Rüderswil

Rüderswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

History

Aerial view (1950)

Rüderswil is first mentioned in 1139 as Rüderswile.

The oldest trace of settlements in the area are three high medieval castles in the hills above the modern town. The knight Adalbert von Rüderswil was mentioned in 1146 though little is known about the local noble family. By the Late Middle Ages the Teutonic Knights were a major landholder in the Rüderswil Herrschaft. The village church was first mentioned in 1275. The current church tower was built in the second half of the 14th century and the late-Gothic choir was built in the 15th century. In 1528, Bern adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation and Rüderswil converted along with the rest of the canton.

Rüderswil and the surrounding villages remained completely rural and agrarian until the 18th century when the canvas weaving cottage industry developed. A cheese factory opened in Rüderswil in 1853, followed by a spinning mill in Schachen in 1869. In 1881 a railroad station opened in Rüderswil. The station and the Emmental valley road in 1899 brought industry to the settlement on the right bank of the river, while the left bank remained dominated by agriculture. By 2005 about 42% of jobs in the municipality were still in agriculture, while only 25% are in industry. In 2009 an attempt to merge Rüderswil and Lauperswil was rejected by voters in Lauperswil.

Geography

Rüderswil has an area of 17.21 km2 (6.64 sq mi). As of 2012, a total of 11.7 km2 (4.5 sq mi) or 68.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.07 km2 (1.57 sq mi) or 23.7% is forested. The rest of the municipality is 1.24 km2 (0.48 sq mi) or 7.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.17 km2 (0.066 sq mi) or 1.0% is either rivers or lakes.


Rüderswil

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 4.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.7%. A total of 21.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 29.1% is used for growing crops and 36.9% is pasturage, while 2.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located on a terrace above the left bank of the Emme River. It includes the village of Rüderswil, parts of the villages Schwanden im Emmental, Ranflüh and Zollbrück as well as scattered houses and hamlets on both sides of the Emme. In 1889 the Wittenbachviertel (Wittenbach quarter) went to Lauperswil and in 1894 Häleschwand went to Signau.

On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Signau, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Emmental.

Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess Argent and Gules overall a Lion rampant counterchanged.

Demographics

Rüderswil has a population (as of December 2020) of 2,373.As of 2012, 2.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Between the last 2 years (2010-2012) the population changed at a rate of -0.2%. Migration accounted for -2.4%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.0%.

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (2,216 or 98.1%) as their first language, Albanian is the second most common (22 or 1.0%) and French is the third (3 or 0.1%). There are 3 people who speak Italian and 2 people who speak Romansh.


Rüderswil

As of 2008, the population was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. The population was made up of 1,154 Swiss men (48.5% of the population) and 30 (1.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,181 Swiss women (49.6%) and 16 (0.7%) non-Swiss women.

As of 2012, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 23.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.9%.

As of 2000, there were 948 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,108 married individuals, 138 widows or widowers and 64 individuals who are divorced.

As of 2010, there were 275 households that consist of only one person and 80 households with five or more people.In 2000, a total of 838 apartments (90.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 65 apartments (7.0%) were seasonally occupied and 27 apartments (2.9%) were empty.As of 2012, the construction rate of new housing units was 0.4 new units per 1000 residents.in 2013, was 2.3%. In 2011, single family homes made up 35.4% of the total housing in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Economy

As of 2011, Rüderswil had an unemployment rate of 1.45%. As of 2011, there were a total of 814 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 252 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 91 businesses involved in this sector. 200 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 44 businesses in this sector. 362 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 88 businesses in this sector.


Rüderswil

In 2008 there were a total of 536 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 174, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 169 of which 99 or (58.6%) were in manufacturing and 70 (41.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 193. In the tertiary sector; 39 or 20.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 31 or 16.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 13 or 6.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 14 or 7.3% were in the information industry, 3 or 1.6% were the insurance or financial industry, 27 or 14.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 18 or 9.3% were in education and 27 or 14.0% were in health care.

In 2000, there were 231 workers who commuted into the municipality and 809 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.5 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 392 workers (62.9% of the 623 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Rüderswil.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Rüderswil making 150,000 CHF was 12.4%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.2%.

In 2009 there were a total of 982 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 240 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 14 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 271, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Rüderswil was 105,098 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

In 2011 a total of 2.8% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.

Sights

The entire village of Rüderswil, the village of Ranflüh (including Lützelflüh and Rüderswil) and the hamlet of Ried are designated as parts of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.


Rüderswil

Politics

In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 42.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (21.6%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (9.8%) and the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU) (4.7%). In the federal election, a total of 843 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 44.1%.

Religion

From the 2000 census, 1,925 or 85.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 66 or 2.9% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 3 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.13% of the population), and there were 100 individuals (or about 4.43% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 45 (or about 1.99% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 55 (or about 2.44% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 62 individuals (or about 2.75% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education

In Rüderswil about 55.4% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 15.3% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.


Rüderswil

During the 2012-13 school year, there were a total of 230 students attending classes in Rüderswil. There were a total of 38 students in the German language kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality's primary school had 141 students in German language classes. Of the primary students, 0.7% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 0.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, the lower secondary school had a total of 51 students. There were 2.0% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 2.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

As of 2000, there were a total of 237 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 190 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 47 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 128 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Notable residents

  * Niklaus Leuenberger, (c. 1615 – 27 August 1653) a leader of the Swiss peasant war of 1653 was born in Rüderswil. A statue was erected in Rüderswil in 1903 on the 250th Anniversary of his death.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rüderswil.
  * Rüderswil in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.


St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church (Lagro, Indiana)

The Oratory of St. Patrick, also known as St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church located at Lagro, Wabash County, Indiana. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

History

Jesuit Missionaries, on their way from Montreal, Canada, to Vincennes, visited Lagro as early as 1800. The missionary, Father Stephen Badin, stopped here, in 1833, on his way from Fort Wayne to Logansport. Irish immigrants came to the area to work on construction of Wabash and Erie Canal, 1834-1837. Many bought land and stayed as permanent residents.

Rev. John Ryan, was pastor of St. Patrick's from 1848 to 1865. Mission stations were Huntington, Wabash, Warsaw and Pierceton, where Mass was offered in private homes. The church bell was obtained during the tenure of Father Ryan. It was brought by ox cart from Buffalo. It hangs in the present church. Rev. George Steiner was pastor from 1866 until 1868. Steiner bought a frame house for $200, and opened in it the first parochial school, with Julia Cannon, the teacher. After completion of the new church, the parish school was relocated to the old frame building, staffed by the Sisters of St. Francis of Lafayette.

Present church

The present church was built by Rev. Matthew E. Campion between 1870 and 1873. Bishop John Henry Luers laid the cornerstone on June 15, 1870. The oratory is classified as "an inactive parish".

Architecture

It is a rectangular, Victorian Gothic style brick church. It has a gable roof and features a square bell tower, five tall pointed arched windows, and a half-octagonal apse flanked by lower, half-hipped sacristies.

St Patrick, (Lagro)

Rev. John Grogan, pastor from 1873 until 1882, placed oak pews in the church, a communion railing of black walnut, a handsome pulpit, and a walnut stairway to the gallery, carved by the parishioners. Grogan also had the church frescoed.

The pipe organ is an 1800 Erben,

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.


It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church (Lagro, Indiana).


Petros Kyritsis

Petros Kyritsis (born 15 October 1953) is a Cypriot sports shooter. He competed in the mixed skeet event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.


List of business schools in the Nordic countries

The following is a list of business schools in the Nordic countries:

Denmark

  * Aalborg University (Aalborg Universitet) – Aalborg
  * Aarhus School of Business (Handelshøjskolen i Århus) – Aarhus
  * Copenhagen Business School (Handelshøjskolen) – Copenhagen
  * University of Southern Denmark (Syddansk Universitet) – Odense

Finland

  * Aalto University, School of Business
  * Hanken School of Economics (Svenska handelshögskolan) – Helsinki and Vaasa
  * Helsinki School of Economics (Helsingin kauppakorkeakoulu) – Helsinki
  * Lappeenranta University of Technology School of Business (Lappeenranan teknillisen yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu) – Lappeenranta
  * Oulu Business School University of Oulu (Oulun yliopisto) – Oulu (AACSB–accredited school)
  * Turku School of Economics (Turun kauppakorkeakoulu) – Turku
  * University of Tampere School of Management (Tampereen yliopiston Johtamiskorkeakoulu) – Tampere
  * University of Vaasa Vaasa School of Economics (Vaasan yliopisto) – Vaasa
  * Åbo Akademi University Åbo Akademi School of Business and Economics (Handelshögskolan vid Åbo Akademi) - Turku
  * University of Jyväskylä School of Business and Economics (Jyväskylän Kauppakorkeakoulu) - Jyväskylä (AACSB - accredited school)

Iceland

  * Bifröst University (Háskólinn á Bifröst) – Borgarnes
  * Reykjavik University (Háskólinn í Reykjavík) – Reykjavík
  * University of Akureyri (Háskólinn á Akureyri) – Akureyri
  * University of Iceland (Háskóli Íslands) – Reykjavík

Norway


Norway

  * BI Norwegian Business School (Handelshøyskolen BI) – Headquarters in Oslo, five other locations throughout Norway
  * Bodø Graduate School of Business (Handelshøyskolen i Bodø), part of Bodø University College
  * Hauge School of Management (NLA Høgskolen Staffeldsgate), Oslo
  * Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (Norges Handelshøyskole), Bergen
  * Norwegian University of Life Sciences (Universitetet for Miljø– og Biovitenskap), Ås
  * Trondheim Business School (Trondheim Økonomiske Høgskole), part of Sør–Trøndelag University College
  * University of Agder Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences (School of Management) (Universitetet i Agder) – headquartered in Kristiansand
  * University of Stavanger (UiS Business School) (Universitetet i Stavanger – UiS)
  * University of Tromsø Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics (School of Business and Economics) (UiT Norges Arktiske Universitet), Tromsø

Sweden

  * Jönköping International Business School (Internationella Handelshögskolan) – Jönköping
  * Karlstad Business School (Karlstad universitet) – Karlstad
  * School of Business and Economics at the Linnaeus University (Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet) – Kalmar and Växjö
  * Lund School of Economics and Management (Ekonomihögskolan i Lund) – Lund
  * School of Business, Economics and Law at the University of Gothenburg (Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs universitet) – Gothenburg
  * Stockholm Business School (Stockholms universitet) – Stockholm
  * Stockholm School of Economics (Handelshögskolan i Stockholm) – Stockholm
  * Umeå School of Business (Handelshögskolan i Umeå) – Umeå


P. Ramalingom

P. Ramalingom (February 1916 – 27 July 2006) was an Indian politician and leader of Communist Party of India (CPI). He represented Adoor constituency in 3rd Kerala Legislative Assembly elected in the 1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election.

Political career

Ramalingam joined the Travancore State Congress in 1939 and joined the Communist Party of India in 1941. Member of AITUC the State Council. He has also served as a State Council Member of CPI, Plantation Corporation Board Member, Kencos Chairman, Ezhamkulam Grama Panchayat President, Kunnathoor Plantation Workers Union Founding President and Central Wage Board for Rubber Industry member.

He died on 27 July 2006.


Market participant

The term market participant is another term for economic agent, an actor and more specifically a decision maker in a model of some aspect of the economy. For example, buyers and sellers are two common types of agents in partial equilibrium models of a single market. The term market participant is also used in United States constitutional law to describe a U.S. State which is acting as a producer or supplier of a marketable good or service.

US constitutional law

When a state is acting in such a role, it may permissibly discriminate against non-residents. This principle was established by the United States Supreme Court in Reeves, Inc. v. Stake, 447 U.S. 429 (1980), in which the Court upheld South Dakota's right to give South Dakota residents preferential treatment in the purchase of cement produced at a cement plant owned and operated by the state.

"Nothing in the purposes animating the Commerce Clause prohibits a State, in the absence of congressional action, from participating in the market and exercising the right to favor its own citizens over others." Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp., 426 U.S. 794 (1976).

In Reeves, 447 U.S. 429 (1980), the Court relied upon "the long recognized right of trader or manufacturer, engaged in an entirely private business, freely to exercise his own independent discretion as to parties with whom he will deal."

"There are some limits on a state or local government's ability to impose restrictions that reach beyond the immediate parties with which the government transacts business." White v. Massachusetts Council of Construction Employers, Inc., 460 U.S. 204 (1983).

"The limit on the Market Participant Exception is that it allows a State to impose burdens on commerce within the market in which it is a participant but allows it to go no further. The State may not impose conditions, whether by statute, regulation, or contract, that have a substantial regulatory effect outside of that particular market." South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke, 467 U.S. 82 (1984). "Downstream restrictions have a greater regulatory effect than do limitations on the immediate transaction. The State may not avail itself of the market-participant doctrine to immunize its downstream regulation of a market it is not actually a participant." Id.


Market participant

The most ubiquitous example of a service offered by the individual states is the operation of public universities. Because the provision of higher education is deemed not to be a fundamental right, the individual states that have universities may charge higher tuition to out-of-state students.

By contrast, discriminatory practices in the provision of essential public services, such as welfare, police protection, and primary education,Privileges and Immunities Clause, and discriminatory practices when the state is acting as regulator rather than market participant would violate the dormant commerce clause.

Investing

Main articles: Financial market participants and Securities market participants (United States)

In finance, market participants are traders or investors who buy and sell securities or commodities in a structured market.

  * Economic agent


The Procussions

The Procussions are an American hip hop group based in Los Angeles, California, consisting of rapper Mr. J. Medeiros and rapper-producer Stro Elliot (Stro the 89th Key) and rapper Resonant. Known for their eclectic production, socially conscious lyricism, and dynamic live show, the group recorded two albums – one with the reborn Rawkus Records – and an EP before disbanding in 2008 to pursue solo efforts. The group reformed in 2012, funding a new recording via Indiegogo. The resulting self-titled album was released on September 24, 2013.

Career

1998–2002

The Procussions were formed in Colorado Springs, Colorado in 1998 when two competing b-boy crews – SOL and TSF – decided to combine forces. The group began with five members: Mr. J. Medeiros, Stro (the 89th Key) Elliot, Rez (originally Resonant), Vise Versa and Qq (pronounced 'Q'). The group became a quartet two years later when Qq stepped down after his collapse on stage at their first Denver show led to a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The group continued to perform throughout Colorado, opening for acts such as Run DMC, The Pharcyde, and Common, and released two 12-inch singles,""All That It Takes" and "Leave Her Alone", which gained distribution through ABB Records. "All That It Takes" reached No. 9 on the College Music Journal hip hop charts, and cracked the top 10 and 20 charts with Urban Networks and Insomniac, while "Leave Her Alone" reached No. 4 on the Rap Attack DJ charts.

Based on this momentum, Mr J convinced the group to relocate from Colorado Springs to Los Angeles in an attempt to make their music a full-time career.Deux Process.

2003–2007

As Iron Sharpens Iron

Once in Los Angeles, The Procussions independently released their first album, As Iron Sharpens Iron, through Bassmentalism Records on October 28, 2003.

Up All Night


The Procussions

Up All Night

In early 2004, The Procussions entered the studio with producer-engineer Jason Skills of The Sound Providers, recording an 8-hour overnight jam session that featured Stro on drums and Rhodes piano, and spoken word and freestyle rhymes from Rez and Mr J.Up All Night, which saw exclusive release in Japan on September 20, 2004.

5 Sparrows For 2 Cents

In 2006, the group recorded their second full-length, 5 Sparrows For 2 Cents, featuring production from Stro and art direction by Rez. After discussions with several record labels, they became the first band to sign with the newly resurrected Rawkus Records.5 Sparrows served as Rawkus' first post-reboot release, hitting stores on May 30, 2006,Billboard Heatseekers chart.

Touring

As their albums gained attention, The Procussions worked to expand their fan base and reputation with constant touring throughout the US, Canada, Japan, Australia, and Europe. They became known for high-energy shows which incorporated live drums and DJ Vajra on turntables.The Roots, Sound Tribe Sector 9, and Talib Kweli.5 Sparrows For Two Cents, The Procussions embarked on The Storm Tour with Aceyalone, Ugly Duckling, ¡Mayday! and Wrekonize, playing 40 cities in six months. They also returned to Europe for a series of festival dates.Ali Shaheed Muhammad of A Tribe Called Quest, who had been following their career and wanted to have them join Tribe on 2K Sports' 2006 Bounce Tour.Rhymefest.

While touring France in 2004, The Procussions connected with French hip hop group Hocus Pocus, beginning a longstanding relationship which has seen continued collaboration between the two groups. The Procussions have featured on two tracks with Hocus Pocus, "Hip Hop?" (from their 2005 release, 73 Touches), and "Vocab!" (from their gold-selling 2007 album, Place 54). Mr J. and Stro also featured on their 2010 release, 16 Pièces, contributing to the tracks "Signes de Temps" and "I Wanna Know." 20Syl from Hocus Pocus has featured on and remixed a track for Mr J's solo work, and guests on the track "Phantasm" from The Procussions' 2013 eponymous release.


The Procussions

2007–2008

In 2007, The Procussions took a break to allow members to pursue solo interests. During this period, Mr J. released his solo debut, Of Gods and Girls, on Rawkus on July 24, 2007, and Rez left the group to pursue his interests in graphic design, web design, and photography.

2009–2012

In the years that followed, Mr. J. actively pursued a solo career, forming his own label, De Medeiros, in 2009. That year he released an EP, The Art of Broken Glass, featuring production from Boonie Mayfield, and his second album, Friends Enemies Apples Apples, with production from Stro Elliot.Saudade, which he co-produced with Stro Elliot and Luke Atencio as "The Stare".Pale Blue Dot, which included a remix of the title track by 20Syl of Hocus Pocus featuring Canadian rapper Shad, for which Mr J. received a 2013 International Portuguese Music Award.Rational). The singles were produced by Stro and later collected as The Rockies EP.

Aside from his collaborations with Mr J., Stro continued working as an independent producer, providing beats to artists such as Raashan Ahmad, Sareem (Sharlok) Poems,One Block Radius, Wrekonize,Phonte,Stro's Old Beat Farm, a collection of 18 hip hop instrumentals composed from 2004 to 2011.Lessons.

2012-2014

In 2012, after several offers from promoters and requests from friends, family and fans, Mr J. and Stro reunited as The Procussions for a show in Colorado.Indiegogo campaign to raise the needed funds. The campaign raised nearly double its intended goal,The Procussions EP on limited edition vinyl and by digital download.Shad, ¡Mayday!, 20Syl (of Hocus Pocus), and Italian trumpeter J. Kyle Gregory. The album saw public release in Europe via Yotanka on September 16, 2013,

2015 -

Mr. J. Medeiros formed an Electronic Hip Hop group with 20Syl called AllttA and is also working as lead vocalist/songwriter in Punk-Rap group KNIVES.


The Procussions

Stro Elliot is releasing solo material and also working with a number of artists/projects including The Roots, The Hamilton Mixtape, J. Period, and Jazzy Jeff.

Discography

Studio albums

Title                   Album details
As Iron Sharpens Iron     * Release date: October 28, 2003
                          * Label: Basementalism
5 Sparrows for 2 Cents    * Release date: May 30, 2006
                          * Label: Rawkus
The Procussions           * Release date: September 23, 2013
                          * Label: Procussions

EPs

Title               EP Details
Up All Night          * Release date: September 20, 2004
                      * Label: Miclife
The Procussions EP    * Release date: April 24, 2013
                      * Label: Procussions

Singles

Year                 Single             Album
2002                 "Leave Her Alone"  As Iron Sharpens Iron
"All That It Takes"
2004                 "Celebration"
2006                 "The Storm"        5 Sparrows for 2 Cents
"Miss January"
2013                 "Today"            The Procussions
"The Fringe"
"On A Mountain"

In other media

The Procussions have had their music included in TV, film, and video games. In 2006, their song "Little People" was included on the soundtrack for the film American Gun.Blue Mountain State (misidentified as "Sounds of the T.V." and "The War").2K Sports' College Hoops 2K7,Facebreaker.Miami Ink, speaking about The Procussions and his song "Constance", and receiving an upper back tattoo reading "Forgive Us".


Saul Rose

Saul Rose (born 1973) is an English folk melodeon player and singer.

Biography

Born in Harrow, he first picked up the melodeon after breaking his leg at the age of eleven and was taught his first tunes by his father.

After entering the BBC Radio 2 Young Tradition Award in 1991 (which he didn't win) he gained some exposure. Through that, he was invited to join the ceilidh band Phungus as cover for the main melodeon player Paul Nye who had been unwell. This line-up has evolved into Random which plays folk festivals and has recorded two albums.

In early 1994 he met Eliza Carthy, and with Nancy Kerr, they formed the Kings of Calicutt. Subsequently, he joined Waterson–Carthy. He toured extensively with both bands and eventually formed a successful duo with Eliza Carthy.

With Dan Plews, Rose formed Dansaul. More recently Rose has joined Faustus and Whapweasel, played in Ruth Notman's band, and re-launched his duo with hammered dulcimer player and fellow Kings of Calicutt member Maclaine Colston. In the summer of 2009, he joined Jim Moray's regular band.

In 2009 Rose was nominated for the 2010 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards in the category Musician of the Year, but lost out to fellow squeezebox player John Kirkpatrick.

In 2011 Rose took the part of the Songman in the West End play War Horse playing and singing as well as some acting roles.

Discography


Saul Rose

Discography

  * Kings of Calicutt: Evolving Tradition 1 (Mrs. Casey)
  * Kings of Calicutt: Evolving Tradition 2 (Mrs. Casey)
  * Eliza Carthy and Nancy Kerr: Shape of Scrape (Mrs. Casey)
  * Waterson–Carthy: Common Tongue (Topic Records)
  * Waterson–Carthy: Broken Ground (Topic Records)
  * Eliza Carthy and the Kings of Calicutt (Topic Records)
  * Dansaul: Foot and Mouth (All our own work)
  * Eliza Carthy: Rice (Topic Records)
  * Random: Deviation (Wildgoose)
  * Laurel Swift: Beam (NECTA Arts)
  * Random: Toadstone (Wildgoose)
  * Whapweasel: Colour (Whapmusic)
  * Faustus: Faustus (Navigator)
  * Maclaine Colston and Saul Rose: Sand & Soil (Get Real)
  * James Delarre and Saul Rose: Cabin Fever (Infuse)
  * Whapweasel: Festivalis (Whapmusic) 2012
  * Faustus: Broken Down Gentlemen (Navigator)
  * Faustus: Death and Other Animals (West Park Music)
  * Official website


Sokkate (disambiguation)

Sokkate was a Burmese royal title.

It may mean:

  * Sokkate: King of Pagan (r. 1038−44)
  * Sokkate of Toungoo: Governor of Toungoo (r. 1379/80−83/84)
  * Sokkate of Prome: Governor of Prome (r. 1413)


Nyaunggon, Homalin

Nyaunggon is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma.

  * Maplandia World Gazetteer


Sandeid

This article is about the village in Vindafjord, Norway. For the former municipality in Rogaland, Norway, see Sandeid (municipality).

Sandeid is a village in Vindafjord municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located at the head of the Sandeidfjorden, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northwest of the village of Vikedal and about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) south of the village of Ølensjøen. The 0.63-square-kilometre (160-acre) village has a population (2019) of 664 and a population density of 1,054 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,730/sq mi).

Sandeid has a slaughterhouse, sand pits, and a cement factory. Sandeid Church is also located in the village.

History

The village was the administrative centre for many years. It was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Sandeid from 1923 until 1965 when Sandeid was merged into Vindafjord municipality. The village was then the administrative centre of the municipality of Vindafjord from 1965 until 2006. In 2006, the municipality of Ølen was merged with Vindafjord. Since 2006, the administrative centre of Vindafjord has been the village of Ølensjøen in what was previously Ølen municipality.


St. Patrick: The Irish Legend

St. Patrick: The Irish Legend is a 2000 television historical drama film about the life of Saint Patrick (AD 387–463) who was born in Wales and who brought Christianity to Ireland.

Cast

  * Patrick Bergin as Saint Patrick
  * Malcolm McDowell as Quentin
  * Alan Bates as Calpornius, Patrick's father
  * Susannah York as Concessa, Patrick's mother
  * List of historical drama films
Wikiquote has quotations related to St. Patrick: The Irish Legend.
  * St. Patrick: The Irish Legend at IMDb
  * St. Patrick: The Irish Legend at the TCM Movie Database


Pieter Baan Centre

The former Pieter Baan Centre in Utrecht

The Pieter Baan Centre (Pieter Baan Centrum) is a forensic psychiatric observation clinic in Almere, Netherlands, operated by the Ministry of Security and Justice, where suspects of crimes in the Netherlands are observed to ascertain whether they can be held wholly responsible for their suspected crimes. When suspects are found guilty, but performed their crimes while suffering from some sort of psychiatric or psychological disorder, they may be applicable for involuntary commitment (in Dutch terbeschikkingstelling or TBS), which means To be held at disposal. This is a special measure for crimes which are committed under psychologically abnormal circumstances. The purpose is to treat the perpetrator rather than to punish them and to work towards their reintegration into society. The TBS measure is usually enacted after about one third to half of the prison sentence has been served, thought this practice is now (as of medio 2010) under review. The duration of TBS terms are decided upon by the treatment staff in concordance with the Ministry of Justice and can last decades. For this reason perpetrators not always cooperate with the observations of the Pieter Baan Centre.

The clinic has been part of the Netherlands Institute for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology (NIFP) since 2007.

  * (in Dutch) NIFP
  * (in English) Ministry of Justice


Sant Quirze del Vallès

Sant Quirze del Vallès is a town located in the comarca of the Vallès Occidental, province of Barcelona, Catalonia.

It is located about 12 miles away from the capital city, Barcelona. Sant Quirze is a residential town populated by approximately 20,000 people with a density of 1.432,27 hab/km², and has grown since the end of the 1990s onwards. It shares borders with Sabadell, Rubí, Terrassa and Sant Cugat, among others, which are important towns within the Barcelona area, since they form Catalonia's most important industrial area and probably also Spain's.

Sant Quirze del Vallès is located near the mountain range of the Serra dels Galliners. It has direct access to C58 highway to Barcelona, among others like C58 Manresa and AP7 highway to Girona, Tarragona and Lleida.

History

Sant Quirze was constituted as a municipality in 1848, as a segregation of Terrassa. Therefore, in the 13th century it was known as Sant Quirze de Terrassa (Sant Quirze of Terrassa) and in the 15th century it was denominated as Sant Quirze de Galliners, named after the mountain range called Galliners. In 1857, it was baptized with the name of San Quirico de Tarrasa, in a Spanish way, which was changed to Sant Quirze de la Serra and changed back again to the Spanish way after the war. In 1976 the name changed to Sant Quirze del Vallès, which was officiated in 1983 with the disagreement of some of the population.

Services

Sant Quirze owns many educational centres: Onze de Setembre, El Turonet, Purificació Salas, Pilarín Bayés, Taula Rodona, Lola Anglada, Sant Quirze high school, Salas i Xandri high school, Music municipal school and the Adults centre school.

  * Government data pages (in Catalan)


Zakhidenergo

Zakhidenergo (Ukrainian: «Західенерго») is a major electric and thermal energy producing companies in western Ukraine. The electricity generated by the company is supplied to Ukrainian consumers and exported to European countries. The company also includes Burshtyn TES, Ladyzhyn TES and Dobrotvirska TES, as well as service companies Galremenergo, Lvivenergospetsremont, Lvivenergoavtotrans, Zahidenergopostach.

Since July 1, 2002, Burshtyn TES has been operating on the island of Burshtyn TES, in the unified European energy system UCTE / CENTREL, providing coverage of the island's own consumption and transfer of 500 MW of power for export. The island, which forms the Burshtyn TES together with the adjacent network, covers an area of 27,000 km2 with a population of about 3 million people.

PJSC DTEK Zahidenergo is the fifth-largest energy generating company in Ukraine with an installed capacity of 4,707.5 MW, which is about 9% of the total electricity capacity of Ukraine. In terms of electricity production, PJSC DTEK Zahidenergo occupies one of the leading positions among thermal energy generating companies.

History

The beginning of large-scale development of electric power in Western Ukraine was the construction of Dobrotvirska TES. From 1951 to 1959, 25 MW, 50 MW, 100 MW and two 150 MW power units were put into operation at the station. The formation of Western Ukrainian energy took place as part of BEO Lvivenergo, which united TESs, regional enterprises of electric networks (with main and distribution networks), and energy repair enterprises. The main direction of development was to increase the unit capacity and improve the efficiency of equipment.

In 1962-1969 Burshtyn TES with 200 MW power units was put into operation.

Lvivenergo became the first company of the former USSR to build and operate a nuclear power plant – Rivne NPP, the first power unit of which was introduced in December 1979.


Zakhidenergo

OJSC "Zakhidenergo" was established in 1995, in accordance with the Presidential Decree of 04.04.95 № 282 "On structural adjustment in the power complex of Ukraine", on the basis of thermal power plants BEO "Lvivenergo" – Burshtyn and Dobrotvirska TES, as well as Ladyzhyn TES, which was a part of BEO "Vinnytsiaenergo". OJSC "Zahidenergo" has inherited the high technical level of BEO and the most qualified personnel.

Pursuant to the decision of the regular General Meeting of Shareholders held on March 22, 2011, Zakhidenergo Open Joint-Stock Company was renamed Zakhidenergo Public Joint-Stock Company.

Ownership

Rinat Akhmetov, who had a 25.06% stake in Zakidenergo, acquired an additional 45.103% stake in November 2011, inexpensively, through his holding DTEK.

Structure

  * Burshtyn TES
  * Dobrotvir TES
  * Ladyzhyn TES
  * Ministry of Fuel and Energy (Ukraine)


Market neutral

An investment strategy or portfolio is considered market-neutral if it seeks to avoid some form of market risk entirely, typically by hedging. To evaluate market neutrality requires specifying the risk to avoid. For example, convertible arbitrage attempts to fully hedge fluctuations in the price of the underlying common stock. A portfolio is truly market-neutral if it exhibits zero correlation with the unwanted source of risk.basis risk.

Equity-market-neutral

Equity-market-neutral is a hedge fund strategy that seeks to exploit investment opportunities unique to some specific group of stocks while maintaining a neutral exposure to broad groups of stocks defined, for example, by sector, industry, market capitalization, country, or region.

The strategy holds long/short equity positions, with long positions hedged with short positions in the same and related sectors so that the equity-market-neutral investor should be little affected by sector-wide events. These positions, in essence, a bet that the long positions will outperform their sectors (or the short positions will underperform) regardless of the strength of the sectors. Equity-market-neutral strategy occupies a distinct place in the hedge fund landscape by exhibiting one of the lowest correlations with other alternative strategies.

Evaluating the Hedge Fund Research index returns for 28 different strategies from January 2005 to April 2009 showed that equity-market-neutral strategy had the second-lowest correlation with any of the other strategies,

Examples of market-neutral strategies

  * Delta neutral
  * Pairs trade


The Problem of Pain

Not to be confused with Problem of evil.

The Problem of Pain is a 1940 book on the problem of evil by C. S. Lewis, in which Lewis argues that human pain, animal pain, and hell are not sufficient reasons to reject belief in a good and powerful God.

Lewis states that his writing is "not primarily arguing the truth of Christianity but describing its origin - a task ... necessary if we are to put the problem of pain in its right setting".suffering, and the problem of hell, and seeks to reconcile these with an omnipotent force beyond ourselves.

Summary

Introduction

Lewis starts with his former atheistic stance and paints in broad strokes the "problem of pain". He asks how, if the world is so bad, did humans ever attribute it to a benevolent deity? He then describes three attributes that all developed religions have and a fourth attribute peculiar to Christianity.

1) An experience with the Numinous (a sort of awe, dread, and a general sense of experiencing something otherworldly "uncanny").

2) An acknowledgement of morality.

3) The Numinous as guardian of the morality.

4) Actual historical events.

Divine Omnipotence

Lewis states the problem of pain again in a simpler way: "If God were good, He would wish to make His creatures perfectly happy, and if God were almighty, He would be able to do what he wished. But the creatures are not happy. Therefore, God lacks either goodness, or power, or both."

He discusses the nature of "impossible" with the conclusion that anything self-contradictory is not under the auspice of God’s omnipotence because they would be non-entities; anything is possible with God.


The Problem of Pain

Lewis then talks about the nature of nature/matter. Because there are things outside an individual and God, things cannot be configured to suit the individual perfectly. He also introduces the concept of Free Will and how that further inhibits everyone being pain-free all the time, although he does allow and say miracles do exist. Lewis postulates that maybe this world is not the 'best of all possible' universes but the only possible one. He acknowledges the objection that if God is good and he saw how much suffering it would produce why would he do it. Lewis doesn’t know how to answer that type of question and says that that is not his objective, but only to conceive how goodness (assured on other grounds) and suffering are without contradiction.

Divine Goodness

Lewis draws an analogy to compare our understanding of goodness to that of God’s. He says it differs like that of a child’s attempt at drawing a circle for the first time to that of a perfect circle. He goes on to say that people don’t want a good God or a Father but a "senile benevolence who likes to see the young people enjoying themselves". Love and kindness are not one and the same thing. Lewis then summarizes all the different kinds of loves and analogies in scripture that describe God’s relation to humans. Lewis says that the problem of pain is insoluble if we attach a "trivial meaning to the word ‘love’". God loves His goodness into us and our highest activity is response and not initiation; the love may cause us pain but only because the object needs alteration to become fully lovable.

Human Wickedness

Lewis starts off by asking why humans need so much alteration. Immediately he shares the Christian answer that humans have used free will to become very bad. He then talks about when Jesus and the apostles preached people understood a real consciousness deserving a divine anger, but in the 20th century people don’t believe they are "mortally ill". He blames misattributing kindness to ourselves and the effect of psychoanalysis on the public mind for driving out a healthy sense of shame from our collective minds.


The Problem of Pain

Lewis acknowledges the critique of what specific, individual harm have we done to God for God to be always angry. Lewis says that when a person feels real guilt, this critique falls away. "When we merely say that we are bad, the ‘wrath’ of God seems a barbarous doctrine; as soon as we perceive our badness, it appears inevitable, a mere corollary from God’s goodness."

He then goes on to add a few considerations "to make the reality less incredible".

1) We are deceived by looking on the outside of things: we should not mistake our inevitably limited utterances for a full account of the worst that is inside.

2) While there is a social conscious and corporate guilt, don’t let the idea distract you from your own "old-fashioned guilts" that have nothing to do with the ‘system’. Often, it’s an excuse for evading the real issue. Once we’ve learned of our individual corruption, we can go on to think about corporate guilt.

3) "We have a strange illusion that mere time cancels sin."

4) We must guard against the feeling that there is ‘safety in number’.

5) Different ages excelled in different virtues. Other times might have been more courageous or chaste but God was not content with them, so why should he be content with us.

6) All the virtues need to control one another, if not then the virtue which stands above others will tumble all into vice.

7) The Holiness of God is something more and other than moral perfection.

8) Don’t shift blame for human behavior to the Creator. While it is not possible to follow the moral law perfectly, "the ultimate problem must not be used as one more means of evasion". You could be as pious as the early Christians but many don’t intend it.

Lewis then says that he doesn’t believe in the doctrine of Total Depravity on logical and experiential grounds. Also, shame is of value, not as an emotion but for the insight that it provides. He shares how he notices that the holier a man is the more fully aware he is of his vileness.

The Fall of Man


The Problem of Pain

The Fall of Man

Lewis explains how the Christian answer to human wickedness is the doctrine of the Fall: "Man is now a horror to God and to himself and a creature ill-adapted to the universe not because God made him so but because he has made himself so by the abuse of his free will."

He details two "sub-Christian" theories which the doctrine of the Fall guards against: Monism and Dualism. The first saying God, being above good and evil, produces impartially the effects to which we call good and evil. The second saying there’s an equal and independent power that produces evil.

Lewis says that he doesn’t think the doctrine of the Fall answers whether it was better for God to create or not to create. Or if it is ‘just’ to punish individuals for the faults of their remote ancestors.

He then reviews the story from Genesis 3 and follows it with an argument saying that we cannot call our early ancestors more ‘savage’ than we are today. He gives a defense of civilizations past and says they were probably just as civilized like us but in different ways.

He concludes that science has nothing to say against the doctrine of the Fall, but acknowledges a more philosophical problem. That the idea of sin presupposes a law to sin against and the first man could not commit the first sin. Lewis points out though that the doctrine doesn’t say the sin was a social sin but a sin against God, an act of disobedience. Lewis says, "We must look for the great sin on a deeper and more timeless level than that of social morality."

Lewis shares how Saint Augustine called this sin Pride and all humans face it when they become aware of God as God and itself as self. He gives a few illustrations of this choice then paints a picture of what he guesses actually happened when Man fell.


The Problem of Pain

After his illustration, Lewis says, "the act of self-will on the part of the creature, which constitutes an utter falseness to its creaturely position, is the only sin that can be conceived as the Fall". God then began "ruling" Man not by the laws of the spirit but by the laws of nature. Therefore, the human spirit moved from being the master of human nature to become a mere lodger or prisoner in its own house. Lewis then says this condition was passed down biologically. He says that our present condition is because we are a part of a spoiled species, not that we’re suffering for the rebellion of remote ancestors.

Lewis says that his explanation is shallow for he has said nothing about the trees of life and knowledge of good and evil, and nothing about what the apostle Paul has said on the subject. He also uses an analogy to quantum physics in that when we try to draw illustrations we are moving further away from reality. He does use an example from the Old Testament to show how original sin might have been passed down if we take a more communal/societal view of things. He sums up the chapter by saying "man, as a species, spoiled himself, and that good, to us in our present state, must therefore mean primarily remedial or corrective good".

Human Pain

He says that pain is inherent in a world where souls meet and souls acting wickedly towards each other probably accounts for four-fifths of the World’s pain. And he says it’s a legitimate question to ask why humans are given permission to torture each other. He refines his previous statement that the people can only experience remedial good and says it’s an incomplete answer. He classifies pain into two senses: 1) a physical sensation and 2) any experience, physical or mental, that person dislikes.


The Problem of Pain

He says that the proper aim of any creature is to self-surrender – to offer back the will which we claim as our own, and this necessity is a daily occurrence which is inherently painful. He says this process is made easier through pain itself because 1) people would not surrender if all was well, so pain is recognizable and unmasked evil; "every man knows something is wrong when he is being hurt". 2) Pain shatters the illusion that we have enough for ourselves. 3) We know we’re acting for God’s sake if the material action of our choice is painful or at least contrary to our inclinations.

For the first, Lewis says sadists and masochists are no different, they just isolate and exaggerate an aspect of normal pleasure. The sadists exaggerates the moment of union by saying "I am so much master that I even torment you" and the masochist exaggerates the complementary side by saying "I am so enthralled that I welcome even pain at your hands." If these people recognized pain for what it was, their habits would cease to provide a pleasurable stimulus.

To underline his point he says probably the most famous line from this book: "God whispers to us in our pleasures, speaks in our conscience, but shouts in our pain: it is His megaphone to rouse a deaf world."

He says that a recognition of this truth underlies the universal feeling that bad men ought to suffer – a sense of retribution. While some people want to do away with retribution, Lewis says that to do so would make all punishment unjust and any act to correct behavior would contradict itself. On another level, Lewis says that we experience a thirst for revenge. This passion though loses sight of the end in the means. He notes how biblical ancestors probably meant retribution when they spoke of God’s ‘vengeance’. Pain gives the only opportunity for bad men to amend.

Human Pain, Continued

In this chapter Lewis discusses six propositions that are not connected but need saying for a complete view of human pain:

1) "There is a paradox about tribulation in Christianity."

2) "If tribulation is a necessary element in redemption we must anticipate that it will never cease till God sees the world to be either redeemed or no further redeemable."


The Problem of Pain

3) The Christian doctrine of self-surrender and obedience is purely theological and not political.

4) "We are never safe, but we have plenty of fun, and some ecstasy… Our Father refreshes us on the journey with some pleasant inns but will not encourage us to mistake them for home."

5) "We must never make the problem of pain worse than it is by vague talk about ‘unimaginable sum of human misery’."

6) Of all evils, pain is only sterilized or disinfected evil. Is this about perspective? Lewis distinguishes between pain and evil.

Hell

Lewis restates that allowing free will means that some people will choose rebellion and not all will be saved. He says that there was no other doctrine that he wished he could remove more, that it has the support of scripture, Jesus Christ himself, and reason. While some overdo it and tragedies have come from espousing the doctrine, Christians preach it because it is a terrible possibility and its horrors are worse.

Lewis then states the real problem: "so much mercy, yet still there is Hell". He first says that the doctrine is not tolerable but it is moral. Then lays out the ordinary objections and his responses to them.

1) Many people, Lewis says, object to retributive punishment. He reminds readers of a previous chapter of how he showed a core of righteousness in punishment/pain and how it could lead to repentance. But what if the punishment didn’t lead there? He asks the reader if they could really allow a wicked person to go forever into eternity happy and thinking they had the last laugh? If a person wouldn’t allow that, then is that feeling their own wickedness or spite? Or does it reveal the conflict between Justice and Mercy? He quotes Aquinas and Aristotle who says that suffering and shame, respectively, are not good in and of themselves but as a means to an end. He finishes his response to this objection by saying "to condone an evil is simply to ignore it, to treat it as if it were good".


The Problem of Pain

Before going to the next objection Lewis references Christ’s words about Hell. In addition to Hell being like a sentence given at a tribunal, Christ says that men prefer darkness to light and that men choose Hell as a final act of cutting themselves off from all things that are not themselves.

2) The second objection Lewis responds to is the disproportion between eternal damnation and transitory sin: if hell is for eternity then it as a punishment far outweighs anything we could do on earth. Lewis responds by first saying that the idea of eternity as a mere prolongation of time is uncertain and offers his metaphor for what eternity might really look like. He also says that a finality of judgment must come some time and omniscience would know when.

3) A third objection is the "fruitful intensity of the pains of hell" as depicted famously in medieval art and passages of scripture. Lewis says destruction implies the creation of something else, like ashes, gases, and heat after burning a log, so what if Hell is the ‘remains’ of souls? Then Lewis says, "What is cast (or casts itself) into hell is not a man: it is ‘remains’. To be a complete man means to have the passions obedient to the will and the will offered to God: to have been a man – to be an ex-man or ‘damned ghost’ – would presumably mean to consist of a will utterly centered in its self and passions utterly uncontrolled by the will." He then finishes off suggesting "hell is hell, not from its own point of view, but from the heavenly point of view".

4) The fourth objection he states is that no "charitable man" blessed in heaven could stay there while even one human soul was in hell, and if so would he be more merciful than God? Lewis says that this objection assumes that heaven and hell "co-exist in unilinear time" like the histories of two countries. Lewis points to Christ who emphasizes not the point of duration but that of finality. He says that we know more about heaven than we do of hell "for heaven is the home of humanity… It is in no sense parallel to heaven: it is ‘the darkness outside’, the outer rim where being fades away into nonentity".


The Problem of Pain

5) The final objection says that the ultimate loss of a single soul means the defeat of omnipotence. Lewis agrees that it does. He says that by creating beings with free will God submits to the possibility of such a defeat. Lewis calls this defeat a miracle, "for to make things which are not Itself and thus to become, in a sense, capable of being resisted by its own handiwork, is the most astonishing and unimaginable of all feats we attribute to a deity".

Lewis concludes the chapter by saying that all answers to objections of hell are themselves a question: "What are you asking God to do?" Whatever it is you would like God has already done. To forgive them? It is already done. To leave them alone? That is what He does. Also, Lewis reminds the reader that in discussing Hell we should not keep our friends and enemies before our eyes since both obscure reason, but to think of ourselves.

Animal Pain

Lewis turns his attention to another facet of the problem of pain, that of animal pain. He says the Christian explanation for human pain doesn’t work because so far as we can see animals are incapable of sin or virtue so they neither deserve pain nor are improved by it. It is not an unimportant question though since all "plausible grounds for questioning the goodness of God is very important indeed".

Lewis admits that whatever we say about animal pain is purely speculative. He says that we can deduce from the doctrine that God is good that the appearance of cruelty in the animal kingdom is an illusion. But everything after that is guesswork he says.


The Problem of Pain

He continues though by ruling out another speculation. He says that the ruthless biological competition has no moral importance: good and evil only appear with sentience. Lewis raises three questions: 1) why do animals suffer? 2) how did disease and pain enter the animal world? 3) how can animal suffering be reconciled with the justice of God? Although admitting that we don’t know the answer to the first question he still offers his guesses. He begins by distinguishing between types of animals then distinguishing between sentience and consciousness. He says that sentience is experiencing a "succession of perceptions" where consciousness sees the experiences a part of a larger whole. For example, a sentient being would have the experience of thing A then thing B then thing C where consciousness sees it as having the experience of ABC. He says humans are sentient but unconscious when they are sleepwalking.

Lewis allows that some higher form animals (like apes and elephants) might have a rudimentary individual self but says that their suffering might not be suffering in any real sense and humans might be projecting themselves onto the beasts.

Answering the second question, Lewis says that the Fall of Man could have brought about animal suffering. Animal nature could have also been corrupted prior to Adam by Satan because the "intrinsic evil of the animal world lies in the fact that some animals live by destroying each other". Lewis pontificates that Man might have been brought into the World to perform a redemptive function.

Lastly, Lewis responds to the question of justice and animal suffering by making somewhat of a joke. He says that if one wants to make room for animal immortality, although the scriptures are silent, then "a heaven for mosquitoes and a hell for men could very conveniently be combined". He goes on though to say that the objection of scripture’s silence would be fatal only if Christian revelation intended to be a system to answer all questions. Lewis says that "the curtain has been rent at one point, and at one point only, to reveal our immediate practical necessities and not to satisfy our intellectual curiosity".


The Problem of Pain

He says though, assuming that their selfhood is not an illusion, animals cannot be considered in and of themselves. "Man is to be understood only in his relation to God. The beasts are to be understood only in their relation to man and, through man, to God." Lewis then tries to correct the notion that many people have that the ‘real’ or ‘natural’ animal is the wild one while the tame animal is unnatural. Lewis says that Christians must believe that since they were given dominion over beasts that everything they do concerning them is either a lawful exercise or a sacrilegious abuse. So the tame animal is the only natural one and any real self it has is owed entirely to its master, and if the animal does have immortality it is through their master. Lewis admits that he’s only talking about a privileged case and not about wild animals or those ill-treated domestic ones.

Lewis says that Christians hesitate to suppose animal immorality for two reasons: 1) it would obscure the spiritual difference between beast and man and 2) it would be a clumsy assertion of Divine goodness.

He continues with further speculations before concluding the chapter saying, "I think the lion, when he has ceased to be dangerous, will still be awful: indeed, what we shall then first see that of which the present fangs and claws are a clumsy, and satanically perverted, imitation. There will still be something like the shaking of a golden mane: and often the good Duke will say, ‘Let him roar again.’"

Heaven

Lewis starts off the last chapter of the book by stating that not mentioning heaven is "leaving out almost the whole of one side of the account" and would not be a Christian one. He says that we don’t need to be afraid that heaven is a bribe because heaven offers us nothing that "a mercenary soul can desire", that the pure in heart will see God because they are the only ones who want to. "Love, by definition, seeks to enjoy its object" like a man wanting to marry the woman he loves.


The Problem of Pain

Lewis paints the picture that there’s a signature on each soul that we’re aware of but don’t have all the details about and that we can never really possess. He says heredity and environment might produce this signature but those are only the instruments by which God creates a soul. "The mold in which a key is made would be a strange thing, if you had never seen a key: and the key itself a strange thing if you had never seen a lock."

He continues to paint a beautiful illustration of heaven and how it would fit every real, human desire we ever had. How you, listener, will behold Him and not another. "God will look to every soul like its first love because He is its first love." He goes on "The world is like a picture with a golden background, and we the figures in that picture. Until you step off the plane of the picture into the large dimensions of death you cannot see the gold."

If this opinion is false, he says, then something better than his opinion is waiting. That heaven is "doubtless the continually successful, yet never complete, attempt by each soul to communicate its unique vision to all others (and that by means whereof earthly art and philosophy are but clumsy imitations) is also among the ends for which the individual was created. For union exists only between distincts." Lewis shows how this is even demonstrated in the Trinity: "The Father eternally begets the Son and the Holy Ghost proceeds: deity introduces distinction within itself so that the union of reciprocal loves may transcend mere arithmetical unity or self-identity."

Lewis furthers the illustration saying that the soul is a hollow that God continually fills in eternity followed by a constant emptying, self-dying, self-giving by the soul so as to become more truly itself. This self-sacrifice, Lewis says, is not something we can escape by remaining earthly or being saved. "What is outside this self-giving is simply and solely Hell". This "holy game" is a party led by God himself where he gives Himself eternally and receives Himself back in sacrifice.

He finishes by saying that "all pains and pleasures we have known on earth are early initiations in the movements of that dance… it does not exist for us, but we for it".

Appendix


The Problem of Pain

Appendix

Lewis takes this opportunity to color in some lines using some clinical experiences from a fellow Inkling – Dr. R. Havard. He talks about the effects of physical and mental pain, the latter of which Lewis says is the hardest to bear and less visible. He points out the phenomenon that many recognize and answer the challenge of pain and preserve their serenity and selflessness and sometimes produce brilliant work and sharpen their characters into tempered steel. He concludes the book by saying "Pain provides an opportunity for heroism; the opportunity is seized with surprising frequency."

Relation to other works

Lewis' philosophical approach in Problem of Pain bears some similarity to his later, more personal, approach to the problem of evil in A Grief Observed, a reflection on his own experiences of grief and anguish after the death of his wife.


The Problem of Pain

* Miracles by C.S. Lewis
  * A Grief Observed (book) by C.S. Lewis
  * Problem of evil
  * John Beversluis, C. S. Lewis and the Search for Rational Religion, rev. ed. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007. (Chapter 9 contains a detailed critical examination of Lewis's views on the problem of evil.)
  * Walter Hooper, C. S. Lewis: Companion and Guide. New York: HarperCollins, 1996: 293–302.
  * Michael L. Peterson, "C. S. Lewis on the Necessity of Gratuitous Evil," in David Baggett, Gary R. Habermas, and Jerry L. Walls, eds., C. S. Lewis as Philosopher: Truth, Goodness and Beauty. Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press, 2008: 175–92.
  * Arend Smilde, "Something tremendously real: How C. S. Lewis solved "the intellectual problem raised by suffering'", www.lewisiana.nl/christianthinker
  * Michael Ward, "On Suffering," in Robert MacSwain and Michael Ward, eds., The Cambridge Companion to C. S. Lewis. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010: 2013–210.
  * Erik J. Wielenberg, God and the Reach of Reason. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  * The Problem of Pain at Faded Page (Canada)
  * The Problem of Pain at Catholic Education
  * Quotations & Allusions in The Problem of Pain
  * The Problem of Pain (PDF, Canadian public domain text)


Saul Winstein

Saul Winstein (October 8, 1912 – November 23, 1969) was a Jewish Canadian chemist who discovered the Winstein reaction. He argued a non-classical cation was needed to explain the stability of the norbornyl cation.Herbert C. Brown over the existence of σ-delocalized carbocations. Winstein also first proposed the concept of an intimate ion pair.Grunwald–Winstein equation, concerning solvolysis rates.

Richard F. Heck, who earlier in his career had undertaken postgraduate studies with Winstein, won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

  * UCLA Biography
  * Saul Winstein UCLA


Sokhek

Sokhel is a village and former Village Development Committee that is now part of Dakshinkali Municipality in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,980 and had 684 households in it.


Zaczopki-Kolonia

Zaczopki-Kolonia [zaˈt͡ʂɔpkʲi kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rokitno, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.25 kilometres (16 mi) north-east of Biała Podlaska and 117 km (73 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.


Sandefur

Sandefur is a surname. It is the surname of:

  * Dirk Sandefur (born 1961), associate justice of the Montana Supreme Court
  * Duke Sandefur, screenwriter for Ghost Town (1988 film) and Atlas Shrugged: Part II
  * Kelly Sandefur, producer of American television series Family Matters
  * Mike Sandefur, owner of the Texas Star Ferris wheel
  * Randy Sandefur, head coach of Long Beach State 49ers men's volleyball for 1970–1974
  * Rebecca Sandefur, American sociologist
  * Thomas Sandefur, fictional character in The Insider (film)
  * Wayne Sandefur, Purdue football player drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1936


South Coast League

The South Coast League of Professional Baseball (SCL), based in Conyers, Georgia, was a professional, independent baseball organization located in the Southeastern United States. It operated in cities not served by Major or Minor League Baseball teams and was not affiliated with either. It folded after its first season in 2007.

History

The league was formed in October 2006. In a press release in October, league Chief Executive Officer Jamie Toole, a former Carolina League executive with a number of teams, cited the desire to field professional baseball teams in municipalities that lacked access to professional baseball; however, the Aiken Foxhounds and Anderson Joes were based in metropolitan areas with an existing team in the MiLB-affiliated Class A South Atlantic League (the Augusta GreenJackets and Greenville Drive, respectively).

The league's only season was documented by the TV show, "Playing for Peanuts."

On March 29, 2008, Sports Illustrated reported that league CEO Jamie Toole had resigned and the league had canceled the 2008 season.

2007 League standings

[South Coast League is located in the United States]
[Peanuts]
Peanuts
[Music]
Music
[Juice]
Juice
[Foxhounds]
Foxhounds
[Joes]
Joes
[Redfish]
Redfish
class=notpageimage|
The 2007 South Coast League had teams playing in six U.S. markets

First half

  * South Georgia Peanuts 33-11 (.750)
  * Macon Music 30-15 (.667)
  * Bradenton Juice 24-20 (.545)
  * Aiken Foxhounds 22-23 (.489)
  * Anderson Joes 13-32 (.289)
  * Charlotte County Redfish 12-33 (.267)

Second half

  * Macon Music 28-16 (.636)
  * South Georgia Peanuts 26-17 (.605)
  * Anderson Joes 24-20 (.545)
  * Bradenton Juice 23-22 (.511)
  * Aiken Foxhounds 18-23 (.439)
  * Charlotte County Redfish 10-31 (.244)
  * Macon, Georgia was announced as the first team of the league.
  * Wally Backman was the manager of the South Georgia Peanuts.
  * Official Website (web archive)


Pieter Bladelin

Painting commissioned by Bladelin from Rogier van der Weyden, showing the donor in the bottom right.

Pieter Bladelin (born Pieter de Leestemakere in or before 1408, Bruges - 8 April 1472) was an important financial advisor and civil servant to the Burgundian State. He was lord of Middelburg and built the Hof Bladelin in Bruges.

Life

Early life

He was the son of the crane-operator Pieter de Leestemakere (died 1433) and Elizabeth Hugheleins (died before 1418). His father worked as a crane-operator in Bruges, although the family was from Veurne. In 1430 Bladelin was recorded as the eleventh member of Bruges' city council and four years later he had risen to its fifth member. In or around 1435 he married Margaretha van de Vagheviere (1414, Bruges - 5 May 1476, Middelburg), daughter of Jan van de Vagheviere and Margareta de Vrient - the marriage proved childless. He built Hof Bladelin on Naaldenstraat in Bruges from 1435 onwards.

From 1436 to 1438 he was Bruges' city treasurer, but in 1436 he also acted as an intermediary between the city and Philip the Good after it revolted against the Duke. In 1438, towards the end of the revolt, he was granted gros briefs by the Duke and on 1 January 1441 he was recorded as his general recipient of finance. In 1444 he is recorded as the duchy's treasurer and governor of finance - he was now also on the Grote Raad as a financial advisor. In 1447 he was named the next treasurer of the Order of the Golden Fleece and took on the role four years later on the death of its previous holder, Guy de Guilbert.

Burgundy

Portrait of Bladelin on the altarpiece by van der Weiden


Pieter Bladelin

Portrait of Bladelin on the altarpiece by van der Weiden

The Duke often appointed him as a commissioner to chair committees on legal reform in the cities. He also maintained his diplomatic skills, mediating between the Duke and Ghent when it rebelled in 1452-1453 and between Bruges and Brugse Vrije. He was also sent to England and France on diplomatic business and became a major patron of the arts.

His sister Margareta (died 1449) was married to Colaard de Fever, who was from a family of wealthy money changers and royal officials and who bought properties and lands belonging to Middelburg Abbey in 1433, in an economically-important area on the road between Bruges and Aardenburg. Bladelin bought these from Colaard in 1440 and also expanded them by buying adjacent plots. In 1444 Philip the Good promoted Bladelin's lands into a lordship and Bladelin built a castle, which became his summer residence from 1450 onwards and appeared in the background of the 1460 triptych he commissioned from Rogier van der Weyden.

He also began construction on the new town of Middelburg in 1452, which was largely completed by 1465. He built it a collegiate church, dedicated in 1460, to which he donated a relic of the True Cross he had obtained from Wouter Utenhove, hoping to turn the church into a pilgrimage site. He also built the town a monastery, guesthouse, rampart and drainage canal to the LieveCharles the Bold, Margaret of York and Mary of Burgundy in the town for a few weeks in June 1470.

Death


Pieter Bladelin

Death

He was usually entitled a 'high and mighty lord', a title used only by members of the high nobility, but his lack of children meant he had nobody to pass his lordship onto. He was buried in front of the high altar in the church he had built in Middelburg, joined a few years later by his widow, who had been allowed to continue ruling the lordship by Charles the Bold. On her death Bladelin's will of 13 March 1472 came into effect, passing the estates in Middelburg to the descendants of Margareta and Colaard. Margareta had two daughters, Margaretha, who was married to Jan III de Baenst, and Elisabeth, who was married to Joos I van Varsenare. Joos I's son Joos II and Jan III could not agree how to divide the property and took the dispute to law.

However, the dispute became so desperate that immediately after the death of Margareta the elder they agreed to sell Middelburg to William Hugonet, chancellor of Burgundy. Nothing remains of the town of Middelburg except the church, which contains a copy of the van der Weiden altarpiece by Jan Ryckx - the original is now in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin. Baron Philippe de Merode later gave the church's relic to Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and his wife Isabella, who thanked him by making him Count of Middelburg. Isabella left it in her will to St Gudula, Brussels, which eventually sent a tiny sliver back to Middelburg. Hof Bladelin in Bruges was sold to the Florentine Medici family, who set up a branch there under the management of Tommaso Portinari and put in medallions showing family busts.


Pieter Bladelin

* (in Dutch) K. VERSCHELDE, Geschiedenis van Middelburg in Vlaanderen, Brugge, 1867.
  * (in Dutch) K. VERSCHELDE, Testament de Pierre Bladelin (...), in : Handelingen Genootschap voor geschiedenis te Brugge, 1879, blz.1-32
  * (in Dutch) G. MILIS-PROOST, Pieter Bladelin, in: Nationaal Biografisch Woordenboek, Deel 2, Brussel, 1966, col. 61-63.
  * (in Dutch) Gabrielle CLAEYS, Het Hof Bladelin te Brugge, Brugge, 1988
  * (in Dutch) M. MARTENS, Pieter Bladelin en Middelburg in Vlaanderen, Middelburg, 1994
  * (in Dutch) Jan DUMOLYN, De Brugse opstand van 1436-1438, Heule, 1997
  * (in Dutch) M. MARTENS, Nieuwe biografische gegevens over Pieter Bladelin, in: Jaarboek van de heemkundige kring Het Ambacht van Maldegem, 1999, blz. 244-250.
  * (in Dutch) Pieter A. DONCHE, De familie Bladelin in de kasselrij Veurne van 1230 tot de 16e eeuw, in: Vlaamse Stam, 2000, blz. 353-382
  * (in Dutch) Jan DUMOLYN, Het hogere personeel van de hertogen van Bourgondië in het graafschap Vlaanderen (1419-1477), doctoraatsverhandeling (onuitgegeven), Universiteit Gent, 2001
  * (in Dutch) Jan DUMOLYN, Staatsvorming en vorstelijke ambtenaren in het graafschap Vlaanderen (1419-1477), Antwerpen, 2003


Pieter Bladelin

* (in Dutch) M. MARTENS, Aanvullingen bij de biografie van Pieter Bladelin, in: Jaarboek van de heemkundige kringHet Ambacht van Maldegem, 2004.
  * (in Dutch) Pieter A. DONCHE, De familie Bladelin te Brugge, in: Vlaamse Stam, 2007, blz. 433-447.
  * W. DE CLERCK, Jan DUMOLYN & Jelle HAEMERS, "Vivre noblement": material culture and elite identity in Late Medieval Flanders. The case of Peter Bladelin and William Hugonet, in: Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 2007, blz. 1-31.
  * (in French) Jan DUMOLYN, Pouvoir d'État et enrichissement personnel: investissements et stratégies d'accumulation mis en oeuvre par les officiers des ducs de Bourgogne en Flandre, in: Le Moyen Age, 2008, blz. 67-92.
  * (in Dutch) Frederic BUYLAERT, Eeuwen van ambitie. De adel in laatmiddeleeuws Vlaanderen, Brussel, 2010
  * (in Dutch) Frederik BUYLAERT, Repertorium van de Vlaamse Adel, (ca. 1350-ca.1500), Gent, 2011
  * (in Dutch) Pieter A. DONCHE, Edelen, leenmannen en vorstelijk ambtenaren van Vlaanderen, 1464 - 1481 - 1495, uitg. Donche, 2012
  * (in Dutch) Jonas BRAEKEVELT, Pieter Bladelin, de Rijselse Rekenkamer en de stichting van Middelburg-in-Vlaanderen (ca. 1444-1472): de ambities van een opgeklommen hofambtenaar versus de bescherming van het vorstelijke domein, Brussel, 2012


Sant Quintí

Sant Quintí may refer to:

  * Sant Quintí de Mediona, Spain
  * Sant Quintí de Puig-Rodon, Spain


Zakharyan

Zakharyan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

  * Arsen Zakharyan (born 2003), Russian football player
  * Vanik Zakharyan (1936–2023), Armenian academic
  * Yervand Zakharyan (born 1946), Armenian politician


Market overhang

Market overhang

In marketing, overhanging the market relates to the business practice of announcing a new product or a new business strategy by a company in an adjacent space to the target. To be an overhang in this context, the following conditions must exist: the announcer is a market leader in the adjacent space; the new product is not ready for release at the time of the announcement; the market is new and standards are not yet clearly defined; and, the goal is to forestall competitor growth by encouraging customers to wait for the new product.

Recent examples of overhang

In June 1999 - Nortel declared a voice over IP strategy, while Cisco and its newly acquired Selcius Systems IP PBX were starting to gain traction.overhung the IP PBX market, announcing products 12 months or more before their availability.

In June 2006 - Microsoft entered the IP Telephony market with PowerPoint. Here the collection of products and related applications in adjacent markets combined with announcements of as-yet-not-available products, attempt to overhang the IP PBX market, slowing down the growth of the market, forcing the players to consider the implications and adjust, encouraging customers to think about what Microsoft can bring to the market, giving Microsoft engineering the time to catch up with product.

Effectiveness of Market Overhang

The empirical evidence suggests this technique is effective since it continues to be used as a marketing tactic by major players that are slower to respond to the high growth of adjacent markets that are rapidly emerging. As the high technology industry continues to consolidate, market overhang is likely to continue as a mechanism for marketers to 'shape' emerging segments.


Thomas Kerr Slack

Thomas Kerr Slack (February 19, 1875 – November 1, 1956) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Dufferin in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1919 to 1923 as a United Farmers member and from 1926 to 1934 as a Progressive member.

He was born in Melancthon Township, Dufferin County, Ontario, the son of Richard Slack, an immigrant from Ireland, and Elizabeth Silk. In 1905, he married Margaret Brown. Slack served as clerk for Melancthon township. He later moved to Orangeville.

  * Ontario Legislative Assembly parliamentary history
  * History of Dufferin County, S Sawden (1952)


Schallenberg (surname)

Schallenberg is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

  * Schallenberg family, Austrian noble family
      + Alexander Schallenberg (born 1969), Chancellor of Austria
      + Wolfgang Schallenberg (1930–2023), Austrian diplomat, father of Alexander
      + Herbert, Count of Schallenberg (1901–1974), Austrian diplomat, father of Wolfgang and grandfather of Alexander
  * Edmund Schallenberg (1913–1999), American handball player
  * Kolja Schallenberg (born 1984), German theatre director
  * Ron Schallenberg (born 1998), German professional footballer
  * Schallenberg Castle, ruined castle in Austria, namesake of the noble family
  * Schallenberg Pass, a mountain pass of Bern, Switzerland


Sokidara

Sokidara (Russian: Хисокидара; Tajik: Сокидара, Yaghnobi: Хисоки Дарв Khisoki Darv or Хисоки Даԝр Khisoki Dawr)Sughd Region, northwestern Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Anzob in the Ayni District. Its population was 0 in 2007.


Zad-Shahapur

Zad-Shahapur is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka, India.


Saloa Tauia

Saloa Tauia (? - February 2003) was a Tuvaluan politician who served as Speaker of Parliament from August 2002 until his death in February 2003.

Saloa Tauia had earlier served as the Chief of Police & Chief Immigration Officer.Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1990 for public service.

He was elected to Parliament in the July 2002 general election to represent Niutao.


South Coast 21

The South Coast 21 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Carl Alberg as a daysailer and first built in 1965.

The boat was later developed into the slightly longer, swing keel South Coast 22.

Production

The design was built by South Coast Seacraft in the United States, between 1965 and 1979, with 300 boats completed, but it is now out of production.

The boat was produced complete and ready-to-sail and also as a kit for amateur completion.

Design

The South Coast 21 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop with 206.30 sq ft (19.166 m2) of sail area or with an optional masthead sloop rig and 226.38 sq ft (21.031 m2) of sail area. The hull has a spooned, raked stem; a raised counter, angled transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 2,000 lb (907 kg) and carries 625 lb (283 kg) of ballast.

The boat has a draft of 3.00 ft (0.91 m) with the standard keel.

The boat is normally fitted with a small 3 to 6 hp (2 to 4 kW) outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The design has sleeping accommodation for two people, with two straight settee berths in the main cabin. There are no provisions or space for a galley or a head. Cabin headroom is 39 in (99 cm).

The design was changed during production to address issues that became apparent in service. Starting with hull number 91 the keel was moved aft to reduce weather helm. This did not entirely solve the issue and later the rudder was enlarged as well.

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 252 and a hull speed of 5.1 kn (9.4 km/h).

Operational history

The boat is supported by an active class club that organizes racing events, the South Coast Seacraft Owners' Association.


South Coast 21

In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "the classic low freeboard, narrow beam, and Star Boat-like underbody appeal to us as being a great combination for daysailing and club one-design racing. But somehow the SC21 never caught on in any big way on the club racing circuit. Too bad. Best features: We imagine the hull configuration gives a good combination of speed and comfort ... Worst features: There is not much space below, even for overnighting—basically a pair of settee berths with almost non-existent (3' 3") headroom, and that's it. No space for a galley or even to store a porta-potti. We'd worry slightly about that rudder tucked away under the counter. Does it have weed dragging us down? If so, we couldn't see it without hanging way over the side, and then only if the water was clear. Launching and retrieving at a ramp might give some trouble because of the relatively deep fin keel. The one cockpit drain is aft on the centerline, rather than the more preferable two drains in the corners, to remove water when the vessel is heeled. And the plan shows a flat cockpit sole; it should be angled downwind aft for drainage."

  * List of sailing boat types
  * Photo of a South Coast 21, showing the keel and rudder


Pieter Borsseler

The Chesterfield portrait, attributed to Borsseler, possibly the earliest aggrandized Portrait of Shakespeare.

Pieter Borsseler or Pieter Borselaer (1633/1634 Middelburg - in or after 1687, Middelburg) was a Dutch portrait painter who was prominent in England during the second half of the 17th century.

Borsseler was born in Middelburg. He was a student of Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert in Antwerp between 1651 and 1654. He eventually returned to Middelburg, but painted between 1665 and 1679 in England. In 1681 he is reported to be in The Hague and from 1684 and 1687 in Middelburg again.

Borsseler's earliest known dated work is from 1664, but his signature work was his painting of the antiquarian Sir William Dugdale (1665), which established his distinctive sober and melancholic style. Borsseler also painted the portraits of Dugdale's wife and of Orlando Bridgman that are at Dugdale's seat of Merevale Hall. Several paintings of the Hoby family are at Bisham Abbey, Buckinghamshire, most notably his sensitive picture of the elderly Mrs Peregrine Hoby.

Borsseler also painted the writer Samuel Butler, now in the National Portrait Gallery,William Shakespeare, which is based on the Chandos portrait.

Borsseler's style is closest to fellow Anglo-Dutch artist Gerard Soest, who coincidentally also painted Butler and a posthumous portrait of Shakespeare.


Sant Pol de Mar

Sant Pol de Mar (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsan ˈpɔl də ˈmaɾ]) is a municipality in the comarca of Maresme in Catalonia, Spain. It is located on the coast between Canet de Mar and Calella. The national highway N-II and a station on the RENFE railway line link Sant Pol de Mar to the rest of the coast, while a local road links the town with Arenys de Munt.

Twin towns

  * [Andorra] Andorra La Vella, Andorra

Sant Pol de Mar - view

  * Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). Guia de Catalunya, Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sant Pol de Mar.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Sant Pol de Mar.
  * Official website (in Catalan)
  * Government data pages (in Catalan)
  * Architectonical heritage in Sant Pol de Mar


Zakharyevka

Zakharyevka (Russian: Захарьевка) is a rural locality (a selo) in Nekrasovsky Selsoviet of Belogorsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 20 as of 2018.

Geography

Zakharyevka is located on the right bank of the Belaya River, 44 km south of Belogorsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nekrasovka is the nearest rural locality.


The Magnificent Tommy Flanagan

Professional ratings
Review scores
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AllMusic
The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings

The Magnificent Tommy Flanagan is an album by jazz pianist Tommy Flanagan, with bassist George Mraz, and drummer Al Foster. Flanagan was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist, for the album.

Recording and music

The album was recorded on June 2 and 3, 1981, in New York City.Thad Jones.

Track listing

 1. "Speak Low" (Ogden Nash, Kurt Weill)
 2. "Good Morning Heartache" (Ervin Drake, Dan Fisher, Irene Higginbotham)
 3. "I Fall in Love Too Easily" (Sammy Cahn, Jule Styne)
 4. "Just in Time" (Betty Comden)
 5. "Old Devil Moon" (E.Y. "Yip" Harburg, Burton Lane)
 6. "Ev'rything I Love" (Cole Porter)
 7. "Change Partners" (Irving Berlin)
 8. "Blueish Grey" (Thad Jones)

Personnel

  * Tommy Flanagan – piano
  * George Mraz – bass
  * Al Foster – drums


Thomas Kennedy of Bargany

Thomas Kennedy of Bargany (died 1597) was a Scottish courtier and landowner.

Life

Military career

Thomas Kennedy and his father fought for Regent Moray at the Battle of Langside on 13 May 1568.

Inheritance

In May 1585 Thomas Kennedy took possession of several properties in Ayr as heir to his father, in Sandgate and Woodgate, some of which his father had acquired in 1544.coronation of Anne of Denmark.Water of Girvan in Dailly parish in Ayrshire.

Legal issues

Bargany helped the Earl of Cassilis in an attempt to gain the lands of Crossraguel Abbey in August 1570. He brought the new owner Allan Stewart to the Earl at Maybole CastleDunure Castle and tortured him with fire until he signed a lease of the lands. Bargany, who was not at Dunure, realising he was implicated, sought legal help for Stewart then besieged Dunure and brought Stewart to Ayr where he revoked the lease.

In 1591 his brother-in-law, the lawyer Sir Patrick Vans of Barnbarroch, came to Ardstinchar Castle. They discussed his legal case with Sir John Seton of Barns. Seton was a kinsman of Bargany's wife, and he hoped to gain the return of lands of Lethmold, which had passed to Seton by the forfeit of the Earl of Douglas. Bargany employed another lawyer, George Mark, and wrote to Barnbarroch rehearsing his offer to Seton, and hoping he would "both effectuously and secretly" work in his favour.

Edinburgh riot, son forced to marry

Thomas Kennedy of Bargany took part in a riot in Edinburgh on 17 November 1596.Octavians'.James VI who arranged a marriage for his son that was to "the wreck of his house".

Death

He died in November 1597.

Family


Thomas Kennedy of Bargany

He died in November 1597.

Family

He was the son of Thomas Kennedy of Bargany and Margaret Campbell, a daughter of Hew Campbell of Loudon, Sheriff of Ayr. Thomas Kennedy married Isobel Stewart, a daughter of Andrew Stewart, 2nd Lord Ochiltree and Agnes Cunningham. He married secondly Agnes Montgomerie daughter of Hugh Montgomerie, 2nd Earl of Eglinton. Their children included:

  * Gilbert Kennedy of Bargany and Ardstinchar, who married his cousin Jean Stewart, a daughter of Andrew, Master of Ochiltree and Margaret Stewart, Mistress of Ochiltree. Jean Stewart was a maiden in the household of Anne of Denmark.


Schalkenbach

Schalkenbach is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.


Tepidibacillus decaturensis

Tepidibacillus decaturensis is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, rod-shaped and moderately thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Tepidibacillus which has been isolated from groundwater from the Mt. Simon Sandstone in Decatur in the United States.

  * Type strain of Tepidibacillus decaturensis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase


Zad Moultaka

Born in Lebanon in 1967 in the contemporary theatre world, Zad Moultaka is a composer and visual artist. He started playing the piano at the age of five and moved to Paris in 1984. In 1989, he won the First Prize at the Conservatoire National Superieur de Paris. In 1993, he abandoned his international career as an interpreter to devote himself to composition and visual art. Trained in the discipline of the western musical writing but linked naturally to his Mediterranean roots, Zad Moultaka creates his own musical language. Noticed by György Kurtág, his meeting with the composer was decisive in the statement of a progressive original and atypical writing. His works are interpreted and appreciated throughout the world; he receives the SACEM Prize, Claude Arrieu 2007 and the Critics' Prize, best musical creation in 2017, for his work UM sovereign engine of all things.

His several musical collaborations include 58th Venice Art Biennale, Van Harentz Foundation; Sveriges Radios Symfoniorkester, Stockholm; Deutsche Oper Berlin; Muziktheater Im Revier, Gelsenkirchen; Neue Vocal Solisten, Stuttgart; Choir The elemen. ts; ArsNova set; Ensemble Musicatreize, 2e2m… and more recently, Hémon, Opéra national du Rhin, Strasbourg; Der letzte Klang ist der erste Blick, Ensemble Modern, Frankfurt; Requiem for a New World, Basilica S.S. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice and L’Orangeraie, Compagnie Lyrique de Création Chants Libres, Montreal.

In parallel, he continues his visual arts practice working across installation, painting, photography and video. Recent exhibitions highlights include Totah Gallery New York; Dome Oscar Niemeyer Tripoli-Lebanon; Center Pompidou-Metz; 57th Venice Art Biennale, Sursock Museum, Beirut 2018, Suomennlina, Finland; Nuit Blanche, Paris; Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnins, Arsenal de Metz and Art Dubai and Palazzo Albrizzi, Venice.


Zad Moultaka

More recently, Moultaka was selected from among 200 Visionaries by Maison Louis Vuitton, in order to create a trunk to mark the 200th birthday of its founder. In November, he will exhibit his new collection “APOCALYPSE 6:08,” at AEDAEN gallery, Strasbourg-France and a visual and sound installation “WAHM” Corridor des Illusions in China.

Discography

  * Hachô dyôldat Alôhô - La Passion selon Marie (passion in Syriac)

As composer-performer;

  * Anashid (2001)
  * Zarani, with soprano Fadia Tomb el-Hage (2003)
  * Zarani Mouwashahs avec Piano (2004)
  * Visions with soprano Fadia Tomb el-Hage (2009)
  * Où en est la nuit 2014
As pianist
  * Mirages, Chimères... Musique de Gabriel Fauré, Philippe Balloy baritone with Zad Moultaka piano

Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions

  * ŠamaŠ (Sun Dark Sun), Pavilion of Lebanon at the Venice Biennale, 2017

Group exhibitions

  * Cycles Of Collapsing Progress, curated by Karina El Helou and Anissa Touati, Rashid Karami International Fair, Tripoli, Lebanon
  * Official site


Salo Landau

Salomon Landau vs. Johannes Hendrik Otto count van den Bosch (1906-1994), c. 1930

Salo (Salomon) Landau (1 April 1903, Bochnia, Galicia, Austria-Hungary – March 1944,Grodziszcze, Świdnica County, Poland) was a Dutch chess player, who died in a Nazi concentration camp.

Biography

Early life

Salo was born into a Jewish family in Bochnia, Poland (then Galicia, Austria-Hungary). In 1914 (World War I), the Landau family fled to Vienna, and young Salo was sent to friends in Rotterdam in the Netherlands.

Chess career

For some years, he was the Dutch number two, behind Max Euwe.

In July 1924, Landau took 4th at Antwerp. In May 1926, he tied for 4th–5th at Scarborough. In 1926/27, he took 7th at Hastings (Reserve Tournament). In 1927, he finished 2nd to Richard Réti, at The Hague. In 1927, Landau lost a match against Réti at Rotterdam (+1 –5 =0). In 1927, he tied for 4 th-6 th at 's-Hertogenbosch. In July 1927, he tied for 2nd–3rd at London (Reserve). In 1927/28, he took 3rd at Hastings (Reserve). In 1928, he tied for 3rd–4th at Amsterdam. In 1928, he took 2nd, behind Henri Weenink, at Amsterdam (Dutch Chess Championship). In December 1928, he took 2nd, behind van den Bosch, at The Hague. In 1928, he tied for 1st with van den Bosch at Zwolle. In 1928/29, he tied for 2 nd-3rd with Pitschak, behind Ludwig Rellstab, at Hastings (Reserve B). In February 1929, he took 3rd at Maastricht. In July 1929, he tied for 2nd–3rd with Weenink, behind Euwe, at Amsterdam (8th Dutch championship). In 1929, he tied for 2nd–3rd at The Hague. In 1929/30, he won at Hastings (Reserve B). In February 1930, he tied for 3rd–4th at Amsterdam. In 1930, he took 4th at Antwerp. In August 1930, he came fourth and last at Rotterdam (Quadrangular).


Salo Landau

Landau had one outstanding result at Rotterdam in 1931, where he finished 1st ahead of Edgard Colle, Savielly Tartakower, and Akiba Rubinstein, defeating all three in the process.

Landau played and lost some matches: in 1930 against Géza Maróczy (+0 –3 =0) at Amsterdam; in 1930 against Akiba Rubinstein (+0 –3 =2) at Amsterdam; in 1931 against Max Euwe (+1 –3 =2) at Amsterdam; in 1932 against Salo Flohr (+0 –1 =3) at Rotterdam; in 1933 against Rudolf Spielmann (+1 –2 =3) at Rotterdam; in 1934 against Andor Lilienthal (+1 –2 =3) at Amsterdam; in 1934 against Euwe (+1 –4 =1) at Amsterdam. In Autumn 1934, he won (+6 –0 =0), and drew (+4 –4 =2) matches against Johannes van den Bosch.

He represented his adopted country on fourth board in 3rd Chess Olympiad at Hamburg 1930 (+5 –7 =3), and on second board in 7th Chess Olympiad at Stockholm 1937 (+5 –2 =8).

In 1933, he tied for 4th–6th at Scheveningen (Flohr won). In February 1934, he took 2nd, behind Alexander Alekhine, at Rotterdam (Qudragular). In October–December 1935, during the World Championship match between Alekhine and Euwe in the Netherlands, Landau served as official second for Alekhine. In May 1936, he tied for 3rd–4th at Ostend. In July 1936, he tied for 7th–9th at Zandvoort. In 1936, he lost two matches against Spielmann, at Amsterdam (+0 –4 =4), and at Zandvoort (+1 –3 =3). In 1936, he tied for 4th–6th at Hanover. In October 1936, he tied for 1st with Alekhine at Amsterdam (Quadrangular). In October 1936, he tied for 4th–6th at Amsterdam.

In 1936, he won the 10th Dutch national championship (although the world champion, Euwe, did not compete).


Salo Landau

In April 1937, he tied for 4th–5th at Ostend. In June–July 1937, he tied for 15th–16th at Kemeri, but won the best game prize. In June 1938, he tied for 5th–6th at Noordwijk. In 1938, he tied for 5th–6th at Amsterdam (11th Dutch ch.). In November 1938, he was the referee in famous AVRO Tournament. In 1938/39, he tied for 3 rd-4th with Vasja Pirc, behind Szabo and Euwe, at Hastings. In 1939, he tied for 4 th-6th at Amsterdam (KNSB), shared 1st with Euwe at Amsterdam (VARA) took 3rd at Baarn B, tied for 4th–5th at Barnemouth. In 1939 he also drew a match against Theo van Scheltinga at Amsterdam (+3 –3 =4), drew a match against László Szabó at Amsterdam (+2 –2 =6), won at Amsterdam (the 12th NED-ch), and lost a match for the Dutch Champion title to former World Champion Euwe (+0 –5 =5).

During World War II, in 1940, he won at Baarn (Quadrangular), took 4th at Delft (Quadrangular), tied for 3rd–4th at Amsterdam (VAS), tied for 4th–7th at Rotterdam (Kamstra Cup), and tied for 1st–3rd with Nicolaas Cortlever and Lodewijk Prins at Leeuwarden. In 1941, he won at Groningen.

Attempt to escape the Nazis; Concentration camp

Finally, in September 1942, Landau tried to escape the Nazis by fleeing to Switzerland with his family, but they were caught on September 28 in Breda, near the border with Belgium and sent to Westerbork transit camp. He was sent to a concentration camp in Gräditz, Silesia in November 1943, where he died sometime between December 1943 and 31 March 1944 (probably March). His wife and young daughter, whose hiding place was betrayed, were sent to Auschwitz in September 1944,

Notable chess games


Salo Landau

Notable chess games

  * Salo Landau vs Akiba Rubinstein, Rotterdam 1931, Queen’s Gambit Declined, Orthodox Defense, D66, 1-0
  * Salo Landau vs Efim Bogoljubow, Zandvoort 1936, Queen’s Gambit Declined, Cambridge Springs Variation, D52, 1-0
  * Salo Landau vs Eero Böök, Kemeri 1937, Queen's Pawn Game, D05, 1-0 The best game prize !
  * Max Euwe vs Salo Landau, Hastings 1938/39, Grünfeld Defense, Russian Variation, D96, 0-1
  * Hans Kmoch vs Salo Landau, Groningen 1941, Queen's Gambit Declined, Slav, Exchange Variation, D14, 0-1
  * Salo Landau player profile and games at Chessgames.com


South Cle Elum, Washington

South Cle Elum is a town in Kittitas County, Washington, United States. The population was 532 at the 2010 census.

History

In 1909, the Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Railway chose Cle Elum as a division point between the Coast and Columbia divisions on its future transcontinental line.

Geography

South Cle Elum is located at 47°11′8″N 120°57′11″W / 47.18556°N 120.95306°W (47.185633, −120.953019).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.39 square miles (1.01 km2), all land.

Climate