Quantum Key

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Babyblaue-Seiten  11/15

Quantum Key is a 2015 mini-album by Tangerine Dream. It is roughly the group's 145th release. It is a precursor and companion album to the 2017 major studio album Quantum Gate.

Track listing

All tracks composed by Edgar Froese, Thorsten Quaeschning and Ulrich Schnauss except where noted

 1. "Genesis of Precious Thoughts" – 9:13
 2. "Electron Bonfire" – 5:05
 3. "Drowning in Universes" – 11:07
 4. "Mirage of Reality" – 6:44 (Quaeschning, Schnauss)

Personnel

Tangerine Dream

  * Edgar Froese – synthesizers, guitar
  * Thorsten Quaeschning – Musical director, synthesizers, guitar, steel drums, bass guitar
  * Ulrich Schnauss – synthesizers, sequencer
  * Hoshiko Yamane – violin

Credits

  * Bianca Froese-Acquaye – producer
  * Birgir Jón Birgisson – mastering
  * Katja Zerull – printing supervisor
  * Ian Laidlaw – band photography
  * Tangerine Dream: Quantum Key at Discogs (list of releases)


Jasper String Quartet

The Jasper String Quartet is a professional string quartet based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Currently the Ensemble in Residence at Temple University's Center for Gifted Young Musicians,Oberlin ConservatoryRice University (2006–2008) and Yale University (2008–2010). The group's primary mentors are James Dunham, Norman Fischer and the Tokyo String Quartet. In 2010, they joined the roster of Astral Artists.

The Jasper String Quartet received Chamber Music America's prestigious Cleveland Quartet AwardAaron Jay Kernis' 3rd String Quartet "River".Caramoor Center for Music and the Arts, Chamber Music Northwest, Chamber Music Monterey Bay, Carnegie Hall, Classic Chamber Concerts of Naples, FL and Wigmore Hall. Funding was also provided by the Chamber Music America Classical Commissioning Program, with generous funding provided by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the Chamber Music America Endowment Fund.

The Jasper String Quartet records for the Sono Luminus Label.

Members

J Freivogel, violin

Karen Kim, violin

Andrew Gonzalez, viola

Rachel Henderson Freivogel, cello

Awards and recognition

  * 2017 – Record album "Unbound" named as one of the New York Times top 25 Classical Music Recordings of 2017
  * 2014 – Chamber Music America's Classical Commissioning Grant Recipient
  * 2012 – Cleveland Quartet Award
  * 2012 – Chamber Music America's Residency Partnership Program Grant Recipient – in partnership with Astral Artists
  * 2010–2012 – String Quartet in Residence at Oberlin Conservatory
  * 2010 – Yale School of Music’s Horatio Parker Memorial Prize
  * 2009–2011 – Caramoor Center's Ernst Stiefel String Quartet in Residence
  * 2008 and 2009 – Silver Medal at the Fischoff Chamber Music Competition
  * 2008 – Grand Prize and the Audience Prize in the Plowman Chamber Music Competition
  * 2008 – Grand Prize at the Coleman Competition
  * 2008 – First Prize at Chamber Music Yellow Springs

Recordings


Jasper String Quartet

Recordings

  * The Kernis Project: Beethoven – Beethoven Op. 59 No. 3, Kernis Quartet No. 2 "musica instrumentalis" (2011)
  * The Kernis Project: Schubert – Schubert D. 810 "Death and the Maiden", Kernis Quartet No. 1 "musica celestis" (2012)
  * Beethoven Op. 131 (2014, digital only release)
  * Unbound – "Valencia" by Caroline Shaw, "Death Valley Junction" by Missy Mazzoli, "The Blue Horse Walks on the Horizon" by Annie Gosfield, "Four on the Floor" by Judd Greenstein, "almost all the time" David Lang, "Pushpulling" by Donnacha Dennehy, "Excerpts from the middle of something" by Ted Hearne
  * Jasper String Quartet – official site
  * Dispeker Artists Archived 2015-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
  * Astral Artists


Livai Nalagilagi

Livai Nalagilagi is a former Fijian rugby league footballer who represented Fiji at the 1995 World Cup.

Playing career

Nalagilagi played for Fiji in the 1992 World Sevens.Penrith Panthers in the 1994 NSWRL Premiership. Between 1994 and 1996 he played five test matches for Fiji.


Social evolution

Social evolution may refer to:

  * Sociocultural evolution, the change of cultures and societies over time
  * Sociobiology, explaining social behavior in terms of evolution
  * Cultural evolution, an evolutionary theory of social change
  * Evolution of eusociality, the evolution of highly cooperative behaviors in animal species
  * Social Evolution, an 1894 book by Benjamin Kidd


Henry Devenish Harben

Henry Harben

Henry Devenish Harben (1874 – 18 May 1967) was a British barrister and Liberal Party politician who later joined the Labour Party. He was a notable supporter of women's suffrage.

Early life

He was the son of Henry Andrade Harben and the grandson of Sir Henry Harben who founded Prudential Assurance, Harben was educated at Eton College and Magdalen College, Oxford, before qualifying as a barrister. He married Agnes Helen Bostock. He stood unsuccessfully for the Conservative Party in Eye at the 1900 general election, but by 1902 had switched his affiliation to the Liberal Party.Worcester at the 1906 general election. Although he lost the election, he petitioned the election court on the grounds that supporters of the winner, George Henry Williamson, had engaged in widespread bribery. He won the case, but the seat was left vacant until a by-election in 1908, and the local Liberal Party adopted a new candidate.Portsmouth at the December 1910 general election, but came bottom of the poll.

Fabianism and women's suffrage

By 1910, Harben had joined the Fabian Society, which published his pamphlet, "The Endowment of Motherhood". He was elected to the society's executive the following year,Clifford Allen's Inter-University Socialist Federation. Although at the time, Liberal Party members were permitted to hold office in the Fabian Society, it was affiliated to the Labour Party and the position of Liberals was a matter of ongoing debate.Barnstaple, the sitting Liberal MP having decided to contest another seat.women's suffrage, he resigned from the Liberals in 1912, stating that he could not remain a member while the party, he claimed, persecuted suffragettes.Daily Herald newspaper, and became treasurer of The Men’s Political Union for Women’s Enfranchisement.

Harben gave both financial and practical support to the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in the run-up to World War I, providing accommodation for Annie Kenney on her release from prison, and making the same offer to leading figures in the movement. He also provided £50 funding annually to Sylvia Pankhurst's East London Federation of Suffragettes.Daily Herald that it was able to purchase its own printing press and remain open,New Statesman.


Henry Devenish Harben

Harben and his wife, Agnes Harben, attended the International Woman Suffrage Alliance conference in 1913. Agnes was active in the WSPU, but left the following year, while Harben left the Men's Political Union, Agnes becoming a founder member of the United Suffragists. Despite this, Harben visited Christabel Pankhurst in Paris to inform her that she could rely on his financial support on matters relating to women's suffrage.

Later life

During the First World War, Harben bought the Hotel Majestic in Paris and converted it into a hospital. He also joined the Labour Party, and stood for it, unsuccessfully, at the 1920 Woodbridge by-election. He retained his friendship with Sylvia Pankhurst, and paid for her son Richard's university education.

Harben's son, also Henry Harben, became a first-class cricketer.


New Cavendish Club

The New Cavendish Club was a London private members' club, run along the lines of a traditional gentlemen's club, although it had been founded as a Ladies-only club. It was located at 44-48 Great Cumberland Place in the Marylebone district.

History

It was founded in 1920 by Margaret Russell, Lady Ampthill in her capacity as Chairman of the Voluntary Aid Detachment of nurses during World War I, and was intended to be "a first class Ladies' Club" for veteran nurses of the VAD.

The club opened with its inaugural dinner on 14 June 1920, with a 999-year lease acquired on premises at Queen Anne House, 28 Cavendish Square. The building was formerly Marshall Thomson's Hotel, which is described in William Makepeace Thackeray's Vanity Fair . The club's dining room was originally staffed by VAD veterans from the war. The Cavendish Square building was damaged by a fire bomb during the Blitz.

In 1957, the club sold its clubhouse, and moved in 1959 to its new premises in Great Cumberland Place, which required extensive modernisation - bomb damage from the war meant that the interior had to be almost entirely rebuilt from scratch. Between vacating the old building in September 1958 and moving to the new one in December 1959, the club's members were welcomed at several other London clubs on a temporary basis.

After the move, membership was then offered to members of the defunct Cowdray Club and Guide Club, as well as women of the Magistrates Association and the Women's Voluntary Service. Men were also finally admitted.

The club closed in 2014 and, after period of negotiation, the remaining members were invited to join the Naval and Military Club. The Clubhouse was sold to Home House private members' club and is being re-launched as "Home Grown" - a private members' business club.

Notable members

  * Margaret Russell, Lady Ampthill (founder)
  * Queen Mary (patron)
  * Princess Mary (honorary member)
  * List of London's gentlemen's clubs
  * Official website

51°30′57.49″N 0°9′36.34″W / 51.5159694°N 0.1600944°W


Goodbye (Slaughterhouse song)

"Goodbye" is the fourth single of the hip hop group Slaughterhouse from their album Welcome to: Our House, which was released on August 28, 2012. The song features Ming-Xia formally of The Spooks. The song features production by Boi-1da. It was available to purchase on iTunes on August 14, 2012. There is a remix featuring Fat Joe, dedicated to Chris Lighty.

Music video

A music video for the song was released on November 9, 2012 under VEVO on YouTube.

Track listing

Digital single
No.  Title      Writer(s)               Producer(s)          Length
                  * Joell Ortiz
                  * Dominick Wickliffe    * Boi-1da
1.   "Goodbye"    * Joe Budden            * Matthew Burnett  5:02
                  * Matthew Samuels       * Eminem
                  * Matthew Burnett
                  * I. Perez

Notes
  * ^[a] signifies an additional producer.
  * ^[b] signifies a co-producer.

Release history

Country        Date             Format            Label
United States  August 14, 2012  Digital download  Shady, Interscope

Charts

Chart (2012)                  Peak
                              position
US R&B/Hip-Hop Digital Songs  49
US Rap Digital Songs          50


HD 114837

HD 114837 is a suspected binary starconstellation of Centaurus. The brighter star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.90.common proper motion companion at an angular separation of 4.2″, as of 2014.parallax shift of 55.0143″ as seen from Earth's orbit, light years. It is moving closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −64 km/s,21.8 ly in around 240,600 years.

The primary component is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F6 V Fe-0.4,spectrum. It is about 3.4 billion years old with 1.14mass of the Sun and about 1.3Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,346 K.


Habenaria plantaginea

Habenaria plantaginea is a species of orchid native to Asia.

The specific epithet plantaginea may have originated from the plant's resemblance to the genus Plantago.

Distribution

Habenaria plantaginea

This orchid species is native to tropical and sub-tropical habitats, in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Southeast Asia. The plant prefers shady places in wild. In India it grows in moist and dry deciduous forests. It prefers bushes on rock cervices.

Description

The plant attains a height of about 20–40 centimetres (7.9–15.7 in). Its flowers are white.

Flowers glabrous white with narrowly lanceolate bracts. Dorsal sepals are erect, obtuse at the tip and prominently 3-nerved. Lateral sepals thick, 4 nerved, lateral petals are narrower than the sepals one nerved, more or less hyaline. Lip trilobed, long-spurred with porrect sidelobes. Ovary is shortly stalked. Tubers is oblong, hairy bear 1 or 2 per plant.


Royal Pump Room Gardens

The gardens and pre-2019 bandstand

The Royal Pump Room Gardens is a popular open space found in the centre of Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England, next to the Royal Pump Rooms and just north of the River Leam. Despite being named "gardens" there is only one 5.4-acre (22,000 m2) area divided by footpaths with an ironwork bandstand in the centre.

Opened in 1814 with the Pump Rooms themselves, to begin with the gardens were only for the use of patrons of the Pump Rooms "to afford them pleasant promenades." The original bandstand was later erected and bands played in the afternoon and evening during the summer (and other public holidays) for those paying to use the baths. During these early days the famed tightrope walker Charles Blondin crossed the area in July 1851.The Regent Hotel. In 1893 a pedestrian bridge called York Bridge was built over the river. The second bandstand was designed by Walter MacFarlane & Co and founded in Glasgow. It was installed in 1896.

The gardens originally contained decorative flower beds but with the decline in fortunes of the Pump Rooms themselves these have been grassed over. Bands still play in the bandstand, although very infrequently but the gardens host the annual Leamington Peace Festival, a fun fair once a year and farmers markets once a month. It is also a popular place for young people, especially those from the nearby Warwick University to sunbathe and play football. As it lies so close to the river it is part of the town that is most frequently flooded. The last two times such floods occurred were at Easter 1998 and in the summer of 2007.

In March 2012 new lights in iron arches (commonly known as the Linden Arches) were erected along the pathway furthest from the river. They were officially unveiled by Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pump Room Gardens.
  * Cave, Lyndon F (1988) "Royal Leamington Spa", Phillimore, Chichester

52°17′14″N 1°32′08″W / 52.2873°N 1.5356°W


Quantum Devil Saga: Avatar Tuner, Vol. 1 (クォンタムデビルサーガ アバタールチューナー I, Kuontamu Debiru Sāga Abatāru Chūnā I, Quantum Devil Saga, Avatar Tuner I) is a 2011 science fiction novel by Japanese author Yu Godai, the first in a series of five installments. It is the author's reimagined take on the story of the Digital Devil Saga series of role-playing games (for which she was also the original story creator, she had to leave halfway due to health reasons).Megami Tensei video games, the novel series does not take place in the Megami Tensei continuity.

Plot

In the post-apocalyptic Junkyard, warring tribes vie to unify the six territories and thus gain entrance to Nirvana, the promised land. This battlefield is watched over by the Church, a religious order that decides the rules of this bleak world. Serph is the leader of the small but intrepid Embryon tribe, which consists of him, the tribe's core members, and a handful of foot soldiers. When a mysterious object appears in the Junkyard, it incites a battle between the Embryon tribe and the rival Vanguards. In the aftermath of this firefight, Serph discovers a mysterious girl named Sera, and finds that he and his closest warriors have gained the ability to transform into powerful demons. The Embryon must adapt to these developments and try to understand their meaning as the balance of power begins to shift in the Junkyard.

Characters

  * Serph – the leader of the up-and-coming Embryon tribe.
  * Argilla – a crack sniper and one of the core warriors of Serph's tribe.
  * Heat – one of the two original two members of the Embryon, along with Serph, and part of the tribe's shock troops.
  * Gale – the Bishop, or intelligence analyst, of the Embryon tribe.
  * Cielo – a young foot soldier who is also one of the core members Serph's tribe.
  * Sera – a mysterious girl who appears in Junkyard in the aftermath of a battle.

Reception

English-language editions


Reception

English-language editions

  * Yu Godai, Quantum Devil Saga: Avatar Tuner, Vol. 1 (Kuontamu Debiru Sāga Abatāru Chūnā I), translated by Kevin Frane, 1st hardback ed., Austin, TX : Bento Books, Inc., 2014, 254 p. ISBN 978-1-939326-01-0
  * Press Release by PRWeb


Jasper Township, Arkansas

Jasper Township, Arkansas may refer to:

  * Jasper Township, Crawford County, Arkansas
  * Jasper Township, Crittenden County, Arkansas
  * List of townships in Arkansas
  * Jasper Township (disambiguation)


Live!!!! Almost!!!

Live...Almost!!! is the second album by bluegrass quartet The Dillards, recorded live at The Mecca, Los Angeles, in front of a clearly appreciative audience. The Dillards perform with a lot of spirit, warmth and enjoyment, which seems to have been their usual approach: "There isn't a song that the Dillards do that they don't thoroughly enjoy, and they do them with equal enthusiasm on the back porch, or in concert before five thousand people".

The album contains an equal mixture of traditional songs and ones penned by the band, plus a few cover versions - including "Walkin' Down the Line" by a then up-and-coming young artist: "I don't know how many of you know who Bobby Dylan is, but he's probably done more for folk music or had more influence than anybody. He has a voice that's very much like a dog with its leg caught in barbed wire, but that doesn't matter..."

In addition to some fast bluegrass and slower, more folky songs, the album is full of humour, with Mitch Jayne providing some very witty stories by way of introduction to some of the songs: notably with "Old Blue" (involving outdoor privies, dogs and Joan Baez), and "Pretty Polly" (a song in which a boy "scrags his girlfriend".

Release and reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source         Rating
Allmusic

The album was originally released in 1964 on Elektra: EKL-265 (mono) and EKS-7265 (stereo).

It was reissued by Elektra in 2001 as a double CD together with their debut album Back Porch Bluegrass.

Track listing


Live!!!! Almost!!!

Track listing

 1. "Black Eyed Susie" (Traditional) – 2:20
 2. "Never See My Home Again" (Rodney Dillard, Mitch Jayne ) – 3:17
 3. "There Is a Time" (Rodney Dillard, Mitch Jayne) – 2:46
 4. "Old Blue" (Traditional) – 5:30
 5. "Sinkin' Creek" (Douglas Dillard) – 2:27
 6. "The Whole World Round" (Joe Stuart, Mitch Jayne) – 3:25
 7. "Liberty!" (Traditional) – 2:24
 8. "Dixie Breakdown" (Don Reno) – 2:27
 9. "Walkin' Down the Line" (Bob Dylan) – 2:55
10. "Jody's Tune" (Rodney Dillard, Dean Webb) - 2:27
11. "Pretty Polly"(Traditional) - 4:58
12. "Taters in Sandy Lane/Gimme Chaw T'Baccer" (Homer E. Dillard Sr.) - 3:41
13. "Buckin' Mule" (Traditional) - 4:09

Personnel

The Dillards
  * Rodney Dillard - lead vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica, mandolin
  * Douglas Dillard - banjo, guitar, vocals
  * Mitchell Jayne - acoustic bass, vocals
  * Dean Webb - mandolin, vocals
Technical
  * Jac Holzman - production supervisor
  * Jim Dickson - producer, recording, editoring
  * William S. Harvey - cover design, photography


Social education in Japan

Social education (shakaikyôiku 社会教育) is the Japanese word for nondegree-oriented education.

Modern Japan is unquestionably a society that values education highly (see Education in Japan). Diverse institutions, such as the miscellaneous schools, provide social education services. Large newspaper companies and local governments sponsor cultural centers that offer ongoing programs of informal education, and department stores organize curricula covering everything from cooking classes to music, English conversation (eikaiwa), and Japanese poetry.

"Lifelong learning," another term for social education, was also a key phrase in the education reforms of the late 1980s. The responsibility for social education is shared by all levels of government, but especially by local government. Local governments also are largely responsible for such public facilities as libraries and museums--basic resources in social education. The ministry of education is interested in increasing the use of public school facilities for lifelong learning activities, increasing the number of social education facilities, training staff, and disseminating information about lifelong learning opportunities.

The Japanese are voracious readers. Popular bookstores are full from the moment they open their doors each day with readers seeking books from a staggering range of foreign as well as Japanese titles. The top four national newspapers (Asahi Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun, Yomiuri Shimbun, Nihon Keizai Shimbun) alone have a combined daily circulation (with two editions each day) of more than 35 million, and there are four daily English-language papers as well.

  * [Public Domain] This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Country Studies. Federal Research Division. - Japan


Harbitz

Harbitz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

  * Alf Harbitz (1880–1964), Norwegian journalist, writer, critic and translator
  * Edmund Harbitz (1861–1916), Norwegian lawyer and politician
  * Georg Prahl Harbitz (1802–1889), Norwegian priest and politician
  * Johannes Winding Harbitz (1831–1917), Norwegian politician


Painted burrowing frog

The painted burrowing frog (Neobatrachus pictus) is a species of burrowing frog native to western Victoria, eastern South Australia and southern New South Wales. They are also one of six species of frog which inhabit Kangaroo Island.

Description

The painted burrowing frog is a moderate sized plump frog, reaching 55 mm in length. It is grey to yellow above with brown, olive or green patches. There is sometimes a thin, paler stripe running down the back. The belly is white. The rear toes are partially webbed and the metatarsal tubercles (shovel like structures on the heel of the foot to assist with burrowing) are completely black. The pupil is a vertical slit when contracted, and the iris is silver to gold.

Ecology and behaviour

Painted burrowing frogs inhabit waterholes, dams or pools of watercourses in woodland, grassland, and cleared areas. Males make an elongated trilling sound while floating in water after heavy rains, mainly in winter and autumn. Like other Neobatrachus the species is an adapted burrower and will often spend periods of time underground to avoid drought conditions.

Eggs are laid as loosely adherent clumps which may break apart. Tadpoles are large and reach about 78 mm (at about stage 35). Development takes about 4 to 7 months and metamorphs are often observed from September to November.

When threatened, this species will sometimes rear up all its legs, inflating its body to appear larger to discourage some predators.

It is an uncommon species being threatened with habitat loss and is classified as endangered in New South Wales.

Similar species

It is similar to other species of Neobatrachus, particularly the Sudell's frog (N. sudelli) and the trilling frog (N. centralis), from which it is distinguished by lack of baggy skin around the groin and metatarsal colouring respectively.

  * Anstis, M. 2002. Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland: Sydney. ISBN 1-876334-63-0
  * Robinson, M. 2002. A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland: Sydney. ISBN 1-876334-83-5
  * New South Wales Threatened Species Profile


Goodbye (Night Ranger song)

"Goodbye" is a power ballad by the American hard rock band Night Ranger. It was released in October 1985, as the third and last single from their album 7 Wishes. It was written by guitarist Jeff Watson and singer Jack Blades. The lead vocals on this song are sung by drummer Kelly Keagy.

Reaching No. 17, the song is the last U.S. top 40 hit for the band to date. The music video for "Goodbye" was good rotation on MTV at end of that year.

Track listing

Single version

  * 7" Single
 1. "Goodbye" - 4:20
 2. "Seven Wishes" - 4:52

Promo version

  * 12" Single
 1. "Goodbye" - 4:20
 2. "Goodbye" (short version) - 3:52

Chart performance

Chart (1985)                    Peak
                                position
Canadian RPM Top 100            85
US Billboard Hot 100            17
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)  16


HD 115211

HD 115211 is a singlestar in the southern constellation of Musca. It has an orange hue and is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.86. light years based on parallax, and it is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −10 km/s.absolute magnitude of −2.94.

It is an aging bright giant/supergiant star with a stellar classification of K2 Ib-II.variable star of unknown type, with a brightness that has been measured ranging from 4.83 down to 4.87. million years old, with 7.1 times the mass of the Sun.core, it has expanded to 123 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 3,849 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,097 K.


Ian Giles

Ian Giles may refer to:

  * Ian Giles (footballer) (1918–2002), Australian footballer
  * Ian Giles (singer) (born 1954), English folk singer with Magpie Lane


Royal Prussian Railway Administration

KPEV Emblem on a Prussian luggage van

The title Royal Prussian Railway Administration (Königlich Preußische Eisenbahn-Verwaltung) or KPEV is often mistakenly used to describe the Prussian state railways (Preußische Staatseisenbahn).

The initials KPEV are found on cast wagon plaques with the coat of arms, and appear to have been designed by an official of the Cologne (Coeln) division and then unwittingly adopted by the other divisions. No organisation with the name Royal Prussian Railway Administration actually existed, but its German name and the abbreviation KPEV has been used widely by railway fans since about 1970.

KPEV shield on the S-Bahn bridge at Berlin's Mexicoplatz

The largely independent railway divisions in Prussia reported directly to the Ministry of Public Works. The correct title for the railways in Prussia was at first the Royal Prussian State Railways (Königlich Preußische Staatseisenbahnen). In 1896 it became the Prussian-Hessian State Railways (Preußisch-Hessische Staatseisenbahnen) and after the First World War, the Prussian State Railway (Preußische Staatsbahn).

The individual divisions or "royal railway divisions" (Königliche Eisenbahndirektionen) were abbreviated to KED and later ED. These are found in contemporary official documents, unlike the abbreviation KPEV.

The organisation and history of the railways of the Kingdom of Prussia are found in the article on the Prussian state railways.

  * Andreas Wagner, Dieter Bäzold, Rainer Zschech, Ralph Lüderitz: Lokomotiv-Archiv Preußen 1 - Schnellzug- und Personenzuglokomotiven transpress, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-344-00470-0 S. 29


Randall Kleck

Randall Kleck (born c. 1950) is an American martial artist and three time world champion.

Martial arts competition

Kleck is best known as a martial arts competitor. He won two world titles from the Martial Arts Fighting Federation and an amateur world title from the International San Da Federation. He has title belts from kickboxing, sanda, and Muay Thai and won numerous national and regional titles in sport karate.

Besides being a student of Muay Thai, wrestling, boxing, and Shotokan karate, Kleck has also served as a coach and tournament volunteer. He has judged at major NASKA, NBL, and World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (WAKO) events and is a certified judge for the World Sanda League.

Kleck's efforts have been recognized by a number of organizations. Among the organizations that have honored him are the World Karate Union Hall of Fame (Lifetime Achievement Award),

Personal

Kleck is an ordained elder and deacon at Laurel Presbyterian ChurchHoward Community College.

Kleck has B.S. and M.S. degrees in mathematics from Michigan Technological University. He also writes the BLACK BELT INVESTMENT LETTER, an investment publication whose model portfolios have greatly outperformed the market.


Jasper Swift

Jasper Swift (died 20 January 1620) was the archdeacon of Cornwall and Archdeacon of Totnes.

Educated at Christ Church, Oxford, he matriculated in 1590/1, graduating B.A. in 1594 and M.A. in 1599/1600. He was awarded B.D. and D.D. in 1615/16 and became rector of St. Erme, Cornwall in 1603 and of Powderham, Devon in 1612. He became prebendary of Exeter cathedral in 1613, archdeacon of Cornwall July–October 1616, and archdeacon of Totnes from 1616, until his death on 20 January 1619/20.


Livadia, Kilkis

Livadia (Greek: Λιβάδια, Aromanian: Giumala de Jos or Livãdz; Megleno Romanian: Livezi) is a village and a former community in the former Paionia Province, Kilkis regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Paionia, of which it is a municipal unit. km2. km northwest of Griva, 15 km northwest of Goumenissa. Its population in 2011 was 404.Aromanian language is still spoken in Livadia.

This historic community took part in various Greek revolutions, in particular the Macedonian Struggle in which many of inhabitants of Livadia participated, including:

  * Anastassios Bilis Koulinas
  * Nikolaos Nessios
  * Konstantinos Balas
  * Michael Balas
  * Michael Batsios
  * Dimitrios Bellis
  * Nikolaos Davelis
  * Michael Papanikolaou
  * Nikolaos Saramanis
  * Georgios Takiris
  * Athanassios Tikas
  * Aristides Tikas
  * Georgios Chatzivrettas
  * Michael Bellis
  * Georgios Bellis (Belles)
  * Stergios Naoum (Kapetan Naoum)

Some other inhabitants of the town fought against Greek bands in the Ottoman Empire during the early 20th century, an example being Mihail Handuri, an Aromanian armatole.

Another notable figure with origins from Livadia is the Aromanian linguist and philologist Nicolae Saramandu.


Social film

Not to be confused with Social problem film.

A social film is a type of interactive film that is presented through the lens of social media. A social film is distributed digitally and integrates with a social networking service, such as Facebook or Google+. It combines features of web video, social network games and social media.

Key elements

Social films are a recent phenomenon and, in turn, there are few precedents for their format. Regardless, the medium has certain identifiable elements:

  * Casual entertainment
  * Social media
  * User-generated content
  * Game mechanics

Using a combination of these factors, a social film engages viewers to interact directly with the work, be it through social media functionality like comments and ranking or adding directly to the narrative itself.

Just as with memes, social film distribution relies on the viral spread enabled by social media. This is based on the viral expansion loops model,

History

The first social film, Him, Her and Them was produced and released by Murmur in April 2011. It was distributed exclusively through Facebook and promoted as the first “Facebook film.”Social Graph API. Users participate via text-based additions to the story, which are viewable only by friends within their social network.

Other examples of social film include lonelygirl15, which used YouTube posts to create an interactive video series about a fictional character, and Ron Howard's Project Imagin8ion, where a photo contest was used as the basis for a short film.

In July 2011, Intel and Toshiba partnered together to create Hollywood's first Social Film experience, a thriller called Inside, directed by D.J. Caruso and starring Emmy Rossum. The project is broken up into several segments across multiple social media platforms including Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. In this instance, the audience is challenged to help Emmy Rossum's character, Christina, safely make it out of the room she's been trapped in.

Although not quite the same idea, Hollywood has been experimenting with the idea of interactive and crowd-sourced films. For example, Ridley Scott's Life in a Day, is a documentary style feature, which strives to be the largest crowd-sourced feature film ever created.


Social film

In August 2012, Intel and Toshiba partnered again to create The Beauty Inside, directed by Drake Doremus, starring Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Topher Grace. It's Hollywood's first social film that gives everyone in the audience a chance to play Alex, the lead role. The experience will be broken up into six filmed episodes interspersed with real-time interactive storytelling that all takes place on Alex's Facebook timeline.

In August 2013, Intel and Toshiba released their third entry into the category, The Power Inside, directed by Will Speck and Josh Gordon and starring Harvey Keitel, Analeigh Tipton, and Craig Roberts. It's Hollywood's first social film that asks the audience to audition to help save or destroy the world. The experience is broken up into six filmed episodes interspersed with user-generated content and interactive storytelling on the main character's Facebook timeline.

In 2015, Intel partnered with Dell for their fourth entry, What Lives Inside directed by Robert Stromberg and starring Colin Hanks, Catherine O'Hara, and J. K. Simmons. The first of four episodes was released on Hulu on March 25, 2015.


Harbor Air

Harbor Air may refer to one of the following regional airlines:

  * Bar Harbor Airlines, from Maine, US (1971–1991)
  * Harbor Airlines, from Washington, US
  * Harbour Air, from British Columbia, Canada (founded in 1982)


Painted ceiling

Ceiling in the Louvre Palace

A painted ceiling is a ceiling covered with an artistic mural or painting. They are usually decorated with fresco painting, mosaic tiles and other surface treatments. While hard to execute (at least in situ) a decorated ceiling has the advantage that it is largely protected from damage by fingers and dust. In the past, however, this was more than compensated for by the damage from smoke from candles or a fireplace. Many historic buildings have celebrated ceilings, perhaps the most famous in the world is the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Painted ceilings.
Look up painted ceiling in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  * Dropped ceiling
  * Coffered ceiling
  * Camp ceiling
  * Cove ceiling
  * Beam ceiling
  * Scottish Renaissance painted ceilings


Mwense (constituency)

Politics of Zambia

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Mwense is a constituency of the National Assembly of Zambia.Mwense and a rural area to the north of the town in Mwense District of Luapula Province.

List of MPs

Election year  MP               Party
1968           Mathew Lumande   United National Independence Party
1973           Henry Matipa     United National Independence Party
1978           Felix Kapapula   United National Independence Party
1983           Simon Kachasa    United National Independence Party
1988           Felix Kapapula   United National Independence Party
1991           Norman Chibamba  Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
1996           Norman Chibamba  Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
2001           Norman Chibamba  Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
2006           Jacob Chongo     Patriotic Front
2011           David Mabumba    Patriotic Front
2016           David Mabumba    Patriotic Front
2021           David Mabumba    Patriotic Front


Memphis Symphony Orchestra

The Memphis Symphony Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Memphis, Tennessee. The orchestra's primary performing venue is the Cannon Center for the Performing Arts.

Prior to the formation of the orchestra, classical orchestras had existed in Memphis earlier, such as the Memphis Symphony Society, which was established in 1939 by Burnet C. Tuthill, head of the music department at Southwestern College. The Memphis Symphony Society consisted largely of amateur musicians who offered four or five concerts each season for several years, but ceased to operate before the 1947-48 season.

In 1953, the Memphis Sinfonietta, a chamber orchestra consisting of 21 musicians, gave its first concert at the Goodwyn Institute, under the direction of cellist Vincent DeFrank, with support from the Memphis Orchestral Society and the Memphis Arts Council.Ford Foundation grant received in 1963 helped the orchestra to expand its season and increase its audience base.

DeFrank continued as the orchestra's music director until 1984. Alan Balter succeeded DeFrank as music director in 1984,Mei-Ann Chen was named to succeed Loebel, the first woman to be named music director of the orchestra, effective with the 2010-2011 season, with an initial contract of 3 seasons. During her tenure, the orchestra encountered financial pressures that led to a reduction of concert offerings and a 38% pay reduction for the orchestra musicians.

In October 2015, the orchestra named Robert Moody as its new principal conductor, effective with the 2016-2017 season, with a contract of two seasons, as an interim appointment to allow time for financial stabilisation and a full search for a music director.<.

Music directors

  * Vincent DeFrank (1960-1984)
  * Alan Balter (1984-1998)
  * David Loebel (1998-2010)
  * Mei-Ann Chen (2010-2016)
  * Robert Moody (2016–present)
  * Official website


Ian Gately

Ian Gately (born 21 March 1966) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles and the Parramatta Eels.

Biography

A Sydney-born forward, Gately played for Manly Warringah in the late 1980s. He debuted in the 1987 NSWRL season and made seven first-grade appearances that year, including Manly's semi-final win over Eastern Suburbs, but missed out on a place in the premiership-winning grand final team. At the end of the season, he was part of the Manly squad to travel to England to play the World Club Challenge, featuring as a prop in the club’s six-point loss to Wigan.

In 1988, he was a regular fixture for the Sea Eagles in first grade, putting together 21 appearances as a prop and second-rower. He occasionally filled in as goal-kicker when Michael O'Connor wasn't available.Great Britain national team, scoring a try in Manly's 30-0 win at Brookvale Oval. He additionally represented the President's XIII, off the interchange bench, in a tour match against Great Britain in Queanbeyan.

After a third and final season with Manly, Gately joined the Mick Cronin-coached Parramatta Eels in 1990. However, he was unable to make an impact in first grade during his two seasons at Parramatta and spent most of his time in the reserves. In 1992, he spent a pre-season trialing with the Canberra Raiders, but failed to get signed to a contract and instead finished his career in England.

Gately went on to play six seasons for English club Keighley and was a member of two championship-winning teams.

  * Ian Gately at Rugby League project


Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase

In enzymology, a limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

limonene-1,2-epoxide + H2O [\rightleftharpoons ] limonene-1,2-diol

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are limonene-1,2-epoxide and H2O, whereas its product is limonene-1,2-diol.

This enzyme is found in the bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14, where it plays a role in the limonene degradation pathway that allows the bacteria to catabolize limonene as a carbon and energy source.hydrolases, specifically those acting on ether bonds (ether hydrolases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase. This enzyme is also called limonene oxide hydrolase. This enzyme has maximal activity at pH 7 and 50°C,pinene degradation.

Epoxide hydrolases catalyze the hydrolysis of epoxides to corresponding diols, which is important in detoxification, synthesis of signal molecules, or metabolism. Limonene-1,2- epoxide hydrolase (LEH) differs from many other epoxide hydrolases (EHs) in its structure and its novel one-step catalytic mechanism. EHs typically contain conserved α/β-hydrolase folds and catalytic residues which aid with epoxide stabilization and its subsequent hydrolysis reaction.catalytic triad motifs found in other EHs. Moreover, compared to other EHs, LEH accepts a smaller diversity of substrates and is only able to catalyze reactions with limonene-1,2-epoxide, 1-methylcyclohexene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, and indene oxide. Thus, LEH is considered the founding member of a novel EH family, and its mechanistic, structural, and functional details are of special interest.

Mechanism

Mechanism of limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolysis in the active site of limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase.


Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase

The epoxide hydrolysis of limonene catalyzed by LEH occurs in a one-step mechanism. Nucleophilic water attacks at one of the two electrophilic positions on the epoxide, opening the three-membered ring to create vicinal diols.Quantum-mechanical and molecular-mechanical studies have observed that LEH-mediated hydrolysis preferentially attacks at the most substituted epoxide carbon. The activation energies of attack at the more and less substituted carbons are 16.9 kcal/mol and 25.1 kcal/mol, respectively.charge.

The mechanism of LEH hydrolysis does not utilize a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate, which is distinct from other EHs.active site amino acids for acid-base proton exchange and substrate stabilization. According to mutagenesis studies, LEH contains five crucial catalytic residues: Asp101, Arg99, Asp132, Tyr53, and Asn55. The first three catalytic residues form an Asp-Arg-Asp triad that actively donates and accepts protons from substrates in the reaction to drive it forward and help it proceed favorably. Evidence from computational modeling suggests that Asp132 acts to deprotonate water to increase its nucleophilicity in the reaction, while Asp101 protonates the epoxide oxygen to form one of the two alcohols in the diol product. Positively charged Arg99 contributes by stabilizing the negative charges on Asp101 and Asp132. The last two catalytic residues, Tyr53 and Asn55, aid in stabilizing and binding the water molecule via hydrogen bonds to help it achieve the optimal orientation for epoxide attack.

Stereochemistry

A diagram of the products of limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase


Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase

The reaction catalyzed by LEH results in selective stereochemistry at its chiral carbons. LEH affords pure enantiomers of the limonene-1,2-diol when given a racemic mixture of the epoxide. When the substrate has an R chiral center at carbon 4 (4R), the product is (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol, regardless of whether the substrate’s epoxide is trans or cis to the substitution on carbon 4. Similarly, a substrate with an S chiral center at carbon 4 (4S) yields only the (1R,2R,4S)-limonene-1,2-diol.

LEH also has a preference for specific stereoisomers of its substrate. It reacts with all (1R,2S) limonene epoxides before it begins hydrolysis of the (1S,2R) stereoisomers. The presence of (1S,2R) substrates does not decrease the speed of reaction with the preferred stereoisomers, suggesting that the (1S,2R) limonene epoxides are weak competitive inhibitors.

Structure

The crystal structure of LEH contains a six-stranded mixed beta-sheet, with three N-terminal alpha helices packed to one side to create a pocket that extends into the protein core. A fourth helix lies in such a way that it acts as a rim to this pocket. Although mainly lined by hydrophobic residues, this pocket features a cluster of polar groups that lie at its deepest point and constitute the enzyme’s active site.

While the LEH structure is distinct from the majority of EHs, it is not entirely unrecognizable from all of them. For example, epoxide hydrolase Rv2740, native to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, contains an active site and catalytic triad similar to LEH, with three helices packed onto a curved six-stranded beta sheet.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR013100


Randall K. Filer

Randall Keith Filer (born January 14, 1952) is an American economist. Dr. Filer is a professor of economics at Hunter College and the Graduate Center City University of New York and a Visiting Professor of Economics and Senior Scholar at CERGE-EI. He is President of the CERGE-EI Foundation,Global Development Network (GDN),International School of Economics in Tbilisi (ISET) in Tbilisi, Georgia.Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn,Manhattan Institute (NYC).

Professor Filer received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1979 where he was affiliated with the Industrial Relations Section and the Office of Population Research. He graduated magna cum laude with Highest Honors in economics from Haverford College. His research has been supported by the National Science Foundation, the ACE program of the European Union, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Volkswagen Foundation, and the National Endowment for the Arts, among others and has appeared in leading professional journals including The American Economic Review, The Journal of Political Economy, The Review of Economics and Statistics, The European Economic Review, The Journal of Development Economics, Economic Development and Cultural Change, and The Economics of Transition. His areas of expertise include financial and capital markets, labor markets, urban economics, demography and development economics, including the economic transition in the post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Professor Filer has twice been a Fulbright Scholar in the Czech Republic as well as a visiting scholar at the Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Croatia.

Professor Filer is a member of Prague Society for International Cooperation. Founded during the anti-communist movement, the Prague Society is one of the oldest NGOs in the Czech Republic. It pursues former Members of the Communist Era Secret Police (StB, Stasi, Służba Bezpieczeństwa, ÁVO, Securitate and others), fights corruption and helps to develop a new generation of responsible leaders in Central and Eastern Europe.

  * Biography at Hunter College
  * Economists Online, publications list
  * IDEAS/RePEc page


Orange salad

Orange salad might refer to:

  * Seafoam salad
  * Sicilian orange salad


Livar

For the village in Jolfa County, see Livar, Jolfa.

Livar (Persian: ليوار, also Romanized as Līvār; also known as Līvār-e Bālā)Zolbin Rural District, Yamchi District, Marand County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,187, in 558 families.


Social enterprise lending

Social enterprise lending is a form of social finance which refers to the practice of offering loans and other financing vehicles below current market rates to social enterprises and other organisations pursuing social goals. This is often referred to as "patient lending," or financing with "soft" terms. Patient lending recognises that projects with social outcomes often reach profitability later than commercial projects. Softening the terms of a loan means that a social lender may offer provisions such as longer loan terms, lower interest rates and repayment "holidays" where capital and interest repayments are not due until the project is profitable. Social lenders might also offer small grants as part of an investment package.

History and development

Social lending and social investors increased in popularity and number in the 1990s, in part as a reaction to the trend within charities, social enterprises and other voluntary and community organisations towards increasing their percentage of earned income and away from depending on shrinking sources of grant income. As a non-profit organisation develops new income streams, there is typically a funding gap between necessary investment in capacity, staff or infrastructure and profitability. This trend coincided with an increased tendency, in both the US and the UK, of government to turn to the voluntary and community sector to offer public services and provide solutions to social problems. Finally, the proliferation of venture capital firms in the tech boom of the mid-nineties highlighted the successful practices of venture capitalists and other private investors, and those practices eventually spilled over to the non-profit world. This trend began in the US, most notably on the west coast, and eventually spread to the UK and Europe.

Social lending and venture philanthropy are the direct result of applying private sector funding models to the public or voluntary sector. This is demonstrated by the recent trend for social investors to offer performance-related loans (often referred to as 'quasi-equity') and share equity in social businesses with the appropriate legal structure; two practices which are directly borrowed from venture capital.


Social enterprise lending

Advocates of social lending argue that earned income is the better way to ensure long term sustainability for the voluntary and community sector and the only way for social enterprises and social businesses to succeed. And loan finance is best suited to sustain organisations during and beyond the growth or start up period because a loan focuses financial discipline and prepares an organisation to receive commercial finance in the future. Additionally, social lenders argue that the interest they earn can be recycled to benefit other organisations and is therefore, more efficient for the social sector overall than a grant.

The sources of funds vary across the spectrum of social lenders but most often includes government monies or donations from private individuals and foundations or trusts. Lenders may restrict themselves to funding newly started organisations or may fund organisations throughout their life cycle; however the focus of investment is usually in building the capacity of the investee to achieve their stated social outcomes while becoming financially sustainable.

In Britain

In the British context, the largest of these types of social investors are Triodos Bank, Charity Bank and Unity Trust Bank. All three invest in social enterprises and third sector organisations that are pursuing social goals; Triodos Bank also has an additional interest in financing projects with environmental benefits. These institutions offer full-service banking and aim to serve organisations that cannot access traditional lending from commercial banks, and a majority of their customers are likely to be first-time borrowers.

A fourth large lender, Futurebuilders England, made £145 million of government-backed loans and grants between 2004 and 2010 but is closed to new applications.

All of the funds are only intended to support services for beneficiaries in England and funding must complement, not compete with, any possible commercial lending. The primary offering is a traditional loan at 6% which may be accompanied by professional support and grant funding where appropriate. The loan repayment period is variable, dependent on application, but the maximum period is 25 years with interest and repayment holidays of up to two years.


Social enterprise lending

Triodos Bank finances companies, institutions and projects that add cultural value and benefit people and the environment, with the support of depositors and investors who want to encourage corporate social responsibility and a sustainable society. It is a pioneer in ethical banking. Triodos Bank finances companies which it expects will add cultural value and benefit both people and the environment. The bank uses money deposited by close to 100,000 savers and lends it to hundreds of organisations, such as fair trade initiatives, organic farms and social enterprises.

Charity Bank provides loan finance and advice to enable charities, community associations, voluntary organisations, community businesses and social enterprises across the UK to grow. It often lends where banks or building societies either will not make a loan at all, or will only do so on unaffordable terms.

Unity Trust Bank aims to put social change, social benefit and community involvement at the heart of what it does. It uses some of its profits to re-invest in the business to help more organisations in the future. The remaining profits are returned to its shareholders – trades unions and the Co-operative Bank – which are both part of UK civil society.

Since 2012, Big Society Capital has acted as a social investment wholesaler, investing in intermediaries which in turn provide finance and support to charities and social sector organisations. Its funds come from dormant bank accounts and from four UK banks.

Other social lenders in Britain include Adventure Capital Fund, Venturesome (an initiative of the Charities Aid Foundation), London Rebuilding Society, the Social Enterprise Investment Fund (formally Local Investment Fund), Community Development Finance Association, Cooperative and Community Finance, Bridges Community Ventures and the Capital Fund.

  * Social finance
  * Ethical banking
  * Social Return on Investment
  * Socially-responsible investing
  * Social fund


Harboe Meulengracht

Harboe Galthen Meulengracht (10 February 1767 – 27 May 1853) was a Danish merchant and shipowner in Denmark who was appointed to the Danish Supreme Court and was purveyor to the royal household.

Biography

Meulengracht was born in Aarhus to Lars Christian Meulengracht and Marie Madsdatter Brøchner Galthen. He had two brothers, Mads Galthen Meulengracht and NN Meulengracht.

He grew up in the Aarhus Mill, located at Vester Allé where Mølleparken is placed nowadays, which was owned by his parents. In 1769, when Harboe was 2 years old, his father committed suicide by drowning himself in the mill pond due to economic problems.

Haboe worked as a trader in the ironmongery business, partnering with skipper Peder Larsen. In 1792, he married Maren Jensdatter Schmidt, a daughter of a local merchant, and in 1794 Peder Larsen married the sister to Meulengracht's wife, Dorothea Sophie Schmidt (1776-1850). That same year, at the age of 27, Harboe obtained citizenship to Aarhus and the two brother-in-laws ended their business partnership as well.

"Det Hvide Palæ", showpiece of the Meulengracht Complex


Harboe Meulengracht

Meulengracht branched into international shipping, including Brazil and the Greenland whaling industry, and in 1809, he financed the construction of the Badstuegade 1H warehouse. Whale oil was used for street lighting in those days and it could be a most profitable business. The Napoleonic Wars in Europe, and Denmark, put a damper on the economies and trading and in 1816 Meulengracht lost a ship in the North Sea. Overall, however, his business went so well that in the same year he sold his shop and house in Vestergade and moved into a brand new, most expensive and impressive mansion. This mansion was the now listed Det Meulengrachtske Palæ (The Meulengracht Mansion), also known as Det Hvide Palæ (The White Mansion), at the central square of at Lille Torv. Originally, however, the mansion was yellow and with only three floor counts, and a roof, not the four of today. The mansion was expanded in 1840, 1860 and 1907, and now presents itself in the architectural Empire style.King Christian VIII, King Frederik II, Prince Ferdinand, Princess Caroline and Countess Danner frequently stayed there.

Meulengracht's business became one of the largest in Aarhus and Harboe co-founded Kronprindsen's Klub (The Crown Prince's Club), a literary debate club for royalty and local members of the upper class, of which Meulengracht became an honorary member. Harboe Meulengracht initiated a lineage of prominent businessmen, politicians and land owners in Aarhus which lasted into the early 20th century.

Harboe fathered 10 children, including Lars Christian Meulengracht (1793-1836) who later came to take over his father's business and Dorothea Sophie Schmidt (1797-1881) who married Johannes Friis (1797-1877).


P121

P121 may refer to:

  * Brazilian corvette Apa
  * Papyrus 121, a biblical manuscript
  * Saunders-Roe P.121 Hydroski, a British naval fighter design study
  * TCG Bafra (P-121), a patrol boat of the Turkish Navy
  * P121, a state regional road in Latvia


Mwenge, Masasi Town

Mwenge is an administrative ward in Masasi Town Council of Mtwara Region in Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 90.4 km2 (34.9 sq mi),379 m (1,243 ft).


Memphis Reds (League Alliance)

The Memphis Reds were a Minor League Baseball team that played in the League Alliance in 1877.Memphis, Tennessee, and played their home games at Central Park.

In 1885, the city was represented in the Southern League by a different team also called the Memphis Reds.

Notable players

Six Reds also played in at least one game in Major League Baseball during their careers. They were:

  * Doc Kennedy
  * Tom Loftus
  * Harry Luff
  * John Maloney
  * Billy Redmond
  * John Shoupe
  * Oscar Walker
  * Statistics from Baseball-Reference
  * Statistics from Stats Crew


Ian Gillan (disambiguation)

Ian Gillan may refer to:

  * Ian Gillan (born 1945), musician most famously with Deep Purple
  * Ian Gillan Band, band fronted by Ian Gillan
  * Ian Gillan (football coach), Scottish-born Australian soccer coach
  * Gillan (band), band fronted by Ian Gillan
  * Ian Gillan, Tony Iommi & Friends, also known as WhoCares, a musical project co-founded by Ian Gillan and Tony Iommi
      + Ian Gillan & Tony Iommi: WhoCares, a 2012 album by WhoCares


Limonia immatura

Limonia immatura is a species of limoniid crane fly in the family Limoniidae.


Richard Ashley

Richard Ashley may refer to:

  * Richard Ashley (musician) (1774–1836), English musician
  * Richard Ashley (cricketer) (1902–1974), British cricketer
  * Richard K. Ashley, American international relations scholar


Isotenes melanopa

Isotenes melanopa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on New Guinea.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Isotenes melanopa.
Wikispecies has information related to Isotenes melanopa.


Saul Williams (album)

Saul Williams is the second solo studio album by Saul Williams. It was released by Fader Label in 2004.Serj Tankian, Zack de la Rocha, and Isaiah "Ikey" Owens.

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source                Rating
AllMusic
The Austin Chronicle
Robert Christgau      [(3-star Honorable Mention)][(3-star Honorable Mention)][(3-star Honorable Mention)]
Drowned in Sound      10/10
Exclaim!              favorable
Pitchfork             7.2/10
PopMatters            favorable
Stylus Magazine       D+
XLR8R                 favorable

Adam Greenberg of AllMusic gave the album 4 stars out of 5, saying: "On his self-titled album, Williams moves toward a slightly more accessible format (compared to his previous, more poetry driven work) with twisted guitar lines, heavy bass thumps, and a closer stab at singing from time to time."The Austin Chronicle gave the album 3.5 stars out of 5, saying: "Social, psychological, and cultural mores are run through a ringer of rap transformed as punk, metal, and jungle with Williams self-producing much of his own inflammatory cache."Drowned in Sound gave the album a 10 out of 10, saying: "Its importance is absolute."PopMatters said, "Saul Williams' attempt to save hip hop is admirable, if not entirely successful."

Track listing

All tracks are written by Saul Williams, except where noted.

No.  Title                            Writer(s)                           Length
1.   "Talk to Strangers"              Williams, Tankian                   2:39
2.   "Grippo"                         Williams, Bailey, Vardosi, Vardosi  3:03
3.   "Telegram"                       Williams, Jenifer, Miller           3:30
4.   "Act III Scene 2 (Shakespeare)"  Williams, de la Rocha, Beck         4:19
5.   "List of Demands (Reparations)"                                      3:18
6.   "African Student Movement"                                           4:01
7.   "Black Stacey"                                                       5:24
8.   "PG"                                                                 1:35
9.   "Surrender (A Second to Think)"                                      4:18
10.  "Control Freak"                                                      4:14
11.  "Seaweed"                        Williams, Todd                      3:38
12.  "Notice of Eviction"                                                 4:18


Saul Williams (album)

Australian edition bonus tracks
No.  Title                                           Length
13.  "Black Stacey" (The Bug Remix)                  5:29
14.  "List of Demands (Reparations)" (Kid606 Remix)  3:45
15.  "Black Stacy" (Bravecaptain Remix)              6:44

Japanese edition bonus tracks
No.  Title                                                      Length
13.  "List of Demands (Reparations)" (Kill Memory Crash Remix)  5:03
14.  "Black Stacey" (Deadbeat's Black Arkification Remix)       7:19

Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.

Musicians

  * Saul Williams – vocals, programming, production (3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
  * Mickey P – co-production (3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), programming (8), additional programming (2, 3, 5, 7), engineering, mixing
  * Serj Tankian – production (1), piano (1), background vocals (1)
  * Ani Maljian – background vocals (1)
  * Musa Bailey – production (2), programming (2)
  * Thavius Beck – production (4)
  * Zack de la Rocha – additional vocals (4)
  * Saturn – background vocals (5)
  * Isaiah "Ikey" Owens – piano (7), organ (7)
  * Mia Doi Todd – additional vocals (11)
  * Carmen – background vocals (11)

Technical personnel

  * Brandy Flower – design, photography
  * Keba Konte – photography
  * Katina Parker – photography
  * Varshini Soobiah – photography
  * Bridgette Yellen – photography

Charts

Chart                 Peak
                      position
French Albums (SNEP)    197

  * Saul Williams at Discogs (list of releases)
  * Saul Williams at MusicBrainz (list of releases)


List of teams and cyclists in the 1951 Tour de France

As was the custom since 1930, the 1951 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1951, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 8 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Spain. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: Paris, Ile de France–North West, East–South East and West–South West. The last team of eight cyclists was made up out of cyclists from the French North African colonies. In the end, Luxembourg only sent 7 cyclists, so altogether this made 123 cyclists.

There were 68 French cyclists (of which 1 French-Moroccan and 7 French-Algerian), 12 Italian, 12 Belgian, 8 Dutch, 8 Spanish, 8 Swiss and 7 Luxembourgian cyclists.

Start list

By team


Italy                                 Belgium

Switzerland                               No.  Rider                     Pos.   No.  Rider                      Pos.
                                          13   Gino Bartali (ITA)        4      25   Armand Baeyens (BEL)       40
No.  Rider                       Pos.     14   Serafino Biagioni (ITA)   15     26   Hilaire Couvreur (BEL)     42
1    Georges Aeschlimann (SUI)   24       15   Fausto Coppi (ITA)        10     27   Roger Decock (BEL)         17
2    Marcel Huber (SUI)          35       16   Andrea Carrea (ITA)       38     28   Alois De Hertog (BEL)      22
3    Hugo Koblet (SUI)           1        17   Franco Franchi (ITA)      29     29   Marcel De Mulder (BEL)     13
4    Walter Reiser (SUI)         DNF      18   Attilio Lambertini (ITA)  DNF    30   Isidore De Rijck (BEL)     DNF
5    Giovanni Rossi (SUI)        DNF      19   Fiorenzo Magni (ITA)      7      31   Germain Derycke (BEL)      43
6    Hans Sommer (SUI)           28       20   Ettore Milano (ITA)       52     32   Stan Ockers (BEL)          5
7    Gottfried Weilenmann (SUI)  50       21   Silvio Pedroni (ITA)      DNF    33   André Rosseel (BEL)        25
8    Leo Weilenmann (SUI)        60       22   Luciano Pezzi (ITA)       48     34   Edward Van Ende (BEL)      14
                                          23   Virgilio Salimbeni (ITA)  54     35   Alois Vansteenkiste (BEL)  62
                                          24   Renzo Zanazzi (ITA)       DNF    36   Marcel Verschueren (BEL)   18

France

No.  Rider                    Pos.        Luxembourg                            Netherlands
37   Jean Baldassari (FRA)    56
38   Pierre Barbotin (FRA)    6           No.  Rider                  Pos.      No.  Rider                     Pos.
39   Louison Bobet (FRA)      20          49   Robert Bintz (LUX)     DNF       57   Hans Dekkers (NED)        DNF


40   Bernard Gauthier (FRA)   26          50   Bim Diederich (LUX)    12        58   Wim Dielissen (NED)       DNF
41   Raphaël Géminiani (FRA)  2           51   René Biver (LUX)       DNF       59   Henk Faanhof (NED)        DNF
42   Jean Guéguen (FRA)       61          52   Jean Goldschmit (LUX)  DNF       60   Gerard Peters (NED)       DNF
43   Nello Lauredi (FRA)      11          53   Henri Kass (LUX)       DNF       61   Harry Schoenmakers (NED)  DNF
44   Apo Lazaridès (FRA)      DNF         54   Willy Kemp (LUX)       55        62   Wim van Est (NED)         DNF
45   Lucien Lazaridès (FRA)   3           56   Josy Polfer (LUX)      DNF       63   Gerrit Voorting (NED)     DNF
46   Édouard Muller (FRA)     41                                                64   Wout Wagtmans (NED)       DNF
47   Raoul Rémy (FRA)         DNF
48   Lucien Teisseire (FRA)   31

                                          France - Paris                        France - Île-de-France/North-West

Spain                                     No.  Rider                      Pos.  No.  Rider                    Pos.
                                          73   Serge Blusson (FRA)        DNF   85   José Beyaert (FRA)       DNF
No.  Rider                          Pos.  74   Robert Bonnaventure (FRA)  DNF   86   Roger Creton (FRA)       DNF
65   Vittorio Ruiz (ESP)            DNF   75   Louis Caput (FRA)          45    87   Jean Delahaye (FRA)      DNF
66   Miguel Gual (ESP)              DNF   76   Jean-Louis Carle (FRA)     63    88   Louis Déprez (FRA)       37
67   Dalmacio Langarica (ESP)       58    77   Robert Chapatte (FRA)      DNF   89   André Labeylie (FRA)     46
68   Francisco Masip (ESP)          59    78   Jean Chateau (FRA)         DNF   90   Guy Lintilhac (FRA)      DNF


69   Emilio Rodríguez (ESP)         DNF   79   Maurice Diot (FRA)         DNF   91   Lucien Maelfait (FRA)    DNF
70   Manuel Rodríguez Barros (ESP)  44    80   Dominique Forlini (FRA)    DNF   92   Jacques Marinelli (FRA)  DNF
71   Bernardo Ruiz (ESP)            9     81   Marcel Michel (FRA)        DNF   93   Maurice Quentin (FRA)    DNF
72   José Serra (ESP)               DNF   82   Roger Piel (FRA)           DNF   94   Roger Queugnet (FRA)     DNF
                                          83   Jacques Renaud (FRA)       DNF   95   Attilio Redolfi (FRA)    DNF
                                          84   Jean Robic (FRA)           27    96   Gino Sciardis (FRA)      51

France - East/South-East                  France - West/South-West

No.  Rider                   Pos.         No.  Rider                      Pos.  North Africa
97   Emile Baffert (FRA)     64           109  Armand Audaire (FRA)       DNF
98   Gilbert Bauvin (FRA)    8            110  Jean-Marie Cieleska (FRA)  DNF   No.  Rider                    Pos.
99   Pierre Brambilla (FRA)  36           111  Pierre Cogan (FRA)         19    121  Abdel-Kader Abbes (FRA)  DNF
100  Roger Buchonnet (FRA)   39           112  Robert Desbats (FRA)       DNF   122  Max Charroin (FRA)       DNF
101  Robert Castellin (FRA)  DNF          113  Jean-Marie Goasmat (FRA)   21    123  Marcel Fernandez (FRA)   DNF
102  Angelo Colinelli (FRA)  53           114  Raymond Guégan (FRA)       DNF   124  Ahmed Kebaili (FRA)      DNF
103  Adolphe Deledda (FRA)   32           115  Roger Leveque (FRA)        30    125  Manuel Mayen (FRA)       65
104  Jean Dotto (FRA)        23           116  André Mahe (FRA)           DNF   126  Vincent Soler (FRA)      DNF


105  Paul Giguet (FRA)       34           117  Georges Meunier (FRA)      16    127  Abdel-Kader Zaaf (FRA)   66
106  Joseph Mirando (FRA)    47           118  Joseph Morvan (FRA)        49    128  Marcel Zelasco (FRA)     DNF
107  Pierre Molineris (FRA)  DNF          119  André Ruffet (FRA)         DNF
108  Vincent Vitetta (FRA)   33           120  Roger Walkowiak (FRA)      57


By rider

Legend
No.   Starting number worn by the rider during the Tour
Pos.  Position in the general classification
DNF   Denotes a rider who did not finish


No.  Name                     Nationality  Team                               Pos.  Ref
1    Georges Aeschlimann      Switzerland  Switzerland                        24
2    Marcel Huber             Switzerland  Switzerland                        35
3    Hugo Koblet              Switzerland  Switzerland                        1
4    Walter Reiser            Switzerland  Switzerland                        DNF
5    Giovanni Rossi           Switzerland  Switzerland                        DNF
6    Hans Sommer              Switzerland  Switzerland                        28
7    Gottfried Weilenmann     Switzerland  Switzerland                        50
8    Leo Weilenmann           Switzerland  Switzerland                        60
13   Gino Bartali             Italy        Italy                              4
14   Serafino Biagioni        Italy        Italy                              15
15   Fausto Coppi             Italy        Italy                              10
16   Andrea Carrea            Italy        Italy                              38
17   Franco Franchi           Italy        Italy                              29
18   Attilio Lambertini       Italy        Italy                              DNF
19   Fiorenzo Magni           Italy        Italy                              7
20   Ettore Milano            Italy        Italy                              52
21   Silvio Pedroni           Italy        Italy                              DNF
22   Luciano Pezzi            Italy        Italy                              48
23   Virgilio Salimbeni       Italy        Italy                              54
24   Renzo Zanazzi            Italy        Italy                              DNF
25   Armand Baeyens           Belgium      Belgium                            40
26   Hilaire Couvreur         Belgium      Belgium                            42
27   Roger Decock             Belgium      Belgium                            17
28   Alois De Hertog          Belgium      Belgium                            22
29   Marcel De Mulder         Belgium      Belgium                            13
30   Isidore De Rijck         Belgium      Belgium                            DNF
31   Germain Derycke          Belgium      Belgium                            43
32   Stan Ockers              Belgium      Belgium                            5
33   André Rosseel            Belgium      Belgium                            25
34   Edward Van Ende          Belgium      Belgium                            14
35   Alois Vansteenkiste      Belgium      Belgium                            62
36   Marcel Verschueren       Belgium      Belgium                            18
37   Jean Baldassari          France       France                             56
38   Pierre Barbotin          France       France                             6
39   Louison Bobet            France       France                             20
40   Bernard Gauthier         France       France                             26
41   Raphaël Géminiani        France       France                             2
42   Jean Guéguen             France       France                             61
43   Nello Lauredi            France       France                             11


43   Nello Lauredi            France       France                             11
44   Apo Lazaridès            France       France                             DNF
45   Lucien Lazaridès         France       France                             3
46   Édouard Muller           France       France                             41
47   Raoul Rémy               France       France                             DNF
48   Lucien Teisseire         France       France                             31
49   Robert Bintz             Luxembourg   Luxembourg                         DNF
50   Bim Diederich            Luxembourg   Luxembourg                         12
51   René Biever              Luxembourg   Luxembourg                         DNF
52   Jean Goldschmit          Luxembourg   Luxembourg                         DNF
53   Henri Kass               Luxembourg   Luxembourg                         DNF
54   Willy Kemp               Luxembourg   Luxembourg                         55
56   Josy Polfer              Luxembourg   Luxembourg                         DNF
57   Hans Dekkers             Netherlands  Netherlands                        DNF
58   Wim Dielissen            Netherlands  Netherlands                        DNF
59   Henk Faanhof             Netherlands  Netherlands                        DNF
60   Gerard Peters            Netherlands  Netherlands                        DNF
61   Harrie Schoenmakers      Netherlands  Netherlands                        DNF
62   Wim van Est              Netherlands  Netherlands                        DNF
63   Gerrit Voorting          Netherlands  Netherlands                        DNF
64   Wout Wagtmans            Netherlands  Netherlands                        DNF
65   Victorio Ruiz García     Spain        Spain                              DNF
66   Miguel Gual              Spain        Spain                              DNF
67   Dalmacio Langarica       Spain        Spain                              58
68   Francisco Masip          Spain        Spain                              59
69   Emilio Rodríguez         Spain        Spain                              DNF
70   Manuel Rodríguez Barros  Spain        Spain                              44
71   Bernardo Ruiz            Spain        Spain                              9
72   José Serra               Spain        Spain                              DNF
73   Serge Blusson            France       France - Paris                     DNF
74   Robert Bonnaventure      France       France - Paris                     DNF
75   Louis Caput              France       France - Paris                     45
76   Jean-Louis Carle         France       France - Paris                     63
77   Robert Chapatte          France       France - Paris                     DNF
78   Jean Chateau             France       France - Paris                     DNF
79   Maurice Diot             France       France - Paris                     DNF
80   Dominique Forlini        France       France - Paris                     DNF
81   Marcel Michel            France       France - Paris                     DNF


81   Marcel Michel            France       France - Paris                     DNF
82   Roger Piel               France       France - Paris                     DNF
83   Jacques Renaud           France       France - Paris                     DNF
84   Jean Robic               France       France - Paris                     27
85   José Beyaert             France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  DNF
86   Roger Creton             France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  DNF
87   Jean Delahaye            France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  DNF
88   Louis Déprez             France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  37
89   André Labeylie           France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  46
90   Guy Lintilhac            France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  DNF
91   Lucien Maelfait          France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  DNF
92   Jacques Marinelli        France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  DNF
93   Maurice Quentin          France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  DNF
94   Roger Queugnet           France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  DNF
95   Attilio Redolfi          France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  DNF
96   Gino Sciardis            France       France - Île-de-France/North-West  51
97   Emile Baffert            France       France - East/South-East           64
98   Gilbert Bauvin           France       France - East/South-East           8
99   Pierre Brambilla         France       France - East/South-East           36
100  Roger Buchonnet          France       France - East/South-East           39
101  Robert Castellin         France       France - East/South-East           DNF
102  Angelo Colinelli         France       France - East/South-East           53
103  Adolphe Deledda          France       France - East/South-East           32
104  Jean Dotto               France       France - East/South-East           23
105  Paul Giguet              France       France - East/South-East           34


105  Paul Giguet              France       France - East/South-East           34
106  Joseph Mirando           France       France - East/South-East           47
107  Pierre Molineris         France       France - East/South-East           DNF
108  Vincent Vitetta          France       France - East/South-East           33
109  Armand Audaire           France       France - West/South-West           DNF
110  Jean-Marie Cieliczka     France       France - West/South-West           DNF
111  Pierre Cogan             France       France - West/South-West           19
112  Robert Desbats           France       France - West/South-West           DNF
113  Jean-Marie Goasmat       France       France - West/South-West           21
114  Raymond Guégan           France       France - West/South-West           DNF
115  Roger Leveque            France       France - West/South-West           30
116  André Mahe               France       France - West/South-West           DNF
117  Georges Meunier          France       France - West/South-West           16
118  Joseph Morvan            France       France - West/South-West           49
119  André Ruffet             France       France - West/South-West           DNF
120  Roger Walkowiak          France       France - West/South-West           57
121  Abdel-Kader Abbes        France       North Africa                       DNF
122  Max Charroin             France       North Africa                       DNF
123  Marcel Fernandez         France       North Africa                       DNF
124  Ahmed Kebaili            France       North Africa                       DNF
125  Jean Manuel Mayen        France       North Africa                       65
126  Vincent Soler            France       North Africa                       DNF
127  Abdel-Kader Zaaf         France       North Africa                       66
128  Marcel Zelasco           France       North Africa                       DNF


By nationality


Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station Complex is a heritage-listed former hydroelectric power station at Wilsons Creek Road, Mullumbimby, Byron Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by William Corin and built from 1924 to 1926. It is also known as Lavertys Gap Power Station and Mullumbimby Power Station and Substation. The property is owned by the Byron Shire Council and Essential Energy. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 27 June 2014.

History

As early as 1909 government interest in securing a local water supply saw an area set aside on the main arm of the Brunswick River for a future water supply. Credit for the eventual location of the complex can be partially attributed to Councillor W. E. Selwood who advised Council that by erecting a weir across Wilsons Creek and running the water initially through an open cut drain and then through tunnels the water could operate hydro-electric units.

Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station was an undertaking by Mullumbimby Municipal Council. The initial station was designed by consulting engineer William Corin, who was commissioned by the local council in September 1923 to prepare and commence the scheme. The site of the power house was surveyed in December 1924.

William Corin became Chief Electrical Engineer in the Department of Public Works in 1908, and consultant to the Department of Mines, New South Wales where he reported on the Snowy River hydro-electric scheme. After 1923 he became a private consultant to various governments. His work is commemorated by the Corin Dam in the Australian Capital Territory.

By 1924 construction of the weir at Lavertys Gap ( 28°34′31.9″S 153°26′41.9″E / 28.575528°S 153.444972°E) on Wilsons Creek was underway in preparation for the Power Station. The weir is approximately 7m high with a crest of 45.72m.

The race, which was originally in earth fill, was 1450 feet (440m) and has since been replaced with concrete.


The tunnel through Lavertys Gap ( 28°34′32.7″S 153°26′58.6″E / 28.575750°S 153.449611°E) was completed on the 1 December 1925. The water dammed at the weir came down the race, through the 350 foot (106.7m) tunnel in Laverty's Gap, and down a woodstave pipe (approximately 509m long and now cast iron) into the power house to the turbines.The Sydney Morning Herald reported at the time that "excitement prevailed in Mullumbimby on Wednesday night, when the electric light from the Mullumbimby hydro-electric scheme was switched on for the first time".

At its official opening in 1926 the Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station became the fifth large scale hydro-electric power station on the mainland, the earlier ones were: the Gara River Hydro-Electric Scheme, NSW (1895); Thargomindah, QLD (1898); Dorrigo, NSW (1922) and Nymboida, NSW (1924).

Having its own power supply would be a major source of income to the Municipal Council, which had taken out loans of over 25000 pounds.Byron Bay was lit on the 12 June and Bangalow on the 3 July 1926.

In the early days when the hydros were operating successfully, they were left unattended for long periods of time. When one of the staff come on duty, it was necessary to check the water level at the weir which meant a long walk up hill, check the water level and walk back to the power house. Later an electronic gauge was installed which, at a glance, showed the water level at the weir.


Soon after its commencement, a 4-cylinder crude oil engine was added to the plant in 1926. The engine was a Ruston Lincoln (referred to as Rustin and Hornsby by Tanner et al. (1993)). The initial capacity of the power station plant was soon insufficient. In 1934 the generating capacity was supported by a Mirrlees high speed, eight cylinder engine of 330 hp. Four years later an interconnection with the Clarence River County Council grid was achieved. A 33,000 volt transmission line from Lismore Power Station to Dunoon was extended to interconnect with the Mullumbimby Power Station at Lavertys Gap. This interconnection became effective on the 1 May 1938. kW with an output of 14 million kwh per annum.

In 1990 the Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station was decommissioned. The original two 225 hp Pelton turbines, directly coupled to 140 kilowatt GEC alternators, are still housed in the power station. hp Ruston Lincoln, the 333 hp Mirrlees Ricardo and 495 hp Mirrlees Ricardo engines are also still housed in the power station.

Description

Rear view of the Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station

Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station is located amongst the hills outside Mullumbimby. The site of the power house has been partially cut into the hillside with a concrete retaining wall built along the northwest side. This wall, which has a height of almost 2 metres, also serves as a footing. A second retaining wall is located behind the building site to the southwest.

The power house is a timber-framed structure clad with corrugated iron. It has a double gable end roof with static air vents fitted along the ridge line. The building measures approximately 34 metres in length by 18 metres in width and is oriented northwest to southeast. Its main entrance faces northeast. Original louver windows of various sizes remain along the length of the building. A large roller door at the east end of the north elevation allows access to an interior mezzanine floor. Inside the power house the walls are partially clad with timber. A steel frame supports an 8 Tonne travelling crane used to move heavier items.

View of power station floor showing later diesel generators with original hydro turbines to rear


A unique collection of hydro and combustion engines are located inside the power station. They include two hydro-electric sets, both identical GEC Pelton wheel turbines of 144 KW capacity with Boving governor controls. The attached alternators are GEC, three phase with 650 volts output at 600rpm. The maker's plate on one of the turbines reads "Boving & Co. Ltd. London". The writing on the older engine from 1926 reads "Ruston Lincoln England". The generator's makers plate reads "The General Electric Co. Ltd. Witton England".

The four Mirrlees diesel engines are:

  * A 7-cylinder engine with GEC alternator, 937 KVA, 11500 Volt output at 375rpm;
  * A 5-cylinder engine with GEC alternator, 344 KVA, 660 Volt output at 375rpm;
  * A 7-cylinder engine with Schorch alternator, 625 KVA, 400 volt output at 375rpm; and
  * An 8-cylinder engine with brush alternator, 1150 KVA, 6600 volt output at 375 rpm.

All generators are three phase. In total there are three diesel engines and the old Ruston Lincoln engine, a 4-cylinder engine plus the two hydro-energy sets, each comprising turbine and generator.

Some features associated with the power generating equipment, including exhausts and a smaller cooling tower, are located on the south side of the power house; two smaller annexes are attached to the original building. A short distance southwards are the footings of two cooling towers that have been removed.

Lavertys Gap Weir

Descending down the adjacent hill, the end of the pipeline is located at the southwest corner of the powerhouse. This pipeline conveyed water to power the turbines from a weir built at Lavertys Gap above the Power House. The storage capacity of the weir is 30 million gallons.

The Hydro-electric station contains a catalogued Movable Heritage Collection that relates to its industrial use. The following catalogued items are considered an important part of the significance of the site:


1. Three phase grinder.
 2. Block and Tackle.
 3. Prop for pipe cutting.
 4. Timber block used for wad punching.
 5. Handle for gate valve.
 6. Shaft for gate valve.
 7. Timber work benches.
 8. Handle to roll 44 gallon drums.
 9. Pikes for standing poles.
10. Ten ton block and tackle.
11. 44 gallon drum roller.
12. Hooks to store chains, wire ropes & shackles.
13. Transformer for lead light.
14. Steel bar to turn the engine over.
15. Pirometers used for reading exhaust gas temperature.
16. Set of spanners.
17. Set of tools for the turbine.
18. Buckets for the turbine.
19. Air tank.
20. Stand for the air tank.
21. Transformers for the hydro units.
22. Relay tester.
23. Pallets of spare parts.
24. Timber brake for the fly wheels.
25. Control panel for the engines.
26. Signs.
27. Electric jug.
28. Mezzanine floor all items to be kept on shelves.
29. Two lights

The switching gear and controls appear to date from the 1950s or 1960s.

Condition

As at 30 November 2012, the power plant shows signs of moderate deterioration and is in the need of some maintenance and repair. The asbestos sheeting on the roof had recently been replaced with galvanised corrugated iron as had the walls. The water race was in good condition, showing signs of maintenance and repair. In some sections the land at the edges of the race has been sandbagged to prevent erosion.

The Mullumbimby Power House complex is in excellent condition. Minor modernisation has generally occurred to provide for the increased demand. The retention of machinery in its original contexts adds strength to the integrity of this site.

A recent upgraded substation and three large sheds (Terranora Interconnector) have also been built to the north west in recent years. The original substation has been removed from the site along with two cooling towers, two sheds and a weatherboard cottage.

Heritage listing

Heritage boundaries


Heritage listing

Heritage boundaries

The Mullumbimby Power Station Complex, incorporating Hydro-electric Power Station, Lavertys Gap Weir and associated water races, are of state heritage significance as a complete system associated with a smaller provincial hydro-electric power station built by Mullumbimby Municipal Council as part of the provision and supply of electricity from the mid-1920s. It was the fourth hydro-electric power station built in NSW for the large scale provision of electricity and the fifth constructed on the mainland. Associated with the early development of hydro-electricity in NSW it represents the transition from local councils and private companies to county councils in the provision and supply of electricity to the community.

The Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station complex is a fine example of a 1920s provincial hydro-electric power generating complex complete with a significant collection of associated features and machinery. Its power house, machinery, steel pipes, annexes, cooling tower, valves, race and weir are an intact collection and a physical example of hydro-electric development and technical innovation in the Byron area in the since 1924.

The size and intactness of the Mullumbimby Power Station and associated items, the dominant form and fabric of the power house and its imposing presence within a natural setting afford the complex considerable aesthetic and technical value. The surviving collection of hydro and combustion engines including two GEC Pelton wheel turbines, a Boving & Co. Ltd engine, Ruston Lincoln engine, a General Electric Co. Ltd generator, and four Mirrlees diesel engines, as well as the overhead travelling cranes, are a rare industrial collection surviving within their original context. Considered to be particularly rare, are the Pelton turbines which are two of only a few examples surviving in their original context worldwide.

The Hydro-electric station contains a catalogued Movable Heritage Collection that relates to its industrial use including tools and machinery elements. These form an important part of the intact collection at this site.

Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station Complex was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 27 June 2014 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.


The Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station, Lavertys Gap Weir and Water Races meet this criterion at State level as the fourth hydro-electric power station complex to be built in NSW and the fifth in mainland Australia. In addition, it is significant for its association with the development of hydro-electric power generation in New South Wales.

It meets this criterion at a local level as part of a group of power stations and associated items in the Northern Rivers region. Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station has played an important role in the development of electricity generation and supply to the local area since the mid-1920s up to its decommissioning in 1989.

Originally built by Mullumbimby Municipal Council, its ownership and management by the Council provided income to the municipality, contributing to the economic development of the region. The Power Station is also of local historical significance as it represents the transition from Local Councils and private companies to County Councils in the provision and supply of electricity to the community.

The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

It meets this criterion at State level due to its largely preserved appearance, its size, dominant form and its imposing presence as a steel structure within a natural setting.

The preservation of associated features including its machinery, steel pipes, valves, race and weir also afford this historic site considerable aesthetic significance.

The hydro-electric complex is aesthetically distinctive as an industrial display of creative and technical innovation. The power house, its associated structures and machinery are of technical interest.

The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

It meets this criterion at local level due to its importance to the Byron Shire community and the regional community as part of an important 1920s endeavour to make the north coast self-sufficient on hydro-electric power.

The Power Station has special associations for former workers and is appreciated for its contribution to the economic development of the region through the provision of electricity to local industries, businesses and residences. This social significance is recognised through listing as a heritage item on the National Trust Register (NSW) and the Byron Local Environmental Plan.


The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

It meets this criterion at State level as a reference of an early twentieth century hydro-electric complex.

Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station has a rare ability to demonstrate once common work practices in the early to mid 20th century, which are now almost entirely discontinued through changes in technology and workplace health and safety requirements.

The Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station and its associated machinery, steel pipes, valves, race and weir are an intact collection of one of the earliest hydro-electric power stations in NSW. This early technology has the potential to yield information on the early development of hydro-electric schemes in Australia. The Power Station has limited historical archaeological potential.

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

It meets this criterion at State level as the fourth hydro-electric power station in NSW. Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station is unique because of the early combination of hydro-electric and diesel powered technology. The size and intactness of the Power Station and associated items also afford the industrial complex rarity value.

The two GEC Pelton wheel turbines, a Boving & Co. Ltd engine, Ruston Lincoln engine, a General Electric Co. Ltd generator, and four Mirrlees diesel engines, as well as the overhead travelling cranes, are a rare industrial collection surviving within their original context.

In particular, the GEC Pelton wheel turbines are two of only a few known examples surviving in their original context worldwide.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.

It meets this criterion at State level as the Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station Complex is a fine representative example of a mid 1920s provincial hydro-electric power generating complex.

It is representative of one of the earliest hydro-electric power stations in Australia and the associated items demonstrate the development of provincial power schemes by Local Councils in NSW in the 1920s.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station Complex.
  * Clarence River County Council Annual Report. 1939.
  * Sydney Morning Herald 26 December. 1925.
  * Environmental Resources Management (2008). Lismore to Mullumbimby Electricity Network Upgrade - Environmental Assessment.
  * Government Architects Office (2010). "Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station CMP" (PDF).
  * Brokenshire, Jim (1988). The Brunswick. Another River and its People.
  * Howard Tanner and Associates, McDonald Brickman Corkhill, Godden Mackay Logan Pt (1993). Northern Rivers Electricity Heritage and Conservation Register.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  * Stedinger Associates Pty Ltd (2008). Country Energy S170 Register.

Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station Complex, entry number 01926 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 2 June 2018.