrangement used by online publications
  * Benefactor (law), a person who gives some form of help to benefit a person, group or organization

The Contributor may refer to:

  * The Contributor (LDS magazine), a 19th-century periodical associated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
  * The Contributor (street paper), a street newspaper in Nashville, Tennessee
  * The Contributor (website), an American news reporting website


Ernst Wahlberg

Ernst Wahlberg (15 October 1904 – 1 May 1977)Swedish national team.


Melville Portal

Melville Portal JP, DL (31 July 1819 – 24 January 1904)Conservative Party politician from Hampshire.

Career

Portal was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, graduating B.A. in 1842, and M.A. in 1844. In 1841 he was treasurer and in 1842 President of the Oxford Union.

He was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for North Hampshire at a by-election in April 1849, following the resignation of the Conservative MP Sir William Heathcote.1852hustings in Winchester,House of Commons at the 1857 general election.

Portal was appointed in December 1852 as a Deputy Lieutenant of Hampshire,Justice of the Peace (JP) for the county.High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1861Mitcheldever Station.

Melville Portal's lands recorded in the 1870 and 1880s

According to John Bateman's The Great Landowners of Great Britain and Ireland, 1883, Melville Portal of Laverstoke, Overton, Hampshire, educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford, and a member of the Carlton Club, had 10,966 acres in Hampshire worth 10,922 per annum.

Personal life

The son of John Portal of Freefolk Priors, Hampshire and his wife Elizabeth Drummond, in 1855 Portal married Lady Charlotte Elliot2nd Earl of Minto.Sir Gerald Herbert Portal (1858–1894), and Katherine Charlotte Portal (1866–1917).Royal Navy.

  * Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Melville Portal


Gellen

Gellen Peninsula in the south of the island of Hiddensee

The Gellen or Gellen Peninsula (German: Halbinsel Gellen) is a spit at the southern end of the island of Hiddensee off the north German Baltic coast. Its southern part is protected as an important bird reserve and is part of protection zone I of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park. It is therefore not accessible to the public.

It consists of post-ice age sand depositions and is growing annually by a few metres to the south. The dredging of the shipping channel between the island of Bock and the Gellen prevents a graded shoreline from being formed, which would otherwise be typical of the eastern Baltic Sea area with its numerous spits.

Topography

Southern tip in May 2011

1829 map of Hiddensee showing the Gellen

The peninsula is a maximum of 500 metres wide and ca. 5 kilometres long, but only a few metres high. Its individual berms may be clearly seen. Topographically it may be divided into two areas:

  * Altgellen (Neuendorf to Klimphores Bay)
  * Neugellen (Klimphores Bay to the southern tip), formed from about 12th century. The southern part of the Neugellen is closed.

Whilst the Neugellen grows southwards, sand is removed from Altgellen. South of the Gellen is an extensive wind-affected mudflat or Windwatt, the Vierendehlgrund, which is occasionally exposed. The growth of the Gellen has slowed down considerably since about 1990 and will eventually cease in the coming decades because it will come up against the shipping channel to the southwest.

Place names on the Gellen from north to south:

  * Points and headlands: Langer Barg, Klimphores/Klemmhuern Spit (Klimphoreshaken/Klemmhuernhaken), Langen Hasenwerderscher Ort, Kl. Ugel, Gr. Ugel
  * Bays and inlets (Riegen): Schwarzer Peter, Klemmhuern/Klimphores Bay (Klimphoresbucht), Karkensee, Priestersee


Gellen

On the western shore of the Neugellen is a sea cliff up to four metres high, which unlike the Dornbusch has its origins in dune formation, not ice age depositions. On the Altgellen is a coastal defence wood of wind-resistant Scots Pine has been planted; further south there are also a few individual birches and other trees. Most of it is covered with dune grasses, poor grassland and heath, however.

Coastal defences

In 1864, a storm surge drove an 8 metre deep breach through the peninsula south of Neuendorf, at the so-called Schwarzer Peter ("Black Peter"). In spite of intensive attempts, it could not be closed in the succeeding decades; instead it widened to 250 metres. Only after the construction of the stone embankment was the Gellen peninsula finally rejoined to Hiddensee island. Today there is the risk of another breach in the area of the Klimphores Bay. There the land is only 250 metres wide. Groynes (some even made of stone), beach nourishment, artificial dunes and the planting of Beachgrass and pines are being used to counteract the abrasion of the coastline.

Buildings

In the early 14th century, Gellen Church (Gellenkirche), a small beacon (called Luchte) and the first harbour were built on the island of Hiddensee. The name Karkensee (Kirchensee or "church lake") for a bay by the barrier on South Gellen still bears witness to the old church. A light beacon, which marks the northern entrance of the so-called Gellenstrom channel, still stands on the peninsula.

Literature

  * Günter Möbus: Wie Hiddensee zur Insel wurde. Helms Verlag, Schwerin 2001, ISBN 3-931185-87-7
  * Literature about Gellen in the State Bibliography (Landesbibliographie) of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

54°29′5.8164″N 13°4′6.89″E / 54.484949000°N 13.0685806°E


Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele

Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele was a Mbunda king who led his people from south-eastern Angola to Barotseland in western Zambia around 1824Mbunda were skilled game hunters and fighters using bow and arrow. They were welcomed by King Mulambwa of the Aluyi of Barotseland, now Western Zambia.

Early life

Prince Munamwene Chitengi Chiyengele was a son of King Mwene Chingumbe with his Queen, Chieftainess Kakuhu of Musholo. King Chingumbe was born along the banks of the Mithimoyi, a tributary of the Luena river at the Upper Zambezi. His father was Consort Mushinge and his mother was Chieftainess Chioola. King Chingumbe was made King of the Mbunda ya Mathzi at Lilembalemba along the banks of Lukonya river after the death of his elder brother King Yambayamba Kapanda. His wife was Lishano Kakuhu. His Prime Minister was Nkombwe Lilema and his Court President was Nobleman (Mwata) Likupekupe. His children were: Prince Chitengi, Prince Yembe Katete, Prince Mpili, Prince Nkombwe Kapamuka and Prince Kakuhu.

King Chingumbe ruled very well and eventually gave the part of his kingdom known as Mikuyu to his son Chief Chitengi Chingumbe Chiyengele to rule from his palace known as Londe.

Succession

Chief Mwene Chitengi Chingumbe Chiyengele succeeded his father King Chingumbe as the 15th Mbunda monarch upon the deceased's decree, but because of the earlier decree of nephew successors only, the Mbunda schemed to remove him.


Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele

The nephews of the late King Mwene Chingumbe, Prince Munamwene Ngonga and Prince Munamwene Nyumbu Luputa thought of a way to nullify the choice of the King Mwene Chitengi, to succeed his father. King Mwene Chitengi went back to his palace (nganda) in Mikuyu a disappointed man and immediately after his departure Prince Munamwene Ngonga, his cousin, was made King instead. King Ngonga I Chiteta ruled only for a very short period and died. Before the burial, as they were looking for the candidate to be buried together with King Ngonga I Chiteta, his subordinates went to look for someone from the now Chief Chitengi Chingumbe Chiyengele's area and" captured his Chikola (Gester) called Kapango ka Vilondo. This displeased Chief Chitengi Chingumbe Chiyengele who gathered his advisors and informed them of the two instances about his mother's implication and the captivity of his Gester by the same people who disliked him. His advisors suggested it would be better to maybe leave Mbundaland for a safer place where his enemies would not feel threatened by his presence.

The only place that was safe for him to settle was Bulozi since a covenant had already been made and King Ngombala had sworn that the Aluyi would never go to war with the Mbunda, when Ngombala was fighting these tribes: the Nanzwa (in northern Zimbabwe), the Subiya (in the Caprivi Strip), Vafwe, the Yeyi (both of whom are unknown today), the Mashi (along the Mashi river also sometimes called the Kwandu or Linyanti rivers, the Imilangu, the Nyengo and the Makoma who are all located in Kalabo District today, but declared an alliance with the Mbunda. There was such a strong and deep bond of friendship between the Aluyi and the Mbunda that Chief Chitengi Chingumbe Chiyengele thought of migrating to Bulozi.

Migration


Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele

Migration

In frustration he migrated to Barotseland in the now Zambia in 1824. On arrival, Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele sent his messenger Nobleman Mwata Kamana Vushoko who was the younger brother to Chief Mwene Mundu (the first Mbunda chief to migrate to Barotseland)Chief Mwene Kandala Vyemba (the second Mbunda chief to migrate to Barotseland)

The Mbunda of Chief Mwene Chitengi Chingumbe Chiyengele crossed at Mutueo across Makuna and camped between N'omano and Nalukonga and were treated to a grand fete. King Mulambwa slaughtered ten bulls for them which the people ate and rejoiced greatly. Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele came with his own royal drums and xylophones. He was allowed to have the royal drums and xylophones sounded in his honour. One of his major royal drums was called Kenda na Vafwa, while his royal xylophone was known as Kamuyongole. Because of his peaceful arrival in Bulozi he was assured of retaining his chieftainship.

King Mulambwa of the Aluyi offered Chief Mwene Chitengi Chingumbe Chiyengele the area known as Namaya in the plains east of Namuyowa for him to settle with the people. But he declined that offer because the Mbunda were not used to staying in the plain, but preferred forests where they cultivate their staple food such as cassava, millet family crops, beans, groundnuts and bush potatoes. Thereafter he was offered another area called Nan'oko, in Mongu where Chief Mwene Chitengi Chingumbe Chiyengele built his Palace, and settled with a group of his Mbunda followers.

Military Power


Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele

Military Power

The Aluyi and their leader, King Mulambwa especially prized the Mbunda for their ability to fight. At the time of Chief Mwene Chitengi Chingumbe Chiyengele's arrival in Bulozi, the Luvale also known as Lovale used to raid the Aluyi for the purposes of cattle rustling, invading Barotseland from the north. At one time a Luvale prince came to visit the Lozi and unfortunately got caught by a crocodile by a stream which is found at Nawinda (the Lozi capital of the day). The Luvale thought that the Aluyi had sent the crocodile and consequently the Luvale attacked and burned Nawinda.

Because of the attacks from the Luvale, King Mulambwa decided to have Chief Mwene Chitengi Chingumbe Chiyengele and his people settle at Liayelo. The Mbunda would therefore be a buffer against the Luvale raiders as well as to ascertain their fighting capability. After Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele and his people had settled, the Luvale came to attack the Aluyi using Liayelo as their entry point. However Noblemen; Mwata Ndumba ya Shamba, Mwata Chala cha Likundo and Mwata Muthindo wa Matumbo at Liayelo quickly informed Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele at Nan'oko about the Luvale raiders.


Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele

The Mbunda sounded the royal drum called kenda na vafwa (companion of the ancestral spirits) to summon all the Mbunda men to encounter the Luvale. The Mbunda took up arms and engaged the attacking Luvale and defeated them.Mbunda under Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele himself, the Mbunda fighters headed for King Mulambwa's capital at Lilundu. They played and sung their war dances and songs to the accompaniment of Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele's mukupele drum named Kenda na Vafwa, expecting the Aluyi of King Mulambwa to meet them on the way and together take the mukoke victory procession to the capital itself. However the Aluyi were not forthcoming as had been anticipated by the Mbunda and had, in fact, made their escape from King Mulambwa's capital at Lilundu upon hearing and observing the advancing procession of jubilant Mbunda fighters who carried the impaled heads of their victims.

Upon their arrival in the capital, most of its inhabitants had already fled for fear that the war like Mbunda led by Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele and his son Prince Munamwene Ngulungu were coming to make war with the Aluyi after routing the Luvale raiders. Only King Mulambwa and a few trusted guards who had resigned themselves to whatever fate might meet them had remained in the capital. The majority of the Aluyi who had run away had given credence to the earlier allegation by Chief Mwene Kandala Vyemba that the Mbunda of Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele together with their chief were war mongers. Nevertheless, King Mulambwa still trusted and hoped that Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele and his people were not coming to make war against the Aluyi. That was the appropriate time the Mbunda would have conquered and occupied Barotseland, by simply beheading the Aluyi King who was left vulnerable. However, it signifies that the Mbunda people migration to Barotseland was peaceful and friendly.


Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele

King Mulambwa told his guards to find out whether Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele and his people had come to Lilundu to make war or come in peace. Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele and his fighters were shocked by the enquiry. Chief Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele explained that the victory procession (mukoke) which might seem a strange ritual to the Aluyi was the normal way the Mbunda celebrated victory. He explained that the Mbunda had expected the Aluyi to come out of their capital and greet the celebrating Mbunda so that both could have celebrated the victory. He also explained that the impaled heads they carried belonged to the fallen Luvale, most of whom had been killed except for a few who were allowed to return to report the defeat. King Mulambwa was shocked by the impaled heads and told the Mbunda never to bring the heads of their victims again for this was taboo in the Aluyi tradition.

The Mulambwa/Chiyengele Treaty

King Mulambwa now knew of the fighting ability of the Mbunda

1) We give you this sharp-pointed pole to replace those poles with rounded tops for your royal palace. It is only your palace which will be built with sharp poles called milombwe.

2) Your royal drum (Kenda na Vafwa) and royal xylophone Kamuyongole should be played in your palace, when you visit others and whenever you come to this capital.

3) It is only you who will use a royal flyswitch of the eland (meaning in the King’ presence in the capital).

4) You are free to continue to teach your people your language and culture; you will not be forced to take our language and culture.

5) There shall never be an Aluyi person who enslaves a Mbunda and no Mbunda shall enslave an Aluyi.

6) You are not forced to live on the Barotse plain but free to live in the forests.

7) You are free to cultivate cassava, yams and millet in the multitude that you wish.

8) In military and political matters you should be allied with the Aluyi.


Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele

9) Never fight among one another, but love one another.

10) Finally, respect chieftainship and the elders.

This and other factors earned the Mbunda to be included on the Barotse National Council.Mbunda Xamuka.

  * Mbunda Kingdom
  * Mbunda language
  * Mbunda people
  * List of Mbunda Chiefs in Zambia
  * List of The Rulers of the Mbunda Kingdom
  * Bull, M.M. Bulozi Under the Luyana Kings, London, 1973
  * White, C.M.N. Notes on the Political Organisation of the Kabompo District and its Inhabitants, African Studies, IX, (1950), pp. 185–93.


Devonport High

Devonport High may refer to:

  * Devonport High School for Boys, Plymouth, England
  * Devonport High School for Girls, Plymouth, England
  * Devonport High School, Devonport, Tasmania


David Brown (footballer, born 1967)

For others of a similar name, see David Brown.

David Brown (born 16 August 1967) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Sydney Swans in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL).

Brown, recruited from Pennant Hills, was tried at full-forward by Sydney in 1988, to fill the vacancy left by Warwick Capper's move to the Brisbane Bears.Geelong at Kardinia Park, a result which was only secured when Robert Scott hit the post from a set shot after the final siren.Essendon at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Brown snapped the anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee.

  * David Brown's playing statistics from AFL Tables


I. Michael Lerner

Israel Michael Lerner (May 14, 1910 – June 12, 1977) was a prominent geneticist and evolutionary biologist. Born in Harbin, Manchuria, he received his Ph.D. in genetics at the University of California, Berkeley in 1936. He was appointed instructor of poultry husbandry and joined the university's department of genetics in 1958.

Much of his research involved the inheritance of components underlying egg production, the effects of artificial selection with inbreeding, and theoretical models predicting the effects of simultaneous selection upon numerous inherited characteristics. A number of his books include Population Genetics and Animal Improvement (1950), Genetic Homeostasis (1954), The Genetic Basis of Selection (1958), and Heredity, Evolution and Society (1968). He also served as editor for the journal Evolution, and was an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences,American Philosophical Society,American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

  * I. Michael Lerner Papers at the American Philosophical Society
  * I. Michael Lerner by R. W. Allard
  * National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir


ISEE

The acronym ISEE can refer to:

  * ISEE (company), Integration Software Electronics Engineering
  * Independent School Entrance Examination
  * International Sun/Earth Explorer, one of a series of spacecraft, ISEE-1, ISEE-2 and ISEE-3, the last later called the International Cometary Explorer
  * International Society for Ecological Economics
  * International Society for Environmental Epidemiology
  * International Society for Environmental Ethics
  * International Society for Explosive Engineers
  * Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, the national statistics bureau of France
  * Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, the statistics bureau of New Caledonia


I. R. Christie

Ian Ralph Christie, FBA (11 May 1919 – 25 November 1998) was a British historian specialising in late 18th-century Britain. He spent most of his academic career at University College London (UCL), from 1948 to 1984.

Early life

He was born in Preston, Lancashire, to John Reid Christie and his wife, Gladys Lilian (née Whatley) Christie.Worcester to live with an aunt and was educated at Worcester Royal Grammar School (1931–38). He was senior prefect in his last year and his chosen sixth-form subjects were history and English literature.Stanley Baldwin's speech. However, he was opposed to appeasement, regarded Nazism as barbarism and treated left-wing opposition to rearmament with contempt.

He went to Magdalen College, Oxford in 1938 to study modern history.C. S. Lewis taught him political theory but his studies were interrupted by the Second World War, where he volunteered for non-combatant duties (due to ill-health) in the Royal Air Force. He served in the equipment branch from August 1940 to April 1946 and ended as a commissioned officer. He later regarded his war service as the most important thing he had done in his life.Bertrand Russell's Power: A New Social Analysis and R. G. Collingwood's New Leviathan.

He returned to Oxford in April 1946, where his history tutors were K. B. McFarlane and A. J. P. Taylor. Christie later wrote that he had "greatly enjoyed" Taylor's tutorials because he displayed his "iconoclastic thinking in a period of later modern British history which greatly interested me".

Academic career

In 1948, whilst still at Oxford, J. E. Neale offered Christie an assistant lectureship in history at University College London. Christie accepted Neale's offer and replied: "Mr A. J. P. Taylor here has said he will procure me an introduction to Professor Namier in order that I may get advice on my proposed subject for research". Christie adopted Namier's historical method and his first work, The End of North's Ministry (1958), was the second volume in Namier's series, England in the Age of the American Revolution.


I. R. Christie

To Sir Lewis Namier I owe many thanks: first, when I had only met him in his books, for prompting in me a strong desire to know whether his picture of politics and party structure at the accession of George III was still valid for the period some twenty years later, when the political system was under strain as a result of defeat in the American War of Independence; and, since this study began, for his guidance and encouragement.

A. J. P. Taylor, who had quarrelled with Namier a year before, said in his review of The End of North's Ministry that Christie had demonstrated that Namier's ideas about eighteenth century politics had been proved wrong by one of his leading disciples. Christie later wrote that Taylor's review had demonstrated "utter ignorance of the whole general thrust of my book".British ‘non-élite’ MPs, 1715–1820 (1995), to Namier.

Christie held the assistant lectureship in history until 1951, when he was promoted to lecturer, a post he held until 1960. He was then appointed reader (1960–66) before being promoted to professor (1966–79), Dean of Arts (1971-73), chairman of the history department (1975–79) and Astor Professor of British History (1979–84).Geoffrey Barrow) of the Royal Historical Society, which they held for six years.

According to Negley Harte, Christie told him that he had become an historian "because he wanted to understand why for centuries intelligent people had believed in Christianity".

In his second work, Wilkes, Wyvill and Reform: The Parliamentary Reform Movement in British Politics, 1760–1785 (1962), Christie explored the movement for parliamentary reform that was led by John Wilkes and Christopher Wyvill. Christie said of the Unreformed House of Commons: "[B]y and large this extraordinary system worked not unsuccessfully" and was "appropriate to the Britain of its day".John B. Owen called it an excellent general survey that superseded G. S. Veitch's The Genesis of Parliamentary Reform.

His third book, Crisis of Empire, was a scholarly narrative of the relationship between Britain and the American colonies between 1754 and 1783.


I. R. Christie

Christie wrote a considerable number of biographies for The History of Parliament's volume, The House of Commons, 1754–1790 (1964) but in 1969 he turned down the editorship of the 1790–1820 volumes due to his work at UCL.Jeremy Bentham's correspondence for UCL's The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham. He learnt Russian for this purpose, as Bentham had visited Catherine the Great in the hope that she would become an enlightened ruler.

He became a Fellow of the British Academy in 1977.Anthony Blunt's treason was exposed in 1979, Christie said he would have resigned from the Academy if Blunt had not been expelled or resigned. This led to a breach with his former tutor, A. J. P. Taylor, who resigned from the Academy in protest against the treatment of Blunt.

In 1983 he delivered the Ford Lectures at Oxford, on the reasons why Britain avoided revolution, which were subsequently published by Oxford University Press as Stress and Stability in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain (1984). Christie argued that eighteenth century Britain was a country where "oligarchical government stood foursquare on its foundations in the tacit consent of the people" and that "there was no danger of revolution in Britain in the 1790s".common law".John of Gaunt's "sceptred isle" speech from William Shakespeare's Richard II.

J. C. D. Clark said that Christie's theme in his Ford Lectures of a "deeply-shared sense of national identity" was perhaps "an unwelcome message to some of his audience", whose reaction was "often extremely cool".P. D. G. Thomas argued that Christie's "convincing synthesis" refuted E. P. Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class and that "Christie's characteristically subtle and systematic analysis is clinched by the imaginative flourish that British prejudice against foreigners was an antidote to the contagion of revolution".

In his retirement speech, Christie provoked controversy when he said that when he joined the department in 1948 there were great men in it, and that he was confident that one day there would be again.


I. R. Christie

Christie was also opposed to the revisionist history of the Second World War: when Maurice Cowling published an article in the Sunday Telegraph on the 50th anniversary of the war that questioned whether Britain should have fought Germany in 1939, Christie drafted a long letter to the paper's editor (with an even longer covering letter to Cowling), in which he defended the necessity of a war in defence of civilisation and vigorously denounced the Holocaust.

Personal life

In 1992 he married Ann Hastings.

Works

  * The End of North's Ministry, 1780–82 (1958).
  * Wilkes, Wyvill and Reform: The Parliamentary Reform Movement in British Politics, 1760–1785 (1962).
  * Crisis of Empire: Great Britain and the American Colonies 1754-1783 (1966).
  * Myth and Reality in Late-Eighteenth-Century British Politics, and Other Papers (1970).
  * ‘The Historians' Quest for the American Revolution’, in Anne Whiteman, J. S. Bromley and P. G. M. Dickson (eds.), Statesmen, Scholars and Merchants: Essays in Eighteenth-Century History presented to Dame Lucy Sutherland (Oxford University Press, 1973), pp. 181–201.
  * Empire or independence, 1760-1776: a British-American dialogue on the coming of the American Revolution, co-edited with Benjamin W. Labaree, (1976).
  * Stress and Stability in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain: Reflections on the British Avoidance of Revolution (1984).
  * ‘George III and the historians: thirty years on’, History, new ser., 71 (1986), pp. 205–21.
  * ‘Party in Politics in the Age of Lord North's Administration’, Parliamentary History 6 (1987), pp. 47–68.
  * ‘Conservatism and stability in British society’, in Mark Philp (ed.), The French Revolution and British Popular Politics (Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 169–187.
  * British ‘non-élite’ MPs, 1715–1820 (1995).


Contributions Agency Collection

A 1948 British National Insurance stamp (not from the Contributions Agency Collection).

The Contributions Agency Collection is a collection of British National Insurance stamps that forms part of the British Library Philatelic Collections.

  * Cinderella stamps
  * H.M. Stationery Office Collection
  * Revenue stamps of the United Kingdom
  * Revenue Society
  * The National Archives: Ministry of Labour and Ministry of National Insurance: National Insurance Stamps, correspondence.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to National Insurance stamps of the United Kingdom.


Ernest, Duke of Bavaria

This article is about a ruling duke. For non-ruling dukes, see Ernest of Bavaria (disambiguation).

Ernest of Bavaria-Munich (German: Ernst, Herzog von Bayern-München), (Munich, 1373 – 2 July 1438 in Munich), from 1397 Duke of Bavaria-Munich.

Biography

Ernest was a son of John II and ruled the duchy of Bavaria-Munich together with his brother William III.

He restrained uprisings of the citizenry of Munich in 1396 and 1410 and forced his uncle Stephen III to confine his reign to Bavaria-Ingolstadt in 1402. Afterwards Ernest still fought several times successfully against the dukes of Bavaria-Ingolstadt Stephen III and his son Louis VII the Bearded as ally of Henry XVI of Bavaria-Landshut. He was a member of the Parakeet Society and of the League of Constance.

After the extinction of the Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria-Straubing, counts of Holland and Hainaut, Ernest and his brother William struggled with Henry and Louis but finally received half of Bavaria-Straubing including the city of Straubing in 1429.

As ally of the House of Luxembourg Ernest backed his deposed brother in law Wenceslaus against the new king Rupert of the older branch of his own Wittelsbach dynasty as well as Wenceslaus' brother Sigismund in his wars against the supporters of Jan Hus. This led to devastations in Northern Bavaria until 1434.

When his son Albert III married secretly the maid Agnes Bernauer in 1432, Ernest ordered her murdered. She was accused of witchcraft and thrown into the River Danube and drowned. The civil war with his son finally ended with a reconciliation. He is buried in the Frauenkirche in Munich.

Family and children

Ernest married, in Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm, on 26 January 1395 to Elisabetta Visconti,Bernabò Visconti and had the following children:


Ernest, Duke of Bavaria

1. Albert III, Duke of Bavaria (23 March 1401, Munich–29 February 1460, Munich)
 2. Beatrix (c. 1403–12 March 1447, Neumarkt), married to:
     1. 1424 in Ortenburg Count Hermann III of Cilli;
     2. 1428 in Riedenburg Count Palatine John of Neumarkt.
 3. Elisabeth (c. 1406–5 March 1468, Heidelberg), married to:
     1. 1430 in Mainz Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg;
     2. 1440 in Worms Count Hesso of Leiningen.
 4. Amalie (1408–1432), a nun in St. Klara Monastery in Munich.
  * Thomas, Andrew L. (2010). A House Divided: Wittelsbach Confessional Court Cultures in the Holy Roman Empire, c. 1550-1650. Brill.

  * Bayern-München after the Straubingen Inheritance
  * "Ernst von Bayern-München". Germania Sacra people index (in German). Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities.


Melville Sewell Bagley

Melville Sewell Bagley (July 10, 1838, in Bangor, Maine – July 14, 1880, in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was the originator of the archetypical Argentine national liqueur Hesperidina and holder of the first patent and trademark to be registered in Argentina on that product.

Biography

Bagley's factory in Barracas, Buenos Aires (c. 1890)

Bagley was an American businessman who lived most of his life in Argentina but was born in 1838 in the state of Maine. Members of the family lived in Durham, Maine, and Bangor, Maine. He migrated first to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he worked in a dry goods store. In 1861 with the outbreak of the American Civil War he immigrated to Buenos Aires, Argentina where he worked for a commission merchant. He sought to own his enterprise and he found an opportunity. Bitter oranges had been planted as a decorative tree and street vendors had found that they could be sold as a refreshment, but Argentines were concerned about disposal of the peel. Many vendors chose to sell on the block in front of the National Palace. A prize was offered for someone who could find a creative way to collect and use the peels.

Bagley collected a large quantity of the peels and thru experimenting, created an aperitif and herbal flavored triple sec. He then took inspiration from recent American publicity techniques and put up posters with the legend "Hesperidina is Coming" ("Se viene Hesperidina") in prominent locations and in newspapers.Hesperidina to have a wheel come off in front of the newspaper headquarters.

The story of the cart and the product was picked up by the various newspapers and attracted significant attention in restaurants and saloons. It became a highly successful business which obtained the first patent and trademark. Hesperidina is considered the Argentine national liqueur.Bagley Argentina S.A., which was more successful. Both products are still manufactured.

  * Bagley (Argentine company)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Melville Sewell Bagley.


List of St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers women's basketball head coaches

The following is a list of St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers women's basketball head coaches. The Terriers have had 13 coaches in their 45-season history. The team is currently coached by Linda Cimino.

Tenure        Coach                 Years       Record   Pct.
1973–74       Christine McGowan     1           9–5      .643
1974–79       Dianne Nolan          5           61–57    .517
1979–82       Mary Convy            3           25–51    .329
1982–83       John Woods            1           5–22     .185
1983–86       Dominick Vulpis       3           27–49    .355
1986–87       Kevin A. Jones        1           14–15    .483
1987–88       Cecil King            1           4–22     .154
1988–99       Irma Garcia           6           68–288   .191
1999–00       Steve Fagan           1           2–25     .074
2000–03       Christine Cunningham  3           9–72     .111
2003–12       Brenda Milano         9           58–201   .224
2012–18       John Thurston         6           73–110   .399
2018–present  Linda Cimino          2           26–34    .433
Totals        13 coaches            47 seasons  384–872  .306


Narlıkuyu Museum

The mosaic in Narlıkuyu Museum

Narlıkuyu Mosaic Museum is a small museum in Narlıkuyu, Turkey that encompasses a Roman bath with a mosaic tile floor. The mosaic depicts the Three Graces.

Location

Main article: Narlıkuyu

Narlıkuyu is a town in Silifke ilçe (district) of Mersin Province. Narlıkuyu is 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Silifke and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Mersin. It is situated in a small Mediterranean bay which is fed by freshwater. The museum is actually a closed area of mosaic and it is situated just at the back of the restaurants at 36°26′38″N 34°06′49″E / 36.44389°N 34.11361°E.

History

During the Roman Empire, Narlıkuyu was called Porto Calamie. In the 4th century A.D., Poimenios, the Roman governor of nearby Corycus, (modern Kızkalesi) commissioned a bath and baptism complex in Porto Calamie. The source of the bath water was an underground stream from the sinkhole Cennet, which is in the Taurus Mountains, 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) northwest of Porto Calamie. The bath survives and, in 1976, a 65.28 m2 (702.7 sq ft) building was constructed to house the bath. The building is now under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture as a free-of-charge museum.

The mosaic

An inscription at the entrance of the bath reads:

Dear Visitor, if you wonder who has discovered the origin of this miraculous water, know that he is Poimenios, the friend of the emperors and the honest administrator of the holy islands.

— unknown,

The emperors mentioned were probably Arcadius (378-408) and Honorius (384-423).Princes' Islands of Marmara.


Narlıkuyu Museum

The bath floor is a mosaic. The mosaic depicts three Graces, Aglaea, Euphrosyne and Thalia, and a couple of partridges and doves. The local name of the mosaic is Üç Güzeller (English: Three beauties) The mosaic refers to the mythological story of the baptism of Aphrodite.


Devonald v Rosser & Sons

Devonald v Rosser & Sons [1906] 2 KB 728 is a UK labour law case concerning the contract of employment. It held that an implied term of employment contracts is that when there is no work available to be done, the employer must bear the risk by continuing to pay wages.

Facts

In a test case, Mr Devonald was a tinplate rollerman at Rosser & Sons’ factory in Cilfrew, South Wales. He was paid for each completed box of 112 tin plates. His contract said he was required to do the tasks set by the employer and that he would get 28 days' notice before termination. Unfortunately, tinplates were in decline and the employer announced the plant would close in two weeks. There was a six-week period, therefore, when the employer gave no work. The question was whether the employer had to pay, given that payment was really according to piece.

Judgment

Lord Alverston CJ held that the employee did not bear the risk of plant closure.

On the one hand we must consider the matter from the point of view of the employers who I agree will under ordinary circumstance desire to carry their works at a profit… On the other hand, we have to consider the position of the workman. The workman has to live; and the effect of the defendants' contention is that if the master at any time found that his works were being carried on at a loss, he might at once close down his works and cease to employ his men, who, even if they gave notice to quit the employment, would be bound to the master for a period of at least twenty-eight days during which time they would be unable to earn any wages at all. I agree with Jelf J that that is an unreasonable contention from the workman’s point of view. In my opinion the necessary implication to be drawn from this contract is at least that the master will find a reasonable amount of work up to the expiration of a notice given in accordance with the contract. …it seems that there is nothing unreasonable in the implication that the master shall look at least twenty-eight days ahead, or, to take the extreme case, as the notice has to be given on the first Monday in the month, fifty-seven days ahead, so as to place himself in a position to provide the workman with work during the period covered by the notice.


Devonald v Rosser & Sons

* UK labour law
  * Employment contract in English law
  * Autoclenz Ltd v Belcher [2011] UKSC 41
  *


David Brown (footballer, born 1969)

David Brown (born 29 September 1969) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Adelaide Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Originally from Port Adelaide, Brown was chosen as one of the Adelaide Crows initial recruits for the Crows' first season in the AFL in 1991. After 69 games in six seasons with Adelaide, Brown was recruited by Port Adelaide to be part of its own inaugural AFL squad in 1997. Brown played two seasons with Port's AFL team, playing 22 matches before being named captain of the Port Adelaide Magpies in 1999.

Brown was a member of Port Adelaide premierships on six occasions; 1988, 1989, 1992, 1996, 1998, 1999, and won the Jack Oatey Medal for best player in the grand final in 1996. He retired in 2001, having played 182 games in the SANFL and kicked 156 goals.

Brown holds the unique honour of being an inaugural player for both Adelaide (in 1991) and Port Adelaide (in 1997) in their first seasons in the AFL.

  * David Brown's playing statistics from AFL Tables
  * The Power From Port player profile


I. Paranthamen

I. Paranthamen is an Indian politician who is a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to represent the Egmore constituency as an Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 2021.

Electoral performance

2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Egmore
Party                Candidate  Votes              %        ±%
                     DMK        I. Paranthamen     68,832   58.29%  +12.64
                     AIADMK     B. John Pandian    30,064   25.46%  -11.33
                     MNM        U. Priyadarsini    9,990    8.46%   New
                     NTK        P. Geetha Lakshmi  6,276    5.31%   +4.11
                     DMDK       T. Prabhu          1,293    1.09%   -4.14
                     NOTA       NOTA               1,176    1.00%   -1.36
Margin of victory    38,768     32.83%             23.98%
Turnout              1,18,095   43.09%             -19.91%
Rejected ballots     179        0.15%
Registered electors  2,74,096
                     DMK hold   Swing              12.64%

2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Poonamallee
Party                Candidate    Votes             %        ±%
                     AIADMK       T. A. Elumalai    103,952  43.32%  -11.27
                     DMK          I. Paranthamen    92,189   38.41%  New
                     PMK          C. Parthasarathy  15,827   6.59%   New
                     MDMK         D. Kandan         15,051   6.27%   New
                     BJP          A. Amarnath       3,456    1.44%   New
                     NOTA         NOTA              3,265    1.36%   New
                     NTK          A. Ponnarasu      2,562    1.07%   New
                     BSP          V. Vijayabalaji   2,066    0.86%   New
Margin of victory    11,763       4.90%             -17.91%
Turnout              239,987      76.01%            -3.10%
Registered electors  315,718
                     AIADMK hold  Swing             -11.27%


ISGC

ISGC may refer to:

  * International Shakespeare's Globe Centre in London, England; a group of buildings and facilities, the centerpiece of which is "Shakespeare's Globe".
  * International Symposium on Grid Computing, also known as the International Symposium on Grids and Clouds; held annually in Taipei, Taiwan. see also: List of computer science conferences
  * Information Systems Group, Inc., a small U.S. IT company, which operates their corporate website at the domain name "isgc.com".
  * Illinois Space Grant Consortium, the component of Nasa's National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program based in the State of Illinois.
  * the Thermaltake ISGC Fan series; a brand of cooling fans for computers, produced by Thermaltake Technology Co., Ltd.
  * International Stargate Command, a location in the Stargate fictional universe.
  * International Steel Guitar Convention.
  * International Society of Gastroenterological Carcinogenesis
  * International Society of Guatemala Collectors; a postage stamp collecting group focussed on Guatemalan stamps.
  * Islamic Society of Greater Chattanooga; a mosque in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
  * Image Shape Ground Canvas .isgc filetype.


I. Marlene King

Ina Marlene KingFreeform teen drama series Pretty Little Liars, based on the book series of the same name by Sara Shepard.

Personal life

King has two sons. She grew up in Winchester, Indiana and Greenville, Ohio.

Filmography

Television

Year       Title                                    Credited as     Network            Notes
Writer     Director                                 Exec. producer  Creator/Developer  Showrunner
1996       If These Walls Could Talk                [Yes]           [No]               HBO         Television film
1999       Saving Graces                            [Yes]           [No]               —           Unsold pilot
2010–2017  Pretty Little Liars                      [Yes]           Freeform           —
2012       Pretty Dirty Secrets                     [No]            [Yes]              [No]        Web series
2013–2014  Ravenswood                               [Yes]           [No]               [Yes]       —
2017–2018  Famous in Love                           [Yes]           [No]               [Yes]       —
2017       The Heiresses                            [Yes]           [No]               [Yes]       ABC              Unsold pilot
2019       Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists  [Yes]           [No]               [Yes]       Freeform         —
2022       Pretty Little Liars: Original Sin        [No]            [Yes]              [No]        HBO Max          —

Films

Year                            Title         Credited as
Writer                          Producer
1995                            Now and Then  [Yes]
National Lampoon's Senior Trip  [Yes]         [No]
2006                            Just My Luck  [Yes]        [No]

Acting

Year  Title                Role                  Notes
2017  Pretty Little Liars  Wedding Photographer  Episode: "Till Death Do Us Part"

  * I. Marlene King at IMDb
  * I. Marlene King on Twitter


Contribution (song)

"Contribution" is a song by British singer-songwriter Mica Paris featuring American rapper Rakim. it was released as the lead single from her second studio album Contribution in 1990.

Track listing

CD single
No.  Title                            Lyrics                                                 Producer         Length
1.   "Contribution" (Transistor Mix)  Andres Levin, Camus Celli, Marga Roman, Michelle Vice  Dancin' Danny D  4:00
2.   "Showers of Love"                Mica Paris, Paul Armstrong, Will Johnson               Mica Paris       4:08

Maxi-single
No.  Title                                  Lyrics                                                 Producer         Length
1.   "Contribution" (Original Edit)         Andres Levin, Camus Celli, Marga Roman, Michelle Vice  Dancin' Danny D
2.   "Contribution" (Transistor Mix)        Andres Levin, Camus Celli, Marga Roman, Michelle Vice  Dancin' Danny D
3.   "Contribution" (The Revolution Remix)  Andres Levin, Camus Celli, Marga Roman, Michelle Vice  Dancin' Danny D
4.   "Showers of Love" (Extended Mix)       Mica Paris, Paul Armstrong, Will Johnson               Ultimatum

7" vinyl

Side one
No.  Title                            Lyrics                                                 Producer         Length
1.   "Contribution" (Transistor Mix)  Andres Levin, Camus Celli, Marga Roman, Michelle Vice  Dancin' Danny D  4:08

Side two
No.  Title              Lyrics                                    Producer    Length
2.   "Showers of Love"  Mica Paris, Paul Armstrong, Will Johnson  Mica Paris  3:21

12" vinyl

Side one
No.  Title                                           Lyrics                                                 Length
1.   "Contribution" (Make a Stand Mix)               Andres Levin, Camus Celli, Marga Roman, Michelle Vice
2.   "Contribution" (Make a Stand Mix Instrumental)  Andres Levin, Camus Celli, Marga Roman, Michelle Vice

Side two
No.  Title                           Lyrics                                                 Producer   Length
3.   "Contribution" (Original Edit)  Andres Levin, Camus Celli, Marga Roman, Michelle Vice
4.   "Contribution" (Acapella)       Andres Levin, Camus Celli, Marga Roman, Michelle Vice  Ultimatum

Charts

Chart performance for "Contribution"
Chart (1990)                          Peak
                                      position
Australia (ARIA)                      184
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)               91
UK Singles (OCC)                      33
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)  39
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)       20


Ernest, Margrave of Austria

Ernest (German: Ernst, 1027 – 10 June 1075), known as Ernest the Brave (Ernst der Tapfere), was the Margrave of Austria from 1055 to his death in 1075. He was a member of the House of Babenberg.

Biography

He was born to Margrave Adalbert of Austria and his wife Frozza Orseolo, daughter of Doge Otto Orseolo of Venice. He increased the territory of his margraviate by amalgamating the Bohemian and Hungarian frontier marches up to the Thaya, March and Leitha rivers in what is today Lower Austria. In his time, the colonisation of the remote Waldviertel region was begun by his ministeriales, the Kuenring knights.

Ernest received his epithet due to his fighting against King Béla I of Hungary and his son Géza I on behalf of their rival Solomon according to the chronicler Lambert of Hersfeld. In the commencing Investiture Controversy, he sided with King Henry IV of Germany and battled against the Saxons, dying at the Battle of Langensalza.

Marriage and children

In 1050 Ernest married Adelaide of Eilenburg (1030 – 26 January 1071), daughter of the Wettin margrave Dedi I of Lusatia, who gave him three children:

  * Leopold II, Margrave of Austria (1050–1095)
  * Justitia (d. 1120/1122), married Count Otto II of Wolfratshausen
  * Adalbert of Pernegg, Count of Bogen

In 1072 he secondly married Swanhild, daughter of Count Sighard VII in the Hungarian March.


Ernest, Margrave of Austria

* List of rulers of Austria
Citations
Bibliography
  * Beller, Steven (2007). A Concise History of Austria. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521478861.
  * Brooke, Z. N. (1938). A History of Europe: From 911 to 1198. London: Methuen & Company Ltd. ISBN 978-1443740708.
  * Lechner, Karl (1976). Die Babenberger: Markgrafen und Herzoge von Österreich 976–1246. Vienna: Böhlau. ISBN 978-3205085089.
  * Leeper, Alexander W. (1941). History of Medieval Austria. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0404153472.
  * Lingelbach, William E. (1913). The History of Nations: Austria-Hungary. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company. ASIN B000L3E368.
  * Pohl, Walter (1995). Die Welt der Babenberger. Graz: Verlag Styria. ISBN 978-3222123344.
  * Rickett, Richard (1985). A Brief Survey of Austrian History. Vienna: Prachner. ISBN 978-3853670019.
  * Wegener, Wilhelm (1965). Genealogischen Tafeln zur mitteleuropäischen Geschichte. Vienna: Verlag Degener.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ernest, Margrave of Austria.
  * Ernst der Tapfere at AEIOU


Melville Rogers

Melville F. RogersCanadian figure skater and figure skating judge. He competed in the disciplines of single skating, pair skating, ice dancing, and fours. He won the Canadian championship several times.

Personal life

Melville Falkner Rogers, son of Amos Frankford Rogers and Margaret Rebecca Falkner, was born in Ottawa, January 5, 1899 (Ontario birth registrations). Melville's siblings included Frankford Ernest Rogers (born April 20, 1897) and Gladys Margaret Rogers (born June 1, 1903). In Ottawa on March 5, 1927, Melville married Isobel Hossack Blyth, daughter of James Thorp Blyth and Isabella Evans Thomson (Ontario marriage registration). According to that marriage registration, Melville was a lawyer. Melville and Isobel (1904–1968) are buried in the Beechwood Cemetery, section 49, lot 44 (Beechwood Cemetery burial registers).

Skating career

National level

As a single skater, he won the Canadian Figure Skating Championships in 1923 and from 1925 to 1928.

As a pair skater, he won the silver medal at the 1922 Canadian Championships and the bronze medal at the 1923 Canadian Championships with partner Cecil Smith. During those years, he represented the Toronto Skate Club in competition. He won the 1925 Canadian Championships, the silver medal at the 1928 Championships, and the bronze medal at the 1929 Championships with Gladys Rogers, representing the Minto Skating Club. He won the bronze medal at the 1926 Canadian Championships with partner Isobel Blyth, whom he married in 1927 (Ontario marriage registration 1927 009200).

As an ice dancer, he won the silver medal at the 1940 Canadian Championships with Elmore Davis. They also won the Junior national title that same year.

In the fours discipline, he won the 1922 Canadian fours silver medal with partners Sidney Pepler, Frankford Rogers, and Katherine Capreol. He won the 1929 Canadian fours silver medal with partners Frances Claudet, Katherine Lopdell, and Guy Owen. He won the 1931 Canadian fours bronze medal with the same team as in 1929. He won the 1932 Canadian fours silver medal with partners Elmore Davis, Prudence Holbrook and Guy Owen. He won the 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, and 1937 Canadian fours title with the same team as in 1932.

Internationally


Melville Rogers

Internationally

He competed at the 1924 Winter Olympics as both a single skater and pair skater. He placed 7th in singles, and 7th in pairs with partner Cecil Smith. At those Olympics, Rogers became the first Canadian men's singles skater to compete at the Olympics and was also a member of the first Canadian pairs team to compete at the Olympics.

He won the North American singles title in 1925 and 1927. He won the 1925 silver medal in pairs with Gladys Rogers. He won the fours title in 1933, 1935, and 1937 with Margaret Davis, Prudence Holbrook, and Guy Owen.

He also competed in pairs with Isobel Rogers, formerly Isobel Blyth. They placed 5th at the 1930 World Figure Skating Championships

Results

Men's singles

Event                         1920  1921  1922  1923  1924  1925  1926  1927  1928
Winter Olympics                                       7th
North American Championships                    2nd         1st         1st
Canadian Championships        3rd   3rd   2nd   1st         1st   1st   1st   1st

Pairs

(with Rathbun)

Event                   1922
Canadian Championships  2nd

(with Smith)

Event                   1923  1924
Winter Olympics               7th
Canadian Championships  3rd

(with Rogers)

Event                         1925  1926  1927  1928  1929
North American Championships  2nd
Canadian Championships        1st               2nd   3rd

(with Blyth)

Event                   1926
Canadian Championships  3rd

Fours

(with Margaret Davis, Prudence Holbrook, and Guy Owen)

Event                         1933  1935  1937
North American Championships  1st   1st   1st

(with Frances Claudet, Kathleen Lopdell, and Guy Owen)

Event                         1931
North American Championships  1st

Professional career

Following his retirement from competitive skating, he worked as a judge. He served as the president of the Canadian Figure Skating Association for two terms and remained active with the Minto Skating Club for many years.

He was posthumously inducted into the Canadian Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1991.

  * "Canadian Championships official results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2009.
  * "Skate Canada results book" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 22, 2010.
  * IOC
  * ISU results
  * Canadian Association of figure skating
  * Canadian Figure Skating Hall of Fame profile


List of governors of Khost

This is a list of the governors of the province of Khost, Afghanistan.

Governors of Khost Province

Governor  Period                      Extra               Note
          Abdul Baqi Haqqani          between 1996-2001   Under the IEA (1996-2001), in this period he has also served as Governor of Paktika
          Abdul Hakim Taniwal         29 March 2002-???
          Merajuddin Patan            April 2004-????
          Arsala Jamal                August 2006 – 2008
          Hamidullah Qalandarzai      2008
                                      September 2009
          Tahir Khan Sabari (acting)  September 2009
                                      March 2010
          Abdul Jabbar Naeemi         March 2010
                                      Unknown
          Mohammad Sadiq Patman       7 July 2020
                                      ??
          Mohmand Katawazai
          Mohammad Nabi Omari         August 2021
                                      Present

  * List of current governors of Afghanistan


Morley Glacier

Morley Glacier ( 71°12′S 162°45′E / 71.200°S 162.750°E) is a steep tributary to Carryer Glacier, flowing south between Hicks Ridge and Mount Tokoroa in the Explorers Range of the Bowers Mountains in Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–62, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Australian International Geophysical Year observer Keith T. Morley, Weather Central Meteorologist at Little America V in 1958.

  * Morley Glacier on USGS website
  * Morley Glacier on the Antarctica New Zealand Digital Asset Manager website
  * Morley Glacier on AADC website
  * Morley Glacier on SCAR website
  * Morley Glacier area map

[Public Domain] This article incorporates public domain material from "Morley Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.


Jesper Asholt

Jesper Asholt.

Jesper Asholt (born 11 May 1960 in Silkeborg) is a Danish actor. He has performed in more than fifty films since 1992.

Selected filmography

Film
Year  Title               Role    Notes
2010  Nothing's All Bad
2008  Grisen (the pig)
2007  Temporary Release   Bo
2006  The Art of Crying   Father
2001  Monas verden        Chefen
2000  Flickering Lights
1999  Mifune's Last Song

Awards

  * 2000: Bodil Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for his role of Rud in Mifune
  * 2008: Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for The Art of Crying
  * Piil, M. (2003). Danske filmskuespillere: 525 portrætter (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen, Denmark: Gyldendal. ISBN 978-87-02-02104-2. OCLC 66748504. Archived from the original on 18 June 2016
  * Jesper Asholt at IMDb
  * Jesper Asholt at Den Danske Film Database (in Danish)


David Brown (American artist)

David Brown is an American contemporary artist, known for his landscapes and portraiture of his local community of Old Saybrook, Connecticut. He lives and works in what has become known as the "Hay House". It is the oldest such structure east of the Mississippi River.

Brown had a solo exhibition in November 2004 at the Florence Griswold Museum in Old Lyme, Connecticut. The exhibition featured a series of weekly landscapes of dusk and dawn from his home, a collection of portraits of people from the local community, and importantly, a set of four life size interiors of his home, the Hay House.

Brown's home is a one room cement home insulated with hay, called a 'hay house', with no electricity or running water. He has fields where he grows a variety of produce, to live on or to sell. “The message of the Hay House is ‘this is more than enough,” explains Brown. “I live better that 90% of the world’s population. My artwork is about appreciating what we have.”

Brown lived in Nepal during the 1970s, and taught art and English. Later, he worked for UNICEF and the government of India Department of Tourism as a photographer. Back in the United States, he worked as Operations Director for the Tibetan Cultural Center of Connecticut.

Brown was the subject of a documentary by Jeannie Newman, David Brown and the Hay House about his way of life.

On May 1, 2007, Brown's studio and much of his artwork was destroyed by fire. On November 4 and November 17, 2007, Brown held a public "barn raising" at his property during which the studio was re-built. The new structure is insulated with bales of hay.

  * Lymeline News "David Brown" 11/5/04 article on Florence Griswold Exhibit
  * David Brown and the Hay House Documentary on David Brown's life


Hypoleria sarepta

Hypoleria sarepta is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia and Peru.

Adults have translucent bluish wings and are heavily marked with orange.

Subspecies

  * H. s. sarepta (Brazil (Amazonas))
  * H. s. virginia (Hewitson, [1853]) (Brazil (Amazonas))
  * H. s. cidonia (Hewitson, [1857]) (Colombia)
  * H. s. oriana (Hewitson, [1859]) (Brazil (Amazonas))
  * H. s. famina Haensch, 1909 (Peru)
  * H. s. goiana d'Almeida, 1951 (Brazil (Goiás))
  * H. s. olerioides d'Almeida, 1951 (Brazil (Rondônia))
  * H. s. orianula Bryk, 1953 (Peru)
  * H. s. vitiosa Lamas, 1985 (Peru)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hypoleria sarepta.
Wikispecies has information related to Hypoleria sarepta.


ISF Waterloo

ISF Waterloo (International School of Flanders) is an international school for young people aged 2 ½ to 18. It is a member of the European Council for International Schools. The campus is located south of Brussels right on the border between the communes of Sint-Genesius-Rode and Waterloo. It currently has over 200 students enrolled, from 49 different nationalities, meaning that classes are usually small (around 18 students) . Every one of the teachers is trained in English as an Additional Language. French is taught daily to every student.

In 2015, ISF Waterloo has become the first Google for Education School in Belgium. Students access the learning resources on the Google platform using Chromebooks, tablets, and also the Interactive Whiteboard which is installed in every classroom. The school follows the International Primary Curriculum in Primary School. The Middle and High School students take the Cambridge International examinations.

The school sits on the site of the former World International School, which provided an international education in English for pupils aged 2½ to 18. It closed in 2012.

In 2021, ISF Waterloo has gained accreditation from Council of International Schools, which took five years to achieve, and also from Council of British International Schools.

General Facts

  * ISF Waterloo was the first school in Belgium to use Google for Education.
  * ISF Waterloo is also CIS and COBIS accredited.
  * ISF also has a Daycare/Creche which is exposed to a Trilingual envinronment, with English, French and Dutch.
  * ISF also offers English classes and workshops for parents
  * All teachers are Google Certified Educators
  * ISF also offers activities for every Secondary student on Monday
  * Primary students also can enroll in During-Recess or After-School activities
  * School website
  * www.expatica.com/be

50°44′08″N 4°23′42″E / 50.735546°N 4.395026°E


I. M. Singer

I. M. Singer may refer to:

  * Isadore Singer (1924–2021), American mathematician
  * Isaac Singer (1811–1875), inventor of the Singer sewing machine


Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media since 1947. The journal is a hybrid open-access journal. The journal covers the fields of igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, and mineralogy.

Abstracting and indexing

This journal is indexed in the following databases:

  * Science Citation Index Expanded
  * Current Contents - Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
  * Chemical Abstracts
  * VINITI

In 2018, the journal had an impact factor of 3.23.


Lazistan Sanjak

Laz people

Place of distribution
  * Lazistan
  * Georgia
  * Turkey
  * Germany
Religion
  * Sunni Islam
  * Christianity
      + Eparchy of Batumi and Lazeti
  * The Seven Brothers of Lazia
  * Laz Martyrs
  * Churches: Jibistasi, Noghedi, Pironity
Culture
  * Laz language
  * Laz grammar
  * Barchkhali
  * Dance
  * Cuisine
  * Agani Murutsxi (Newspaper)
History
  * Colchian culture
  * ancient Colchian tribes
  * Colchis
  * Satrapy of Persia
  * Greek colonisation
  * Pontus
  * Roman rule
  * Kingdom of Lazica
  * Christianization
  * Byzantine rule
  * Trebizond Empire
  * Kingdom of Imereti
  * Ottoman rule
      + Hellenization
  * Laz rebellion (1832–1834)
Related peoples
  * Mingrelians
  * Svans
  * other groups of Georgians

  * v
  * t
  * e

Lazistan (Laz: ლაზონა / Lazona,Lazeti, ჭანეთი / Ç'aneti; Ottoman Turkish: لازستان, Lazistān) was the Ottoman administrative name for the sanjak, under Trebizond Vilayet, comprising the Laz or Lazuri-speaking population on the southeastern shore of the Black Sea. It covered modern day land of contemporary Rize Province and the littoral of contemporary Artvin Province.

History

After the Ottoman conquest of Trebizond Empire and later Ottoman invasion of Guria in 1547, Laz populated area known as Lazia became its own distinctive area (sanjak) as part of eyalet of Trabzon, under the administration of a Governor who governed from the town of Rizaion (Rize). His title was "Lazistan Mutasserif"; in other words "Governor of Lazistan". The Lazistan sanjak was divided into cazas, namely those of: Ofi, Rizaion, Athena, Hopa, Gonia and Batum.


Lazistan Sanjak

Not only the Pashas (governors) of Trabzon until the 19th century, but real authority in many of the cazas (districts) of each sanjak by the mid-17th century lay in the hands of relatively independent native Laz derebeys ("valley-lords"), or feudal chiefs who exercised absolute authority in their own districts, carried on petty warfare with each other, did not owe allegiance to a superior and never paid contributions to the sultan. This state of insubordination was not really broken until the assertion of Ottoman authority during the reforms of the Osman Pasha in 1850s.

In 1547, Ottomans acquired the coastal fortress of Gonia, which served as capital of Lazistan; then Batum until it was acquired by the Russians in 1878, throughout the Russo-Turkish War, thereafter, Rize became the capital of the sanjak. The Muslim Lazs living near the war zones in Batumi Oblast were subjected to ethnic cleansing; many Lazes living in Batumi fled to the Ottoman Empire, settling along the southern Black Sea coast to the east of Samsun and Marmara region.

Around 1914 Ottoman policy towards the Christian population shifted; state policy was since focused to the forceful migration of Christian Pontic Greek and Laz population living in coastal areas to the Anatolian hinterland. In the 1920s Christian population of the Pontus were expelled to Greece.

In 1917, after the Russian Revolution, Lazs became citizens of Democratic Republic of Georgia, and eventually became Soviet citizens after the Red Army invasion of Georgia in 1921. Simultaneously, a treaty of friendship was signed in Moscow between Soviet Russia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, whereby southern portions of former Batum Oblast - later known as Artvin, was awarded to Turkey, which renounced its claims to Batumi.

The autonomous Lazistan sanjak existed until the end of the empire in 1923. The designation of the term of Lazistan was officially banned in 1926, by the Kemalists.Rize and Artvin provinces.

Population

The population of Lazistan was made up of Sunni Muslim Laz, Turks, and Hemshin people. The Christian population were around and made up of Pontic Greeks and Armenian Apostolic Christians


Lazistan Sanjak

Population of Lazistan in 1914
Kaza (district)                 Muslim   Greek  Armenian  Jewish  Others  Total
Rize                            122.055  1,507  5         -       -       123.567
Atina                           50,297   171    28        -       -       50.496
Hopa                            38,156   44     2         -       -       38,202

Total                           210,508  1,722  35        -       -       212,265

Religion

The Ottomans fought for three centuries to destroy the Christian-Georgian consciousness of the Laz people. The execution of the Three Hundred Laz Martyrs took place on Mt. Dudikvati (lit. “the place of beheading”) and on Mt. Papati (lit. “the place of the clergy”) respectively. The beheading of some three hundred Laz warriors on a single mountain between the years 1600 and 1620 and the martyrdom of the clergy at one local monastery was what occurred during this massacre, and resulted in the dissolution of the Clergy and subsequent conversion to Islam or Hellenization of the Laz people.Georgian Orthodox Church, had to adhere to the rules of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Part of the native population became targets of the Ottoman Islamization policy and gradually converted to Islam, while the second part of the people who remained orthodox subordinated to the Greek Church, thus gradually becoming Greeks as part of the process known as the Hellenization of Laz people. Lazs who were under the control of Constantinople soon lost their language and self-identity as they became Greeks and learned Greek, especially the Pontic dialect of Greek, although the Laz language was preserved by Lazs who had instead become Muslim.

Economy

Historically, Lazistan was known for producing hazelnuts, which were exported to and from Trabzon.zinc, producing over 1,700 tons in 1901.

  * Laz people
  * Ajaria
  * Pontus

Media related to Lazistan Sanjak at Wikimedia Commons


Goodbye 20th Century: A Biography of Sonic Youth is a 2009 biography on the American alternative rock band Sonic Youth, written by David Browne. It was published by Da Capo Press.

  * Huffington Post review of the book
  * Los Angeles Times article on the book


List of governors of Lop Buri

List of the provincial governors (ผู้ว่าราชการจังหวัด) of Lop Buri Province, Thailand.


List of governors of Lop Buri

No.  Name                           Thai                          Years in office
1    Phraya Phisutthitham Thada     พระยาพิสุทธิธรรมธาดา          1899-1912
2    Phraya Sunthon Songkhram       พระยาสุนทรสงคราม              1912-14
3    Phraya Nakhon Phra Ram         พระยานครพระราม                1914-17
4    Phraya Phitsanulok Buri        พระยาพิษณุโลกบุรี             1917-21
5    Phraya Wiset Chai Chan         อำมาตย์เอกพระยาวิเศษไชยชาญ    1921-23
6    Phraya Kamchat Sona Thucharit  พ.ต.อ.พระยากำจัดโสณฑ์ทุจริต   1923-26
7    Phraya Nayok Norachon          พระยานายกนรชน                 1926-27
8    Phra Borihan Thep Thani        อำมาตย์โทพระบริหารเทพธานี     1927-30
9    Phraya Phetchara Aphiban       พระยาเพ็ชรอภิบาล              1930-33
10   Phraya Anachak Aphiban         พระยาอาณาจักรบริบาล           1933
11   Luang Thamnakka Nikonrachon    หลวงทำนักนิกรชน               1933-35
12   Luang Sarit Sara Lak           หลวงสฤษฎิ์สาราลักษณ์          1935-36
13   Luang Atsawin Siri Wilat       พ.ต.ต.หลวงอัศวินศิริวิลาศ     1936-37
14   Luang Yuttha Sara Prasit       พ.ต.หลวงยุทธสารประสิทธิ์      June 21, 1937 – 1938
15   Phra Phichai Son Phlaeng       พ.อ.พระพิชัยศรแผลง            1938-April 18, 1939
16   Luang Yothi Phithak            หลวงโยธีพิทักษ์               December 4, 1939 – 1940
17   Khun Chan Chaichak             ร.อ.ขุนชาญ ใช้จักร ร.น.       July 19, 1940 – 1942
18   Khun Thong Sunthonsaeng        พ.ต.ขุนทอง สุนทรแสง           1942
19   Sak Thaiwat                    นายศักดิ์ ไทยวัฒน์            May 1, 1942 – 1945
20   Chom Chatinan                  นายชม ชาตินันท์               July 7, 1945 – 1946
21   Khun Buri Phirom Kit           ขุนบุรีภิรมย์กิจ              October 16, 1946 – August 18, 1947
22   Luang Si Narasai               หลวงศรีนราศัย                 August 22, 1947 – December 5, 1948
23   Sak Thaiwat                    นายศักดิ์ ไทยวัฒน์            December 7, 1948 – February 28, 1951
24   Chalo Wanaphuti                นายชลอ วนะภูติ                January 14, 1951 – April 3, 1953
25   Sawat Phibunnakharin           นายสวัสดิ์ พิบูลนครินทร์      April 3, 1953 – December 7, 1957


List of governors of Lop Buri

26   San Ekmahachai                 นายสันต์ เอกมหาชัย            August 6, 1957 – August 30, 1959
27   Yut Nunphakdi                  นายยุทธ หนุนภักดี             August 30, 1959 – September 30, 1967
28   Samat Wayawanon                พล.ต.ต.สามารถ วายวานนท์       October 1, 1967 – September 30, 1972
29   Chalong Watcharakon            นายฉลอง วัชรากร               October 1, 1972 – September 30, 1976
30   Wit Nimnuan                    พล.ต.วิทย์ นิ่มนวล            October 1, 1976 – July 23, 1977
31   Chao-wat Sutlapha              นายเชาวน์วัศ สุดลาภา          July 24, 1977 – July 30, 1979
32   Chodok Wiratham Phunsawat      นายโชดก วีรธรรม พูลสวัสดิ์    September 1, 1979 – April 20, 1981
33   Withan Suwannathat             นายวิธาน สุวรรณทัต            April 25, 1981 – September 30, 1984
34   Chit Ninlaphanit               นายชิต นิลพานิช               October 1, 1984 – March 31, 1987
35   Anek Rotchanaphaibun           นายเอนก โรจนไพบูลย์           November 1, 1987 – October 31, 1989
36   Prakrit Ruamwong               เรืออากาศตรีประกฤติ ร่วมวงศ์  November 1, 1989 – September 30, 1991
37   Wichian Pao-in                 นายวิเชียร เปาอินทร์          October 1, 1991 – September 30, 1994
38   Manut Watthanakomen            นายมนุชญ์ วัฒนโกเมร           October 1, 1994 – September 30, 1999
39   Thawisak Wiangwiset            นายทวีศักดิ์ เวียงวิเศษ       October 1, 1999 – April 30, 2002
40   Chanin Buaprasoet              นายชนินทร์ บัวประเสริฐ        May 1, 2002 – September 30, 2003
41   Parinya Udomsap                นายปริญญา อุดมทรัพย์          October 1, 2003 – September 30, 2004
42   Wichai Sikhwan                 นายวิชัย ศรีขวัญ              October 1, 2004 – November 12, 2006
43   Suwat Tantiphat                นายสุวัฒน์ ตันติพัฒน์         November 13, 2006 – September 30, 2007
44   Charuphong Phonladet           นายจารุพงศ์ พลเดช             October 1, 2007 – September 30, 2009
45   Chatchai Phromlert             นายฉัตรชัย พรหมเลิศ           October 1, 2009 – September 30, 2012
46   Phichet Phaibunsiri            นายพิเชษฐ ไพบูลย์ศิริ         October 8, 2012 – October 1, 2013


List of governors of Lop Buri

47   Thanakom Chongchira            นายธนาคม จงจิระ               October 2, 2013 – September 30, 2015
48   Phanu Yaemsri                  นายภานุ แย้มศรี               October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2017
49   Supakit Phopaphaphan           นายสุปกิต โพธิ์ปภาพันธ์       October 1, 2017 – September 30, 2020
50   Niwat Rungsakorn               นายนิวัฒน์ รุ่งสาคร           October 1, 2020 – Incumbent


List of governors of Lop Buri

Comment: Till 1941 the Thai year began on April 1, thus some of the years in the table above may be off by one

  * List of Lop Buri Governors


Morley and Leeds South (UK Parliament constituency)

Morley and Leeds South (often known as Leeds South and Morley) was a borough constituency in West Yorkshire, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1983 until it was abolished for the 1997 general election.

History

This was a safe Labour seat during the three parliaments of its existence. The former Home Secretary Merlyn Rees was the MP from 1983 to 1992.

Boundaries

The City of Leeds wards of Hunslet, Middleton, Morley North, and Morley South.

The constituency was located on the southern outskirts of the City of Leeds and included the town of Morley. The area is now more or less covered by Leeds Central and Morley and Outwood.

Members of Parliament

Election  Member  Party
          1983    Merlyn Rees                                                     Labour
          1992    John Gunnell                                                    Labour
          1997    constituency abolished: see Morley and Rothwell, Leeds Central

Elections

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1983: Morley and Leeds South
Party     Candidate              Votes         %       ±%
          Labour                 Merlyn Rees   18,995  45.9
          Conservative           William Hyde  13,141  31.8
          SDP                    Peter Burley  9,216   22.3
Majority  5,854                  14.1
Turnout   41,352                 67.9
          Labour win (new seat)

General election 1987: Morley and Leeds South
Party     Candidate     Votes           %       ±%
          Labour        Merlyn Rees     21,551  49.5  +3.6
          Conservative  Tessa Holdroyd  14,840  34.2  +2.4
          SDP           Edward Dawson   7,099   16.3  −6.0
Majority  6,711         15.3            +1.2
Turnout   43,490        71.6            +3.7
          Labour hold   Swing           +0.6

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1992: Morley and Leeds South
Party     Candidate          Votes            %       ±%
          Labour             John Gunnell     23,896  52.2  +2.7
          Conservative       George Booth     16,524  36.1  +1.9
          Liberal Democrats  Joan Walmsley    5,062   11.1  −5.2
          Natural Law        Robert Thurston  327     0.7   New
Majority  7,372              16.1             +0.8
Turnout   45,809             72.5             +0.9
          Labour hold        Swing            +0.4

  * List of parliamentary constituencies in West Yorkshire


* List of parliamentary constituencies in West Yorkshire

Notes and references


The Joint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center (JOPC) is a subordinate center of United States Space Command's Combined Force Space Component Command. It is responsible for planning and coordinating overhead persistent infra-red operations. The JOPC is located at Buckley Space Force Base.

Mission

The Joint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center is a joint endeavor between United States Space Command and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. The JOPC develops integrated OPIR collection and exploitation strategies and plans for OPIR sensors (both Intelligence Community, inc. National Reconnaissance Office and Department of Defense sensors,Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS). These plans and strategies support missile warning, missile defense, awareness of the operating environment, technical intelligence, and civil/environmental mission areas.


David Brower

For the Florida politician, see David L. Brower.

David Ross Brower (/ˈbraʊ.ər/; July 1, 1912 – November 5, 2000) was a prominent environmentalist and the founder of many environmental organizations, including the John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies (1997), Friends of the Earth (1969), Earth Island Institute (1982), North Cascades Conservation Council, and Fate of the Earth Conferences. From 1952 to 1969, he served as the first Executive Director of the Sierra Club, and served on its board three times: from 1941–1953; 1983–1988; and 1995–2000 as a petition candidate enlisted by reform-activists known as the John Muir Sierrans. As a younger man, he was a prominent mountaineer.

Early life

Brower was born in Berkeley, California. He was married to Anne Hus Brower (1913–2001) whom he met when they were both editors at the University of California Press in Berkeley.John P. Irish.

Kenneth Brower, David Brower's son, authored a number of books, most notably The Starship and the Canoe about Freeman Dyson and his son George Dyson.

Mountaineering achievements


David Brower

Mountaineering achievements

Beginning his career as a world-class mountaineer with more than 70 first ascents to his credit, Brower came to the environmental movement through his interest in mountaineering. In 1933, Brower spent seven weeks in the High Sierra with George Rockwood. After a close call with a loose rock while climbing in the Palisades, he met Norman Clyde in the wilderness, who gave him some valuable climbing lessons. On that trip he also met Hervey Voge, who persuaded him to join the Sierra Club. On May 18, 1934, along with Voge, he began a ten-week climbing trip through the High Sierra, to survey climbing routes and maintain mountaineering records for the club. Previously, they had established several food caches along their planned route, which began at Onion Valley and ended at Tuolumne Meadows. In all, the pair climbed 63 peaks on this trip, including 32 first ascents. On the first day, they climbed Mount Tyndall, Mount Williamson, and Mount Barnard. From June 23 to 26, the pair made eight first ascents in the Devils Crags along with Norman Clyde, and also climbed Mount Agassiz. Clyde called the Devils Crag climbs "one of the most remarkable mountaineering feats ever accomplished in the United States". In the Palisades range, the pair climbed Thunderbolt Peak, traversed to North Palisade by way of Starlight Peak, and descended the U-Notch Couloir. In the Sawtooth Range, they climbed The Doodad, the West Tooth, and Matterhorn Peak.

Following a failed attempt in 1935 to make the first ascent of the remote, icy Mount Waddington in British Columbia, with a Sierra Club group, Brower added winter climbing to his expertise and made multiple first winter ascents of peaks in the Sierra Nevada.

[photo of Shiprock]

Shiprock, first climbed by David Brower and friends in 1939

From October 9 to 12, 1939, a Sierra Club climbing team including Brower, along with Bestor Robinson, Raffi Bedayn, and John Dyer, completed the first ascent of Shiprock, the erosional remnant of the throat of a volcano with nearly vertical walls on the Navajo reservation in northwestern New Mexico. This climb, rated YDS III, 5.7 A2, was the first in the United States to use expansion bolts for protection.


David Brower

Twelve previous attempts on Shiprock had failed, and it was known as "the last great American climbing problem". The Brower party's success was described as an "outstanding effort" by "probably the only group on the continent capable of making the climb".

Brower made the first ascent of seventy routes in Yosemite and elsewhere in the western United States.

World War II

In 1942, Brower edited and contributed to the Manual of Ski Mountaineering, published by the University of California Press and Cambridge University Press for use in training Allied mountain combat troops during World War II. Techniques described in this book were used by U.S. forces in the battles in the North Apeninnes and the Lake Garda Alps. The book was published in three later revised editions.

During World War II, he served as a lieutenant in the 10th Mountain Division, training its soldiers in mountaineering and cross-country skiing in Vermont and the state of Washington and earning a Bronze Star in action in Italy.Fire on the Mountain. He served as a major in the Army Reserve for many years after the war ended.

Career with Sierra Club

After the war, Brower returned to his job at the University of California Press, and began editing the Sierra Club Bulletin in 1946. He managed the Sierra Club annual High Trips from 1947 to 1954.Echo Park Dam in Utah's Dinosaur National Monument. Taking advantage of his background in publishing, Brower rushed This is Dinosaur – edited by Wallace Stegner with photographs by Martin Litton and Philip Hyde – into press with publisher Alfred Knopf. Conservationists successfully lobbied Congress to delete Echo Park Dam from the Colorado River Storage Project in 1955, and the Sierra Club received much of the credit.

Coffee table books