Humboldt Township, Minnehaha County, South Dakota

Humboldt Township is a township in Minnehaha County, in the U.S. state of South Dakota.

Humboldt, South Dakota, is the town in Humboldt township.

History

Humboldt Township was named for Alexander von Humboldt, a German scientist and writer.

43°38′40″N 97°4′30″W / 43.64444°N 97.07500°W


Mamadou Coulibaly (judoka)

For other people named Mamadou Coulibaly, see Mamadou Coulibaly (disambiguation).

Mamadou Coulibaly is a Malian judoka. He competed in the men's half-lightweight event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

  * Mamadou Coulibaly at Olympedia


Chinjufu shōgun

The chinjufu shōgun (鎮守府将軍, literally, “commander-in-chief of the central peacekeeping headquarters”),seii taishōgun, the chinjufu shōgun was primarily responsible for the pacification of the Ezo people of northern Honshū and Hokkaidō, and Japan's defense against them.

The post was originally created during the Nara period. A military district, called chinjufu (鎮守府) was established as the chinjufu shōgun's area of authority. It was originally located in the fortress of Tagajō in what is now Miyagi Prefecture. However, it was moved further north in 801, after the chinjufu shōgun at the time, Sakanoue no Tamuramaro achieved a series of victories against the natives, pushing them further north. Once all of Honshū was conquered, or pacified, by the Japanese, the new base at Isawa came to be controlled by the various samurai clans of that region. The castle, along with the chinjufu military district and the position of chinjufu shōgun, was abandoned in the early 14th century.

Notable chinjufu shōgun


Chinjufu shōgun

* Ōno no Azumabito (大野東人, d. 742)
  * Ōtomo no Komaro (大伴古麻呂, d. 757)
  * Fujiwara no Asakari (藤原朝狩, d. 764)
  * Tanaka no Ōtamaro (田中多太麻呂, appointed 769)
  * Ishikawa no Natari (石川名足, 728–788)
  * Sakanoue no Karitamaro (坂上苅田麿, 728–786)
  * Saeki no Mino (佐伯三野, d. 779)
  * Ōtomo no Surugamaro (大伴駿河麻呂, d. 776)
  * Ki no Hirozumi (紀廣純, appointed 777)
  * Ōtomo no Yakamochi (大伴家持, 718–785)
  * Kudara no Konikishi Shuntetsu (百済王俊哲, appointed 787, reappointed 798)
  * Tajihi no Umi (多治比宇美, appointed 787)
  * Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (坂上田村麻呂, 758–811)
  * Saeki no Mimimaro (佐伯耳麻呂, appointed 809)
  * Mononobe no Taritsugu (物部足継, appointed 812)
  * Mononobe no Kumai (物部熊猪, appointed 834)
  * Sakanoue no Masamichi (坂上当道, appointed 859)
  * Ono no Harukaze (小野春風, appointed 878)
  * Abe no Mitora (安倍三寅, appointed 884)
  * Fujiwara no Toshihito (藤原利仁, appointed 915)
  * Fujiwara no Toshiyuki (藤原利行)
  * Taira no Kunika (平国香, d. 935)


Chinjufu shōgun

* Taira no Yoshikane (平良兼, d. 939)
  * Taira no Yoshimasa (平良将)
  * Fujiwara no Hidesato (藤原秀郷, 10th century)
  * Taira no Yoshimochi (平良持, d. 935)
  * Taira no Sadamori (平貞盛, d. 989)
  * Minamoto no Tsunemoto (源經基, 894–961)
  * Minamoto no Mitsunaka (源満仲, 912–997)
  * Minamoto no Yorinobu (源頼信, 968–1048)
  * Abe no Yoritoki (安倍頼時, c. 1050)
  * Minamoto no Yoriyoshi (源頼義, 998–1082)
  * Minamoto no Yoshiie (源義家, 1039–1106)
  * Fujiwara no Hidehira (藤原秀衡, c. 1122–1187)
  * Minamoto no Yoshishige (源義重, 1135–1202)
  * Kitabatake Akiie (北畠顕家, 1318–1338)
  * Ashikaga Takauji (足利尊氏, 1305–1358)
  * Ashikaga Tadayoshi (足利直義, 1306–1352)
  * Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  * "Chinjufu" was also the name of a naval station (depot), an admiralty port.Meiji era, of the naval bases at Sasebo, Maizuru, and Yokosuka.
  * "Chinju" or "chinju no kami" - a local (tutelary) deity, a guardian god, a tutelary god protecting a specific geographical area. "Chinju no kami" are found in imperial residences, large mansions, Buddhist temples, and in the territories and castles of aristocratic families. They have come gradually to be worshipped as "ujigami" or "ubusuna no kami"


Chinjufu shōgun

* Shin-meikai-kokugo-jiten, Sanseido Co., Ltd, Tokyo 1974
  * Adolphson, Mikael; Edward Kamens, Stacie Matsumoto (2007). Heian Japan: Centers and Peripheries. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-3013-X.


Lafayette Home Hospital

[Home Hospital logo]

Home Hospital logo

Lafayette Home Hospital was a 270-bed medical center in Lafayette, Indiana, United States, owned by the not-for-profit Franciscan Health, a division of Sisters of St. Francis Health Services, Inc. The facility ceased all medical services on February 25, 2010.

History

The hospital's southeast corner, 2007.

Founding

Home Hospital originally began in a house at the corner of 16th and Howell streets, adjacent to the current Franciscan Health Lafayette Central campus. It was known as "The Home for the Friendless," a place where care was provided for homeless residents. At their board meeting in November 1894, the board voted to use the home and all of its belongings as a hospital, as many other community organizations began serving homeless and destitute residents. They voted to rename the facility, "City Hospital," which never caught on with residents, who kept going back to the name "Home." On June 16, 1895, Lafayette Home Hospital was officially incorporatedJournal & Courier from June 1895. (A date of July 22, 1895 appears on the paperwork approved by the Secretary of State.) While no benefactors stepped forward to change the name, several community members and groups stepped forward to provide supplies, funds and eventually land for Home Hospital.

According to the Journal & Courier in a special 1945 edition about Home Hospital, the first patient was Miss Mary Smith – who later married Robert Orr, who lived at 923 N. 8th St. "On the morning of Mrs. Orr’s operation, she recalls that all patients ate together, after which the dining room table was cleared for action and the surgery performed. The hospital then is said to have had one nurse, an assistant who also kept house, and a cook. There was room for eight patients and the place was like a home, with the staff and patients forming one happy family."


Lafayette Home Hospital

As their services grew, the board was looking for a new location. After much debate, thoughts of building at Seventh and Union streets were abandoned. In early 1898, a Hospital Ladies’ Aid Society was established as a way to continue to raise funds for various needs at the hospital. In October 1898, the board purchased a half block of land at 24th and South streets – 3 acres of land – across from Columbian Park, which many people called "out in the country." The land included a farm house, which would serve as the new hospital. The purchase was secured in part by the sale of the old property.

In 1901, one of the first benefactors for Home Hospital stepped forward with a gift. John P. Kile, a retired merchant from Lafayette, donated funds and built a new two-story brick building in memory of his wife Elizabeth. The building would be known as the Kile Building, but the organization would still continue to be known as Home Hospital. The new building would have rooms for 24 patients and administration. In December 1905, a third floor was added onto the Kile Building. Mrs. Charles B. Stuart, one of the managers of the hospital, gave Home Hospital an early Christmas gift by donating the rest of the block to the hospital and now its property extended to 25th Street.

Expansion

In the mid 1950s, a group of community leaders gathered and met with both administration and boards of Home Hospital and St. Elizabeth to plan for the future. After about three years of study, the group made its intentions known on April 15, 1959: to provide funding to build 100 beds at Home Hospital and 100 beds at St. Elizabeth, as well as provide equipment and space for ancillary services. The group launched a campaign called HEALTH: Help Enlarge Adequately Lafayette's Two Hospitals.


Lafayette Home Hospital

According to the April 16, 1959 edition of the Journal and Courier, the Tippecanoe County Medical Society recognized "the critical shortage of hospital facilities in Greater Lafayette, Tippecanoe County and the surrounding area, sought the assistance of the Greater Lafayette Chamber of Commerce in obtaining expansion of Home and St. Elizabeth Hospitals." A report was issued by the HEALTH committee by Dr. Herman Smith and Associates – a hospital consultant – emphasizing the need for improvement and expansion at both facilities. The reason why the hospitals needed to be modernized: expansion and growth in the community, especially with new industries and a growing student population at Purdue. The more than $3 million campaign was launched with four goals in mind: to address the existing shortage of hospital beds; the greater demand for beds and other hospital facilities that would accompany population growth; the need for replacement of outmoded facilities; and the improvements necessary for the hospitals to keep pace with the continuing advancements in medical science. The HEALTH campaign went to build a new four-story wing for 100 beds, a new lobby and administrative area, new emergency department, physical medicine department, central medicine supply department, X-ray suite, operating rooms and laboratories at Home Hospital.

The 1970s brought additional advancements in technology and services to Home Hospital. The hospital, which had 365 beds, 35 bassinets and nine isolettes, celebrated the launch of the neonatal intensive care unit in July 1975. Other happenings from 1975 included the Auxiliary providing $59,242.96 to Home Hospital, a bulk of that from the Home Hospital Fair, the gift shop and other events. Their main goal was to complete their pledge of $500,000 for the building fund. The report also included that "Home Hospital’s Red Coats, the first all-male organization of hospital volunteers in the world, celebrated their 10th anniversary."


Lafayette Home Hospital

Construction and changes in services continued through the 1980s and 1990s. Home Hospital continued to experience patient growth. The result: the addition of the new front lobby, patient rooms and ancillary service areas, parking garage and other areas. In 1984, a corporate restructuring created a family of corporations united by a single goal: doing whatever was necessary to maintain Home Hospital as a vibrant, community-owned hospital. North Central Health Services (NCHS) became the new name and parent company of Home Hospital and several other ventures. In 1990, in preparing for its 100th anniversary as Home Hospital, it launched a massive remodeling and modernization project. On September 26, 1997, Home Hospital and St. Elizabeth officials announced that the two entities intended to combine the governance and management in a new corporation. The unified hospital system – originally called Greater Lafayette Health Services (GLHS) – would work to be more efficient and more responsive to those who purchase and consume health care. Some of the benefits of creating the new system would be to eliminate waste and reduce the duplication of expensive technology. They officially merged on January 1, 1999.

Closure

Greater Lafayette Health Services announced in late 2005 a plan to close Home Hospital, and construct a new facility to replace it on the city's southeast side, with St. Elizabeth Medical Center remaining open for critical patient care. Work on the new facility commenced in late 2006, with occupation planned to occur in December 2009. Lafayette Home Hospital closed in February 2010; the property was sold in 2012,

  * Franciscan Health Lafayette East
  * https://www.franciscanhealth.org/healthcare-facilities/franciscan-health-lafayette-central-61 Archived 2017-07-01 at the Wayback Machine
  * https://www.dailyherald.com/amp-article/20111008/news/111009841/

40°25′06.0″N 86°52′07.6″W / 40.418333°N 86.868778°W


Burtsevo, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast

Burtsevo (Russian: Бурцево) is a rural locality (a village) in Yugskoye Rural Settlement, Cherepovetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 22 as of 2002.

Geography

Burtsevo is located 23 km (14 mi) southeast of Cherepovets (the district's administrative centre) by road. Doronino is the nearest rural locality.


Black and Gold (Cornish song)

This article is about the Cornish folk song. For other uses, see Black and Gold (disambiguation).

Black and Gold (Cornish Du ha'n Owr) is a Cornish folk song. A version is found on Esme Francis' Cornish songs collection Kernow.

English lyrics have been written by Will Coleman.Cornish colours, and can be found on the banner and coat of arms of the Duchy of Cornwall. Traditionally furse (gorse) used to be the major form of fuel in Cornwall, and was widely employed for domestic use. Places mentioned within the song are all located around the village of Boscastle in Cornwall. These include Trevalga, a small village situated between Tintagel and Boscastle. The Cornish phrase "Kissing's out of fashion when the furse is out of bloom" is a local version of the old country phrase: "When gorse is out of blossom, kissing's out of fashion." This is a reference to the fact that gorse bears flowers year round.

  * Gorse on www.the-tree.org.uk
  * findarticles.com
  * 'A Modern Herbal' (Grieves 1931)


Lombard Steam Log Hauler

Lombard Log Hauler #38, built ca. 1910, restored in 2014 by the University of Maine Mechanical Engineering Technology class of 2014 and the Maine Forest and Logging Museum.

A restored Lombard steam log hauler at Clark's Trading Post in Lincoln, New Hampshire

The Lombard Steam Log Hauler, patented 21 May 1901, was the first successful commercial application of a continuous track for vehicle propulsion.tanks during World War I and for agricultural tractors and construction equipment following the war.

Description

Alvin Orlando Lombard was a blacksmith building logging equipment in Waterville, Maine. He built 83 steam log haulers between 1901 and 1917.saddle-tank steam locomotive with a small platform in front of the boiler where the cow-catcher might be expected.

A steering wheel on the platform moved a large pair of skis beneath the platform. A set of tracked vehicle treads occupied the space beneath the boiler where driving wheels might be expected. The locomotive cylinders powered the treads through a gear train. The log haulers mechanically resembled 10- to 30-ton snowmobiles with a top speed of about 4.5 miles per hour (7.2 km/h).

Lombard Patent US854364

Operation

While the ground was covered with snow and ice, a log hauler could tow a string of sleds filled with logs. Each sled train required a crew of four men. An engineer and fireman occupied the cab behind the boiler, and a steersman sat on the platform in front. A conductor rode on the sleds with a bell-rope or wire to signal the crew in the cab.board-feet of logs. The record train length was said to be 24 sleds with a total length of 1,650 feet (500 m).

The greatest operational difficulty was on downhill grades where ice allowed the sleds to accelerate faster than the engine. Jack-knifing sleds pushed many log haulers into trees, and most photos of log haulers show rebuilt cabs and bent ironwork on the boiler and saddle tank. Hay was spread over the downhill routes in an effort to increase friction under the sleds, but hungry deer sometimes consumed the hay before the train arrived.


Lombard Steam Log Hauler

The steersman was regarded as the hero of the crew. In sub-freezing temperatures down to 40 degrees below zero, he sat in an exposed position in front of the train. Sparks flying out of the boiler stack above him would sometimes set his clothing on fire as avoidance of trees required his full attention and effort turning the large iron steering wheel. Some steersmen earned enough money to purchase fire-resistant leather clothing. Some log haulers had a small roofed shelter built on the steering platform, but the shelter limited the steersman's ability to jump clear when collision became inevitable, and he would require luck to avoid injury from the following trainload of logs.

Berlin Mills Company was one of the larger woods operators to use Lombard log haulers. They purchased one machine in 1904, and then purchased two more to maintain reliable operation when one needed repairs. The company maintained a single 6-mile-long (10 km) iced haul road in Stetson, Maine, by nightly application of water from a sprinkler sled, and strung a telephone line with frequent call boxes to dispatch sled trains over that road. The company estimated those three Lombard log haulers did the work of 60 horses.

History

The first two Lombard log haulers were used near Eustis, Maine, in 1901 prior to construction of the Eustis Railroad. These early machines had an upright boiler and were steered by a team of horses.Maine and New Hampshire. A few were used in Michigan, Wisconsin and Russia. Lombard began building 6-cylinder gasoline-powered log haulers in 1914, produced a more powerful "Big 6" later, and built one Fairbanks-Morse Diesel engine hauler in 1934. The internal combustion log haulers (called Lombard tractors) were less powerful than the steam log haulers; and resembled a stake body truck on a skis and tracks chassis. The steam-powered haulers are thought to have been used as late as 1929.Churchill Depot as recently as the 1960s.

Legacy

Antarctic Mount Lombard was named in recognition of the Lombard Log Hauler as the first application of knowledge of snow mechanics to trafficability.National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark in 1982 following nomination by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Lombard Steam Log Haulers have been preserved and restored in:


Lombard Steam Log Hauler

Lombard Steam Log Haulers have been preserved and restored in:

  * Ashland, Maine
  * Maine Forest & Logging Museum in Bradley, Maine
  * Owls Head Transportation Museum in Owls Head, Maine
  * Lumberman's Museum in Patten, Maine
  * Clark's Trading Post in Lincoln, New Hampshire
  * Rhinelander, Wisconsin
  * Saskatchewan Western Development Museum in Saskatoon
  * Waterville, Maine
  * Tulppio, Finland
  * Rovaniemi Forestry Museum, Finland
  * Holbrook, Stewart H. (1961). Yankee Loggers. International Paper Company.
  * Auman, Jim (December 1984). "Lombard log hauler". Railroad Model Craftsman. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  * Walker, Martitia (March 1981). "470 Railroad Club Newsletter". Emmons Lancaster. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  * Springer, Elaine (May 1973). "Log Hauler in Wytopitlock". Maine Life. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lombard tractors.
  * Railway Museums in Finland, including a photograph of Lombard Steam log hauler at Tulppio
  * Forestry Museum of Lapland, Rovaniemi


Kateryna Bilokon

Kateryna Bilokon (born March 12, 1998) is a Ukrainian female acrobatic gymnast. With partners Olena Karakuts and Nadiia Kotliar, Bilokon competed in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kateryna Bilokon.


Cixiinae

Cixiinae is a planthopper subfamily in the family Cixiidae. It is one of three such subfamilies, the other two being the Bothriocerinae and the Borystheninae.Fulgoroidea,

Tribes

In 1938 Metcalf divided the Cixiinae into tribes, including the Cixiini and Oecleini of Muir;Stenophlepsiini were returned to the Cixiinae, and the Pentastirini were subdivided into the Pentastirina and Oliarina subtribes.

Currently there are sixteen recognized tribes, although some tribes lack adequate description:

  * Andini Emeljanov, 2002
  * Bennarellini Emeljanov, 1989
  * Bennini Metcalf, 1938
  * Brixidiini Emeljanov, 2002
  * Brixiini Emeljanov, 2002
  * Cajetini Emeljanov, 2002
  * Cixiini Muir, 1923 - non-monophyletic
  * Duiliini Emeljanov, 2002
  * Eucarpiini Emeljanov, 2002 - monophyletic
  * Gelastocephalini Emeljanov, 2000 - putatively monophyletic
  * Mnemosynini Szwedo, 2004 - one extant genusMnemosyne (planthopper) Stål, 1866 (5 extinct)
  * Oecleini Muir, 1922 - non-monophyletic
  * Pentastirini Emeljanov, 1971 - monophyletic
  * Pintaliini Metcalf, 1938 - non-monophyletic
  * Semonini Emeljanov, 2002 - putatively monophyletic
  * Stenophlepsiini Metcalf, 1938
Wikispecies has information related to Cixiinae.


Brian Holcombe

Brian Holcombe (born 28 July 1941) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

  * Brian Holcombe's playing statistics from AFL Tables
  * Brian Holcombe's profile at Blueseum


Humboldt Salt Marsh

The Humboldt Salt Marsh in the Humboldt Sink of northwestern Nevada is a wetlandsalt marshes within the state (cf. Tonopah Wetland in the Tonopah Basin).Humboldt Wildlife Management Area.

39°49′36″N 117°59′08″W / 39.82667°N 117.98556°W


Mamadou Diakité (politician)

Mamadou Diakité (born 1950, in Bamako) is the Minister of Youth, Work, Employment and Professional Development of Mali since 24 April 2012.


Catocala fraxini

Catocala fraxini, the blue underwing or Clifden nonpareil, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

Distribution

The distribution area covers almost the entire central and northern Europe, as well as parts of southern Europe. The species is largely missing in Portugal, the Mediterranean islands (except Corsica), in Greece, in northern Scotland, in northern Scandinavia and north and in southern Russia. The distribution area stretches across the Palearctic to northern Turkey, Siberia, Russian Far East, Korea and Japan.

The name "Clifden nonpareil" is derived from the location of the first British records, at the Cliveden estate in Berkshire in the 18th-century,nonpareil" meaning "without equal" in French. The moth became extinct as a breeding species in Great Britain by the 1960s with post-war changes to forestry, such as when for example, the larval foodplants aspen and poplar were cleared in Orlestone Forest, Kent to make way for conifers. For decades it was a rare migrant from Europe with just single sightings recorded in some years. Larvae have since been found in Sussex and sightings in 2018 suggest it has spread to the Midlands and Wales.

Technical description and variation

For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.


Catocala fraxini

Forewing whitish ochreous, irrorated with pale or dark grey, sometimes with a yellow tinge; inner and outer lines blackish, dentate, double; median and subterminal lines blackish, dentate; reniform stigma with black centre and outline; beneath it a pale yellowish diamond-shaped spot outlined with moerens. dark; hindwing blackish, with a broad blue postmedian band. — ab. moerens Fuchs has the forewing more or less strongly suffused throughout with blackish grey, obscuring the markings; — the form gaudens Stgr. on the other hand, from Central Asia, is very pale, with most of the black scaling obsolete; in the ab. contigua Schultz the pale spot below the reniform stigma is elongated outwards to touch the outer line, often, as well as the outer line itself, strongly yellow-tinged, especially noticeable in examples with the ground colour dark; -angustata Schultz is distinguished by the narrowness of the blue band of the hindwing; — the ab. maculata Kusenov shows a white mark at the lower angle of cell of hindwing. Schultz also records an instance of albinism in the forewings, where the grey scales throughout have become white, and the black lines brownish yellow, the hindwings remaining unaltered.

Subspecies

  * Catocala fraxini fraxini
  * Catocala fraxini jezoensis Matsumura, 1931 (Japan)
  * Catocala fraxini legionensis Gómez Bustillo & Vega Escandon, 1975 (Spain)
  * Catocala fraxini yuennanensis Mell, 1936 (China: Yunnan)

larva

Biology

Larva brownish grey, black speckled, with pointed prominences on segments 9 and 12. The caterpillars feed on various species of poplar (Populus species).

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Catocala fraxini.
  * Kimber, Ian. "72.076 BF2451 Clifden Nonpareil Catocala fraxini (Linnaeus, 1758)". UKMoths
  * Savela, Markku (July 27, 2019). "Catocala fraxini (Linnaeus, 1758)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
  * Lepiforum e.V.


Erft

The Erft (pronounced [ʔɛɐ̯ft]) is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows through the foothills of the Eifel, and joins the Lower Rhine (left tributary). Its origin is near Nettersheim, and its mouth in Neuss-Grimlinghausen south of the Josef Cardinal Frings Bridge. The river is 106.6 kilometres (66.2 mi) long, which is significantly shorter than it was originally. Due to the open-pit mining of lignite in the Hambacher Loch, the flow of the river had to be changed.

The Erft gave its name to the town of Erftstadt, through which it flows, as well as to the Rhein-Erft district. It also flows through the towns of Bad Münstereifel, Euskirchen, Bergheim, Bedburg and Grevenbroich.

Gallery

  * [Source of the Erft near Holzmülheim]
    Source of the Erft near Holzmülheim
  * [The Erft near Grevenbroich]
    The Erft near Grevenbroich
  * [Mouth of the Erft in the Rhine near Neuss-Grimlinghausen]
    Mouth of the Erft in the Rhine near Neuss-Grimlinghausen


Burtsevo, Ufimsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

Burtsevo (Russian: Бурцево) is a rural locality (a village) in Russko-Yurmashsky Selsoviet, Ufimsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 217 as of 2010.

Geography

Burtsevo is located 22 km southeast of Ufa (the district's administrative centre) by road. Shmidtovo is the nearest rural locality.


Black and Greene Records

Black and Greene Records is an independent record label that was founded in 2004 by David Greene and Jeremy Black (Apollo Sunshine).Eastbound & Down and 90210.

Discography

  * BG001: Apollo Sunshine: Katonah LP (180 Gram vinyl pressing)
  * BG002: Apollo Sunshine: S/T LP (2xLP vinyl pressing)
  * BG003: White Flight: S/T LP (2xLP gatefold edition)
  * BG701: White Flight: S/T 45" (45" EXPORT to UK)
  * BG004: Bryan Scary: The Shredding Tears LP (CD)
  * BG005: Self Righteous Brothers: In Loving Memory LP (CD and Vinyl)
  * BG006: Drug Rug; S/T (CD and Vinyl)
  * BG007: Bryan Scary & The Shredding Tears: Flight of the Knife (CD and Vinyl)
  * BG008: Drug Rug : Paint the Fence Invisible (CD and Vinyl)
  * BG701: White Flight (band) : Timeshaker 45" (/500 7" records)
  * BG702: Netherfriends : Feathers & Dots EP (vinyl)
  * List of record labels
  * Official site


Luke Beaven

Luke Edward Beaven (born 31 August 1989) is an English cricketer. Beaven is a right-handed batsman who bowls slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Reading, Berkshire.

Beaven made his debut for Berkshire against Cornwall in the 2006 MCCA Knockout Trophy. To date, he has made 15 Minor Counties ChampionshipUnicorns to play in the Clydesdale Bank 40. He made his List A debut for the team against Glamorgan and followed this up with a further appearance against Lancashire,Stephen Moore for the cost 25 runs from 6 overs.average of 35.50, with best figures of 3/35.

  * Luke Beaven at ESPNcricinfo
  * Luke Beaven at CricketArchive (subscription required)


Kontemenos

Kontemenos (Greek: Κοντεμένος, Turkish: Kılıçaslan) is a town located in the Kyrenia District of Cyprus, 7 km northwest of Skylloura. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.

Since the Turkish invasion in 1974, the village has been used as a Turkish military camp. The etymology of the village's name is unclear. Until 1974, Turkish Cypriots called the village "Kördemen" or "Kördümen" ("blind wheel"); this name was changed after 1974 and the village was named after Seçim Kılıçaslan, a Turkish soldier who died near the village during the invasion.


Clarence Moreton Basin

The Clarence Moreton Basin is a Mesozoic sedimentary basin on the easternmost part of the Australian continent. It is located in the far north east of the state of New South Wales around Lismore and Grafton and in the south east corner of Queensland. It is the part of the Great Artesian Basin that extends to the east coast in Australia's central eastern lowlands.

Description

It formed by oblique extension of the underlying Paleozoic New England Orogen basement. It consists of continental deposits, starting with a small amount of Triassic coal beds, and then mostly Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks.16,000 square kilometres (6,200 sq mi).Clarence River) and Moreton Basin in Queensland were proved to be one structure.

Oil is likely to be present in the basin.

Stratigraphy

Kangaroo Creek Sandstone

The oldest rocks in the Clarence Moreton Basin of New South Wales are the Chillingham Volcanics. These are from some time in the Triassic period, and crop out in a band north and south of Chillingham. They consist of conglomerate at the base, rhyolite, lithic rhyolitic tuff, and shale.Nymboida Coal Measures extend from Nymboida to Kangaroo Creek. They consist of lithic sandstones (wackes, minor arenites), siltstone, polymictic conglomerate, coal, rhyolitic tuff, and basalt. The total thickness is over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). The outcrop is 90 square kilometres (35 sq mi), and it forms a north west trending band 29 kilometres (18 mi) long on the southwest tip of the basin.Cloughers Creek Formation.Basin Creek FormationBardool Conglomerate forming a 180 metres (590 ft) thick layer,15-metre (49 ft) thick layer of basalt exposed at Copes Creek.Neranleigh-Fernvale Beds are up to 3,500 metres thick.

The Red Cliff Coal Measures date to the Late Triassic. It forms an outcropping belt 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) wide and 19 kilometres (12 mi) long from Buchanans Head through Red Cliff.Evans Head Coal Measures are correlated with these, but are further up the north coast at Evans Head.


Clarence Moreton Basin

The basin was next uplifted and eroded and then deepened considerably and Bundamba group rocks form a complete V shape on both sides of the basin. In the northern parts the rock is mostly friable sandstone, but in the south it is divided into conglomerate below and siltstone above. The Laytons Range ConglomerateBaryulgil, to Nymboida. The conglomerate often appears as a cliff. The Corindi Conglomerate is a local name for a hailstone sized gravel near Corindi. The Mill Creek Siltstone.

The Marburg Subgroup225 kilometres (140 mi) along the western side of the basin into Queensland from Corindi. It is mostly clay cemented cross bedded quartz sandstone, but this is interbedded with claystone and shale. At the base is the Blaxland Fossil Wood Conglomerate Member at Blaxlands Creek. The fossil wood is in the form of horizontal tree trunks up to 18 metres (59 ft) long and 600 millimetres (24 in) in diameter. The fossilization process replaced the wood with limonite and hematite.Towallum Basalt is a 15-metre (49 ft) thick layer near Nymboida, Glenreagh and Moleton trig station overlying the Marburg formation.arenites, and coal seams and the plant fossils in it show a Jurassic age.

The next layer of rocks in the basin forming a nested U shape in its exposure is the Kangaroo Creek Sandstone.150 metres (490 ft) thick.

The Grafton FormationGrafton to Casino consisting of soft sandstone, siltstone and claystone. Dolerite has intruded this at Glenugie Peak, and near Banyabba.

Rifting along the east coast of Australia commenced and uplifted the eastern side of the Clarence Moreton Basin.Lord Howe Rise and the opening of the ocean floor.

  * Northern Rivers Geology Blog - Clarence Moreton Basin


Brian Hone

Sir Brian William Hone OBE FACE (1907–1978) was an Australian headmaster and, in his youth, a first-class cricketer.

Brian was born on 1 July 1907 in the Adelaide suburb of Semaphore, South Australia, to Dr. Frank Sandland Hone and his wife Lucy née Henderson, He was educated at Prince Alfred College and the University of Adelaide (B.A. Hons, 1928) where he won Blues in cricket, football and tennis. During the 1929–30 cricket season he opened the batting for South Australia, scoring a century against Victoria and averaging nearly 50. In 1930 he was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to attend New College, Oxford (B.A., 1932; M.A., 1938), and achieved honours in English. (C. S. Lewis was his tutor). He won Blues in cricket and tennis.

Brian was the brother of Garton Hone. He and his wife Enid had four children: civil engineer Christopher, academic Judith, corporate lawyer Geoffrey, and sportsman and educator David.

1933–1939: Taught at Marlborough College, Wiltshire, and was made head of the new department of English. While in England he wrote Cricket Practice and Tactics, (London, 1937).

1940–1950: Headmaster, Cranbrook School, Sydney.

1951–1970: Headmaster, Melbourne Grammar School.

1973–1974: Deputy Chancellor, Monash University.

He died in Paris on 28 May 1978. His remains lie near the Norfolk Island pine planted in Dr J E Bromby'sWilliam Hone, via William's son the sculptor Alfred Hone.

Selected bibliography

  * R. M. Jukes, Liber Melburniensis, 4th edn, Melbourne Church of England Grammar School (Melbourne, 1965)
  * J. W. Hogg, Our Proper Concerns (Sydney, 1986)
  * C. E. Moorhouse, "Sir Brian Hone", Unicorn, Vol 14 No 1, February 1988
  * C. E. Moorhouse, Challenge and Response (Melbourne, 1989)

Reference and notes

  * Photo of B Hone, Third Headmaster, Cranbrook School, 1940–1950.
  * Photo of Brian William Hone, circa 1940.


Cynoglossus broadhursti

Cynoglossus broadhursti, commonly known as the Southern tonguesole is a species of tonguefish. It is commonly found in the Indian Ocean off western and southern Australia.

  * Fishbase


Mansurabad-e Olya

For other places with similar names, see Mansurabad.

Mansurabad-e Olya (Persian: منصورابادعليا, also Romanized as Manşūrābād-e ’Olyā; also known as Manşūrābād-e Bālā)Rostam-e Do Rural District, in the Central District of Rostam County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 390, in 80 families.


Ceratina sequoiae

Ceratina sequoiae is a species of small carpenter bee in the family Apidae. It is found in North America.

  * Ascher, J.S.; Pickering, J. (2019). "Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)"


Elisabetta Viviani

Elisabetta Viviani (born 10 October 1953) is an Italian singer, actress, and TV personality.

Biography

Born in Milan in 1953, she began her career in 1962 as a child, playing small roles in the Carosellos RAI and, from the age of seven, she attended Luciana Novaro's Milanese ballet school.

At the same time, she learned to play the guitar and enrolled at the Accademia dei Filodrammatici in Milan.

At that time, he began to lend her image to a few fortunate television commercials.

But 1978 is the year of success, thanks to the anime Heidi, of which she sings the soundtrack, and which sells a million and a half copies. The song, with lyrics by Franco Migliacci, music by Christian Bruhn and chorus by Baba Yaga, was the Italian theme of the famous Japanese anime, directed by Isao Takahata, to be broadcast on RAI.

The following year, 1979, Elisabetta plays La banda dei cinque, the band from the homonym crime program for boys.

In 1981, film producer Mario Cecchi Gori proposed her a role in the hit film Asso, alongside Adriano Celentano and Edwige Fenech.

In 1982 Elisabetta will sing, for the only time, at the Sanremo Festival with the song C'è, by Balducci, reaching the sixth position.

In 1990 she began her collaboration with Fininvest.

In 2015, with singer-songwriter Dario Baldan Bembo and actor Franco Romeo, she acted a recital about the life of pope Francis with music by Baldan Bembo and with text by Adriano Bonfanti and Gigi Reggi, entitled Il primo a chiamarsi Francesco.

In 2017 she released the album Le donne della mia età (Women of my age), which contains ten new songs written and produced by Claudio Damiani.

Elisabetta Viviani is also a painter.

Personal life

On 1 September 1977 Elisabetta became mother of her daughter Nicole, had by Gianni Rivera.White Cross of Milan and she certified in October 2008 at 118. The activity will continue for 10 years until Christmas 2018.


Elisabetta Viviani

Filmography

Films

Year  Title      Role                    Notes
1981  Asso       Carolina, the waitress
2014  Sexy shop  Onirica's manager

Discography

  * 1995 – Semplicemente canzoni
  * 2000 – Un tuffo nel mar Disney
  * 2002 – Un film...una canzone
  * 2004 – Le favole si possono cambiare
  * 2006 – Un Natale di neve
  * 2008 – Panta rei (tutto scorre)
  * 2012 – Magico Natale
  * 2013 – Favolando
  * 2013 – Un Natale da favola
  * 2015 – Il Natale dei bambini
  * 2017 – Elisabetta Viviani per Donnein Quota
  * 2017 – Le donne della mia età

Television

  * No, No, Nanette (Rai 1, 1974)
  * La donna serpente (Rai 1, 1976, film TV)
  * Il mostro turchino (Rai 1, 1976, film TV)
  * Valentina, una ragazza che ha fretta, dir. Vito Molinari (Rai 1, 1977, film TV)
  * La pulce nell'orecchio de Georges Feydeau, dir. Vito Molinari (Rai 1, 1983)
  * La moglie ingenua e il marito malato dir. Achille Campanile (Rai 1, 1985)
  * Passioni (Rai 1, 1989)
  * In crociera (Rete 4, 1999)
  * Elisabetta Viviani discography at Discogs
  * Elisabetta Viviani at IMDb


Burtsevskaya

Burtsevskaya (Russian: Бурцевская) is a rural locality (a village) in Verkhovskoye Rural Settlement, Tarnogsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2002.

Geography

Burtsevskaya is located 43 km west of Tarnogsky Gorodok (the district's administrative centre) by road. Patrakeyevskaya is the nearest rural locality.


Black and Orange Cabins

The Black and Orange Cabins are a motel constructed next to Fort Bridger in southwest Wyoming. The cabins were originally constructed in 1925 along the Lincoln Highway, giving automobile tourist lodging accommodations while travelling through Wyoming. The site was active from 1925 until 1936. It was sold to a new owner in 1941, but was likely never again opened. The site remained essentially abandoned from 1948 until 1996.

In 1996, the site was purchased by the Fort Bridger Historical Society and was then donated to the state, as it was located adjacent to the Fort Bridger historic site. The State of Wyoming began an extensive restoration project in 2007, including foundation stabilization of the cabins, and foundation, chimney, and roof repairs. This round of restoration was completed in June 2009.

  * Black and Orange Cabins page, Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office


Luke Boyd

For other people named Luke Boyd, see Luke Boyd (disambiguation).

Luke Boyd (born 22 April 1987 in Sydney) is an Indigenous Australian professional boxer who competes as a featherweight. As an amateur, Boyd represented Australia at the 2008 Olympics, reaching the round of 32 of the bantamweight bracket.

Amateur career

He was named New South Wales's Most Outstanding Boxer in 2006 and in 2007 was awarded an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship.2008 Olympics, one of three indigenous boxers in the squad,Khumiso Ikgopoleng from Botswana in his first bout.

Professional boxing record

2 fights     2 wins  0 losses
By knockout    2        0

No.  Result  Record  Opponent                       Type  Round, time  Date         Location                                               Notes
2    Win     2–0     [Thailand] Pornchai Sithpajuk  TKO   2 (4), 1:30  22 Jul 2016  [Australia] Mediterranean House, Five Dock, Australia
1    Win     1–0     [Fiji] Krishna Mudaliar        KO    1 (4), 0:51  6 Dec 2014   [Australia] Leagues Club, Cabramatta, Australia        Professional debut

  * Boxing record for Luke Boyd from BoxRec (registration required)
  * Olympic results


Kontea

Kontea (Greek: Κοντέα, Turkish: Türkmenköy) is a village in the Famagusta District of Cyprus, located 3 km east of Lysi. The name of the village originates in the era of Venetian rule in Cyprus and it originally means "county" in Italian (full historical appellation: Contea di Famagosta). It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.

Türkmenköy Aydın Sports Club is the football team of Kontea that is in Northern Cyprus Football League since 1977. South Mesaoria Social Facility for Kontea and Pergamos is constructed by the help of European Union.


Iveri Jikurauli

Iveri Jikurauli (born March 22, 1976) is a Georgian judoka.

Achievements

Year                         Tournament                   Place                      Weight class
2003                         World Judo Championships                7th             Half heavyweight (100 kg)
European Judo Championships              5th              Half heavyweight (100 kg)
2001                         World Judo Championships                5th             Half heavyweight (100 kg)
European Judo Championships              3rd              Half heavyweight (100 kg)
2000                         Olympic Games                           7th             Half heavyweight (100 kg)
European Judo Championships              3rd              Half heavyweight (100 kg)
1999                         European Judo Championships             7th             Half heavyweight (100 kg)
Universiade                              3rd              Half heavyweight (100 kg)
1997                         European Judo Championships             5th             Half heavyweight (95 kg)
1995                         European Judo Championships             2nd             Middleweight (86 kg)
1994                         European Judo Championships             3rd             Middleweight (86 kg)

  * Iveri Jikurauli at JudoInside.com


Brian Hills

For the physiologist, see Brian Andrew Hills. For other people with similar names, see Brian Hill (disambiguation) and Bryan Hill (disambiguation).

Brian Hills (born August 17, 1959) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former player currently the associate head coach for the Rochester Institute of Technology men's ice hockey team since 2005.

Playing career

Hills played ice hockey at Bowling Green State University the same time as current RIT head coach Wayne Wilson where they were teammates. Hills was a two-time All-American and two-time Hobey Baker Memorial Award finalist. He led the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) in scoring twice and was the CCHA Player of the Year in 1983. In addition, Hills was a two-time CCHA All-Academic team member, and was a second team CoSIDA/GTE Academic All-American as a senior. Hills left Bowling Green as its all-time leading scorer and is currently second on the list. He scored 116 goals and added 154 assists for 270 points in 156 games. In 1982-83 he set a school single-season record that still stands with 94 points (37-57-94) in 40 games. Hills led the Falcons in scoring during his final three seasons.

After graduating from Bowling Green with a degree in business administration, Hills spent 11 seasons playing professionally in Europe (eight years in Switzerland and three in Germany). He won three gold medals with Team Canada in Europe's Spengler Cup.

Coaching career

Hills spent seven years (1994-2001) as an assistant coach with Bowling Green. During that time he assisted with Team Canada's national team selection committee in 1997 and 1998. He also coached the Chur (Switzerland) Junior Hockey Team in 1986-87. He would later become the head coach at SUNY Geneseo, a position he would hold for four seasons where he led the Knights to a record of 18-7-4, a SUNYAC Championship, the quarterfinals of the NCAA Division III Tournament, and a No. 7 ranking in the final Division III poll during his last season. Hills amassed a record of 53-42-14 while reviving the Geneseo hockey program. His record during his final two seasons at Geneseo was 32-14-9.

Personal life


Brian Hills

Personal life

Hills lives in Honeoye Falls with his wife, Andrea. They have two children, a daughter Alexandra, and son Trevor. Alexandra was a forward on the RIT women's hockey team that won the 2012 NCAA Division III National Championship. She also earned her bachelor's degree from the university. Trevor will begin his junior season on the hockey team at SUNY Geneseo in 2015-16.

Awards and honours

Award                   Year
All-CCHA Second Team    1980–81
All-CCHA First Team     1981–82
AHCA West All-American  1981–82
All-CCHA First Team     1982–83
AHCA West All-American  1982–83

  * Brian Hills career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
  * Brian Hills career statistics at EliteProspects.com


Circumflex iliac artery

Circumflex iliac artery may refer to:

  * Deep circumflex iliac artery
  * Superficial circumflex iliac artery


Mansurabad, Marvdasht

For other places with similar names, see Mansurabad.
For the other villages named Mansurabad in Marvdasht County, see Mansurabad, Kamfiruz; Mansurabad, Rudbal; and Mansurabad, Seyyedan.

Mansurabad (Persian: منصوراباد, also Romanized as Manşūrābād; also known as Manşūrābād-e Eyzadī, Manşūrābād-e Rāmjerd, and Sākhtemān Manşūrābād)Majdabad Rural District, in the Central District of Marvdasht County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 127, in 31 families.


Ceratina hieroglyphica

Ceratina hieroglyphica, is a species of bee belonging to the family Apidae, subfamily Xylocopinae.

  * Animaldiversity.org
  * Itis.gov
  * Academia.edu


Elisapee Enuaraq

Elisapee Enuaraq (born 1955) is an Inuit artist.

Enuaraq lives in Clyde River, Nunavut.National Gallery of Canada,Museum of Anthropology at the University of British ColumbiaWinnipeg Art Gallery.


Burtons Bridge, Illinois

Burtons Bridge is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in McHenry County, Illinois, United States. Burtons Bridge is located on the west bank of the Fox River, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Holiday Hills. It was named a CDP for the 2020 census, at which time it had a population of 226.

Demographics

Historical population
Census                 Pop.  Note  %±
2020                   226         —
U.S. Decennial Census
2020

2020 census

Burtons Bridge CDP, Illinois - Demographic Profile (NH = Non-Hispanic) Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity                             Pop 2020  % 2020
White alone (NH)                             170       75.22%
Black or African American alone (NH)         9         3.98%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)  0         0.00%
Asian alone (NH)                             2         0.88%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)                  1         0.44%
Some Other Race alone (NH)                   2         0.88%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH)                 8         3.54%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)                34        15.04%
Total                                        226       100.00%


Black and Red

Black and Red may refer to:

  * "Black and Red", a song by Avail from their 2002 album Front Porch Stories
  * Black and Red Press, a radical Marxist printers/publishers group that Fredy Perlman was involved with
  * Black n' Red, the collection of notepads and journals now owned by Oxford University
  * A song released in 2019 by Reignwolf
  * Red and black (disambiguation)


Luke Bone Grocery-Boarding House

The Luke Bone Grocery-Boarding House is a historic mixed-use commercial and residential building at Main and Market Streets in Bald Knob, Arkansas. It is a two-story structure, faced in cut stone but structurally built out of brick. It has a single storefront, sheltered by an open porch, with a pair of sash windows above. When built c. 1915, it housed a shop and restaurant below, and a hotel above, serving railroad passengers. The hotel was later converted to a boarding house, and the cut stone exterior was added in the 1930s, when the style was popularized by projects of the Works Progress Administration.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

  * National Register of Historic Places listings in White County, Arkansas


Kollam KSWTD Ferry Terminal

Kollam KSWTD Boat Jetty or Kollam KSWTD Ferry Station is an transport hub in the city of Kollam in Kerala, India, one of 14 ferry stations owned by the Kerala State Water Transport Department.

Tourist Facilitation Centre near Kollam Ferry Terminal

DTPC Office near Kollam Ferry Terminal

Importance

Kollam is one of the few cities in Kerala which is reachable by rail, road or water transportation. The city of Kollam (Quilon) was the commercial capital of the princely state of Travancore. Kollam Port was founded by Mar Abo at Tangasseri in 825. The district's major waterways include Ashtamudi Lake, Paravur Kayal, Sasthamcotta Lake and the historic Kollam Canal. The Kerala State Water Transport Department (KSWTD) operates ferries from Kollam to the following destinations:

  * Sampranikkodi
  * Guhanandapuram
  * Pezhumthuruthu
  * Muthiraparamb (West Kallada)
  * Ayiramthengu
  * Munroe Island
  * Alappuzha

Location

The KSWTD jetty is situated near Kollam KSRTC Bus Station in Cutchery. The ferry station is situated on the side of Asramam Link Road. Kollam has two gateways to the backwaters of Kerala.

  * Kollam Junction railway station - 2.2 km
  * Kollam Port - 2.0 km
  * Kollam Beach - 3.3 km

Kollam-Alappuzha Tourist Boat Service

Kollam-Alappuzha tourist boat at Kollam Ferry Terminal

The Kollam-Alappuzha route is the longest service operated by KSWTD within Kerala.Amritapuri, Tharayilkadavu, Alumkadavu, Kovilthottam, Chavara, Pallikkodi & Kavanad.


Kollam KSWTD Ferry Terminal

* Kollam KSRTC Bus Station
  * Kollam Junction railway station
  * Andamukkam City Bus Stand
  * Kollam Port
  * Kerala State Water Transport Department
  * Cutchery
  * Asramam Link Road
  * Kochi Water Metro
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kollam KSWTD Ferry Terminal.


Humboldt station (Saskatchewan)

For other stations named Humboldt, see Humboldt#Transportation.

The Humboldt station is a former railway station in Humboldt, Saskatchewan. It was built by the Canadian Northern Railway along the Winnipeg to Edmonton mainline. The 1+1⁄2-story, wood-frame, railway station was completed in 1905.Via Rail railliner served the station in 1980.

  * List of designated heritage railway stations of Canada

52°11′51″N 105°07′30″W / 52.1975°N 105.1250°W


Hatsuinu

Hatsuinu (初犬, lit. "First Dog") is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Inu about a series of short hentai stories but "The Strange Kind of Woman" story continues throughout the three volumes. Issuisya has released the 22 chapters of the manga into three bound volumes between April 22, 2006 and July 11, 2008. The manga was adapted into two original video animation series, named Hatsuinu The Animation and Hatsuinu 2 The Animation - Strange Kind of Womans ~again~, respectively.

Plot

While on a train during Tokyo rush hour, high school student Fukaya Mamoru finds himself crushed against his classmate, the silent Fujino Shion (藤乃紫音). Unknown to Mamoru, Fujino has a vibrator in her vagina, which increased its intensity when Mamoru pushed himself against her. Unable to turn off the vibrator discreetly, Fujino endures the train ride while requesting Mamoru to satisfy her sexual cravings, to which he complies. After they get off the train, Fujino gives Mamoru a remote control for her vibrator as a thank you gift. After the incident, Fujino meets Mamoru to satisfy her sexual needs.


Hatsuinu

Not impressed by Mamoru's libido, she runs off and meets Mita Yuki, a girl who has a crush on Mamoru. Mita gives Fujino a potion that she says will improve Fujino and Mamoru's sex life warning her not to drink it. Curious about the contents of the potion while also thinking about Mamoru's well-being should it be poisoned or contaminated, Fujino drinks it. The potion increases Fujino's sexual desire. In an attempt to rid herself off the effects of the potion, Fujino takes Mamoru into a school bathroom and tells him to repeatedly have sex with her (Fujino's plea for sexual relief is the first and only time when she verbally speaks to him). He does so until she faints. Mamoru takes Fujino to the school nurse. He meets Mita in the hallway and questions her about why Fujino would be so sexually active. In response, Mita feeds him the potion via a kiss. With his libido increased, he takes Mita home, where she forces herself on him. Meanwhile, Fujino wakes up at the nurse's office and wants to know where Mamoru is. The nurse tells her that she last saw him with Mita. Fearing for Mamoru, she runs to his house to find Mita and Mamoru having sex. Disgusted, Fujino runs out of the house, with Mamoru chasing after her. Mamaru explains the situation to her, and they have makeup sex in an alleyway.

One day after getting caught in a fight between Fujino and Mita, Mamoru falls down on his head, causing memory loss. Mita takes advantage of the situation and calls herself his girlfriend. He has sex with both of them and is still confused as to which girl is his girlfriend. Later, a teacher who broke the school doctor's heart when she was a student returns and offers Mita a love potion to best Fujino and win Mamoru ... and the price is only Mita's body!

Media

Manga


Hatsuinu

Media

Manga

Hatsuinu is written and illustrated by Inu. Issuisya released the 23 chapters of the manga into three tankōbon volumes between April 22, 2006 and July 11, 2008.kanzenban edition called Strange Kind of Woman (ストレンジ・カインドオブウーマン). This version only includes the Strange Kind of Woman stories, i.e. it is missing chapters 1 and 5–9 from volume 1 of Hatsuinu.Eros Comix released an English version of the kanzenban edition as A Strange Kind of Woman, with translations by Toren Smith and Studio Proteus. The first volume was published on November 29, 2011 and the second was released on September 2, 2014.

OVAs

Hatsuinu The Animation (初犬 The Animation) was released as two original video animation episodes on their individual DVDs by Pink Pineapple between March 25, 2007 and July 27, 2007.vibrator more than him even though they have passionate sex. To solve the problem, Mamoru takes Shion to a swimming pool, where she cannot use her vibrator. However, Fujino is revealed to have a waterproof vibrator with her.

The sequel, Hatsuinu 2 The Animation - Strange Kind of Womans ~again~ (初犬 2 The Animation ストレンジ・カインド オブ ウーマンズ ～again～) is another two-episode original video animation. Pink Pineapple released the OVAs on separate DVDs between September 26, 2008 and December 26, 2008.

  * Official Hatsuinu OVA website (in Japanese)
  * Official Hatsuinu 2 OVA website (in Japanese)
  * Hatsuinu (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
  * Hatsuinu (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia


Circumesophageal nerve ring

A diagram of a hypothetical ancestral mollusc with its nerve ring shown on the left side of the image

A circumesophageal or circumpharyngeal nerve ring is an arrangement of nerve ganglia around the esophagus/ pharynx of an animal. It is a common feature of nematodes, molluscs, and many other invertebrate animals, though it is absent in all vertebrate animals and is not structurally possible in simpler ones such as water bears.

The nerve ring, also called a nerve collar, creates a complete and closed loop around the food-entry parts of the animal's anatomy. In a typical molluscan arrangement, these include the cerebral, pedal, and pleural ganglia, with the esophagus passing through the center of the ring. In nematodes, the ring consists of only two to four large associative cells connected to two paired lateral ganglia, two ventral ganglia, and a single unpaired dorsal ganglion.

Among arthropods, the usual arrangement is a single ganglion (the cerebral) positioned above the esophagus, a single ganglion or nerve mass (the subesophageal) below it, and commissures connecting the two in a ring.

Among the gastropods, the evolutionary torsion event which relocates the anus to near the head of the animal and allowing it to withdraw into its shell has relocated the commissure of the pleural ganglia into a "twist" (the right ganglion has relocated to the left side, and the left ganglion to the right).


Geometric cryptography

Geometric cryptography is an area of cryptology where messages and ciphertexts are represented by geometric quantities such as angles or intervals and where computations are performed by ruler and compass constructions.Ronald L. Rivest and Adi Shamir in 1996.quantum computing.

A geometric one-way function

Some of the geometric cryptographic methods are based on the impossibility of trisecting an angle using ruler and compass. Given an arbitrary angle, there is a straightforward ruler and compass construction for finding the triple of the given angle. But there is no ruler and compass construction for finding the angle which is exact one-third of an arbitrary angle. Hence the function which assigns the triple of an angle to a given angle can be thought of as a one-way function, the only constructions allowed being ruler and compass constructions.

A geometric identification protocol

A geometric identification protocol has been suggested based on the one-way function indicated above.

Assume that Alice wishes to establish a means of proving her identity later to Bob.

Initialization: Alice publishes a copy of an angle YA which is constructed by Alice as the triple of an angle XA she has constructed at random. Because trisecting an angle is impossible Alice is confident that she is the only one who knows XA.

Identification Protocol:

 1. Alice gives Bob a copy of an angle R which she has constructed as the triple of an angle K that she has selected at random.
 2. Bob flips a coin and tells Alice the result.
 3. If Bob says "heads" Alice gives Bob a copy of the angle K and Bob checks that 3*K = R.
 4. If Bob says "tails" Alice gives Bob a copy of the angle L = K + XA and Bob checks that 3*L = R + YA.

The four steps are repeated t times independently. Bob accepts Alice's proof of identity only if all t checks are successful.

This protocol is an interactive proof of knowledge of the angle XA (the identity of Alice) with error 2−t. The protocol is also zero-knowledge.

  * Post-quantum cryptography


Ceratina nanula

Ceratina nanula is a species of small carpenter bee in the family Apidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

  * Ascher, J.S.; Pickering, J. (2019). "Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)"


Emigration Canyon

Emigration Canyon is the name of two canyons in the American mountain west:

  * Emigration Canyon, Idaho
  * Emigration Canyon, Utah


Burtons, Nova Scotia

[Burtons, Nova Scotia is located in Nova Scotia]
[Burtons, Nova Scotia]
class=notpageimage|
Burtons in Nova Scotia

Burtons is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in The Municipality of the District of East Hants in Hants County.

  * Burtons on Destination Nova Scotia

45°13′21.64″N 63°34′4.53″W / 45.2226778°N 63.5679250°W


Black and Blue (Quindlen novel)

Black and Blue is a 1998 novel by Anna Quindlen.Oprah's Book Club selection in April 1998.

Plot

For eighteen years, Fran Benedetto kept her secret. And hid her bruises. And stayed with Bobby because she wanted her son to have a father. And because, in spite of everything, she loved him. Then one night, when she saw the look on her ten-year-old son's face, Fran finally made a choice and ran for both their lives.

Now she is starting over in a city far from home, far from Bobby. And in this place she uses a name that isn't hers, and cradles her son in her arms, and tries to forget. For the woman who now calls herself Beth, every day is a chance to heal, to put together the pieces of her shattered self.

And despite the flawlessness of her escape, Fran Benedetto is certain of one thing: it is only a matter of time.

Adaptations

Film

Main article: Black and Blue (1999 film)

Black and Blue is a 1999 American made-for-TV movie. Based on the novel by Anna Quindlen directed by Paul Shapiro. After a woman's husband beats and abuses her, she and her son join the witness protection program and move away secretly.

Main article: Enough (film)

Enough is a 2002 American drama-thriller film directed by Michael Apted. It stars Jennifer Lopez as Slim, an abused wife who learns to fight back. Enough garnered generally negative reviews from film critics, although several aspects of the film including the actors’ performances were praised.


María Cecilia Rodríguez

María Cecilia Rodríguez (born September 12, 1967) is an Argentine public policy maker. She was Minister of Security of Argentina from 4 December 2013 to 10 December 2015, serving in the cabinet of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.

Biography

Rodríguez was born in Buenos Aires. She enrolled at the Universidad del Salvador, a Jesuit university in Buenos Aires, in 1985 and graduated with a degree in political science in 1990. She entered public service in 1991 as an electoral history researcher at the National General Archives, later serving as an assistant in the Ministries of Education (1992) and the Interior (1993). She taught history, economic, and sociology at the IAES college preparatory school (1991–92); and social policy at the Argentine National Gendarmerie Officers' School (1994–95) and the Catholic University of Salta from 2000 to 2002.

Rodríguez joined Argentina's White Helmets humanitarian assistance organization as a project planning official in 1994. She contributed in this capacity to White Helmet missions in the Gaza Strip (youth sports); Honduras and Nicaragua (health crisis management in the aftermath of Hurricane Mitch); Bolivia (Chagas disease mitigation); Paraguay (family farming); and Argentina itself (flood relief).United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) in April of that year.United Nations Mission in Kosovo (2002), as well as disaster relief planning for the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in El Salvador (2001) and Panama (2005).

She returned to the Ministry of Social Development in 2006 as a specialist in emergencies, reaching the position of Technical Coordinator of Direct Social Assistance for the Secretariat of Territories in February 2009; she was promoted in March 2010 to National Director of Critical Care at the same undersecretariat. Rodríguez remained in that position until March 2012, when she was appointed Secretary of Citizen Participation for the Secretariat of Security by the newly appointed Security Secretary Sergio Berni. She was appointed Secretary of Military Emergency Assistance Coordination in May 2013, and in December of that year was nominated by President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner as Minister of Security.


María Cecilia Rodríguez

As Security Minister, Rodríguez refocused the nation's drug policy by prioritizing illegal drug trade abatement over suppressing possession as had been the case in Argentina for decades. She stated during her nomination process that "the war on drugs has failed at a global level"decriminalization of drug use in Argentina should be debated in the near future.


Judith (Vouet, Munich)

Judith is an oil-on-canvas painting by Simon Vouet, executed c. 1620–1625. It depicts Judith, the leading character of the Book of Judith, holding the severed head of king Holofernes. She is shown finely dressed, holding her sword with her right hand, and showing the head of Holofernes at her left.

The painting is held at the Alte Pinakothek in Munich.


Humboldt Transit Authority

Humboldt Transit Authority (HTA) operates several transit services in Humboldt County, California:

  * Redwood Transit System
  * Eureka Transit Service
  * Willow Creek Intercity
  * Arcata & Mad River Transit System
  * Blue Lake Rancheria Transit System
  * Paratransit/Dial-A-Ride
  * Humboldt Transit Authority


Hatsukari Station

Hatsukari Station (初狩駅, Hatsukari-eki) is a railway station of the Chūō Main Line, East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Hatsukari-Shimohatsukari, in the city of Ōtsuki, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. The station also has a freight terminal operated by the Japan Freight Railway Company.

Lines

Hatsukari Station is served by the Chūō Main Line, and is 93.9 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tokyo Station.

Station layout

The station consists of one ground level island platform, connected to the station building by a level crossing. The station is unattended.

Platforms

1     ■ Chūō Main Line  for Ōtsuki, Takao, Hachiōji and Tachikawa
2, 3  ■ Chūō Main Line  for Kōfu, Kami-Suwa and Matsumoto

Station history

Hatsukari Station was opened on July 9, 1908 as a signal stop on the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) Chūō Main Line. It was elevated to a full station for passenger and freight services on February 10, 1910. The JGR became the JNR (Japanese National Railways) after the end of World War II. The current station building was completed in October 1951. With the dissolution and privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control of the East Japan Railway Company. Automated turnstiles using the Suica IC Card system came into operation from October 16, 2004.

Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2012, the station was used by an average of 393 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

Surrounding area


Hatsukari Station

Surrounding area

  * former Hatsukari village hall
  * List of railway stations in Japan
  * Miyoshi Kozo. Chuo-sen Machi to eki Hyaku-niju nen. JT Publishing (2009) ISBN 453307698X (in Japanese)
  * JR全線全駅ステーション倶楽部編(上) [Complete JR Line/Station Compendium (Vol. 1)] (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Bunshun Bunko. September 1988. p. 145. ISBN 4-16-748701-2.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hatsukari Station.
  * JR East Hatsukari Station


Circumconic and inconic

In Euclidean geometry, a circumconic is a conic section that passes through the three vertices of a triangle,inconic is a conic section inscribed in the sides, possibly extended, of a triangle.

Suppose A, B, C are distinct non-collinear points, and let △ABC denote the triangle whose vertices are A, B, C. Following common practice, A denotes not only the vertex but also the angle ∠BAC at vertex A, and similarly for B and C as angles in △ABC. Let [{\displaystyle a=|BC|,b=|CA|,c=|AB|,}] the sidelengths of △ABC.

In trilinear coordinates, the general circumconic is the locus of a variable point [{\displaystyle X=x:y:z}] satisfying an equation

[{\displaystyle uyz+vzx+wxy=0,}]

for some point u : v : w. The isogonal conjugate of each point X on the circumconic, other than A, B, C, is a point on the line

[{\displaystyle ux+vy+wz=0.}]

This line meets the circumcircle of △ABC in 0,1, or 2 points according as the circumconic is an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola.

The general inconic is tangent to the three sidelines of △ABC and is given by the equation

[{\displaystyle u^{2}x^{2}+v^{2}y^{2}+w^{2}z^{2}-2vwyz-2wuzx-2uvxy=0.}]

Centers and tangent lines

Circumconic

The center of the general circumconic is the point

[{\displaystyle u(-au+bv+cw):v(au-bv+cw):w(au+bv-cw).}]

The lines tangent to the general circumconic at the vertices A, B, C are, respectively,


Circumconic and inconic

[{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}wv+vz&=0,\\uz+wx&=0,\\vx+uy&=0.\end{aligned}}}]

Inconic

The center of the general inconic is the point

[{\displaystyle cv+bw:aw+cu:bu+av.}]

The lines tangent to the general inconic are the sidelines of △ABC, given by the equations x = 0, y = 0, z = 0.

Other features

Circumconic

  * Each noncircular circumconic meets the circumcircle of △ABC in a point other than A, B, C, often called the fourth point of intersection, given by trilinear coordinates
[{\displaystyle (cx-az)(ay-bx):(ay-bx)(bz-cy):(bz-cy)(cx-az)}]
  * If [{\displaystyle P=p:q:r}] is a point on the general circumconic, then the line tangent to the conic at P is given by
[{\displaystyle (vr+wq)x+(wp+ur)y+(uq+vp)z=0.}]
  * The general circumconic reduces to a parabola if and only if
[{\displaystyle u^{2}a^{2}+v^{2}b^{2}+w^{2}c^{2}-2vwbc-2wuca-2uvab=0,}] and to a rectangular hyperbola if and only if [{\displaystyle u\cos A+v\cos B+w\cos C=0.}]
  * Of all triangles inscribed in a given ellipse, the centroid of the one with greatest area coincides with the center of the ellipse.Steiner circumellipse.

Inconic


Circumconic and inconic

* The general inconic reduces to a parabola if and only if
[{\displaystyle ubc+vca+wab=0,}] in which case it is tangent externally to one of the sides of the triangle and is tangent to the extensions of the other two sides.
  * Suppose that [{\displaystyle p_{1}:q_{1}:r_{1}}] and [{\displaystyle p_{2}:q_{2}:r_{2}}] are distinct points, and let
[{\displaystyle X=(p_{1}+p_{2}t):(q_{1}+q_{2}t):(r_{1}+r_{2}t).}] As the parameter t ranges through the real numbers, the locus of X is a line. Define [{\displaystyle X^{2}=(p_{1}+p_{2}t)^{2}:(q_{1}+q_{2}t)^{2}:(r_{1}+r_{2}t)^{2}.}] The locus of X2 is the inconic, necessarily an ellipse, given by the equation [{\displaystyle L^{4}x^{2}+M^{4}y^{2}+N^{4}z^{2}-2M^{2}N^{2}yz-2N^{2}L^{2}zx-2L^{2}M^{2}xy=0,}] where [{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}L&=q_{1}r_{2}-r_{1}q_{2},\\M&=r_{1}p_{2}-p_{1}r_{2},\\N&=p_{1}q_{2}-q_{1}p_{2}.\end{aligned}}}]


Circumconic and inconic

* A point in the interior of a triangle is the center of an inellipse of the triangle if and only if the point lies in the interior of the triangle whose vertices lie at the midpoints of the original triangle's sides.medial triangle, the inellipse with its center at that point is unique.
  * The inellipse with the largest area is the Steiner inellipse, also called the midpoint inellipse, with its center at the triangle's centroid.barycentric coordinates (α, β, γ) of the inellipse's center, is
[{\frac {{\text{Area of inellipse}}}{{\text{Area of triangle}}}}=\pi {\sqrt {(1-2\alpha )(1-2\beta )(1-2\gamma )}},] which is maximized by the centroid's barycentric coordinates α = β = γ = ⅓.
  * The lines connecting the tangency points of any inellipse of a triangle with the opposite vertices of the triangle are concurrent.


Circumconic and inconic

Extension to quadrilaterals

All the centers of inellipses of a given quadrilateral fall on the line segment connecting the midpoints of the diagonals of the quadrilateral.

Examples

  * Circumconics
      + Circumcircle, the unique circle that passes through a triangle's three vertices
      + Steiner circumellipse, the unique ellipse that passes through a triangle's three vertices and is centered at the triangle's centroid
      + Kiepert hyperbola, the unique conic which passes through a triangle's three vertices, its centroid, and its orthocenter
      + Jeřábek hyperbola, a rectangular hyperbola centered on a triangle's nine-point circle and passing through the triangle's three vertices as well as its circumcenter, orthocenter, and various other notable centers
      + Feuerbach hyperbola, a rectangular hyperbola that passes through a triangle's orthocenter, Nagel point, and various other notable points, and has center on the nine-point circle.
  * Inconics
      + Incircle, the unique circle that is internally tangent to a triangle's three sides
      + Steiner inellipse, the unique ellipse that is tangent to a triangle's three sides at their midpoints
      + Mandart inellipse, the unique ellipse tangent to a triangle's sides at the contact points of its excircles
      + Kiepert parabola
      + Yff parabola
  * Circumconic at MathWorld
  * Inconic at MathWorld


Geometric design of roads

The Autovía del Olivar which unites Úbeda with Estepa in Andalucia in southern Spain. A geometric design saved on construction costs and improved visibility with the intention to reduce the likelihood of traffic incidents

The geometric design of roads is the branch of highway engineering concerned with the positioning of the physical elements of the roadway according to standards and constraints. The basic objectives in geometric design are to optimize efficiency and safety while minimizing cost and environmental damage. Geometric design also affects an emerging fifth objective called "livability," which is defined as designing roads to foster broader community goals, including providing access to employment, schools, businesses and residences, accommodate a range of travel modes such as walking, bicycling, transit, and automobiles, and minimizing fuel use, emissions and environmental damage.

Geometric roadway design can be broken into three main parts: alignment, profile, and cross-section. Combined, they provide a three-dimensional layout for a roadway.

The alignment is the route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents and curves.

The profile is the vertical aspect of the road, including crest and sag curves, and the straight grade lines connecting them.

The cross section shows the position and number of vehicle and bicycle lanes and sidewalks, along with their cross slope or banking. Cross sections also show drainage features, pavement structure and other items outside the category of geometric design.

Design standards

Roads are designed in conjunction with design guidelines and standards. These are adopted by national and sub-national authorities (e.g., states, provinces, territories and municipalities). Design guidelines take into account speed, vehicle type, road grade (slope), view obstructions, and stopping distance. With proper application of guidelines, along with good engineering judgement, an engineer can design a roadway that is comfortable, safe, and appealing to the eye.

The primary US guidance is found in A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).Guide to Road Design Archived 2011-11-09 at the Wayback Machine, and the British Design Manual for Roads. An open source version of the green book is published online by The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) office in Zimbabwe.

Profile


Geometric design of roads

Profile

The profile of a road consists of road slopes, called grades, connected by parabolic vertical curves. Vertical curves are used to provide a gradual change from one road slope to another, so that vehicles may smoothly navigate grade changes as they travel.

Sag vertical curves are those that have a tangent slope at the end of the curve that is higher than that of the beginning of the curve. When driving on a road, a sag curve would appear as a valley, with the vehicle first going downhill before reaching the bottom of the curve and continuing uphill or level.

Crest vertical curves are those that have a tangent slope at the end of the curve that is lower than that of the beginning of the curve. When driving on a crest curve, the road appears as a hill, with the vehicle first going uphill before reaching the top of the curve and continuing downhill.

The profile also affects road drainage.

Symbols used

  * BVC = beginning of vertical curve
  * EVC = end of vertical curve
  * [g_{1}] = initial roadway grade, expressed in percent
  * [g_{2}] = final roadway grade, expressed in percent
  * A = absolute value of the difference in grades (initial minus final), expressed in percent
  * [h_{1}] = height of eye above roadway, measured in meters or feet
  * [h_{2}] = height of object above roadway, measured in meters or feet
  * L = curve length (along the x-axis)
  * PVI = point of vertical interception (intersection of initial and final grades)
  * S = headlight sight distance
  * Tangent elevation = elevation of a point along the initial tangent
  * x = horizontal distance from BVC
  * Y (offset) = vertical distance from the initial tangent to a point on the curve
  * Y′ = curve elevation = tangent elevation — offset

Sag curves

Sag vertical curves are curves which, when viewed from the side, are concave upwards. This includes vertical curves at valley bottoms, but it also includes locations where an uphill grade becomes steeper, or a downhill grade becomes less steep.


Geometric design of roads

The most important design criterion for these curves is headlight sight distance.S < L curve length is greater than the headlight sight distance, then this number can be used. If it is smaller, this value cannot be used. Similarly, if the S>L curve length is smaller than the headlight sight distance, then this number can be used. If it is larger, this value cannot be used.

Units          Sight distance < curve length (S < L)  Sight distance > curve length (S > L)
Metric         [L={\frac {AS^{2}}{120+3.5S}}]         [L=2S-{\frac {120+3.5S}{A}}]
(S in metres)
US customary   [L={\frac {AS^{2}}{400+3.5S}}]         [L=2S-{\frac {400+3.5S}{A}}]
(S in feet)

These equations assume that the headlights are 600 millimetres (2.0 ft) above the ground, and the headlight beam diverges 1 degree above the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

Crest curves

Crest vertical curves are curves which, when viewed from the side, are convex upwards. This includes vertical curves at hill crests, but it also includes locations where an uphill grade becomes less steep, or a downhill grade becomes steeper.

The most important design criterion for these curves is stopping sight distance.

sight distance > curve length (S > L)

[L=2S-{\frac {200({\sqrt {h_{1}}}+{\sqrt {h_{2}}})^{2}}{A}}]

sight distance < curve length (S < L)

[{\displaystyle L={\frac {AS^{2}}{200({\sqrt {h_{1}}}+{\sqrt {h_{2}}})^{2}}}}]


Geometric design of roads

US standards specify the height of the driver’s eye is defined as 1080 mm (3.5 ft) above the pavement, and the height of the object the driver needs to see as 600 mm (2.0 ft), which is equivalent to the taillight height of most passenger cars.

For bicycle facilities, the cyclist's eye height is assumed to be at 1.4 m (4.5 ft), and the object height is 0 inches, since a pavement defect can cause a cyclist to fall or lose control.

Alignment

Horizontal alignment in road design consists of straight sections of road, known as tangents, connected by circular horizontal curves.

Using AASHTO standards, an engineer works to design a road that is safe and comfortable. If a horizontal curve has a high speed and a small radius, an increased superelevation (bank) is needed in order to assure safety. If there is an object obstructing the view around a corner or curve, the engineer must work to ensure that drivers can see far enough to stop to avoid an accident or accelerate to join traffic.

Terminology

  * BC = beginning of curve
  * EC = end of curve
  * R = radius
  * PC = point of curvature (point at which the curve begins)
  * PT = point of tangent (point at which the curve ends)
  * PI = point of intersection (point at which the two tangents intersect)
  * T = tangent length
  * C = long chord length (straight line between PC and PT)
  * L = curve length
  * M = middle ordinate, now known as HSO – horizontal sightline offset (distance from sight-obstructing object to the middle of the outside lane)
  * E = external distance
  * [f_{s}] = coefficient of side friction
  * u = vehicle speed
  * [\Delta ] = deflection angle

Geometry


Geometric design of roads

Geometry

[T=R\tan \left({\frac {\Delta }{2}}\right)] [C=2R\sin \left({\frac {\Delta }{2}}\right)] [L=R\pi {\frac {\Delta }{180}}] [M = R\left(1-\cos\left(\frac {\Delta}{2}\right)\right)] [E = R\left(\frac {1}{\cos\left(\frac {\Delta}{2}\right)}-1\right)]

Curve sight distance

[{\displaystyle M=R\left(1-\cos \left({\frac {28.65{\text{?}}}{R}}\right)\right)}]

Cross section

A typical cross-section drawing of a roadway.

The cross section of a roadway can be considered a representation of what one would see if an excavator dug a trench across a roadway, showing the number of lanes, their widths and cross slopes, as well as the presence or absence of shoulders, curbs, sidewalks, drains, ditches, and other roadway features. The cross-sectional shape of a road surface, in particular in connection to its role in managing runoff, is called "crown".

Lane width

The selection of lane width affects the safety, maximum capacity, and cost, of a highway.

Safety is best at a width of 3.0 to 3.1 metres (9.8 to 10.2 ft) in urban settings, where both narrow (less than 2.8 metres (9 ft 2 in)) and wide (over 3.1 metres (10 ft)) lanes have higher crash risks. Lanes wider than 3.3~3.4m (10.8-11.2 ft)) are also associated with 33% higher impact speeds and more severe collisions, as well as higher crash rates.


Geometric design of roads

Carrying capacity is also optimal at a width of 3.0 to 3.1 metres (9.8 to 10.2 ft), both for motor traffic and for bicycles.18 miles per hour (29 km/h); as lane width decreases to 3.0 to 3.1 metres (9.8 to 10.2 ft), traffic speed diminishes, and so does the interval between vehicles.

Pedestrian volume also increases as lanes narrow, and intersections with narrower lanes provide higher capacity for bicycles.

Narrow lanes typically cost less to build and maintain.runoff.

Lane widths in Northern America are typically greater than optimum, ranging from 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 3.6 metres (12 ft). Wider lanes and shoulders are usually used on roads with higher speed and higher volume traffic, and with significant numbers of trucks and other large vehicles.

Cross slope

See also: Cant (road/rail)

Steeper cants or cambers are common on residential streets, allowing water to drain into the gutter

Cross slope describes the slope of a roadway perpendicular to the centerline. If a road were completely level, water would drain off it very slowly. This would create problems with hydroplaning, and ice accumulation in cold weather.

In tangent (straight) sections, the road surface cross slope is commonly 1—2% to enable water to drain from the roadway. Cross slopes of this size, especially when applied in both directions of travel with a crown point along the centerline of a roadway are commonly referred to as "normal crown" and are generally unnoticeable to traveling motorists.

In curved sections, the outside edge of the road is superelevated above the centerline. Since the road is sloped down toward the inside of the curve, gravity draws the vehicle toward the inside of the curve. This causes a greater proportion of centripetal force to supplant the tyre friction that would otherwise be needed to negotiate the curve.


Geometric design of roads

Superelevation slopes of 4 to 10% are applied in order to aid motorists in safely traversing these sections, while maintaining vehicle speed throughout the length of the curve. An upper bound of 12% was chosen to meet the demands of construction and maintenance practices, as well as to limit the difficulty of driving a steeply cross-sloped curve at low speeds. In areas that receive significant snow and ice, most agencies use a maximum cross slope of 6 to 8%. While steeper cross slope makes it difficult to traverse the slope at low speed when the surface is icy, and when accelerating from zero with warm tyres on the ice, lower cross slope increases the risk of loss-of-control at high speeds, especially when the surface is icy. Since the consequence of high speed skidding is much worse than that of sliding inward at a low speed, sharp curves have the benefit of greater net safety when designers select up to 8% superelevation, instead of 4%.

The equation for the desired radius of a curve, shown below, takes into account the factors of speed and superelevation (e). This equation can be algebraically rearranged to obtain desired rate of superelevation, using input of the roadway's designated speed and curve radius.

[R = \frac {u^2} {15(e+f_s)}]

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation officials (AASHTO) provides a table from which desired superelevation rates can be interpolated, based on the designated speed and radius of a curved section of roadway. This table can also be found in many state roadway design guides and manuals in the U.S.

Recent research has shown that, considering rollover risk for heavy vehicles (semitrailers & buses), which have a relatively high centre-of-gravity, the above equation yields cross slope values which are too low.

Safety effects of road geometry

The geometry of a road influences its safety performance. While studies of contributing factors to road accidents show that human factors predominate, roadway factors are the second most common category, with vehicle factors last.

Design consistency


Geometric design of roads

Design consistency

Collisions tend to be more frequent in locations where a sudden change in road character violates the driver's expectations. A common example is a sharp curve at the end of a long tangent section of road. The concept of design consistency addresses this by comparing adjacent road segments and identifying sites with changes the driver might find sudden or unexpected. Locations with large changes in the predicted operating speed are likely to benefit from additional design effort. A horizontal curve with a significantly smaller radius than those before it may need enhanced curve signs.design speed, which only sets a lower limit for geometric design. In the example given above, a long tangent followed by a sharp curve would be acceptable if a 30 mph design speed was chosen. Design consistency analysis would flag the decrease in operating speed at the curve.

Safety effects of alignment

The safety of a horizontal curve is affected by the length of the curve, the curve radius, whether spiral transition curves are used, and the superelevation of the roadway. For a given curve deflection, crashes are more likely on curves with a smaller radius. Spiral transitions decrease crashes, and insufficient superelevation increases crashes.

A safety performance function to model curve performance on two-lane roads is:

[{\displaystyle AMF={\frac {1.55L_{c}+{\frac {80.2}{R}}-0.012S}{1.55L_{c}}}}]

where

AMF = Accident modification factor, a multiplier that describes how many more crashes are likely to occur on the curve compared to a straight road Lc = Length of the horizontal curve in miles. R = Radius of the curve in feet. S = 1 if spiral transition curves are present = 0 if spiral transition curves are absent

Safety effects of cross section

Cross slope and lane width affect the safety performance of a road.

Certain types of crashes, termed "lane departure crashes", are more likely on roads with narrow lanes. These include run-off-road collisions, sideswipes, and head-on collisions. For two-lane rural roads carrying over 2000 vehicles per day, the expected increase in crashes is:


Geometric design of roads

Lane width       Expected increase in crashes
12 feet (3.7 m)  0%
11 feet (3.4 m)  5%
10 feet (3.0 m)  30%
9 feet (2.7 m)   50%

The effect of lane width is reduced on urban and suburban roads

Insufficient superelevation will also result in an increase in crash rate. The expected increase is shown below:

Superelevation deficiency  Expected increase in crashes
Cars                       Heavy trucks
<0.01                      0%                            < 5%
0.02                       6%                            10%
0.03                       9%                            15%
0.04                       12%                           20%
0.05                       15%                           25%

Sight distance

Sight Distance, by Type

Road geometry affects the sight distance available to the driver. Sight distance, in the context of road design, is defined as "the length of roadway ahead visible to the driver."[1] Sight distance is how far a road user (usually a vehicle driver) can see before the line of sight is blocked by a hill crest, or an obstacle on the inside of a horizontal curve or intersection. Insufficient sight distance can adversely affect the safety or operations of a roadway or intersection.

The sight distance needed for a given situation is the distance travelled during the two phases of a driving maneuver: perception-reaction time (PRT), and maneuver time (MT). Perception-reaction time is the time it takes for a road user to realize that a reaction is needed to a road condition, decided what maneuver is appropriate, and start the maneuver. Maneuver time is the time it takes to complete the maneuver. The distance driven during perception-reaction time and maneuver time is the sight distance needed.

During highway design and traffic safety investigations, highway engineers compare the available sight distance to how much sight distance is needed for the situation. Depending on the situation, one of three types of sight distances will be used:

Stopping sight distance

Main article: Stopping sight distance


Geometric design of roads

Stopping sight distance

Main article: Stopping sight distance

Stopping sight distance is the distance traveled during perception-reaction time (while the vehicle driver perceives a situation requiring a stop, realizes that stopping is necessary, and applies the brake), and maneuver time (while the driver decelerates and comes to a stop). Actual stopping distances are also affected by road conditions, the mass of the car, the incline of the road, and numerous other factors. For design, a conservative distance is needed to allow a vehicle traveling at design speed to stop before reaching a stationary object in its path. Typically the design sight distance allows a below-average driver to stop in time to avoid a collision.

Decision sight distance

Decision sight distance is used when drivers must make decisions more complex than stop or don't stop. It is longer than stopping sight distance to allow for the distance traveled while making a more complex decision. The decision sight distance is "distance required for a driver to detect an unexpected or otherwise difficult-to-perceive information source or hazard in a roadway environment that may be visually cluttered, recognize the hazard or its threat potential, select an appropriate speed and path, and initiate and complete the required maneuver safely and efficiently".

Intersection sight distance

Intersection sight distance is the sight distance needed to safely proceed through an intersection. The distance needed depends on the type of traffic control at the intersection (uncontrolled, yield sign, stop sign or signal), and the maneuver (left turn, right turn, or proceeding straight). All-way stop intersections need the least, and uncontrolled intersections require the most. Intersection sight distance is a key factor in whether no control or yield control can be safely used, or more restrictive control in needed.

Corner sight distance

Corner sight distance (CSD) is the road alignment specification which provides a substantially clear line of sight so that the driver of a vehicle, bicyclist or pedestrian waiting at the crossroad may safely anticipate the driver of an approaching vehicle. Corner sight provides an adequate time for the waiting user to either cross all lanes of through traffic, cross the near lanes and turn left, or turn right, without requiring through traffic to radically alter their speed.

Uncontrolled and yield controlled intersections


Geometric design of roads

Uncontrolled and yield controlled intersections

Uncontrolled and yield (give way) controlled intersections require large sight triangles clear of obstructions in order to operate safely. At uncontrolled intersections, the basic right-of-way rules apply (either yield to the vehicle on the right, or the boulevard rule, depending on the location). Vehicle drivers must be able to see traffic approaching on the intersecting road at a point where they can adjust their speed, or stop if need be, to yield to the other traffic before reaching the intersection. It isn't the only criterion for allowing these types of intersection control. Changing an intersection to stop control is a common response to poor safety performance.

Two-way stop control

When determining corner sight distance, a set back distance for the vehicle waiting at the crossroad must be assumed. Set back for the driver of the vehicle on the crossroad has been standardized by some state MUTCDs and design manuals to be up to a minimum of 10 feet plus the shoulder width of the major road but not less than 15 feet.[D_{CSD}], is equivalent to a specified time gap, [t_g], at the design speed, [V_{DS}], required for a stopped vehicle to turn right or left:

[D_{CSD}=V_{DS}t_g]

For passenger vehicles at two lane intersections, this time gap equivalence is commonly a distance 7.5 seconds away at the design speed. Longer gaps are required for trucks and buses, and for multilane roads.public right-of-way should include and maintain this line-of-sight.

All-way stop control and signalized intersections

Drivers at intersections with all-way stop control or traffic signals need the least sight distance. At all-way stops, drivers need to be able to see vehicles stopped at other approaches. At signals, drivers approaching the intersections need to see the signal heads. In jurisdictions that allow right turn on red, drivers in the right lane stop control need the same sight distance as two-way stop control. Although not needed during normal operations, additional sight distance should be provided for signal malfunctions and power outages.

Effects of insufficient sight distance


Geometric design of roads

Effects of insufficient sight distance

Many roads were created long before the current sight distance standards were adopted, and the financial burden on many jurisdictions would be formidable to: acquire and maintain additional right-of-way; redesign roadbeds on all of them; or implement future projects on rough terrain, or environmentally sensitive areas. In such cases, the bare minimum corner sight distance should be equal to the stopping sight distance.braking distance at the design speed should be afforded to the driver, he or she is still generally required to maintain such control and safe speed as to be able to stop within the assured clear distance ahead (ACDA),basic speed rule always applies. Jurisdictions often provide some level of design immunity against government claims actions, in such cases.

Warning signs are often used where sight distance is insufficient. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices requires Stop Ahead, Yield Ahead or Signal Ahead signs at intersections where the traffic control device is not visible from a distance equal to the stopping sight distance at speed of approaching traffic. Hill Blocks View signs can be used where crest vertical curves restrict sight distance.ordinary care regarding conditions readily apparent to a driver, without the prompting of a sign.functional classification.probability of spontaneous traffic increases proportionally to the density of access points, and this density should be readily apparent to a driver even when a specific access point is not.right-of-way.

  * Cognitive ergonomics
  * Degree of curvature
  * Design speed
  * Human factors
  * Road traffic safety
  * Stopping sight distance
  * Track geometry
  * Traffic psychology
  * Transition curve
  * Structural road design

Road standards setting bodies

  * American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
  * National Cooperative Highway Research Program
  * Transportation Research Board

Law reviews

  * "Liability of highway authorities arising out of motor vehicle accident allegedly caused by failure to erect or properly maintain traffic control device at intersection". American Law Reports—Annotated, 3rd Series. Vol. 34. The Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company; Bancroft-Whitney; West Group Annotation Company. p. 1008.
  * "Comment Note: Governmental Liability for Failure to Reduce Vegetation Obscuring View at Railroad Crossing or at Street or Highway Intersection". American Law Reports—Annotated, 6th Series. Vol. 50. The Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company; Bancroft-Whitney; West Group Annotation Company. p. 95.


Chayka Passage

Location of Trinity Island in the Antarctic Peninsula region.

Chayka Passage (Bulgarian: проток Чайка, ‘Protok Chayka’ \'pro-tok 'chay-ka\) is the 1 km long in south-north direction and 110 m wide passage between Spert Island and the southwest coast of Trinity Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. Its south entrance is situated just west of Bulnes Point. The vertical cliffs of Symplegades rise either side of the feature.

The passage is “named after the ocean fishing trawler Chayka of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas whose ships operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s. The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.”

Location

Chayka Passage is centred at 63°51′12″S 60°55′14″W / 63.85333°S 60.92056°W. British mapping in 1978.

Maps

  * British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 – W 63 60. Tolworth, UK, 1978.
  * Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
  * Chayka Passage. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
  * Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
  * Chayka Passage. Copernix satellite image

This article includes information from the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria which is used with permission.