Freedom Project

More than 160 years have passed since then. In Eden, children complete their compulsory education program when they are 15 years old. They are then integrated into the society as citizens. During their brief moratorium they are granted freedom. Like other boys, Takeru decides to take part in a race with his friends using machines particular to the Moon, called “Vehicle”. But what distinguishes Takeru is that he has constructed his own vehicle. When his vehicle catches fire on a public road he is sentenced to 10 hours of "volunteer" work outside the dome, where he discovers the remains of a small crashed capsule bearing photographs and articles seemingly sent from Earth. Structures visible in the background identify the location they were taken as the Kennedy launch facility in Florida.

Infatuated with a young woman in the photograph, Takeru attempts to research conditions on Earth and finds that the library's information on the home planet is heavily censored. Furthermore, nobody is permitted to travel far enough from the dome over the lunar surface to get within visual range. He discovers a small enclave of people living in a facility outside of Eden's centralized control, and after befriending the enclave's leader is given access to a moon rover with sufficient range to get a view of Earth. He sees that the Earth is blue; it has recovered from the disaster that befell it and is now habitable again. The authorities of Eden pursue Takeru, attempting to suppress this discovery, but Takeru and his friend Bismarck manage to commandeer an old "escape" rocket and leave Eden to explore Earth first hand.

The escape rocket's capsule comes down slightly off course, landing in the ruins of Las Vegas, and Takeru and Bismarck use Takeru's vehicle to make the overland trek across the United States.

Characters


Freedom Project

Characters

  * Takeru — Age: 15 Height: 170 cm A third-generation Moon-dweller with a big appetite for Cup Noodles, Takeru has a warm and cheerful personality but is somewhat shy with girls. Takeru has a fascination for visiting the Earth. (Voiced by Daisuke Namikawa (Japanese) and Michael Sinterniklaas (English))
  * Kazuma — Age: 15 Height: 175 cm A close friend of Takeru, Kazuma is the quiet and cool type. He has a younger sister Chiyo. (Voiced by Morikubo Shotaro (Japanese) and Johnny Yong Bosch (English))
  * Bismarck — Age: 15 Height: 160 cm Close friends with Takeru and Kazuma, Bismarck has an introverted nature. He is called Biz by his friends. Although not an accomplished rider, he is an ace with vehicle mechanics. (Voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi (Japanese) and Robby Sharpe (English))
  * Taira — Age: 15 Height: 171 cm A Tube Race rival that Takeru met and lost out to in Freedom 1. Taira is an extremely accomplished rider and leader of the Tube Racers group called Moon Shine. (Voiced by Takuya Kirimoto (Japanese) and Greg Abbey (English))
  * Junk — The owner of Moonraker, a garage found in Eden. This was where Takeru's vehicle was repaired and modified in preparation for the Tube Race in Freedom 1.
  * Alan — A senior member of Freedom living in the subterranean levels of Eden's domes. He provides the high-powered engine for Takeru's damaged vehicle after his disastrous challenge with Taira. Alan also dons an Apollo jacket similar to the one worn by Takeru. His name is likely a reference to US Astronaut Alan Shepard. (Voiced by Seizō Katō (Japanese) and William Frederick Knight (English))
  * Ao - The young Native American woman in the photo that Takeru is trying to find. (Voiced by Sanae Kobayashi (Japanese) and Stephanie Sheh (English))
  * Chiyo — Kazuma's younger sister.
  * Gosshu — A member of Moon Shine.
  * Naomi — A member of Moon Shine.

Marketing


Freedom Project

Marketing

As with most other major film and animation releases in Japan, a wide array of promotional merchandise was marketed before and during the OVA's release, including Nissin Cup Noodles with lead character Takeru printed on the lid, small desktop figurines, a 4 flavours Nissin Cup Noodles bundled Freedom DVD gift set, a limited Nissin Cup Noodle container and badges designed by video rental outlet Tsutaya that came free with the purchase of Freedom 1, among tie-ins with other retailers. Although Freedom Project is a direct-to-video (DVD) animation, it stands apart from conventional OVA series first by the involvement of Otomo, and also from the collaboration with Nissin Cup Noodles resulting in extensive TV advertising scheduled to run through the duration of the series until its conclusion with Freedom 6.

Publicity for the series began April 11, 2006, with large banners and posters featuring concept sketches of the lead characters Takeru, Kazuma and their vehicles lining Tokyo's busiest train stations, such as Shibuya and Shinjuku — the latter being the busiest railway station in the world with 3 million transiting passengers every day. These initial pencil-work posters were later replaced by fully coloured, CG created versions with finished background art, giving the effect of a work-in-progress animation piece being completed.

At the same time, 30-second television spots were shown on TV — short trailers providing a glimpse of the story to unfold in Freedom 1. The 5th advertising spot is currently being shown on Japanese television [April 20, 2007], and reveals major plot advances from Freedom 3. Some of these spots were made available on the limited-edition Freedom Previsited DVD (see release notes below).

A special Freedom Project page, a collaboration between Yahoo! Japan and Nissin, will also stream every episode of the series one week before its DVD release date.

Print ads showcasing Katsuhiro Otomo's sketches for the OVA were also released in magazines nationwide. Shortly before the Freedom 1 DVD release, many popular media, manga and animation magazines ran articles for the OVA, featuring mecha design descriptions and interviews with staff members.


Freedom Project

The largely successful publicity campaign for Freedom Project was very well received by fans of Katsuhiro Otomo and animation fans in Japan, who saw him returning to his strengths of designing stylish mecha and memorable characters.

It seemed that Otomo was concerned with the production of this work overall and was the director at first, but was over for participation only for character and mechanic design after all. According to the announcement of Nissin side, nonparticipation of Otomo is on schedule, Otomo confesses having resigned this work, or has refused the comment with some magazines.

Releases

DVD

Freedom Previsited, a special limited-edition DVD, was released on October 27, 2006, features a 6-minute prologue of Freedom as well as various staff interviews. Freedom 1, the first episode from the series, was released on DVD on November 24, 2006, followed by Freedom 2 on February 23, 2007, Freedom 3 on April 25, 2007, Freedom 4 on July 27, 2007, Freedom 5 on October 26, 2007, Freedom 6 on January 25, 2008, and Freedom 7 on May 23, 2008.

HD DVD release

On January 9, 2007, Bandai Visual announced Freedom Project as a title in its first wave of sub-only releases on the HD DVD Twin format, with each disc being single-sided with dual layers, one HD DVD layer and one DVD layer. The first episode, Freedom 1, was released on June 26, 2007, followed by Freedom 2 on September 25, 2007, Freedom 3 on December 11, 2007, Freedom 4 on February 26, 2008, Freedom 5 on April 22, 2008, and Freedom 6 on June 24, 2008.

Freedom 7 had been planned for an August 2008 release, but as a result of Toshiba ceasing production of the HD DVD format in February 2008, the release was canceled. Freedom 6 was the final title to be released on HD DVD.

Blu-ray release

Bandai Visual released a Blu-ray box set of all 7 episodes on November 11, 2008, complete with English Dub and English subtitles.Discotek Media released a Blu-ray and DVD combo pack of the anime on April 25, 2017.

Books

Shogakukan has published several books related to the Freedom franchise under its Gagaga Bunko label.


Freedom Project

Freedom: Footmark Days (FREEDOM フットマークデイズ, FREEDOM Futtomākudeizu) is a series of 3 novels which follows Kazuma's, one of the main characters, side of the story. It is a side-story that runs parallel to the main storyline, and also introduces characters not seen in the anime (ISBN 9784094510072, ISBN 978-4-09-451038-6, ISBN 978-4-09-451067-6).

Freedom Scenarios delves into the making of the OVA series. It is written in Japanese and divided into 2 books, 0-3 and 4-7 respectively.Freedom (ISBN 9784091064103, ISBN 978-4-09-106417-2).

  * "Freedom". (May 2007) Newtype USA. p. 23.
  * "Freedom Project" official site (in Japanese)
  * "Halcyon Realms" Weblog of Freedom Committee CG artist
  * Freedom (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
  * Freedom Project at IMDb


Interior of St Mary's Church in Dalham.

There are 12Grade I listed buildings in Forest Heath, a non-metropolitan district of Suffolk, England.

In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of "exceptional architectural or historic special interest"; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important. Just 2.5% of listed buildings are Grade I." The total number of listed buildings in England is 372,905.Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990English Heritage, a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

Forest Heath is a local government district, subdivided among 22 civil parishes, including 3 towns, that are in order of population Newmarket, Mildenhall and Brandon. Mildenhall is the administrative headquarters of the district.

Forest Heath

Name                                                 Location        Type    Completed      Date designated   Grid ref.                                        Entry number  Image                                                  Ref.
                                                                                Geo-coordinates


[Church of St Peter]
                                                                                TL7770786173
Church of St Peter                                   Brandon         Church  Medieval       7 May 1954        52°26′41″N 0°36′48″E / 52.444619°N 0.613284°E  1037592       Church of St Peter

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                                                                                [Church of St Mary]
                                                                                TL7242962556
Church of St Mary                                    Dalham          Church  15th century   7 May 1954        52°14′03″N 0°31′25″E / 52.234195°N 0.523598°E  1037701       Church of St Mary

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of St Martin]
                                                                                TL6214065513
Church of St Martin                                  Exning          Church  14th century   28 November 1950  52°15′50″N 0°22′28″E / 52.26388°N 0.374491°E   1374828       Church of St Martin

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of All Saints]
                                                                                TL7193264164
Church of All Saints                                 Gazeley         Church  14th century   7 May 1954        52°14′56″N 0°31′02″E / 52.248793°N 0.517145°E  1037675       Church of All Saints

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of All Saints]
                                                                                TL7757572606
Church of All Saints                                 Icklingham      Church  14th century   7 May 1954        52°19′22″N 0°36′15″E / 52.32282°N 0.604161°E   1351332       Church of All Saints

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of St Mary]
                                                                                TL7145382744
Church of St Mary                                    Lakenheath      Church  15th century   7 May 1954        52°24′57″N 0°31′11″E / 52.415819°N 0.519605°E  1285945       Church of St Mary


More images
                                                                                [Church of St Mary]
                                                                                TL7102674598
Church of St Mary                                    Mildenhall      Church  15th century   7 May 1954        52°20′34″N 0°30′33″E / 52.342789°N 0.509181°E  1037561       Church of St Mary

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of St Peter]
                                                                                TL6996864145
Church of St Peter                                   Moulton         Church  15th century   7 May 1954        52°14′57″N 0°29′18″E / 52.249232°N 0.488396°E  1037681       Church of St Peter

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of St Mary]
                                                                                TL8162487612
Church of St Mary                                    Santon Downham  Church  13th century   7 May 1954        52°27′23″N 0°40′18″E / 52.456255°N 0.671632°E  1351353       Church of St Mary

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Cross-base 2 Metres North West of Church of St Mary]
                                                                                TL8161687625
Cross-base 2 Metres North West of Church of St Mary  Santon Downham  Cross   Late Medieval  2 October 1984    52°27′23″N 0°40′17″E / 52.456374°N 0.671521°E  1285595       Cross-base 2 Metres North West of Church of St Mary

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of St Mary]
                                                                                TL7380471362
Church of St Mary                                    Tuddenham       Church  14th century   7 May 1954        52°18′46″N 0°32′54″E / 52.312853°N 0.548246°E  1037584       Church of St Mary

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of All Saints]
                                                                                TL6912873856


TL6912873856
Church of All Saints                                 Worlington      Church  14th century   7 May 1954        52°20′12″N 0°28′52″E / 52.336713°N 0.480974°E  1037585       Church of All Saints

                                                                                More images


* List of Grade I listed buildings in Suffolk
  * Grade II* listed buildings in Forest Heath

Media related to Grade I listed buildings in Forest Heath at Wikimedia Commons


Flagstaff Symphony Orchestra

The Flagstaff Symphony Orchestra played its first concert in 1950 under the name Northern Arizona Orchestra. It is associated with the non-profit Flagstaff Symphony Association, which was incorporated in 1961. The orchestra is currently composed of at least 75 professional and community members and offers a full annual calendar of events.Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona, and the artistic director and conductor is Charles Latshaw.

The orchestra is known for popular community offerings which attract a wide audience, including different age demographics.

  * Official Site


Camden Shipyard & Maritime Museum

The Camden Shipyard & Maritime Museum is a maritime museum in the Waterfront South neighborhood of Camden, New Jersey, across the Delaware River from Philadelphia.

The museum opened in September 2016.New York Shipbuilding Co., which is said to have been, at one time, the largest shipbuilder in the world.UrbanPromise on their Urban BoatWorks program, which teaches middle-school and high-school students wooden boat-building.

  * Official website

39°55′14″N 75°07′10″W / 39.920548°N 75.119328°W


Cynoglossus dubius

Cynoglossus dubius, commonly known as the Carrot tonguesole is a species of tonguefish. It is commonly found in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India.

  * Fishbase


Hassi El Ferid

Hassi El Ferid (Arabic: حاسي الفريد) is a town and commune in the Kasserine Governorate, Tunisia. As of 2004 it had a population of 4 711. km from Kasserine and 75 from Gafsa.

  * List of cities in Tunisia

34°57′N 8°34′E / 34.950°N 8.567°E


Elvet Meyers

Elvet Meyers (born May 2, 1960) is a sailor who competed for the British Virgin Islands. Meyers competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, he was part of the three man team that entered the Soling class and out of 22 crews they finished 21st.


Contrive

Not to be confused with Contrived.

Contrive are a heavy metal bandMelbourne, Australia formed in 1999. Their musical style has been compared to that of Sepultura.

The band consists of bassist Tim Stahlmann and twin brothers Paul Haug (vocals, guitars) and Andrew Haug (drums).Triple J metal radio program The Racket between 2002 and late 2011.

The band's first studio album, The Meaning Unseen, was released in September 2005. It was mixed by Frederick Nordström. It received favourable reviews highlighting the combined elements of stomping modern hardcore, '80s thrash and old-time heavy metal.

Their second album, The Internal Dialogue, was recorded in Melbourne, Australia with producer Adam Calaitzis and mixed by Devin Townsend.

The band have performed extensively since their inception and include three performances at the (now defunct) Metal For The Brain festival as well as opening slots for overseas bands which include Sepultura, Riverside, Mayhem, Machine Head, Destruction, Devin Townsend, Opeth and Testament.Parkway Drive. During 2011, they toured Vietnam and were the first Australian metal band to do so.

Discography

Studio albums

  * The Meaning Unseen (2005)
  * The Internal Dialogue (2010)
  * Slow Dissolve (2017)

EPs

  * Finally (self release, 2001)
  * Prosper (self release, 2003)
Look up contrive in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  * Official Website


Johann Fischer

Johann Fischer may refer to:

Entertainment

  * Johann Georg Fischer (painter) (1580–1643), German historical painter
  * Johann Fischer (theologian) (1636-1705), German Lutheran theologian
  * Johann Fischer (composer) (1646–1716), German violinist, pianist, and composer of the Baroque era
  * Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer (1656–1746), German Baroque composer
  * Johann Christian Fischer (1733–1800), German composer and oboist
  * Johann Ignaz Ludwig Fischer (c. 1745–1825), German opera singer
  * Johann Georg Fischer (1816–1897), German poet and playwright

Science

  * Johann Bernhard Fischer (1685–1772), German doctor, medical adviser to Empress Anna
  * Johann Fischer von Waldheim (1771–1853), German anatomist, entomologist, and paleontologist
  * Johann Conrad Fischer (1773–1854), Swiss metallurgist
  * Johann Nepomuk Fischer (1777–1847), Austrian ophthalmologist
  * Johann Baptist Fischer (1803–1832), German naturalist, zoologist, and botanist
  * Johann Gustav Fischer (1819–1889), German herpetologist

Other

  * Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (1656–1723), Austrian architect, sculptor, and architectural historian
  * Johann Michael Fischer (1692–1766), German architect in the late Baroque period
  * Johann Erhard Fischer (1817–1884), German Lutheran pastor
  * John Fischer (disambiguation)
  * John Fisher (disambiguation)
  * Johannes Fischer (1887–?), German physicist


Matt Henderson

Matt Henderson may refer to:

  * Matt Henderson (cricketer) (1895–1970), New Zealand cricketer
  * Matt Henderson (ice hockey) (born 1974), retired American professional ice hockey player


The I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry (IEPHB) is a facility in Saint Petersburg, Russia, dedicated to research in the fields of biochemistry and evolutionary physiology.

History

The Institute was founded as a research group in October 1950 by Leon Orbeli, a physiologist and a longtime collaborator with Ivan Pavlov.USSR Academy of Sciences, with the main object of studying functions of the nervous system in animals and man during ontogenesis, and also the effects of ionizing radiation on animals.

In 1956, the Laboratory became an Institute with Orbeli serving as the first Director of Evolutionary Physiology of the Academy of Sciences. The new Institute was named after Ivan Sechenov. By the end of 1957, the Institute numbered 9 laboratories, one of them being transferred from the former P.F. Lesgaft Institute for Natural Sciences.

After Orbeli's death in 1958, the Institute was headed by his collaborator Professor Alexander Ginetsinsky. From June 1960 to March 1975, the Institute was guided by Eugenie Kreps: a former pupil of Ivan Pavlov and collaborator of Orbeli's, Kreps is known for his fundamental studies in the field of comparative physiology and biochemistry of the nervous system. Kreps promoted research in evolutionary biochemistry. In response, in 1964, the Institute adopted its current name, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry. From 1975 to 1981 Institute was headed by Vladimir Govyrin, and from 1981 to 2004 by Vladimir Svidersky.

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology

The Institute is publisher of the Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology (ISSN 0022-0930) which is abstracted in the Chemical Abstracts. The journal is also available online by subscription only (online ISSN 1608-3202). Contents and abstracts are available online in PDF format.

  * Evolutionary physiology
  * I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry – official website in English


Caerphilly County Borough shown within Wales

In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest".Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In Wales,Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990Cadw.

Buildings

                   Location
Name               Grid Ref.                                                     Date Listed      Function  Notes                                                                                Reference Number  Image
                   Geo-coordinates

                   Caerphilly                                                                                [Caerphilly Castle]
Caerphilly Castle  ST1552687066                                                  28 January 1963  Castle    On a low-lying marshy site surrounded by hills to the N, S and W. Two streams, the Nant Gledyr and Nant yr Aber, cross the area and drain into the R Rhymney which flows towards the E. These streams were dammed to make the moat and great lakes.  13539
                   51°34′34″N 3°13′13″W / 51.57613014522°N 3.2203975541742°W                                                                                See more images

                   Gelligaer                                                                                [Llancaiach Fawr]
Llancaiach Fawr    ST1136096620                                                  25 October 1951  House     Close to the W community boundary which follows Nant Caeach, a short distance NE of Nelson and reached by a short track from the main road. Fronts a re-created formal garden, the surrounding walls incorporating stone benches.                    13562
                   51°39′41″N 3°16′59″W / 51.661370294848°N 3.2829191144656°W                                                                                See more images

  * Listed buildings in Wales
  * Grade II* listed buildings in Caerphilly County Borough
  * Scheduled Monuments in Caerphilly
  * Registered historic parks and gardens in Caerphilly County Borough

Media related to Grade I listed buildings in Caerphilly County Borough at Wikimedia Commons


Flagstar

Flagstar is the name used by several businesses including:

  * Flagstar Bank
  * Flagstar was a successor of Trans World Corporation, which ultimately changed its name to Denny's


Decimiana clavata

Decimiana clavata is a species of praying mantis in the family Acanthopidae.

  * List of mantis genera and species


Camden Township, Schuyler County, Illinois

Camden Township is located in Schuyler County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 229 and it contained 126 housing units.

Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.91 square miles (95.6 km2), all land.

Demographics

Historical population
Census                 Pop.  Note  %±
2016 (est.)            210
U.S. Decennial Census

  * City-data.com
  * Illinois State Archives

40°08′52″N 90°44′32″W / 40.14778°N 90.74222°W


Jambor

Jambor is a surname. Notable people with the name include:

  * Agi Jambor (1909–1997), Hungarian pianist
  * John Leslie Jambor (1936 - 2008), Canadian geologist and mineralogist
  * József Jámbor (born 1957), Hungarian high jumper
  * Lajos "Louis" Jambor (1884–1954), Hungarian-born American painter, muralist, and illustrator.
  * Milan Jambor (born 1975), Slovak footballer
  * Nikola Jambor (born 1995), Croatian footballer


Hassi Lahdjar

Hassi Lahdjar (also written Hassi El Hadjar) is a village in the commune of In Salah,In Salah District, Tamanrasset Province, Algeria. It is located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northeast of the town of In Salah.

Neighbouring towns and cities


Elverum IL

Elverum IL is a Norwegian alliance sports club from Elverum in Innlandet. It was founded in 1892, and has sections for handball, association football, ski jumping, gymnastics and swimming.

Handball

Further information: Elverum Håndball

Football

Further information: Elverum Fotball

Other sports

Ski jumper Hein-Arne Mathiesen represented the club.Bjørn Gundersen represented the club.

  * Official site


Inland rainforest

The inland rainforest,inland temperate rainforest in the classification system of the WWF, is a temperate rainforest in the Central Interior of British Columbia. It is part of the Interior Cedar Hemlock (ICH) zone of the biogeoclimatic zones system developed by the BC Ministry of Forests, in the Rocky Mountain Trench. One of the richest parts of this wet belt lies 110 kilometres (68 mi) east of the city of Prince George and nearly a thousand kilometres (600 miles) east of the coastal rainforests. The oldest and most diverse parts of the forest are typically found on northeasterly aspect wet toe slopes, with Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata) trees over 1,000 years old and undisturbed forest stands much older than that. Some of these toe-slope benches were cleared in the 1960s to develop the Yellowhead Highway, with the added result that most of the remainder became easily accessible to industrial logging and recreation, and more recently to research and interpretation. As a consequence there are only a handful of the best sites left undisturbed in 2008.

In 1987, a science-based conservation group Save-The-Cedar League was formed. With the establishment of the new University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC) in Prince George the 1990s, further research continued to highlight the significance of the ICH zone east of the city. The arrival of a defoliating insect outbreak, the Hemlock Looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria, resulted in increased salvage logging of old cedar stands along the Yellowhead Highway. This was reduced by the province's chief forester in the early 2000s as the appreciation of non-timber values of the zone began to be realized and as the Mountain Pine Beetle catastrophe spread across the Interior Plateau to the west and large-scale salvage logging moved in that direction.

As the Mountain Pine Beetle wave passes, attention is returning to the mountain wet zones. Some of this came to a head in 2006 with the development of an old growth forest trail by the nearby small community of Dome Creek in the richest site yet found, a place that was also scheduled to be logged. The resulting socio-economic and ecological issues were investigated in a documentary film, Block 486.

Climate change effects


Inland rainforest

Climate change effects

The Interior Cedar Hemlock (ICH) zone is of particular significance with respect to climate change. Climatic warming projections suggest that by mid-century or soon afterwards, this location may be at the southerly extent of the ICH.Rocky Mountain Trench east of Prince George therefore offers the last best chance to preserve some of the rare 'Tier-1' ICH sites.

  * Contribution of non-vascular plants such as lichens and mosses to ecosystem function along elevational gradients in Western Canada
  * Dome Creek Ancient Forest website
  * Documentary film, Block 486 - Narrative
  * North American Moose Conference (2007)
  * Nash, M (2007). Exploring Prince George - A Guide to North Central B.C. Outdoors. Rocky Mountain Books. ISBN 978-1-894765-49-7.
  * King, D; Nelson, R (2007). Central Interior Trail Guide Volume 1 - Prince George and Region. Caledonia Ramblers Hiking Club. ISBN 978-0-9692137-1-0.


I. P. Senthil Kumar

I. P. Senthil Kumar, a.k.a. I.P.S., is an Indian politician and the presiding M.L.A. of Palani Constituency in Tamil Nadu who belongs to the DMK party. He is the son of current Minister of Tamil Nadu I.Periyasamy of Attur (State Assembly Constituency) in Tamil Nadu. Senthil Kumar was born at Batlagundu on 30 October 1977.

Early life

I. P. Senthil Kumar aka IPS (fondly called by his friends and cadre) grew up in Batlagundu. He studied in Salem law college. As a young boy he was interested in shaping the society and welfare of the public so he decided to complete law and later to serve the public he came to politics. He became a member of DMK party and was given the posting of leadership to youth wing in the party because of his hardworkintelligence. Later he became State Youth Wing Deputy Secretary of DMK party and later on he became an MLA.

Personal life

I. P. Senthil Kumar married Arul Mercy who was formerly a television celebrity. The couple has two children, Aadhavan Senthil Kumar and Oviya Meenatchi Senthil Kumar.

Appointments

  * Former District Youth Wing Deputy Secretary, Dindigul District (DMK PARTY)
  * Former State Youth Wing Deputy Secretary (DMK PARTY)
  * District Secretary, Dindigul (East) District (DMK PARTY)
  * Incumbent M.L.A. Palani Constituency

Political career

Elections contested

Election                                       Constituency  Party  Result  Vote %  Runner-up            Runner-up Party  Runner-up vote %  Ref.
2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election  Palani        DMK    Won     52.86%  K. Ravi Manoharan    AIADMK           38.23%
2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election  Palani        DMK    Won     50.66%  P. Kumarasamy        AIADMK           37.71%
2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election  Palani        DMK    Lost    47.27%  K. S. N. Venugopalu  AIADMK           48.3%


I. P. Senthil Kumar

* DMK man in Dindigul after a 15-year gap
  * DMK cadre stage protest against erratic drinking water supply
  * 12 candidates in Dindigul, 10 in Theni file nominations
  * 120 candidates contest in Dindigul district
  * http://tamilnadumlas.com/candidate.php?mlaid=12
  * Tamil Nadu MLA 2019 , List of Tamil Nadu MLA 2019, Tamilnadu Mlas list October 2019


Mick Brennan (alpine skier)

Michael Brennan (born 29 October 1979) is a British alpine skier. Brennan lost both his lower legs in a bomb attack whilst serving in the British army in Iraq in 2004. His rehabilitation saw him first attempt to compete in the Summer Paralympics in Beijing before switching to alpine ski sports. In 2014 he qualified for the Great Britain team for the Winter Paralympics in Sochi as a sit-skier.

Personal history

Brennan was born in 1979 and comes from the English town of Doncaster. He became a career soldier and joined the British Army. In January 2004, while on duty in Iraq, he answered a volunteer call to join the Royal Signal Bomb Squad, and became part of the Army's bomb disposal team. In late 2004, at the rank of sergeant, he was caught within the blast of a suicide bomb. The blast removed both of his legs below the knees and he landed heavily on his head placing him in a coma for two weeks.

Brennan's physical recovery was hampered by mental health issues, caused by damage sustained to his head during the bomb attack.

Sports career

While at Headley Court, Brennan became first involved in parasport, joining the British Rowing project in 2007. Although not a favourite to break into an already established team, Brennan harboured aspirations to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing.

In the 2011 World Championships he finished 19th in the sitting Slalom and 23rd in the sitting Giant Slalom.2013 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships in La Molina, Spain, he took 9th place in the super combined, but broke his sternum the next day while preparing to compete in the giant slalom.southern hemisphere he broke his wrist, which limited his ability to practice and compete prior to the 2014 Winter Paralympics.

On arrival at Sochi, Brennan announced that he would not be competing at the downhill event, describing the slope as 'scary'.Super-G event, finishing tenth, one of only 12 athletes out of the starting 31 to complete the course.


Grade I listed buildings in Dartford (borough)

There are over 9,000 Grade I listed buildings in England. This page is a list of these buildings in the district of Dartford in Kent.

Listed buildings

Name                                   Location                   Type           Completed             Date designated   Grid ref.                                        Entry number  Image
                                                                                Geo-coordinates


[Church of St Margaret]
                                                                                TQ5608171274
Church of St Margaret                  Darenth, Dartford          Church         10th century          1 June 1967       51°25′08″N 0°14′36″E / 51.418997°N 0.243288°E  1085815       Church of St Margaret

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of St Nicholas]
                                                                                TQ6137671163
Church of St Nicholas                  Southfleet                 Church         14th century          1 June 1967       51°24′59″N 0°19′10″E / 51.416518°N 0.319322°E  1337465       Church of St Nicholas

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of St Mary]
                                                                                TQ5764174810
Church of St Mary                      Stone                      Parish church  13th century          1 June 1967       51°27′01″N 0°16′02″E / 51.450334°N 0.267277°E  1085810       Church of St Mary

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of St John the Baptist]
                                                                                TQ5532270598
Church of St John the Baptist          Sutton-at-Hone and Hawley  Church         Early 14th century    1 June 1967       51°24′47″N 0°13′56″E / 51.413131°N 0.232085°E  1085811       Church of St John the Baptist

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul]
                                                                                TQ6046373986
Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul  Swanscombe and Greenhithe  Parish church  Mainly 13th century   5 May 1952        51°26′32″N 0°18′27″E / 51.442139°N 0.307481°E  1085788       Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Church of St Michael]
                                                                                TQ5385672469
Church of St Michael                   Wilmington                 Church         Pre-Conquest origins  1 June 1967       51°25′49″N 0°12′43″E / 51.430341°N 0.211833°E  1085789       Church of St Michael

                                                                                More images
                                                                                [Holy Trinity Church]
                                                                                TQ5440473996
Holy Trinity Church                    Dartford                   Parish church  1220                  22 December 1953  51°26′38″N 0°13′13″E / 51.443912°N 0.220375°E  1086029       Holy Trinity Church

                                                                                More images


* Grade I listed buildings in Kent
      + Grade I listed buildings in Ashford (borough)
      + Grade I listed buildings in City of Canterbury
      + Grade I listed buildings in Dover (district)
      + Grade I listed buildings in Folkestone and Hythe
      + Grade I listed buildings in Gravesham
      + Grade I listed buildings in Maidstone
      + Grade I listed buildings in Medway
      + Grade I listed buildings in Tonbridge and Malling
      + Grade I listed buildings in Tunbridge Wells (borough)
      + Grade I listed buildings in Sevenoaks (district)
      + Grade I listed buildings in Swale
      + Grade I listed buildings in Thanet
  * Grade II* listed buildings in Dartford (borough)


Flagstaff Lake (Oregon)

Flagstaff Lake is one of a group of interconnected, alkaline, high-desert lakes known as the Warner Lakes in the Warner Valley of Lake County in the U.S. state of Oregon. Flagstaff Lake lies between Upper Campbell Lake to the north and Swamp Lake to the south,40 miles (64 km) northeast of Lakeview.3,635 acres (1,471 ha) and a shoreline of about 13 miles (21 km).

The Warner Lakes vary in depth and volume depending on the weather and have completely dried up at times. Fish populations also vary. During a drought from 1988 to 1992, when all of the lakes went dry, some fish survived by retreating into a 20-mile (32 km) slough connected to the lakes. Historically, fish species in the lakes have included crappie, brown bullhead, largemouth bass, and redband trout.

  * List of lakes in Oregon


Decimomannu

For the air Base, see Decimomannu Air Base.

Decimomannu (Sardinian: Deximumannu or Déximu Mannu [ˌdeʒimuˈmanːu]) is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. It is located about 17 km (11 mi) northwest of central Cagliari and had a population of about 8,115 As of 2014.

Geography

Decimomannu borders the municipalities of Assemini, Decimoputzu, San Sperate, Siliqua, Uta, Villasor, and Villaspeciosa. It is served by a railway station connecting it to Iglesias, Golfo Aranci, and Cagliari.

Climate

The climate is hot-summer Mediterranean (Köppen: Csa), similar to the rest of the south-central coast of Italy.


Decimomannu

Climate data for Decimomannu (Decimomannu Air Base), elevation: 28 m or 92 ft, 1961-1990 normals
Month                                                                                Jan     Feb     Mar     Apr     May     Jun     Jul     Aug     Sep     Oct     Nov     Dec     Year
Average high °C (°F)                                                                              14.0    14.6    16.3    19.2    23.7    28.1    31.6    31.4    28.1    23.4    18.3    15.0    22.0
                                                                                (57.2)  (58.3)  (61.3)  (66.6)  (74.7)  (82.6)  (88.9)  (88.5)  (82.6)  (74.1)  (64.9)  (59.0)  (71.6)
Average low °C (°F)                                                                               4.5     5.0     5.9     7.5     10.8    14.7    17.6    18.3    16.1    12.7    8.5     5.8     10.6
                                                                                (40.1)  (41.0)  (42.6)  (45.5)  (51.4)  (58.5)  (63.7)  (64.9)  (61.0)  (54.9)  (47.3)  (42.4)  (51.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)                                                                 47.7    65.7    51.8    46.8    24.2    11.3    3.2     14.2    37.3    54.4    65.7    61.2    483.5
                                                                                (1.88)  (2.59)  (2.04)  (1.84)  (0.95)  (0.44)  (0.13)  (0.56)  (1.47)  (2.14)  (2.59)  (2.41)  (19.04)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)                                                             8.2     8.8     7.9     6.6     3.8     1.7     0.8     1.4     4.3     6.4     8.6     9.3     67.8
Average relative humidity (%)                                                                     78      75      72      70      68      64      62      64      69      73      78      80      71
Source: NOAA

History


Decimomannu

History

Decimomannu's origins date back at least to Roman times, as attested by its Latin name, meaning "the biggest town located ten miles from Cagliari". Its earlier history was revealed when a necropolis from Phoenician-Punic times was found in 1879–80. It was the location of the battle of Decimomannu during the revolt of Hampsicora.

After belonging to the Byzantine Empire, in the Middle Ages it became part of the Giudicato of Cagliari. Several giudici (from Latin iudice, literally "judge") established their residences in Decimomannu. After the fall of the Giudicato of Cagliari, Decimomannu belonged to the Della Gherardesca family from Pisa. The Battle of Lucocisterna, fought between the Pisane and the Aragonese, took place here in 1324, and after it the town belonged to the latter (with the exception of a short period under the Giudicato of Arborea in 1353-1355). Decimomannu was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia in the Spanish Empire until 1708, when, together with the whole Sardinia, came under Piedmontese rule in 1720.

On December 18, 2020, it was announced the institution of the International Flight Training School within the local military airport. It is a long-term collaboration between the Italian Air Force and Finmeccanica to train military pilots on modern flight simulators.

Main sights

  * Church of Sant'Antonio Abate (16th century), in Gothic-Catalan style
  * Church of Santa Greca, built in 1777 above a pre-existing one dating perhaps from around 1500.
  * Roman Bridge, crossing the Rio Mannu river
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Decimomannu.


Inland hill rat

The inland hill rat (Bunomys penitus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.Sulawesi, Indonesia.


Inland Revenue Repeal Act 1870

The Inland Revenue Repeal Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 99) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The Inland Revenue Repeal Act 1870 was repealed by section 1(1) of, and Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1950.

  * Halsbury's Statutes
  * The Incorporated Council of Law Reporting. The Law Reports: The Public General Statutes, 1870. Pages 670 to 675. Digitised copy from Google Books.


Inland Sport

The Inland Sport series of parasol wing, sport and training side-by-side two seaters, introduced between 1928 and 1930, differed chiefly in their engines. They used three different radial engines, more than doubling the Sport's power over two years of development. 34 examples were built and frequently re-engined.

Design and development

S-300 Sport

S-300 Sport

Before joining Inland Aviation Co., founded in 1928, Dewey Bonbrake had designed and built his Bonbrake Parasol, based on the Bahl Lark. Almost all of his designs for Inland were variations on the former. These were 30 ft (9.1 m) span, parasol wing monoplanes with side-by-side open cockpit seating for two, designed to be powered by a range of five or seven cylinder radial engines.

The wing was a two spar structure, rectangular in plan out to rounded tips. The spars were wooden (spruce) but the ribs metal (duralumin). Chrome-molybdenum steel, N-form struts from the spars attached the wing to the lower fuselage, assisted centrally by a short cabane. Chrome-molybdenum steel was used structurally throughout the rest of the airframe, including the differential ailerons.

The engine was nose-mounted was mounted with its cylinders exposed for cooling. The first prototype, the S-100, was powered by a five cylinder, 55 hp (41 kW) Velie M-5. As more powerful and heavier engines were used in later variants the nose length decreased to maintain trim.tailplane, mounted on top of the fuselage structure and braced to the lower longerons, which carried elevators of similar plan apart from cut-outs for rudder movement. Its pilot could trim the Sport in flight by adjusting the tailplane angle of incidence. The vertical tail was also rectangular in profile out to a rounded top. The rudder reached to the keel, where a short tailskid attached to it assisted ground manoeuvrability.


Inland Sport

The Sport's main undercarriage was fixed and of wide track, with the wheels on separate axles mounted on the lower fuselage longerons, as were the drag struts. Legs, including oleo struts, were mounted on the forward wing struts at points reinforced by short struts to the upper and lower longerons.

Operational history

Between 1928 and 1930 six Sport models appeared, differing chiefly in their engine power which ranged from 55 to 145 hp (41 to 108 kW) delivered by three different engine types, each with their own variants. In all 34 were built and at least nine had at least two different engines during their lives. The most powerful Sport variant, the sole W-600 Super Sport fitted with a 145 hp (108 kW) Warner Scarab, was destroyed during a test flight.

Inland Aircraft were declared bankrupt in 1932.

Variants

Data from aerofiles: Inland

All variants had 30 ft (9.1 m) span wings and lengths between 19 ft 4 in (5.89 m) and 19 ft 10 in (6.05 m).

S-100 Five cylinder, 55 hp (41 kW) Velie M-5. Prototype, one built.(1928) S-200 As S-100 but 70 hp (52 kW) Velie M-5. One conversion.(1928) S-300 Sport Five cylinder 65 hp (48 kW) LeBlond 5D. 17 built.(1929) S-300-E Sport 70 hp (52 kW) LeBlond 5DE. Five conversions.(1929) S-300-DF Sport 80 hp (60 kW) LeBlond 5DF. One conversion. (1930) S-400 Seven cylinder 110 hp (82 kW) Warner Scarab. One built, prototype for W-500.(1930) R-400 Sportster 90 hp (67 kW) Warner Scarab. Nine built. (1930) W-500 Super Sport 110 hp (82 kW) Warner Scarab. Five built, plus two conversions.(1930) W-600 Super Sport 145 hp (108 kW) Warner Scarab. One built.(1930)

Specifications (S-300-E)

Data from Aero Digest September 1929

General characteristics


Inland Sport

Data from Aero Digest September 1929

General characteristics

  * Crew: One pilot
  * Capacity: one student or passenger
  * Length: 19 ft 1 in (5.82 m)
  * Wingspan: 30 ft (9.1 m)
  * Empty weight: 680 lb (308 kg)
  * Gross weight: 1,185 lb (538 kg)
  * Payload: 505 lb (229 kg)
  * Fuel capacity: 25 US gal (21 imp gal; 95 L)
  * Powerplant: 1 × LeBlond 5DEradial, 70 hp (52 kW)
  * Propellers: 2-bladed

Performance

  * Maximum speed: 110 mph (180 km/h, 96 kn)
  * Cruise speed: 95 mph (153 km/h, 83 kn)
  * Landing speed: 39 mph (63 km/h; 34 kn)
  * Range: 500 mi (800 km, 430 nmi)


Inland salt marsh

For saltwater marshes that are found on the coastline, see Salt marsh.

An inland salt marsh is a saltwater marsh located away from the coast. It is formed and maintained in areas when evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation and/or when sodium- and chloride-laden groundwater is released from natural brine aquifers. Its vegetation is dominated by halophytic plant communities.

Salt flats in an inland salt marsh in Quivira National Wildlife Refuge in Kansas.

Overview

Inland salt marshes (ISMs) are rare, non-tidal wetlands which form either due to the influence of saline groundwater and proximate springs and seepsevapotranspiration exceeding precipitation.Great Lakes region of the US, they are dominantly composed of salt-tolerant, halophytic plant communities including the invasive Phragmites australis (common reed).critically imperiled ecosystems.

Flora and fauna

Phragmites australis (common reed) in a salt marsh community. P. australis is a non-native species in US ISMs.

If vegetation is at all present, ISMs are typically dominated by halophytic vegetative communities, though species-specific composition may vary among marshes. In a study quantifying spatial variability of ISM vegetation, New York ISMs were found to be composed of Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass), Typha × glauca, Lythrum salicaria (purple loostrife), and invasive Phragmites australis (common reed).Phragmites australis has been shown to associate with highly saline areas with short hydroperiods, suggesting high water levels dilute salinity and decrease photosynthetic activity of this halophytic species.E. parvula and S. americanus, with little commonality with New York ISMs.

Vegetation of inland salt marshes have also been shown to reflect environmental conditions. A recently accepted European study provides detailed analyses on species associations with salinity, moisture, light availability, and nitrogen content. Analyses suggest that certain ISM species have specific environmental requirements, and knowledge of which can better inform salt marsh conservation efforts accordingly.

Soil chemistry


Inland salt marsh

Soil chemistry

Inland salt marshes can have extremely dynamic and harsh soil chemistry conditions. Much of the marsh is saturated with a layer of sodium chloride, failing to sustain much plant life that can not tolerate such high salinity environments.halophytic plants which can colonize this harsh soil, nitrogen content is also a limiting factor. This limitation is increased when plants are inundated with water, as higher levels can dilute the soil and reduce availability of nitrate and ammonium sources of nitrogen.

Many studies have also investigated the role of soil chemistry in the productivity and community structures of ISMs. For instance, a study on an Ohio salt marsh found Salicornia europea (common glasswort) increased production when fertilized with nitrogen, and its different growth forms may be induced by varying soil nitrogen concentrations.Hordeum jubatum (foxtail barley) and Atriplex triangularis (orache) were found to be limited by another factor other than nitrogen availability.

There have also been efforts to apply GIS and remote sensing methods to characterize the soil chemistry of inland salt marshes.

Conservation and management

Inland salt marshes are quite rare and have unique conservation needs, yet there is a severe lack of research on these ecosystems.

Protected by the European Natura 2000 network G1 category endangered ecosystem,conservation initiatives. One study aimed to address this gap with a case study in Central Europe; interdisciplinary analysis of various salt marsh conditions suggested that regular flooding of the inland salt marsh with nearby brine, in this case from a nearby health center, could be used to restore endangered inland salt marshes.

  * Sor (geomorphology)


Delaware Township

Delaware Township may refer to:

Indiana

  * Delaware Township, Delaware County, Indiana
  * Delaware Township, Hamilton County, Indiana
  * Delaware Township, Ripley County, Indiana

Iowa

  * Delaware Township, Sac County, Iowa
  * Delaware Township, Delaware County, Iowa
  * Delaware Township, Polk County, Iowa

Michigan

  * Delaware Township, Michigan

Minnesota

  * Delaware Township, Grant County, Minnesota

New Jersey

  * Delaware Township, Camden County, New Jersey, now Cherry Hill Township
  * Delaware Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey

Ohio

  * Delaware Township, Defiance County, Ohio
  * Delaware Township, Delaware County, Ohio
  * Delaware Township, Hancock County, Ohio

Pennsylvania

  * Delaware Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania
  * Delaware Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania
  * Delaware Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
  * Delaware Township, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, defunct
  * Delaware Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania


Delaware Town, Ohio

This article is about the ghost town. For the existing city, see Delaware, Ohio.

Delaware Town is a ghost town in Coshocton County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

History

The town was so named on account of the site formerly being a Delaware Indian camping ground.


Johannes Rindal

Johannes Rindal (born 22 February 1984 in Dovre) is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oppland during the term 2005–2009.

On the local level he has been a member of Dovre municipality council.

He was the leader of the Centre Youth from 2009 to 2011.

  * "Johannes Rindal" (in Norwegian). Storting.


Johannes Rosinus

Johannes Rosinus (Johann Roszfeld) (c. 1550 – 1626) was the German author of a work on Roman Antiquity called Antiquitatum romanarum corpus absolutissimum, which first appeared at Basel in 1585.

Antiquitatum romanarum corpus absolutissimus, 1743 edition

He studied at Jena, and became sub-rector of a school at Regensburg. He also served as minister of a Lutheran church at Wickerstadt in Weimar. He later preached at the cathedral church in Naumburg, Saxony.

Rosinus' work went through a series of editions with subsequent editors including Thomas Dempster, Paolo Manuzio, Andreas Schott, and Samuel Pitiscus.

Dempster's dedication of his edition of Rosinus' Antiquitatum romanarum corpus absolutissimum to King James I won him an invitation to the English court.

Works

  * Antiquitatum romanarum corpus absolutissimus (in Latin). Basilea. 1585.
      + Rossfeld, Johann (1663). Antiquitatum romanarum corpus absolutissimus (in Latin).
      + Antiquitatum romanarum corpus absolutissimus (in Latin). Amsterdam: Salomon Schouten. 1743.
  * Antiquitatum romanarum corpus absolutissimum (Google eBook)


Detonator (game)

The game of Detonator is played with a single, unopened can of beer

Detonator, also known as Shake Shake Bang Bang, is a drinking game where players smash an unopened beer can against their heads in turn, until the can ruptures. It is played across the United States, and supposedly originated among college students attending Gonzaga University.

Rules

Detonator can be played with two or more people. Players typically gather together in an outdoor setting. Game play starts with one beer, which is still in its unopened can. Players take turns smashing the beer on their foreheads, yelling "Detonator!" as they do so. The beer can is then passed to the next player, who repeats the smashing and yelling.

Play continues until the structural integrity of the can is compromised. At this point, one player inevitably ends up covered in beer. This player is declared the winner, and all losers are required to chug a full beer.

  * List of drinking games


Brian Holguin

Brian Holguin is an American writer who works in the comics industry.

Work

Holguin is known for his work on AriaTodd McFarlane's Spawn.

He also wrote Spawn: Godslayer, a dark fantasy re-imagining of Spawn.

Partial bibliography

Aria (1999)

  * Aria/Angela: Heavenly Creatures (2000)
  * Aria: The Soul Market (2001)
  * Aria: A Midwinter's Dream (2002)
  * Aria: Summer's Spell (2002)
  * Aria: The Uses of Enchantment (2003)

KISS: Psycho Circus (1997)

  * KISS: Psycho Circus Vol. 01 - 'Book One'

Mr Majestic (1999)

  * Mr Majestic with co-writer Joe Casey and artist Ed McGuiness (Trade paperback collects Mr Majestic Vol 1. Nos 1–6)

Spawn (1998–2005)

  * Spawn issues 71–150, 185-190

Spawn: The Dark Ages (1999–2000)

  * Spawn: The Dark Ages issues 1-14
  * Complete Bibliography http://www.comicbookdb.com/creator_chron.php?ID=3028


Clarke Range

Not to be confused with Clark Range (disambiguation).

The Clarke Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, is a rainforest-covered mountain range located in North Queensland, Australia. The range is located approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the Coral Sea and 65 kilometres (40 mi) west of the coastal city of Mackay. The highest points are the summits of Mount William at about 1,270 metres (4,170 ft)AHD and Mount Dalrymple at 1,227 metres (4,026 ft)AHD .

The range is composed of granite rocks.Pioneer River valley. Broken River also rises in the range, flowing west to join the Burdekin River.

An exploration party led by John Mackay were the first Europeans to cross the range on 18 May 1860.

The main road over the range winds sharply and steeply and is not suitable for caravans.

Birds

Some 950 square kilometres (370 sq mi) of the Clarke Range, encompassing the Eungella National Park, has been classified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports most of the population of the Eungella honeyeater, an isolated northern population of the regent bowerbird, and large numbers of bush stone-curlews.

  * List of mountains in Queensland


Hassi Mamèche District

Hassi Mamèche is a district in Mostaganem Province, Algeria. It was named after its capital, Hassi Mamèche.

Municipalities

The district is further divided into 3 municipalities:

  * Hassi Mamèche
  * Stidia
  * Mazagran

35°51′40″N 0°43′30″E / 35.8611°N 0.7250°E


Elías Sveinsson

Elías Sveinsson (born 10 January 1952) is an Icelandic athlete. He competed in the men's decathlon at the 1976 Summer Olympics.


Félix Sartiaux

Félix Sartiaux (1876-1944) was a French engineer and amateur archaeologist who eye-witnessed the Massacre of Phocaea.

Old Phocaea burning, photographed by Sartiaux

Sartiaux was a graduate of the Polytechnique and Director of Operations at the French Northern Railway Company. In 1913, he traveled to Asia Minor commissioned by the French state to carry out archaeological excavations at the ancient town of Old Phocaea.looting and massacre of the town by Ottoman Turk irregulars. Sartiaux and his three assistants, hoisted French flags on their homes and provided shelter to fleeing Greeks. Around 700-800 people were saved from the attacks and were later evacuated by boats to Greece. Sartiaux's documented testimony and photos are invaluable in describing the sequence of events before and during the massacre.

Between 1919 and 1920, following the end of WWI, many Phocaeans including Sartiaux, returned to Phocaea but were expelled once again in 1922 after the burning of Smyrna. Sartiaux published documents and photos of his archaeological work including the events of the massacre in French.Greek: Χάρης Γιακουμής).

Evenements de Phocee 1914 on Vimeo


I. M. Dharmadasa

I.M. Dharmadasa is Professor of Applied Physics and leads the Electronic Materials and Solar Energy (solar cells and other Semiconductor Devices) Group at Sheffield Hallam University, UK. Dharme has worked in semiconductor research since becoming a PhD student at Durham University as a Commonwealth Scholar in 1977, under the supervision of the late Sir Gareth Roberts. His interest in the electrodeposition of thin film solar cells grew when he joined the Apollo Project at BP Solar in 1988. He continued this area of research on joining Sheffield Hallam University in 1990.

Career and research

He has published over 200 refereed and conference papers, has six British patents on thin film solar cells and has made over 175 conference presentations. He has made five book contributions and is the author of the book Advances in Thin Film Solar cells, which was published in 2012. Dharmadasa has also successfully supervised 20 Ph.D. and M.Phil. candidates and 14 years of PDRA

His recent scientific breakthroughs [1-2], which are fundamental to describing the photovoltaic activity of cadmium telluride/cadmium sulfide solar cells, were summarised in a "new theoretical model for CdTe”. Based on these novel ideas he has reported a higher efficiency of 18% for cadmium telluride/cadmium sulfide cell [3], compared with 16.5% reported by NREL in the United States in 2002. He currently focuses on low-cost methods to develop thin film solar cells based on electrodeposited copper indium gallium selenide materials, where he has reported efficiencies of 15.9% to date, compared with the highest value of 19.5% reported by NREL [4] using more expensive techniques. His article 'Fermi level pinning and effects on CuInGaSe2-based thin-film solar cells' was selected to be part of the Semiconductor Science and Technology Journal's Highlights of 2009.

Social contribution


I. M. Dharmadasa

Social contribution

In addition to his research and development programme, Dharmadasa is heavily involved in and passionate about promoting the use of renewable energy for the alleviation of poverty and economic development. He was one of the founding members of the South Asia renewable Energy programme which is now becoming an international programme for the promotion of renewables [5-7]. As a Sri Lankan from a rural village in the Kurunagala District, he has taken back his knowledge to his village, recently setting up machinery to provide several local villages with free drinking water by replacing an expensive diesel pump with a solar powered motor. He intends to extend this concept through his "Village Power" programme by setting up solar powered energy hubs in developing countries with the hope of empowering rural communities to grow and develop through education and commerce. Back home in the UK, he regularly gives guest lectures at secondary schools around Sheffield, with the hope of instilling the importance of renewable energy technologies in the minds of young students.

Early career

Earlier in his career, Dharmadasa graduated from the University of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka by completing two B.Sc. Honours degrees covering chemistry, physics and mathematics. He won the Dr. Hewavitharana Memorial Prize for best performance for his physics special degree in 1975, and joined the academic staff of the Physics Department in the Science Faculty at the University of Peradeniya. After winning an open commonwealth scholarship in 1977, he completed his Ph.D. thesis in 1980, under the supervision of the late Sir Gareth Roberts and M. Petty, at the University of Durham (UK), before returning to his post in Sri Lanka. A deep research interest generated by his Ph.D. thesis led to his return to the UK in 1984, where he was an active solar energy researcher at the University College Cardiff and the British Petroleum Company, before joining Sheffield Hallam University in 1990.

Professional affiliations


I. M. Dharmadasa

Professional affiliations

Dharmadasa is a fellow of the World Innovation Foundation and the UK Institute of Physics. He referees for over 12 international journals and currently serves as assessor/panel member for the UK funding council, Department of Trade and Industry, The European Commission, the British Council (BC) and the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission. Dharmadasa holds dual citizenship (Sri Lankan and British) and currently advising several Government Ministries for using renewable energy as a tool for social development and the empowerment of rural communities. Dharmadasa is one of the founding members of the Association of Professional Sri-Lankans UK, and has served as a vice president for five years and its president for two years (2009-2011).

1. I.M. Dharmadasa, J. Young, A.P. Samantilleke. N.B. Chaure, and T. Delsol (i) Copper-indium based thin film PV devices and methods of making the same; WO 03/043096 (ii) Thin film PV devices and method of making the same; GB0405707.1-published as 2397944A (iii) Design of II-VI and III-V thin film PV devices; GB0405710.5 - published as 2397945A (iv) CdTe based multi-layer graded band gap PV devices; GB0405718.8 - published as 2397946A (v) Fabrication of Semiconductor Devices; GB0308826.7-published on 20 Oct. 2004 as GB2400725A (vi) Thin Film photovoltaic device and method of making the same, GB 0202007.1

2. IM Dharmadasa. Recent developments and progress on electrical contacts to CdTe, CdS and ZnSe with special reference to barrier contacts to CdTe. Prog. Crystal Growth and Charact. 36 (1998), pp. 249–290.


I. M. Dharmadasa

3. IM Dharmadasa, AP Samantilleke, J Young and NB Chaure. New ways of development of Glass/CG/CdS/CdTe/metal thin film solar cells based on a new model. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 17 (2002), pp. 1238–1248. ( http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0268-1242/17/12/306/ )

4. X Wu, JC Keane, RG Dhere, C Dehart, DS Albin, A Duda, TA Gessert, S Asher, DH Levi and P Sheldon. Proc. of 17th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference. Munich, Germany, 22–26 October 2001, pp. 995–1000.

5. IM Dharmadasa. Photovoltaic technology for developing countries; The way forward. Proc. of the workshop on Low Cost Electronic Materials and Solar Cells, Colombo-Sri Lanka, 5–6 March 1997, pp. 1–9.

6. IM Dharmadasa. Clean Energy for the future; the role of photovoltaics as an energy source for the twenty first century. Proc. of the workshop on Renewable Energy Sources Colombo, Sri Lanka, 10–11 February 1998, pp. 1–6.

7. IM Dharmadasa. Solar Energy for a Healthy Society, Part I, Lanka Outlook, Winter (1997/98), pp. 36–37.

11. IM Dharmadasa. Solar Energy for a Healthy Society, Part II, Lanka Outlook, Spring (1998), pp. 36–38.


Mbabala

Mbabala is an administrative ward in the Dodoma Urban district of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 12,934 people in the ward, from 11,901 in 2012.


Lost in Reverie

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Lost in Reverie is the third studio album release from the Norwegian avant-garde metal band Peccatum.2004 on Mnemosyne Productions, the label run by band members Ihsahn and Ihriel.

Track listing

 1. "Desolate Ever After" - 8:26
 2. "In the Bodiless Heart" - 7:03
 3. "Parasite My Heart" - 6:23
 4. "Veils of Blue" - 6:05
 5. "Black Star" - 8:14
 6. "Stillness" - 7:12
 7. "The Banks of This River Is Night" - 6:34
  * All Songs Written By Ihriel and Ihsahn.

Personnel

  * Ihsahn: Vocals, Keyboards, Programming, Guitar, Bass-guitar, Strings
  * Ihriel: Vocals, Keyboards
  * Jarle Havrås: Drums
  * Knut Aalefjær – Drums and Percussion on 2, 3, 4, 5
  * PZ – Vocals on 3, 5
  * Einar Solberg – Vocals on 3, 5
  * Lost in Reverie at Discogs
  * Official artist website
  * Official record label website


Decimo

Decimo Ltd was a British electronics manufacturer.

Decimo was founded by Douglas Dorsett in the 1970s, and the company was based in Luton, Bedfordshire, England.

Vatman

Vatman was a brand of pocket calculator produced by Decimo and made in Japan.


Detonula

Detonula is a genus of diatoms belonging to the family Thalassiosiraceae.

The genus name of Detonula is in honour of Giovanni Battista de Toni (1864–1924), who was an Italian botanist, mycologist and phycologist.

The genus was circumscribed by Franz Schütt ex Giovanni Battista De Toni in Syll. Algarum Vol.2 on page 1425 in 1894.

Species

As of 2021;:

  * Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran
  * Detonula cystifera Gran
  * Detonula delicatula (H.Peragallo) Gran
  * Detonula moseleyana (Castracane) H.H.Gran
  * Detonula pumila (Castracane) Gran
  * Detonula schroederi Gran
  * Detonula subtilissima Proshkina-Lavrenko


Brian Hitch

Not to be confused with Bryan Hitch.

Brian Hitch CMG (2 June 1932 – 3 August 2004) was a British diplomat, academic, and musician who was High Commissioner to Malta between 1988 and 1991.Wisbech, where his father was a cobbler, he attended Wisbech Grammar School, where he attained the Holmes Scholarship to Magdalene College, Cambridge. After national service in the RAF, he joined the Foreign Office in 1955 and held positions in Japan, Cuba (during the Cuban Missile Crisis), Greece, Tokyo (as Head of Chancery), as Counsellor in Bonn and in Algiers, Consul-General in Munich, Minister in Tokyo and finally, from 1988–91, as High Commissioner to Malta.Kellogg College, Oxford.Oxford in 2004.


Hatsukaichi-shiyakusho-mae Station

Hatsukaichi-shiyakusyo-mae (Hera) is a Hiroden station on Hiroden Miyajima Line, located in front of Hatsukaichi City Hall, in Shingu, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima.

Routes

From Hatsukaichi-shiyakusyo-mae (Hera) Station, there is one of Hiroden Streetcar routes.

  * Hiroshima Station - Hiroden-miyajima-guchi Route

Connections

█ Miyajima Line Hiroden-hatsukaichi — Hatsukaichi-shiyakusyo-mae (Hera) — Miyauchi

Around station

  * Hatsukaichi City Hall
  * Hatsukaichi City Sports Center
  * Hatsukaichi Post Office
  * Hatsukaichi Cultural Hall "SAKURAPIA"

History

  * Opened as "Hera" on November 1, 1984.
  * Moved on January 28, 2006.
  * Rebuilt and renamed to "Hatsukaichi-shiyakusyo-mae (Hera)" on June 1, 2006.
  * Started Sakura-Bus services on June 2, 2006.
  * Hiroden Streetcar Lines and Routes

34°21′11″N 132°19′47″E / 34.35306°N 132.32972°E


Hatsik

Hatsik may refer to:

  * Hatsik, Armavir, Armenia
  * Hatsik, Shirak, Armenia


Burglengenfeld

Burglengenfeld is a town in the district of Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Naab, 22 km north of Regensburg.

Climate

Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).

Anti-WAAhnsinns-Festival

Anti-WAAhnsinns-Festival memorial stone in Burglengenfeld

The Anti-WAAhnsinns Festivals in Burglengenfeld were political rock concerts, which took place in Germany in the 1980s. Their purpose was to support protests against a planned nuclear reprocessing plant Wackersdorf (German: Wiederaufbereitungsanlage Wackersdorf, abbreviated WAA Wackersdorf) in Wackersdorf.

Personalities

  * Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1281 or 1282–1347), Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, lived around 1300 for about two years in the castle
  * Johann Michael Fischer (1692–1766), baroque master builder
  * Carl Ludwig Koch (1778–1857), forester, entomologist and arachnologist


Burgnac

Burgnac (French pronunciation: [byʁɲak]; Occitan: Burnhac) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

  * Communes of the Haute-Vienne department
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Burgnac.


Burgoberbach

Burgoberbach is a municipality in the district of Ansbach in Bavaria in Germany.

In the graveyard of the Catholic church of St. Leonhard lies the grave of Flying Officer George Warren, administered by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Media related to Burgoberbach at Wikimedia Commons

  * Official website (in German)


Burgmann

From the 12th century in central Europe, a Burgmann (plural: Burgmannen or modern term Burgmänner, Latin: oppidanus, castrensus) was a knight ministeriales or member of the nobility who was obliged to guard and defend castles.castellan and the name derives from the German word for castle, Burg.

Function

Whether a Burgmann was a free knight, dienstmann or ministerialis, he was a member of the aristocracy who was charged by the Burgrave or lord of the castle (the Burgherr) with the so-called Burghut or castle-guard. In other words, his job was to guard the castle and defend it in case of attack. A fief had to be defended from incursion and the supporting farmland had to be run correctly, proper repairs and improvements had to be made, possibly fortifying key points and collecting taxes. Ministeriales replaced free nobles as castellans under Conrad I of Abensberg's tenure as Archbishop of Salzburg from 1106 to 1147.Hohensalzburg saw its first ministerialis, Henry of Seekirchen, sit as both burgmann and burgrave, overseeing a permanent garrison of subordinate (free) knights.

Originally the Burgmann was paid in kind for his service although he had to provide his own armour. Later, he was given a so-called Burglehn as a remuneration which, from the late 13th century, was a fixed sum of money. From the 13th century on, the rights and duties of the Burgmann could be found to be governed by a written contract, the Burgmannvertrag. In addition to the place and times that a Burgmann had to be present at the castle, it laid down the necessary armament and equipment. The duty to be present - called residence duty (Residenzpflicht) - required the lord of the castle to provide his Burgmänner with a residence free of charge within the castle or at least in its immediate vicinity. Such residences were referred to as the Burgmann's residence (Burgmannsitz), estate (Burggut) or court/farm Burgmannshof.


Burgmann

Many had judicial powers to govern, as in 1111, when the Salzburg burgmann caught a ministerial who fomented armed rebellion - he had the offender blinded for his temerity.

Sometimes several Burgmänner would be resident at one castle and, together, they made up the Burgmannschaft. They were subordinate to the Burgherr or to a castle commandant (Burgkommandant) commissioned by him, who frequently bore the title, burgrave (Burggraf). Because the Burgmann was subject to feudal law (Lehnsrecht), legal disputes involving feudal matters were handled by the burgrave. The noblemen of the Burgmannschaft were often supported in their work by common staff such as gatekeepers (Torwarte) and watchmen (Türmer).

Decline of Use

The residence requirement of the Burgmannen was superseded by the introduction of armed servants or Knechte. With the introduction of such non-aristocratic castle contingents and the move from castles to fortifications in the late Middle Ages, the Burgmann system disappeared, and the Burghut was discharged by Kriegsknechte and mercenaries.

  * German nobility
  * German comital titles

Literature

  * Arnold, Benjamin. German Knighthood 1050-1300. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.
  * Freed, John B. "Nobles, Ministerials and Knights in the Archdiocese of Salzburg" Speculum 62:3 (July 1987) pp. 575–611
  * Freed, John B. Noble Bondsmen: Ministerial Marriages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg, 1100-1343 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995).
  * Horst Wolfgang Böhme, Reinhard Friedrich, Barbara Schock-Werner (ed.): Wörterbuch der Burgen, Schlösser und Festungen. Philipp Reclam, Stuttgart, 2004, ISBN 3-15-010547-1, pp. 100–101.
  * Lexikon des Mittelalters. Vol 2. dtv, Munich, 2002, ISBN 3-423-59057-2, col. 965–966, 1055.
  * Burgmannen in the glossary at regionalgeschichte.net


Cape Upstart National Park

Cape Upstart is a national park in the locality of Guthalungra in the Whitsunday Region local government area of North Queensland, Australia, km northwest of Brisbane.

The Juru Clan of the Birri-Gubba Tribal Group lived on Cape Upstart for thousands of years.

Cultural Importance of Cape Upstart

There are numerous middens in the sand dunes of Cape Upstart to demonstrate the connection of the Juru People to Cape Upstart.Gubulla Munda (the Carpet Snake) when creating the land and islands inhabited by the Juru people and the paths followed by Gubulla Munda (the totem of the Juru Clan) in the Gubulla Munda Dreaming (the creation story of the Juru and Birri-Gubba People).

Cape Upstart was named by Lieutenant James Cook on 5 June 1770 during his voyage along the eastern coast of Australia in HM Bark Endeavour.

Europeans, mostly from the nearby Burdekin farming community, began - in the early twentieth century - building semi-permanent huts on the Cape's western foreshores. By the start of the twenty-first century these had mostly been replaced by permanent structures used mostly for recreational purposes, a small permanent population having also taken up residency by then.

Native Title

In 2011 Justice Rares of the Federal Court of Australia recognised that the Juru People retained Native Title over Cape Upstart National Park.Juru People to get their Native Title recognised over Cape Upstart National Park. The Process was originally started by Peter Prior (Gulumba) in 1992 and was completed by his daughter, Renarta Prior (Gootha) in 2012.

  * Protected areas of Queensland
  * SS Gothenburg

1943 extract from the logbook of the Australian Army's small ship 'Bremer' (AM81), which anchored at Cape on 17 August.


Cape Unicorns Polocrosse Club

Location

The Cape Unicorns Polocrosse ClubPaarl Diamant equestrian school, situated next to the R44 (Western Cape) on the Western side of Paarl Mountain, within the Western Cape province of South Africa.

Affiliation

The club is affiliated to the Western Province Polocrosse Association, which is affiliated to the Polocrosse Association of South Africa (PASA).

Achievements

2008

The Cape Unicorns A-Division team emerged as the winners of the 2008 South African Polocrosse Championships, where 39 teams from throughout South Africa competed at the Noodsberg Country Club in Kwazulu-Natal.

2007

Jan Albert Steenkamp represented the Cape Unicorns within the South African national team during the 2007 Polocrosse World Cup, held in Australia at Morgan Park in the city of Warwick, Queensland.

  * "Paarl Post - Crossing borders"
  * "Polocrosse Worldwide - South African Polocrosse Clubs"


Hajji Eynak

Hajji Eynak (Persian: حاجي اينك, also Romanized as Ḩājjī ‘Eynak and Ḩājjī Īnak; also known as Āqbolāgh)Anguran Rural District, Anguran District, Mahneshan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 5 families.


Hajji Alvan

Hajji Alvan (Persian: حاجي الوان, also Romanized as Ḩājjī Alvān and Ḩājī Alvān)village in Cham Rud Rural District, Bagh-e Bahadoran District, Lenjan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 214, in 59 families.


Hajji Bala Beyglu

Hajji Bala Beyglu (Persian: حاجي بالابيگلو, also Romanized as Ḩājjī Bālā Beyglū; also known as Bal and Bel)Anjirlu Rural District, in the Central District of Bileh Savar County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 173, in 42 families.


Hajji Deh

Hajji Deh (Persian: حاجي ده, also Romanized as Ḩājjī Deh; also known as Ḩājad and Khadzhidy)Dasht-e Veyl Rural District, Rahmatabad and Blukat District, Rudbar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 137, in 45 families.


Hohenfels

Hohenfels may refer to:

Place names
  * Hohenfels, Konstanz municipality in Landkreis Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg, near Stockach
  * Hohenfels, Bavaria municipality in Landkreis Neumarkt in Oberpfalz in Bavaria.
  * suburb of Albbruck in Landkreis Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg
  * suburb of Hohenfels-Essingen in Landkreis Vulkaneifel in Rheinland-Pfalz
Castles
  * Château de Hohenfels in the municipality of Dambach in the Alsace, France
  * Hohenfels Castle (Allendorf) in the municipality of Dautphetal in Hesse, Germany
  * Hohenfels Castle (Upper Palatinate) in the municipality of Hohenfels, Bavaria, Germany
  * Hohenfels Castle (Hohenfels) in the municipality of Hohenfels, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  * Hohenfels Castle (Palatinate) in the municipality of Imsbach, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
  * Hohenfels Castle (Sipplingen) in the municipality of Sipplingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Villa
  * Villa Hohenfels in Vienna
Families
  * Burkart von Hohenfels
  * Stella Freifrau von Hohenfels-Berger (1857−1920)
  * House of Hohenfels (Hesse), a Hessian noble family


Hohenhorn

Hohenhorn is a municipality in the district of Herzogtum Lauenburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.


Charitable contribution deductions in the United States

Charitable contribution deductions for United States Federal Income Tax purposes are defined in section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code as contributions to or for the use of certain nonprofit enterprises.

Exclusions of certain amounts from deduction

Certain portions of the market value of non-cash donations, such as short-term capital gains, are made non-deductible by I.R.C. 170(e)(1)(A).

Organization eligibility

An organization must meet certain requirements set forth in the code. Some organizations must also file a request with the Internal Revenue Service to gain status as a tax-exempt non-profit charitable organization under section 501(c)(3) of the tax code.

A non-exhaustive list of organizations that may meet the Federal requirements are as follows:

  * Synagogues, churches and other religious organizations;
  * A fraternal order or lodge
  * An organization of war veterans
  * Any level of government if the contribution is made for exclusively public purposes
  * An organization dedicated to the improvement of public health in the U.S. or abroad

There are both public and private charities. Public charities are far more common.

Effect of benefit to donor

Contributions to charitable organizations are deductible to the donor, unless the donee organization uses any of its net earnings to benefit a private shareholder, or if it attempts to in any way influence political campaigns or legislation.

A contribution to a charitable organization need not be fully a "gift" in the statutory sense of the word to be deductible to the donor. The donor's allowable deduction will be reduced, however, by the amount of the "substantial benefit" conferred upon them as a result of their contribution.

To illustrate, suppose that the American Cancer Society is hosting a formal dance as a fund-raiser (the ACS is a certified charitable organization). Further suppose that the fair market value of a ticket to the dance is $75, and that the donor pays $375 to purchase a ticket. The donor may claim only a $300 deduction, because the amount contributed ($375) is reduced by the amount of the benefit that he received ($75, the fair market value of the ticket). This holds true even if the donor does not actually attend the dance.


The taxable income of the donor is reduced by $300. If the donor's income was in the 35% income tax bracket both before and after the deduction, the donor's tax liability (amount of taxes owed to the government) is reduced by $105.

Types of contributions

The particular tax consequences of a donor's charitable contribution depends on the type of contribution that he makes. A taxpayer may contribute services, cash, or property to a charity. There are a number of traps, especially that donations of short-term capital gains are generally not tax deductible.

Services

If the donor is contributing his services to a charity, he is not entitled to a deduction for those services. He is however, entitled to deduct his unreimbursed expenses that he incurred in rendering them (except for child care expenses, which are considered non-deductible personal expenses).

Example

Joy is a professional soccer player who lives in San Diego. She decides to volunteer her time at a non-profit (certified charity) soccer camp, located in Los Angeles for a week. In the ordinary course of things, Joy would charge $10,000 for these services, plus costs of transportation, board, and child care. Assume that Joy's driving costs (gas money, oil change, etc.) amount to $150, the cost of a hotel room for the week is $400, and the cost of child care for her two kids is $500 for the week.

Joy is not entitled to deduct the $10,000 value of "free services" that she performed. Nor is she entitled to deduct the $500 of child care expenses incurred in the week she was volunteering. However, Joy may deduct the $150 car expenses, as well as the $400 hotel expenses incurred in her time volunteering at the camp, for a total deduction of $550.

Cash


Cash

If the donor is contributing cash to the charity, the general rule is that there is only one limitation on the total amount that he is entitled to deduct: He may deduct his contribution only to the extent that it does not exceed 50% of his adjusted gross income. Any amount not deducted in the year he makes the contribution may be carried forward and taken the next year for up to five years. Ordinary assets and short-term capital gain assets (see below) are treated like cash for purposes of the 50% cap.

Example

To illustrate, suppose that the donor has an adjusted gross income of $100,000. In the year 2004, he gives $60,000 in cash to the American Cancer Society. The donor may deduct only $50,000 in 2004. Why? Because anything over that amount is in excess of 50% of his adjusted gross income. The remaining $10,000 (60,000 total donation minus 50,000 deducted in 2004) carries forward to 2005, at which point he may deduct it.

Property

If the donor is contributing appreciated property, he is entitled to deduct the value of that property on his tax return for that year. Neither he nor the donee organization will pay tax on the appreciation in the property.

As is common in federal income taxation, there are several special rules and limitations that apply:

Ordinary income-producing property and short-term capital gain property

If the property that the donor is contributing would have produced either only an ordinary gain or a short-term capital gain had he sold it, then he may deduct only his adjusted basis in the contributed property. The taxpayer may not deduct contributions in an amount greater than 50% of his adjusted gross income (AGI) in the year of donation. Any excess may be carried forward for up to five years and may be deducted subject to the same limitations.

Example

Abby, our taxpayer, owns a sporting goods store. Her business is doing well so she decides to donate some of last season's inventory to The Women's Sports Foundation, a certified charitable organization.


Abby's adjusted gross income this year is $700,000. The fair market value of Abby's donated inventory is $600,000. Her adjusted basis in the inventory is $400,000. If Abby had sold the inventory, she would have recognized an ordinary gain of $200,000 (fmv of $600,000 minus adjusted basis of $400,000).

To determine the amount that she may deduct as a charitable contribution, Abby must subtract the ordinary gain inherent in the inventory (the $200,000) from the inventory's fair market value (the $600,000). Thus, the amount of Abby's gift is $400,000 (fmv of $600,000 minus inventory's inherent ordinary gain of $200,000).

But remember, since 50% of Abby's AGI is $350,000 she may deduct no more than that. However – assuming her AGI remains at least $100,001 and that she makes no charitable contributions at all next year – she may carry over the $50,000.

Long-term capital gain property

Charitable donations to public charities and private foundations are subject to overall caps of 50% and 30%, respectively. For example, if a taxpayer contributes cash or short term capital gain property to a public charity, and that cash and property is greater than 50% of his or her adjusted gross income, then any additional contribution (including long term capital gain property) to any charity in that same year can not be deducted.

If a donor is contributing property that would have yielded a long-term capital gain in a sale, then the deduction for the contribution is limited to 30% of donor's adjusted gross income in the year of donation if the donee is a public charity, and limited to 20% if the donee is a private foundation. Contributions over the respective AGI thresholds may be carried forward for five years, and may be deducted in subsequent years pursuant to the same restrictions. This restriction helps certain investors avoid giving themselves into such a low bracket that the tax value of the donation is impaired.

Short-term capital gain property


Short-term capital gain property

A trap for the unwary U.S. investor with an asset on which there have been gains in value who contributes the asset before the gains become long-term. The premature gift forfeits deduction of the short-term gains. The asset can be deducted only up to the amount of its basis, and not up to the amount of its appreciated market value. Only an investor who holds the asset until the capital gains have become long-term is allowed to deduct the appreciated market value.

Internal Revenue Code 170(e)(1)(A) provides:

(e) Certain contributions of ordinary income and capital gain property

(1) General rule The amount of any charitable contribution of property otherwise taken into account under this section shall be reduced by the sum of –

(A) the amount of gain which would not have been long-term capital gain if the property contributed had been sold by the taxpayer at its fair market value (determined at the time of such contribution) ...

Short-term capital loss property

A further trap awaits the unwary U.S. investor who donates depreciated assets – assets on which there have been losses in value – to charity. The gift actually forfeit the tax deductibility of the capital losses, and only the depreciated (low) market value at the time of the gift is allowed to be deducted, rather than the higher basis. However an investor can instead sell the depreciated assets before considering a donation. An investor who sells can realize the resultant capital loss, which may then be deducted under the applicable capital loss rules. The cash proceeds after liquidating the depreciated asset may of course be donated to charity and deducted following the sale, but the tax advantages of making such donation are no better or worse than in any cash donation to charity. In any case, such a course leaves the investor more after-tax assets to donate if so inclined.

  * Davis v. United States (1990)


Charistica walkeri

Charistica walkeri is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1911. It is found from Panama to Colombia.

The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings have a leaden grey basal patch, merging outwardly into tawny purplish fuscous, which reaches to one-third and is bounded on the costa by a cuneiform white costal streak, while from its lower half it sends obliquely upward a sharp steel-grey tooth-like projection into the deep brownish orange band which succeeds it. From each extremity of the white costal streak a dark steel-grey point also projects outward and the broad orange band into which these project is bounded a little beyond the middle of the wing by a rather oblique bright steel-grey fascia, narrowly margined on either side by black, and rather wider on the dorsum than on the costa. This again is succeeded by a deep reddish orange fascia, narrower than the preceding orange band, but somewhat produced outward on the dorsum. Above this dorsal extension is a deep blackish patch extending to the costa and produced outward nearly to the apex, this contains a pair of rather converging silvery white costal streaks and a small spot of steel-grey towards its lower extremity, the space beyond it to the apex and termen, including the cilia, being rich shining purple. The hindwings are dark coppery brown.


I. M. B. Stuart

Ian Malcolm Bowen Stuart (18 September 1902 – 3 August 1969), known as I. M. B. Stuart, was an Anglo-Irish schoolmaster, author and broadcaster in the United Kingdom who migrated to the United States in 1946.

In 1924 he played rugby for Ireland and also for the British Lions, and he later taught and wrote extensively on the game, which he introduced to Harrow School in 1927.

Life

The son of William Henry Stuart, Estates Commissioner for Ireland, by his marriage to Florence Ann Bowen, Stuart was educated at Malvern and Trinity College, Dublin, which he represented at Rugby football, running, and tennis. He was a Medallist in History and political science at Trinity in 1924, graduating MA.Edward Ernest Bowen (1836–1901) a schoolmaster at Harrow and the author of the school song "Forty Years On".

From 1925 to 1927 Stuart was an assistant schoolmaster at St Paul's School, London,Blackheath,Cyril Norwood to implement the introduction of Rugby football to the school.BBC Radio news commentator. He published books on rugby in 1926 and 1930. He was Joint Principal of Marcy's, in Chancery Lane, from 1931 to 1933, then Headmaster of Beaminster Grammar School for two years. From 1935 to 1945 he was head of the Portora Royal School and a Member of the Senate of Queen's University, Belfast.

Migrating to the United States, Stuart served as Director of Student Guidance at Mercersburg Academy in Pennsylvania from 1947 to 1949, then was Director of the Alabama Educational Foundation for four years before joining the Southern States Industrial Council as Director of Public Relations and Education for a further four years. He was Director for Community Relations at the Florists Telegraph Delivery Association from 1957 to 1964.

In his The Theory of Modern Rugby (1930), Stuart complains that the English invented most of the world's games, but lack the ability to win at them.

Stuart married Barbara Millar, of Weybridge, Surrey, and they had one son and two daughters.

Books


I. M. B. Stuart

Books

  * A Text Book on Rugby Football (1926)
  * The Theory of Modern Rugby Football (London: Macmillan, 1930)
  * Reminiscences of a Public School Boy (London: 1932, with William Nichols Marcy)
  * Matriculation English History, 1485–1815 (London: Heinemann, 1934)
  * Scenes Selected from Shakespeare (1934)
  * The Simplified Shakespeare Series, ed. (London: 8 volumes)
  * Thoughts for Johnny (Vulcan Press, 1954)
  * Radio Talks (American Book & Publishing Company, 1964)

Honours

  * Royal Humane Society parchment for gallantry
  * Freedoms Foundation Award, 1960
  * Douglas MacArthur Medal, 1964
  * Daughters of the American Revolution Medal, 1966
  * Congress Freedom Medal, 1966


Clarke v Dickson

Clarke v Dickson (1858) EB & E 148 is an English contract law case concerning misrepresentation. It stands as an example of the restrictive approach common law courts took to rescission for misrepresentation before the leading case of Erlanger v New Sombrero Phosphate Co

Facts

Mr Clarke said he was induced by the three defendants’ statements to take shares in The Welsh Potosi Lead and Copper Mining Company, formed for working on a mine on the cost-book principle. Dividends were declared in 1854-6. Then Mr Clarke accepted fresh allotments in lieu of dividends. In 1857 the company's performance was poor and it was liquidated under the Winding-up Act 1855. Then Mr Clarke discovered that the representations about its cost-book practices were false and fraudulent. He sued to recover deposits for the shares.

Judgment

Crompton J held that the contract could not be rescinded, since the shares were now worthless. He said where someone wants to exercise the voidable option,

...he must be in such a situation as to be able to put the parties into their original state before the contract... But then what did he buy? Shares in a partnership with others. He cannot return those; he has become bound to those others... Take the case I put in argument, of a butcher buying live cattle, killing them, and even selling the meat to his customers. If the rule of law were as the plaintiff contends, that butcher might, upon discovering a fraud on the part of the grazier who sold him the cattle, rescind the contract and get back the whole price: but how could that be consistent with justice?

Erle J and Lord Campbell CJ concurred.

  * English contract law
  * Misrepresentation in English law
  * UK company law


Hassine Bouhageb

Hassine Bouhageb

Hassine Bouhageb (Arabic: حسين بوحاجب) born 20 October 1872 and dead 13 March 1946. He was a Tunisian doctor, educator and a sponsor for the Tunisian sport.

Biography

Hassine's father, Salem Bouhageb was a big reformer, in Europe and especially in Paris, Libourne and Florence. He sent his son to France to study in Lakanal de Sceaux high school.

After graduation, Hassine Bouhageb enrolled in the medical school of Bordeaux where he got his medical doctorate 23 December 1901.

Upon his return to Tunisia, he started the Tunisia renewal and modernization movement with Ali Bach Hamba, Bechir Sfar and Abdeljelil Zaouche.

He represented a good sample of new generation who after finishing their studies abroad, wanted to improve their nation's conditions by continuing the reformist movement that the general Hayreddin Pacha, Mohamed Bayram V and his father started earlier.

On 31 December 1904, Hassine Bouhageb became head of Service in the Sadiki hospital. Later, he got transferred to the Ernest-Conseil hospital. In 1911, he got elected as the headmaster of the Tunisian Muslim Association and the municipal society of Nasria. He led the Ech-Chahama Al Arabya theater troupe between 1915 and 1930.

He had a remarkable contribution during the fight to counter the epidemics that persisted even 30 years after the establishment of the French protectorate of Tunisia. Hassine Bouhageb has a lot of publications about child nutrition and on how to improve nutrition in Tunisia. He is also the initiator of the development of sport activities in Tunisia.

Personal life

Hassine Bouhageb is Salem Bouhageb's son.

He is also Khelil Bouhageb's brother who became grand vizir.


Elías Malpartida

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Malpartida and the second or maternal family name is Franco.

Elías Malpartida

Elías Malpartida Franco (21 July 1844 – 10 August 1922)Peruvian politician. He was Minister of Finance in 1883 and in 1895.Lima from 1914 to 1915 and Prime Minister of Peru from 24 September to 23 December 1912.