Russian embargo of Ukrainian goods

On 14 August 2013, short after the beginning of the embargo, civic movement "Vidsich" called in Social Networks for a boycott of Russian goods to respond the embargo of Ukrainian goods.Presidential Administration of Ukraine activists held an action during which announced the launch of campaign of boycott of Russian goods. Activists launched a massive campaign on the Internet to attract volunteers and activists to work. From 24 August they massively distributed leaflets calling for a boycott in dozens of cities in Ukraine. Since November activists also begun to distribute leaflets calling for not buying goods in Russian stores and not being served in Russian banks. Activists distributing leaflets often faced resistance and attacks from unknown persons, private security or police officers. Since the beginning of Euromaidan in November 2013 campaign lost its scope. However, activists announced the restoration of campaign in March 2014 after the beginning of "Crimean crisis".

International response

On 28 August 2013 the European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs held an emergency meeting on the situation in Egypt and Ukraine. The initiator of the extraordinary session was chairman of the committee Elmar Brok.G20 summit in Saint Petersburg and pass a resolution about the support of Ukraine.

Government of Germany, commenting the trade embargo, called on Russia to respect the right of Ukraine for the close relationship with European Union.

On 12 September 2013 The European Parliament have adopted the resolution on Russia's pressure on the countries of Eastern Partnership and called on the European Union leadership to protect Ukraine, Moldova and Armenia. The European Parliament called on the European Commission and the European External Action Service to consider Russia's actions being beyond the economy and being in a political dimension.

On 25 September 2013 the European Parliament supported the introduction of restrictions against the import of Russian goods in response to the same actions against countries of Eastern Partnership. If Russia introduces visa restrictions for citizens of these countries it will get "mirrored" measures for their citizens. In addition, the European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs asked to ensure compliance with the European laws by Russian companies.

On 23 November 2013, after the announcement by Cabinet of Ukraine about suspension of the process of signing of association agreement with the EU and after the beginning of Euromaidan, Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel said she wants to talk to the president Vladimir Putin about stopping the pressure on Ukraine.

Causes


Russian embargo of Ukrainian goods

Causes

According to the investigation of "Zerkalo Nedeli" newspaper, the reason for the embargo of Ukrainian production is pressure on the Ukrainian government to disrupt the signing of association agreement with the EU, scheduled to sign at the November 2013, Vilnius Summit. The newspaper describes the events as opening of the first front of "economic war" against Ukraine. This is indicated in the investigation that Russia wants to maintain its influence over Ukraine.

Opinions of experts and politicians

  * Ukrainian political scientist, political strategist, analyst and director of the Institute of Global Strategies Vadim Karasyov said:

Reason for such actions of Russia is Ukraine's intent to sign Association Agreement and Free Trade Area Agreement with the European Union. That is European integration to EU. Thats why Russia if not to disrupt then to complicate process of signing of Association Agreement between Ukraine and EU at the Vilnius Summit of Eastern Partnership in November of 2013 starts total economic embargo of Ukraine instead of local temporary trade conflicts.

  * Prime Minister of Ukraine Mykola Azarov
      + Linkins problems in trade relations with Russia with the development and structuring of "Customs Union" (15 August 2013)
      + "Customs problems with the supply of Ukrainian goods to Russia occurred because the Ukrainian companies did not react on warnings of Russian customs about possible regime change." (21 August 2013)
  * Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden Carl Bildt said that Russia started trade confrontation with Ukraine to block its relations with the European Union (16 August 2013).
  * Foreign Minister of Lithuania Linas Linkyavichus called the introduction of intensive inspections of all Ukrainian goods crossing the Russian border a clear response to Ukraine's intends to sign an Association Agreement with the EU.
  * Russian analyst Alexei Portanskiy, Professor of Department of World Economy and World Politics of the High School of Economy suggests that in a such hard way Russia is trying to make it clear to the Ukraine that Ukraine's economic interests are in the Russian market.
  * Co-Chairman of "Business Russia" Anton Danilov-Danilyan:

I do not think this story has a political background. The actions of our customs on the Russian-Ukrainian border show that they decided to discover where we have the most significant shortfall in imports, and plug these holes.


Russian embargo of Ukrainian goods

* According to the chairman of the State Duma Committee for CIS Leonid Slutsky, this is just a bureaucratic issue because Ukraine is not a member of the Customs Union. Slutsky hopes that by the end of August 2013 the customs services of the both countries will overcome all difficulties.
  * A member of the political council of Party of Regions Aleksey Plotnikov stated that the current trade and economic situation between Ukraine and Russia must not be qualified as war, only as a manifestation of panic of Russia which have lost (2 September 2013).
  * According to the former President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko, trade war which was really launched by Russia, is a manifestation of trying to achieve political goals by the means of economic blackmail, and the real purpose is permanent elimination of independence of Ukraine.

Effects

According to the Federation of Employers of Ukraine in the beginning of the embargo the loss for Ukraine from the Russia's actions can reach $2–2,5 billion in the second half of 2013.

According to Ukrainian experts as for 22 August 2013 the 10-days embargo on the Russian border can hit some manufacturers, but the scale of losses in whole Ukraine is only ₴500 million. Experts also believe that the unpredictable behaviour of Russia will force Ukrainian businessmen to seek new markets for their products, as well as make supporters of joining the "Customs Union" change their mind.

On 24 August 2013 on Radio "Liberty" MP of European Parliament Pawel Kowal published an article in which he suggested that the situation of tension in relations between Ukraine and Russia is just the beginning of the pressure that will continue and increase.

Sociologist, Director of "Democratic initiatives" Irina Bekeshkina said that Ukraine at the end of August 2013 is winning information war with Russia. However, according to experts, Russia will enhance the information and economic impact on Ukraine.Russian Embassy in Ukraine Igor Sevastiyanov indirectly confirmed this statement, saying this embargo is "training".

Also, according to Radio "Liberty" with reference to the heads of the companies in the end of August 2013 it was reported that some Ukrainian companies through the trade confrontation between Ukraine and Russia are shifting to other markets. Some companies do not feel any problems with exports.


Russian embargo of Ukrainian goods

Representatives of EU said they are ready to introduce additional steps to support Ukraine - from simplification of visa for Ukraine to financial help. Also, EU thinks about complication of access to European market for Russian goods.

  * 2005–06 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute
  * Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement
  * 2014 Crimean crisis


Ovenna guineacola

Ovenna guineacola is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Strand in 1912. It is found in Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda.


Redoubt Glacier

Redoubt Glacier is in North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington, on the east slopes of Mount Redoubt.8,400-foot (2,600 m) point on the east slope of Mount Redoubt then has a south terminus near 7,200 ft (2,200 m). The glacier then has a shallow gradient for most of its course before descending north on a wide 1.5 mi (2.4 km) front to 6,500 ft (2,000 m). Melt from the glacier feeds into Depot Creek which flows into Chilliwack Lake. The Depot Glacier lies to the west of Redoubt Glacier.

  * List of glaciers in the United States


Keith Parker

For the long jump athlete, see Keith Parker (athlete).

Keith Edward Parker (born January 30, 1945)Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Moose Jaw North from 1982 to 1986 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative.

He was born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, the son of Ernest E. Parker, and was educated at the University of Saskatchewan and the University of Regina. In 1965, Parker married Darlene Marie Anhorn.Glenn Hagel when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1986.


Shusaku Tokita

Shusaku Tokita (鴇田 周作, Tokita Shūsaku, born September 9, 1990) is a Japanese football player.Japan Soccer College.

Playing career

Shusaku Tokita played for Matsumoto Yamaga FC, Fukushima United FC, Grulla Morioka and Azul Claro Numazu from 2013 to 2015. He moved to Japan Soccer College in 2016.

  * Shusaku Tokita at J.League (archive) (in Japanese)


Leisure Process

Leisure Process were a British new wave duo formed in the early 1980s. They consisted of Ross Middleton, previously of post-punk Glasgow band Positive Noise,sax player Gary Barnacle.Epic Records and all singles were produced by Martin Rushent.John Peel on 10 March 1982.

Singles

Leisure Process released four singles on the Epic label:

  * "Love Cascade" (1982)
  * "A Way You'll Never Be" (1982) (featuring Mark King and Phil Gould of Level 42)
  * "Cashflow" (1982) (featuring backing vocals by The G-Spots, Karen Howarth and Karen Concannon)
  * "Anxiety" (1983)
  * Gary Barnacle
  * Martin Rushent
  * Leisure Process at Discogs.com


Vosmoye Marta

Vosmoye Marta (Russian: Восьмое Марта) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Zaplavnenskoye Rural Settlement, Leninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 257 as of 2010.

Geography

Vosmoye Marta is located on the left bank of the Akhtuba River, 24 km northwest of Leninsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zaplavnoye is the nearest rural locality.


Manetti

Manetti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

  * Antonio Manetti (1423–1497), Italian mathematician and architect
  * Domenico Manetti (1609–1663), Italian painter
  * Giannozzo Manetti (1396–1459), Italian politician and diplomat
  * Larry Manetti (born 1947), American actor
  * Ricardo Mannetti (born 1975), Namibian footballer
  * Rutilio di Lorenzo Manetti, (c. 1571 – 1639), Italian painter
  * Saverio Manetti (1723–1785), Italian physician, botanist and ornithologist
  * Teresa Maria Manetti, (1846–1910), Italian Roman Catholic nun


New Finance Bank

New Finance Bank (NFB), whose complete name is New Finance Bank Malawi Limited is a commercial bank in Malawi. It is one of the commercial banks licensed by the Reserve Bank of Malawi, the central bank and national banking regulator.

Location

The bank's headquarters and main branch are located in Mwai House, at 13/112 Independence Drive, in the central business district of the city of Lilongwe, the capital and administrative headquarters of Malawi.

Overview

The bank received a banking licence from the Reserve Bank of Malawi on 13 May 2014 and began commercial transactions on 24 July 2014. New Finance Bank Malawi Limited has one subsidiary, NFB Forex Bureau, where it maintains 100 percent ownership.

Branches

As of April 2018, New Finance Bank maintained six networked branches and eleven automated teller machines, including at the following locations:

 1. Lilongwe Old Town Branch: CIL House, Lilongwe
 2. Lilongwe City Centre Branch: Mwai House, Independence Drive, City Centre, Lilongwe (Main Branch)
 3. Gateway Mall Branch: Gateway Mall, City Centre, Lilongwe
 4. Blantyre Branch: Median House, Opposite Malawi Stock Exchange, Victoria Avenue, Blantyre
 5. Limbe Branch: City Plaza Building, Limbe
 6. Dzaleka Branch: Dzaleka Refugee Camp, Dowa
  * Note: Dzaleka Refugee Camp is located about 9 kilometres (6 mi), west of Dowa, in Dowa District, in the Central Region of Malawi.

Ownership

As of April 2018, the stock of the bank, was owned by the following entities:

New Finance Bank Stock Ownership
Rank  Name of Owner                    Percentage Ownership
1     MyBucks of Luxembourg            50.0
2     Finsbury Investment of Scotland  50.0
      Total                            100.00

  * List of banks in Malawi
  * Reserve Bank of Malawi
  * Economy of Malawi
  * Website of New Finance Bank
  * Website of Reserve Bank of Malawi


Many Glaciers Pond

Many Glaciers Pond ( 77°36′S 163°19′E / 77.600°S 163.317°E) is a pond, 0.3 nautical miles (0.6 km) long, located 0.5 nautical miles (1 km) south of the snout of Commonwealth Glacier in Taylor Valley, Victoria Land, Antarctica. The pond is part of the Aiken Creek system and receives drainage from several glaciers including Commonwealth Glacier, Wales Glacier and the unnamed glacier next westward. The name was suggested by United States Geological Survey (USGS) hydrologist Diane McKnight, leader of USGS field teams that studied the hydrology of streams entering Lake Fryxell, Taylor Valley, over the period 1987–94.

[Public Domain] This article incorporates public domain material from "Many Glaciers Pond". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.


Russian famine

Russian famine may refer to:

  * Russian famine of 1601–03
  * Russian famine of 1891–92
  * Russian famine of 1921–22
  * Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union


Nike Kornecki

Nike Kornecki (born August 18, 1982) is an Israeli Olympic sailor, and competes in the 470 Class double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centerboard, Bermuda rig, and center sheeting.

Biography

Kornecki is Jewish, and was born in Italy.

Sailing career

In 2000, she partnered with Vered Buskila, and in 2001 they won a bronze medal at the European Championships in Ireland.470 World Championship in Zadar, Croatia.

They competed on behalf of Israel at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, in the Women's 470 Class Two-Person Dinghy, and came in 18th.

They competed on behalf of Israel at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, in the Women's 470 Class Two-Person Dinghy, and came in fourth.

  * Nike Kornecki at World Sailing
  * Nike Kornecki at Olympics.com
  * Nike Kornecki at Olympedia


Redoutable-class submarine

Redoutable-class submarine may refer to one of the following classes of submarine for the French Navy:

  * Redoutable-class submarine (1928)
  * Redoutable-class submarine (1967)


Richard Ashman

Richard Gerald Alfred Ashman (24 November 1899 – 15 May 1965) was a South African cricketer and cricket umpire.

In domestic first-class cricket, Ashman played six games as a wicket-keeper for Orange Free State from December 1931 to December 1932.

Ashman umpired 24 first-class matches in South Africa between 1931 and 1950.Test umpiring career commenced in 1935 when he officiated in the second South Africa–Australia Test at Johannesburg in December.

  * Richard Ashman at ESPNcricinfo


Shusei Tanaka

Shūsei Tanaka (田中秀征, Tanaka Shũsei, born 30 September 1940) is a Japanese politician.

Overviews

He was first elected to the House of Representatives in the 1972 general election and represented the Nagano Prefecture first district. Following a revamp of the electoral system, he lost his seat to Kenji Kosaka in the 1996 general election.

Career

with members of First Hashimoto Cabinet (at the Prime Minister's Official Residence on January 11, 1996)

He was born in present-day Nagano City. Originally a member of the Liberal Democratic Party, he co-founded New Party Sakigake in 1993 and served as a senior advisor to Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa from 1993 to 1994. He later returned to the LDP and served as Director-General of the Economic Planning Agency under Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto.2014 gubernatorial election.


Leisure Knoll, New Jersey

Leisure Knoll is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP)Manchester Township, in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 2,490.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 0.895 square miles (2.317 km2), including 0.888 square miles (2.299 km2) of land and 0.007 square miles (0.018 km2) of water (0.80%).

Demographics

Historical population
Census               Pop.   Note  %±
1990                 2,707        —
2000                 2,467        −8.9%
2010                 2,490        0.9%
2020                 2,562        2.9%
Population sources:
1990-2010
2010

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 2,490 people, 1,499 households, and 738 families in the CDP. The population density was 2,805.5 per square mile (1,083.2/km2). There were 1,627 housing units at an average density of 1,833.1 per square mile (707.8/km2). The racial makeup was 97.59% (2,430) White, 1.41% (35) Black or African American, 0.00% (0) Native American, 0.36% (9) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 0.20% (5) from other races, and 0.44% (11) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.89% (47) of the population.

Of the 1,499 households, 0.1% had children under the age of 18; 44.2% were married couples living together; 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present and 50.8% were non-families. Of all households, 48.0% were made up of individuals and 42.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.57 and the average family size was 2.09.


Leisure Knoll, New Jersey

0.2% of the population were under the age of 18, 0.5% from 18 to 24, 1.7% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 79.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 75.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 65.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 65.1 males.

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States Censuspopulation density was 1,082.4/km2 (2,788.1/mi2). There were 1,634 housing units at an average density of 716.9/km2 (1,846.7/mi2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.87% White, 0.45% African American, 0.28% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 0.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.73% of the population.

There were 1,540 households, out of which none had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 3.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.1% were non-families. 43.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 40.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.60 and the average family size was 2.06.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 0.1% under the age of 18, 0.2% from 18 to 24, 1.1% from 25 to 44, 13.9% from 45 to 64, and 84.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 75 years. For every 100 females, there were 68.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.8 males.


Leisure Knoll, New Jersey

The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,207, and the median income for a family was $41,741. Males had a median income of $41,964 versus $27,727 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $25,012. About 1.6% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 1.2% of those age 65 or over.


Murphys Ice Cream

Murphys Ice Cream is a food company based in Dingle, County Kerry, Ireland. It uses the milk of Kerry cattle

Expansions

In 2003, Murphys Ice Cream expanded into a new production facility and began supplying local restaurants and shops. In 2005, Murphys Ice Cream opened a second shop on Main Street in Killarney. In 2006, Murphys Ice Cream began using milk from Kerry cattle to support the indigenous breed.Dublin shop on Wicklow Street as well as a seasonal one in Tig Áine's, Ballyferriter.

  * Official website


Manettia holwayi

Manettia holwayi is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.


USAV Essayons (1949 ship)

USAV Essayons was a hopper dredge of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. At the time of her construction, she was the largest hopper dredge ever built. She was the flagship of the Army Corps of Engineers dredge fleet. Her primary mission was to maintain the entrance to New York Harbor and other East Coast ports, but she was employed all around the United States and at several international locations. She was launched in 1949 and retired in 1980.

Construction and characteristics

Essayons was designed by the Army Corps of Engineers Marine Division staff in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was built by Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Chester, Pennsylvania. Her keel was laid on June 19, 1947, and she was launched on August 25, 1949.Lewis A. Pick, Chief of Engineers of the U.S. Army, was the keynote speaker at the ceremony. His wife, Alice Pick, christened the vessel. After her sea trials, she was commissioned on January 16, 1950.

The ship was assigned to the New York District of the Army Corps of Engineers upon commissioning. She was transferred to the Philadelphia District on June 24, 1961.

Essayons was 525.17 feet (160.07 m) long and had a beam of 72 feet (22 m). Her hull was constructed of welded steel plates. Her maximum draft was 28 feet (8.5 m) when her hoppers were loaded with dredging spoil. She displaced 9,968 long tons when light, and 21,808 long tons with a full load of dredging spoil. Her hull contained twelve hoppers which could hold, in total, up to 8,000 cubic yards of dredging spoil. These hoppers ran for 180 feet (55 m) of the ship's length.

Cut-away view of Essayons


USAV Essayons (1949 ship)

Cut-away view of Essayons

Essaysons was propelled by two four-bladed propellers which were 16 feet (4.9 m) in diameter.turbo-electric engines which developed 4,000 horsepower each. She was capable of speeds up to 17.3 knots (19.9 mph) when lightly loaded, and 16.55 knots (19.05 mph) with her hoppers full. The ship's two oil-fired boilers developed high-pressure steam (575 psig) for propulsion and electrical generation.barrels of bunker C fuel, giving her an unrefueled cruising range of approximately 7,700 statute miles.ping-pong table, a six-bed medical dispensary, laundry facilities, a cook staff and full galley for meal service, and separate dining rooms for officers and men.

Essayons was at least the third vessel of that name to serve with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the second dredge. An earlier Essayons was built in 1868 to dredge the mouth of the Mississippi. "Essayons" is the motto of the Corps. It is a French word which means "Let us try."

Operating history

Dredging operations

Essayons was designed to dredge New York Harbor. She sucked sand, silt, and mud off the bottom of navigable waterways to increase their depth, creating a channel allowing larger ships to pass. She pulled two suctionheads, referred to as "dragheads", along the seafloor as she moved slowly through the water. The dragheads were connected to pipes which were 36 inches (91 cm) in diameter called "drag arms" that descended from both sides of the ship. Using two winches each, these drag arms could be lowered to reach bottom as deep as 60 feet (18 m). Loose material on the seafloor entered the dragheads and was pulled up through the drag arms by 1,850 horsepower electric pumps. It was then deposited in a hopper in the middle of the ship. All the hoppers were filled after one to two hours of dredging.Sandy Hook. Here she opened doors in the bottom of the hoppers, allowing the dredge spoil to fall to the sea bottom. The uniquely long transit associated with the disposal areas off New York Harbor resulted in a design which gave her twice the hopper capacity and significantly higher speed than other dredges at that time.


USAV Essayons (1949 ship)

While Essayons was designed to dredge New York Harbor and spent much of her time doing so, she was capable of dredging any major waterway. Among the areas where she worked were:

  * Baltimore Harbor
  * Columbia River
  * Guantanamo Bay
  * Pensacola Bay
  * Mississippi River Delta
  * Mobile Bay
  * Suez Canal
  * Tampa Bay
  * York River
  *

Suez Canal Dredging

The United States government, which had backed Egypt through the Suez Crisis in 1956, leased Essayons to the Suez Canal Authority to assist in widening the canal and repairing damage from the war. An agreement between the two governments was signed in December 1958. The Egyptian government was charged $8,000 per day, $1,600 less than was charged to domestic clients.US State Department recommended the Corps of Engineers lease "in the interest of international goodwill".President Eisenhower approved the deal.

Essayons left New York Harbor on March 5, 1959.Essayons deepened the roadstead and harbor in Port Said, the northern and southern anchorages in Great Bitter Lake, and the main channel through the lake itself. All told, she dredged 10 million cubic yards. She encountered two major issues while working on this project. Despite her experience in busy New York Harbor, the number of ships moving through the canal and roadsteads proved to be a constant challenge. A special set of signal lights was established to prevent collisions. A second issue was the intensely salty water in Great Bitter Lake. She had difficulty evaporating seawater to provide fresh water for the boilers. Her crew had to clean the evaporators more frequently than normal to keep the salt at bay. She finished her work in Egypt on September 13, 1959.

Retirement


USAV Essayons (1949 ship)

Retirement

The commercial dredging industry had long resented having to compete with government ships for new contracts. They were supported in Congress, and no new dredges were built for the Corps of Engineers between 1967 and 1980.Essayons in capability. Further, Essayons, with its large crew, had become economically uncompetitive as dredging technology advanced over 30 years. The ship was decommissioned on March 24, 1980.Essayons was moored in the U.S. Maritime Administration reserve fleet in the James River.Essayons could not be sold for scrap. She was instead designated as a target vessel and was to be sunk for target practice. Congressional investigators found that $2.3 million of salable materials would be sunk with her and stopped that plan.India where she was broken up. She left on her final voyage in November 1991.


Many Clouds

For the television episode named for the racehorse, see Many Clouds (Pennyworth).

Many Clouds (21 April 2007 – 28 January 2017) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 2015 Grand National. After being sold as a foal, he was sent to England and trained for a National Hunt racing career by Oliver Sherwood.

He won a National Hunt Flat race and two Novice hurdle races before moving to steeplechases as a six-year-old in the autumn of 2013. In his first season over fences, he won twice as well as finishing second in the Grade 2 Reynoldstown Novices' Chase and fourth in the Grade 1 Mildmay Novices' Chase. He emerged as a top-class chaser in the following season, winning his first three races including the Hennessy Gold Cup and the Cotswold Chase before disappointing when strongly fancied for the Cheltenham Gold Cup. On 11 April 2015, ridden as in all of his previous races by Leighton Aspell, he carried 11 stone 9 pound to victory in the Grand National at Aintree Racecourse.

Many Clouds won one race in the following season but finished unplaced when joint-favourite for the 2016 Grand National. In January 2017, he beat the previously undefeated Thistlecrack in winning his second Cotswold Chase but collapsed and died of an exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage

Background

Many Clouds was a "big, old-fashioned"County Cork. He was one of several good jumpers sired by Cloudings, a son of Sadler's Wells, who won the Prix Lupin in 1997.Royal Bond Novice Hurdle and the Future Champions Novice Hurdle.

In November 2007, Many Clouds was consigned as a colt foal to the Tattersalls sales where he was bought for €6,000 by Highflyer Bloodstock.Upper Lambourn in Berkshire and ridden in all of his races by Leighton Aspell.

Racing career

2011–12 National Hunt season

Many Clouds began his racing career in National Hunt Flat races. He won on his debut at Wetherby Racecourse in February but then finished behind Champagne Fever at the Cheltenham Festival in March and behind The New One at Aintree in April.

2012–13 National Hunt season


Many Clouds

2012–13 National Hunt season

In his second season, Many Clouds ran in Novice hurdle races. After finishing second at Aintree in October, he won over two and a half miles at Ascot Racecourse a month later. He went on to finish second at Wetherby and win at Exeter Racecourse before being moved up in class and finishing second in the Grade 3 European Breeders' Fund Novices' Handicap Hurdle Final at Sandown Park in March. On his final start of the season, he was matched against more experienced hurdlers in the Injured Jockeys Fund Handicap Hurdle at Aintree in April but was pulled up by Aspell two flights from home.

2013–14 National Hunt season

Many Clouds began to race over fences in the following season, competing in novice chases. On his debut over the larger obstacles, he won over two and a half miles at Carlisle Racecourse in November, beating the highly regarded Holywell into third place.Haydock Park before winning at odds of 8/15 at Wetherby in December. At Ascot on 15 February he was stepped up in class for the Grade 2 Reynoldstown Novices' Chase and finished second, beaten two and a half lengths by O'Faolains Boy. He made his second appearance at the Cheltenham Festival in March when he started a 16/1 outsider for the Grade 1 RSA Chase in which he was brought down at the fourteenth fence. He ended his first season as a chaser by finishing fourth to Holywell in the Mildmay Novices' Chase at Aintree.

2014–15 National Hunt season

Many Clouds began his next season in the Colin Parker Memorial Chase at Carlisle in November. He took the lead three fences from the finish and won from the favourite Eduard (winner of the Future Champion Novices' Chase), with Holywell fifteen lengths back in third.Newbury Racecourse. Starting at odds of 8/1 in a nineteen-runner field, he took the lead at the last fence and stayed on strongly to win by three and a quarter lengths form Houblon des Obeaux.


Many Clouds

In January, Many Clouds started at odds of 4/1 for the Grade 2 Cotswold Chase at Cheltenham. He disputed the lead from the start and stayed on strongly over the last two fences to win from Smad Place, Dynaste, The Giant Bolster, and Black Thunder. The performance established Many Clouds as a leading contender for the Cheltenham Gold Cup. After the race Sherwood said, "I think he's improved again and his confidence is sky-high. Leighton was adamant there would be no pace and he would be handy. I think he was dossing after the last, there's a bit more to come and he's a live Gold Cup horse."Cheltenham Gold Cup. After racing in mid-division, he stayed on in the closing stages without ever looking likely to win and finished sixth behind Coneygree.

For the Grand National on 11 April Many Clouds was assigned a weight of 11 stone 9 pounds (163 pounds), one pound below the topweight Lord Windermere. Sherwood had wanted to wait until the following year to run the horse in the race but was over-ruled by Hemmings and Aspell.Red Rum in 1974. He is also the first horse to win both the Hennessy Gold Cup and Grand National in the same season.

2015–16 National Hunt season

On his first appearance since his Aintree win, Many Clouds started the 9/2 third favourite for the Charlie Hall Chase at Wetherby but finished last of the six finishers behind Cue Card.Don Poli, to whom he was conceding five pounds.Kelso Racecourse on 5 March but the meeting was abandoned and rearranged to take place eight days later. Starting the 11/10 favourite Many Clouds took the lead at the fourth fence and went on to win by ten lengths from Unioniste.Grand National, behind winner Rule the World.

2016–17 National Hunt season


Many Clouds

2016–17 National Hunt season

In his first race since the Grand National, Many Clouds won on his return to Aintree in December, beating Le Mercurey by three and a half lengths.Thistlecrack (the 4/9 favourite), Smad Place, and Silviniaco Conti. After jumping well throughout the race, Many Clouds took the lead four fences from the finish and fought off the sustained challenge of Thistlecrack to win by a head in a photo-finish.exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.Sizing John.

Pedigree

Pedigree of Many Clouds (IRE), bay gelding, 2007
Sire                    Sadler's Wells (USA)
Cloudings (IRE)         1981                  Northern Dancer  Nearctic
1994
Natalma
Fairy Bridge            Bold Reason
Special
Ispahan (IRE)           Rusticaro             Caro
1981
Rustica
Royal Danseuse          Prince Chevalier
Star Dancer
Dam                     Bob Back (USA)
Bobbing Back (IRE)      1981                  Roberto          Hail To Reason
1997
Bramalea
Toter Back              Carry Back
Romantic Miss
Ballyvooney (GB)        Salluceva             Sallust
1986
Aliceva
Leveret                 Le Bavard
Merry Palm (Family 22)

  * Career 1-2-3 Colour Chart – Many Clouds


Ramsaran

Ramsaran is an Indian politician and a member of the Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh in India.Sri Nagar constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Samajwadi Party political party. Ramsaran belongs to the scheduled caste community.

Early life and education

Ramsaran was born in Lakhimpur Kheri district. He holds Bachelor of Arts degree (alma mater not known).

Political career

Ramsaran has been a MLA for one term. He represented the Sri Nagar constituency and is a member of the Samajwadi Party political party.

Posts held

#   From  To    Position                           Comments
01  2012  2017  Member, 16th Legislative Assembly

  * Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh
  * Sri Nagar (Assembly constituency)
  * Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly


Oleksandr Kovalov

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming conventions, the patronymic is Ivanovych and the family name is Kovalov.

Oleksandr Ivanovych Kovalov (Ukrainian: Олександр Іванович Ковальов; born 7 October 1967) is a Ukrainian former soldier and politician currently serving as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from Ukraine's 51st electoral district since 29 August 2019. A veteran of the Soviet–Afghan War, Kovalov was a leader of protests against attempts by the government of Viktor Yanukovych to eliminate pensions of veterans and Chernobyl liquidators before later allegedly supporting the Anti-Maidan movement and assisting in the flight of Berkut members from Ukraine. He currently holds the record for the fewest votes received by a successful People's Deputy candidate, having received only 220 votes in his 2019 election.

Early life and career

Oleksandr Ivanovych Kovalov was born on 7 October 1967 in Makiivka in Donetsk Oblast within the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.Soviet–Afghan War as a paratrooper,

Afghanistan veteran leadership

Kovalov has been described by various sources, including newspaper Ukrainska Pravda, as a leader of Ukrainian veterans of the Soviet–Afghan War.Ukrainian: «Ніхто крім нас», romanized: «Nikhto krim nas») organisation, representing veterans,

2011–2012 veterans' protests

In 2011, Kovalov was a leading organiser of the 20 September "Afganets riot", in which Afghanistan veterans and Chernobyl liquidators protesting the 2011 Ukrainian pension reformVerkhovna Rada building, as well as subsequent protests.


Oleksandr Kovalov

On a commemoration of the anniversary of withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan on 15 February 2012, President Viktor Yanukovych was present at a ceremony. Upon Yanukovych's appearance at the commemoration, veterans affiliated with "Nobody But Us" turned away from him, in protest to the curtailing of benefits by Yanukovych's government. The event was met with criticism from other veterans' organisations, with head of the Ukrainian Union of Afghan Veterans Serhiy ChervonopyskyiNatalia Korolevska.Prime Minister Mykola Azarov also spoke strongly against the activists responsible, accusing "provocateurs" of turning Afghanistan veterans against the government.

Following the incident, Kovalov claimed he was being targeted by the Ukrainian authorities, stating that tax officials had conducted a search of his offices and that the Ministry of Internal Affairs had asked him to leave the country. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and the denied the claims, issuing a statement saying, "All of Kovalov's statements are untrue and lies."

In 2012, following another proposal by First Vice Prime Minister Serhiy Tihipko to cut the benefits of Afghanistan veterans, Kovalov staged protests outside the Verkhovna Rada building, accusing Tihipko of being "a pinnacle of hypocrisy and cynicism," for his claims that there were Afghanistan veterans receiving benefits while having incomes above ₴10,000 per family member.

Support for Anti-Maidan and Berkut

The role of Kovalov and "Nobody But Us" during Euromaidan and the Revolution of Dignity has been disputed. In the aftermath of the Revolution of Dignity, "Nobody But Us" claimed that they had supported protesters. However, others, including within the organisation, have disputed this, saying that Kovalov was a supporter of Anti-Maidan and a supporter of the Titushky.Berkut from Ukraine, as well as hiding evidence of the killing of protesters by the Berkut. He has denied explicitly supporting the Berkut or working alongside the Ministry of Internal Affairs, saying, "At that time, in 2014, we really helped everyone who turned to us, on both sides." He has, however, admitted to assisting in the escape of Berkut members, stating he did it out of a desire to prevent violence in Kyiv.


Oleksandr Kovalov

In 2016, it was revealed by Volodymyr Ariev that Kovalov had been photographed outside the Donetsk Oblast State Administration building following the capture of Donetsk by militants of the Donetsk People's Republic.Oleh Mikhniuk during the war in Donbas, as well as spreading Russian propaganda involving the incident.

Political career

In the 2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Kovalov was an unsuccessful candidate for People's Deputy of Ukraine, running as a member of the Eco+25% Ecological Protection Party (Ukrainian: Партія екологічного порятунку "Еко+25%", romanized: Partiia ekolohichnoho poriatunku "Eko+25%"). In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Kovalov ran as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from Ukraine's 51st electoral district as an independent. Among his opponents was Nadiya Savchenko, a former People's Deputy who had been arrested in 2018 on suspicion of planning terrorist attacks against the Ukrainian government.

Kovalov was successful in his election campaign, winning 33.03% of the vote.

Kovalov's campaign achieved attention due to his assistance in the escape of Berkut members and alleged arming of Titushky. Among the proposals in his campaign were to repeal the law "On supporting the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the State language", to repeal of reforms to the medical system, and to "Restore respect for our true history, the victorious people and true heroes of the Great Patriotic War."

On 22 May 2022 Kovalov joined the newly formed parliamentary group Restoration of Ukraine.

2019 piano voting incident

Kovalov acquired attention in office following the publishing of a video by anti-corruption campaign Chesno in which he was shown piano voting both for himself and for Maksym Yefimov. Although he originally denied doing so, Kovalov later admitted to partaking in piano voting, saying, "If we are already fighting for the Constitution, we should be fighting harder."


Redoubt Kali

Redoubt Kali (Georgian: რედუტ-კალე) was a Russian fort on the east coast of the Black Sea. It was 10 miles north of Poti. It was captured by the British during the Crimean War in 1854. The redoubt was colloquially commonly called the Redut Kale, modern Kulevi in Georgia. The redoubt was demolished in the early 20th-century in 1907.

  * Black Sea Coast

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Redoubt Kali". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.

  * Media related to Redout-Kale at Wikimedia Commons

42°16′21″N 41°38′47″E / 42.27250°N 41.64639°E


Khan Jahan Ali's Tank

Khan Jahan Ali's Tank is a lake-like tank in front of Khan Jahan Ali's tomb Complex in Bagerhat District, Bangladesh.

Khan Jahan Ali's Tank in front of the tomb of Khan Jahan Ali

The tank has several crocodiles in it. The species of those are marsh crocodile. People believe that if they appease the hunger of these crocodiles with chicken or goats, they would have the desire of their heart fulfilled. Whenever anybody makes such an offering, the caretaker of the tomb complex, or mazar, calls out the crocodiles, shouting 'Kalapahar, Dhalapahar, come!'. Within a few minutes the crocodiles make their appearance and swallow the offerings.

Only three individuals of marsh crocodile, a male and a female are in a semi-captive condition at Khan Jahan Ali shrine pond or tank at Bagerhat.

22°39′30″N 89°45′30″E / 22.6583°N 89.7584°E


Marcus Richmond

Marcus E. Richmond (born May 4, 1956) is an American politician serving as a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for the 21st district. Elected in November 2014, he assumed office on January 12, 2015.

Early life and education

Richmond was born in Mena, Arkansas. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in health and physical education from Arkansas Tech University.

Career

Richmond served in the United States Marine Corps from 1978 to 1998, retiring with the rank of lieutenant colonel. From 1998 to 2000, he worked as a football coach at the Hargrave Military Academy. Richmond was the president and CEO of America's Pet Registry and operated a ranch with his brother.Arkansas House of Representatives in November 2014 and assumed office on January 12, 2015.


Limones, Chiriquí

Limones is a corregimiento in Barú District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 53.8 square kilometres (20.8 sq mi) and had a population of 1,040 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 19.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (50/sq mi).

Climate

Limones has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate to little rainfall from December to April and heavy to very heavy rainfall from May to November.


Limones, Chiriquí

Climate data for Limones
Month                                                                       Jan     Feb     Mar     Apr     May      Jun      Jul      Aug      Sep      Oct      Nov      Dec     Year
Average high °C (°F)                                                        31.8    32.7    33.4    33.0    31.6     30.5     30.7     30.5     30.1     29.6     29.7     30.8    31.2
                                                                            (89.2)  (90.9)  (92.1)  (91.4)  (88.9)   (86.9)   (87.3)   (86.9)   (86.2)   (85.3)   (85.5)   (87.4)  (88.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)                                                          26.0    26.4    27.3    27.5    27.0     26.1     26.2     26.0     25.8     25.4     25.3     25.6    26.2
                                                                            (78.8)  (79.5)  (81.1)  (81.5)  (80.6)   (79.0)   (79.2)   (78.8)   (78.4)   (77.7)   (77.5)   (78.1)  (79.2)
Average low °C (°F)                                                         20.2    20.2    21.2    22.0    22.4     21.8     21.8     21.6     21.5     21.3     21.0     20.4    21.3
                                                                            (68.4)  (68.4)  (70.2)  (71.6)  (72.3)   (71.2)   (71.2)   (70.9)   (70.7)   (70.3)   (69.8)   (68.7)  (70.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches)                                                40.0    19.8    42.0    106.7   268.8    333.3    287.1    371.0    511.1    573.2    359.9    102.7   3,015.6
                                                                            (1.57)  (0.78)  (1.65)  (4.20)  (10.58)  (13.12)  (11.30)  (14.61)  (20.12)  (22.57)  (14.17)  (4.04)  (118.71)
Source 1: Datos Climáticos Históricos (Historical Climate Data) (rainfall)
Source 2: Climate-Data.org (temperature)


Limones, Chiriquí

8°05′59″N 82°52′00″W / 8.0997°N 82.8667°W


Niklas Ingvarsson

Niklas Ingvarsson (born 3 June 1978) is a Swedish ice sledge hockey player. He plays for FIFH Malmö, and his leg was amputated aged 18, after he suffered from leukemia as a 10-year-old.

He took part in 1998 and 2002, where Sweden won bronze in both. He also participated in the 2010 Winter Paralympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics.

He also has one World Championship medal; bronze from the 2004 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships.

  * Profile at Svenska Handikappidrottsförbundet
  * Profile at Vancouver 2010


Manettia canescens

Manettia canescens is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.


USAT Cuba

USAT Cuba was the passenger ship Cuba of the Peninsular & Occidental Steamship CompanyWilliam Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company, Philadelphia in 1920 and placed into operation in 1921 for scheduled passenger and freight service between Tampa, Key West and Havana.

The ship maintained regular service over twenty years until delivered to the United States War Shipping Administration (WSA) on 19 February 1942. It was operated by the line under a standard WSA agreement until placed under bareboat charter to the Army for operation as USAT Cuba until returned to WSA and again briefly operated by Peninsular & Occidental for WSA 31 July 1946 through 20 December 1946 when returned to the company. The ship was sold to an Italian company in June 1947 to be renamed Pace and then Sassari until scrapped in 1962.

Commercial service

Cuba, official number 221220 with signal MCRW that was KDBT by 1941, was 2,479 GRT, 341 ft 2 in (104.0 m) length overall, 325 ft (99.1 m) registry length ship with 47 ft 2 in (14.4 m) breadth.New Haven, Connecticut.

Peninsular & Occidental information showed the ship's speed as 18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h) with Army information twenty years later indicating speed was reduced to 18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h). Cuba had 132 passenger cabins with an additional 16 "parlor" cabins with double beds and a sofa berth. The passenger capacity was 520.

A seawater thermograph was provided by the U. S. Weather Bureau and after testing in Washington and shipping to the Weather Bureau in Key West installed by the ship's chief engineer. The first week of data collection was 12–19 July 1931 began routine collection on the ship's twice weekly Tampa—Key West—Havana runs with records filed with the Bureau in Washington. Cuba provided measurements at a slightly deeper draft than another vessel transiting on the same days.

World War II service

During World War II the ship was delivered to the War Shipping Administration (WSA) in New Orleans on 19 February 1942. Cuba was operated by Peninsular & Occidental under WSA agreement until delivered to the United States Army on 25 April 1943.


USAT Cuba

The transport spent the majority of the war operating out of New Orleans transporting troops to British Guiana, Cuba, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and the West Indies. In September 1942 the ship underwent repairs in Panama and in September more extensive repairs in New York. After repairs there Cuba made one trip to Bermuda by way of Norfolk before returning to the regular area of operations.

Cuba with women military personnel destined for San Juan, Puerto Rico, was in convoy, escorted by U.S. and Canadian small vessels met in the Strait of Florida for escort to Guantanamo, along with the tanker SS Virginia Sinclair, the Liberty ship SS James Sprunt that was carrying approximately 10,000 tons of ammunition, USAT H. A. Scandreet transporting troops to the Panama Canal, and SS Furnifold M. Simmons loaded with explosives destined for Karachi. At the eastern end of Cuba the convoy was attacked with Virginia Sinclair sunk and James Sprunt exploding. Other ships were damaged by debris from the explosion.

For some time late in the war the ship was assigned to the Panama Canal for operations, leaving that assignment 1 January 1946 to resume operations out of New Orleans.

Cuba was also involved in transporting citizens of Axis nations resident in Latin American countries to the United States for internment.

Post war & sale

After the war Cuba was operated briefly by Peninsular & Occidental Steamship Company under WSA agreement from 31 July 1946 through 20 December 1946 when the ship was returned to the company. In June 1947 Cuba was sold to an Italian company and renamed Pace then sold 1960 renamed Sassari until scrapped in 1962.

  * NavSource Photo Gallery
  * Five photographs of Cuba at Florida Memory
  * Cuba Photograph
  * Interior & exterior photos, description


Studies in Political Economy

Studies in Political Economy is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering political economy. Although an international journal, it has an emphasis on work concerning Canada. The journal publishes three times a year electronically and appears in print once a year. It is published by Taylor and Francis and was established in 1979. It is abstracted and indexed in PAIS International, The Left Index, Sociological Abstracts, Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Science, Human Resources Abstracts, Sage Public Administration Abstracts, Journal of Economic Literature, Canadian Periodical Index, and International Political Science Abstracts.

  * Official website


Ramsahai Pandey

Ramsahai Pandey (14 September 1920 – 21 September 1987) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from Rajnandgaon, Madhya Pradesh as a member of the Indian National Congress.

Pandey died in Bombay on 21 September 1987, at the age of 67.

  * Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website


Paul Joseph Gabriël

Portrait of Gabriël by Woutherus Mol, 1818, now in the Rijksmuseum

Cenotaph of Jan Hendrik van Kinsbergen in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam

Paul Joseph Gabriël (11 July 1784 – 31 December 1833) was a Dutch painter and sculptor.

He was born at Amsterdam, where he learned sculpture from his father and Canova, and devoted himself principally to that branch of art; but he at first practised miniature painting, and in his twentieth year proceeded to Paris specially to improve himself therein. In 1820 he was made a member of the Institute at Amsterdam, and director of the Royal Academy there. He died at Amsterdam, aged 49.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to P.J. Gabriël.
  * [Public Domain] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bryan, Michael (1886). "GABRIEL, Paulus Joseph". In Graves, Robert Edmund (ed.). Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (A–K). Vol. I (3rd ed.). London: George Bell & Sons.


Redoubt Mountain

Not to be confused with Redoubt Peak.
For other uses, see Mount Redoubt (disambiguation).

Redoubt Mountain (alternatively Mount Redoubt) is a mountain located in Banff National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. It forms the southern buttress of Boulder Pass.

The mountain was named in 1908 by Arthur O. Wheeler, founding member of the Alpine Club of Canada (AAC), as it resembled a redoubt (an outer military defense).

The mountain can be climbed on a moderate to difficult scrambling route on the northwestern ridge.

Like other mountains in Banff Park, it is composed of sedimentary rock laid down from the Precambrian to Jurassic periods.Laramide orogeny.

Based on the Köppen climate classification, the mountain is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C.

  * List of mountains of Canada
  * Geology of Alberta

Gallery

  * [Redoubt Mountain from Skoki valley area]
    Redoubt Mountain from Skoki valley area
  * [Northeast aspect]
    Northeast aspect


Khan Jajja

Khan Jajja is a village in Sialkot Tehsil, Sialkot District, Punjab, Pakistan.

Jajja (जज्ज) Jaja (जज) is a Muslim Jat clan found in Pakistan. Jaji (जजी) clan is found in Afghanistan.[1]

They are said to be descendants of King Jajja. We find mention of Jajja King of Kashmir 748-751 A.D. In history of Kashmir we also find mention of Jajja, lord of Vallapura, of the royal blood and of his own country, who helped Sussala in facing the enemies in 1121 AD.

Genealogy of Jajja

H.A. Rose[2] provides us the following genealogy as given by the Mirasi at Pandndwala in the Chiniot Tahsil of the Jhang District : —

Punwar. → Udadip. → Jagdeo.→ Karral.→ Gaidal.→ Sulangi. → Vimian. → Butta.→ Aira.→ Jajja.→ Jaisal.→ Ranu. → Khiva. → Kharral.→ Buddh.→ Gaddan.→ Deore.→ Udrath.→ Sareg.→ Jagsin. → Kaulra. → Vasu. + Visa.

History

Jajjah (जज्जाह) (and) Jathol (जथोल ), a tribe of Jats, found in Sialkot. They claim Solar Rajput origin and say that their ancestor, Jam, migrated from Multan. His two sons Jaj and Jathol founded villages in the Pasrur tahsil of Sialkot. Their mirasis are Posla, their Brahmans Badhar and their nais Khokhar by got. According to the Customary Law of Sialkot the Jajjah is distinct from the Jathaul.

32°07′N 74°35′E / 32.117°N 74.583°E


Marcus Rojas

Marcus Rojas (born February 23, 1963) is an American tubist from New York City.

Early life

Rojas was born in New York City on February 23, 1963, and grew up in Red Hook, Brooklyn.Eddie Palmieri, Willie Colón, and uncles who played percussion and trombone.Samuel Pilafian.High School of Music & Art in New York, and studied further at the New England Conservatory.

Career

"After graduation, he moved back to New York and started to work with a wide variety of musicians in different settings, including bassist Charlie Haden's Liberation Music Orchestra, composer-saxophonist Henry Threadgill's Very Very Circus, trumpeter Lester Bowie's Brass Fantasy."Metropolitan Opera and the New York City Ballet.

Rojas formed the trio Spanish Fly with Steven Bernstein and David Tronzo in 1989.American Symphony Orchestra, Foetus, Sly & Robbie, and John Zorn.

He has taught at New York University, State University of New York at Purchase, and Brooklyn College.

Discography

As co-leader

  * Brass Bang! with Steven Bernstein, Paolo Fresu, Gianluca Petrella (Bonsai/Tuk, 2014)
  * Tattoos And Mushrooms with Steven Bernstein, Kresten Osgood (ILK Music, 2009)

As sideman

With Bob Belden

  * 1991 Straight to My Heart: The Music of Sting
  * 2001 Black Dahlia

With David Byrne

  * 1994 David Byrne
  * 2012 Love This Giant

With Thomas Chapin

  * 1992 Insomnia
  * 1999 Alive

With Dave Douglas

  * Mountain Passages (Greenleaf, 2005)
  * Spirit Moves (Greenleaf, 2009)
  * United Front: Brass Ecstasy at Newport (Greenleaf, 2011)
  * Rare Metal (Greenleaf, 2011)

With Spanish Fly

  * 1994 Rags to Britches
  * 1996 Fly by Night

With Sting

  * 2009 If on a Winter's Night...
  * 2010 Symphonicities
  * 2013 The Last Ship

With They Might Be Giants

  * 2004 Indestructible Object
  * 2011 Album Raises New And Troubling Questions


Marcus Rojas

With Henry Threadgill

  * Too Much Sugar for a Dime (Axiom, 1993)
  * Carry the Day (Columbia, 1994)
  * Makin' a Move (Columbia, 1995)

With Loudon Wainwright III

  * 2009 High Wide & Handsome: The Charlie Poole Project
  * 2012 Older Than My Old Man Now

With Victor Wooten

  * 2012 Sword & Stone
  * 2012 Words & Tones

With John Zorn

  * 1992 John Zorn's Cobra: Live at the Knitting Factory
  * 2002 Cobra: John Zorn's Game Pieces Volume 2
  * 2011 The Satyr's Play / Cerberus

With others

  * 1987 No Dummies Allowed, Charlie Persip
  * 1991 Spirit of Nuff...Nuff, Very Very Circus
  * 1996 Mundo Civilizado, Arto Lindsay
  * 1999 Hold the Elevator, Orange Then Blue
  * 2000 Muy Divertido!, Marc Ribot
  * 2001 Songs I Heard, Harry Connick Jr.
  * 2003 Alegría, Wayne Shorter
  * 2004 Lake Biwa, Wadada Leo Smith
  * 2004 While the Music Lasts, Jesse Harris
  * 2008 Yo-Yo Ma & Friends: Songs of Joy & Peace, Yo-Yo Ma
  * 2009 Arrow, Clare & the Reasons
  * 2009 Declaration, Donny McCaslin
  * 2009 Tattoos & Mushrooms, Steven Bernstein
  * 2009 Trombone Tribe, Roswell Rudd
  * 2010 Girls Need Attention, Richard Julian
  * 2010 Heavy Dreaming, Ryan Keberle
  * 2011 The Gaddabouts, The Gaddabouts
  * 2012 Manhattan Jazz Orchestra Plays Disney, Manhattan Jazz Orchestra
  * 2016 Stranger to Stranger, Paul Simon
  * Marcus Rojas: Finding the Sound World


Limoniini

Limoniini is a tribe of limoniid crane flies in the family Limoniidae. There are about 7 genera and more than 1,400 described species in Limoniini.

Limonia maculata

Genera

These seven genera belong to the tribe Limoniini:

  * Antocha Osten Sacken, 1859
  * Dicranoptycha Coquillett, 1910
  * Elliptera Schiner, 1863
  * Helius Lepeltier & Serville, 1828
  * Limonia Meigen, 1800
  * Orimarga Osten-sacken, 1869
  * Thaumastoptera Milk, 1866


Weather report

Weather report may refer to:

  * Weather forecasting, the application of science and technology to predict the weather
  * Weather Report, an American jazz fusion musical group and two namesake studio albums:
      + Weather Report (1971 album)
      + Weather Report (1982 album)
  * Weather Report, a 2003 album by Chris Watson
  * "Weather Report", a song by Scandal from the 2013 album Standard
  * "Weather Report", a speaking recording by Raffi from his 1995 album Raffi Radio
  * Weather Report, a fictional character from JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stone Ocean


Manettia skutchii

Manettia skutchii is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.


USA (Unconformable Social Amputees)

USA (Unconformable Social Amputees) is the second solo studio album by American rapper Saint Dog from the Kottonmouth Kings. It was released on May 16, 2006 by Suburban Noize Records.

Track listing

#                Title                     Guest Artist        Time
1   Subnoize Anthem                   Daddy X                  4:48
2   Oompa Loompa                                               3:19
3   Pussy Poppin'                     DJ Bobby B               3:43
4   Paper Chase                       Big Hoss                 3:21
5   Hip Hop Punk Rock (Gangsta Lean)  Chucky Styles, Big Hoss  3:33
6   Their Lies                        Big Hoss                 1:54
7   Reaper                            Chucky Styles, Big Hoss  4:13
8   When I Grow Up                    Big Hoss, Maxon Price    4:31
9   Da Game                           BJ "The Pimp" Smith      4:07
10  Wanna Live                                                 3:10
11  Get Gone                          The Dirtball, Daddy X    4:16
12  Throw It Up                       The Dirtball             3:54
13  Ha Ha                             Big Hoss, Daddy X        3:48
14  How Many                          Judge D                  3:58
15  Down 4 Whatever                   Pakelika                 3:25
16  Inside My Head                    Big Hoss                 3:28
17  Stand Up                          Big Hoss                 3:26
18  Friends Like You                  Big Hoss                 1:29

  * Unconformable Social Amputees at Discogs


Studies of the Book of Mormon

Studies of the Book of Mormon is a collection of essays written at the beginning of the 20th century (though not published until 1985) by B. H. Roberts (1857–1933), a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which examine the validity of the Book of Mormon as a translation of an ancient American source.

Roberts "served in the innermost circles of Mormonism" and for decades "used his great oratorical and writing skills, as well as his scholarly and research abilities, to defend the Book of Mormon and give it intellectual respectability."Brigham Young University professor Marvin S. Hill, controversy over the book "has focused not upon the historical issues which Roberts raised but rather on whether or not he lost his testimony of the book and the church."

Critics of Mormonism claim that Roberts lost his belief in the Book of Mormon after completing the study, even though he continued to publicly affirm the divine origin of the book. According to religion writer Richard N. Ostling, Mormon apologists were faced with one "of the most delicate situations" after publication of the book and "went into high gear" to make responses to it because "Roberts could not be dismissed as an outsider or an anti-Mormon."

Roberts's purpose and conclusion

In the early 1920s, Roberts was asked by the First Presidency of the LDS Church to develop an apologetic to explain difficulties in the Book of Mormon, such as the lack of Hebrew or Egyptian vestiges in the languages of the Native American peoples and such historical anachronisms in the Book of Mormon as mentions of horses, oxen, wheat, and steel swords in ancient America.


Studies of the Book of Mormon

Roberts also compared the Book of Mormon with Ethan Smith's View of the Hebrews (1823), published five years before the Book of Mormon. Smith, a Vermont clergyman, drew on, what were at the time, commonplace ideas about the relationship of the Hebrews and the American Indians. Not only did Smith's work go through many early editions, but Oliver Cowdery, Joseph Smith's scribe and one of the Three Witnesses to the golden plates, grew up in the Vermont town where Ethan Smith pastored the church and where Cowdery's mother and half-sisters were members. According to religion writer Richard Ostling, "it is probably safe to assume that Joseph Smith was familiar" with Ethan Smith's book.

Roberts summarized his comparison of the parallels between View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon as follows:

Did Ethan Smith's View of the Hebrews furnish structural material for Joseph Smith's Book of Mormon? It has been pointed out in these pages that there are many things in the former book that might well have suggested many major things in the other. Not a few things merely, one or two, or half dozen, but many; and it is this fact of many things of similarity and the cumulative force of them that makes them so serious a menace to Joseph Smith's story of the Book of Mormon's origin.

— B.H. Roberts, Studies of the Book of Mormon, pg. 240

Roberts was "torn by an internal struggle between his faith and a desire to be honest with himself."golden plates and revealed to him by an angel. Yet in his studies, Roberts cited examples of what he considered discrepancies, implausibilities and contradictions in the Book of Mormon. According to Marvin S. Hill, Roberts "maintained that the Book of Mormon's claims that the Indians were derived solely from three migrations of Hebrews to the new world over a span of three thousand years was entirely untenable."

Although Roberts's manuscripts were intended for perusal by the general authorities of the LDS Church, the authorities proved uninterested in examining them.

Overview


Studies of the Book of Mormon

Overview

Roberts gave three conditions that would suggest that one book had been derived from another: that the derivative book had appeared after its model, that the author of the derivative book had access to the model, and that the derivative work be similar to the model. Roberts concluded that View of the Hebrews had been published first, that the possibility that Joseph Smith had access to it was "a very close certainty," and that there were many similarities between the works.View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon.

Origin of New World peoples

Roberts states that both View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon claim that the Hebrews "occupied the whole extent of the American continents" and that this idea was "very generally obtained throughout New England."limited geography theory of the Book of Mormon civilizations, which Roberts himself did not believe "the Book of Mormon would admit our assuming."

Migration

Both View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon refer to a migration of peoples to America. Roberts notes several parallels between the migration of the Jaredites and that of the Ten Lost Tribes in the Jewish apocalypse 2 Esdras (as interpreted by Ethan Smith). Both journeys are "religiously motivated, both groups enter valleys at the commencement of their journeys, both apparently travel north between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, both cross water barriers, both trips take years, and both groups travel to uninhabited lands."

Destruction of Jerusalem

Roberts notes that the entire first chapter of View of the Hebrews describes the siege of Jerusalem by the Romans in A.D. 70. He compares this chapter to the first chapters of the Book of Mormon, in which Lehi prophesies of the destruction of Jerusalem prior to his departure circa 600 B.C.View of the Hebrews does not refer to the earlier destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians circa 586 B.C.

Lost books


Studies of the Book of Mormon

Lost books

In View of the Hebrews, "an old Indian" said that his ancestors "had a book which they had for a long time preserved," but that "having lost the knowledge of reading it … they buried it with an Indian chief."View of the Hebrews mentions a Jewish phylactery dug from the ground which "contained four folded leaves" of "dark yellow" parchment.golden plates in a New York hillock, and adds the question, "Could all this have supplied structural work for the Book of Mormon?"

Breastplate and the Urim and Thummin

View of the Hebrews describes a breastplate "in resemblance of the Urim and Thummin" made of a white conch shell with two holes to which are fastened white buckhorn buttons "as if in imitation of the precious stones of the Urim."Urim and Thummim which Joseph Smith said that he was given for the purpose of translating the golden plates.

"Egyptian" hieroglyphics

View of the Hebrews describes hieroglyphic paintings found in the American southwest.reformed Egyptian".)

Barbarous versus civilized New World people

View of the Hebrews argues that the Hebrews who arrived on the American continents divided into two classes, that "most of them fell into a wandering idle hunting life" but that "more sensible parts of this people associated together to improve their knowledge of the arts."Nephites and Lamanites also split into two groups and have frequent wars, which ultimately result in the extinction of the more civilized Nephites.

Government

In both View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon, part of the ancient inhabitants of America changed from monarchical governments to republican governments, and the civil and ecclesiastical power was united in the same person.

Prophecy about the scattering and gathering of Israel


Studies of the Book of Mormon

Prophecy about the scattering and gathering of Israel

Roberts notes that in both View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon there are extensive quotations from the Book of Isaiah regarding the scattering and future gathering of Israel. Roberts asks, "Did the Author of the Book of Mormon follow too closely the course of Ethan Smith in this use of Isaiah would be a legitimate query."View of the Hebrews includes many other scriptural prophecies about the restoration of Israel, whereas the Book of Mormon quotes only from Isaiah chapter 11.

White god in the New World

Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Magliabechiano.

View of the Hebrews discusses legends of what he called the "bearded white god" Quetzalcoatl and proposes that this "lawgiver" or "Mexican messiah" might have been Moses.Montezuma allowed the Spanish to easily conquer the country because "the Mexicans mistook the white bearded invaders from the east for the descendants of their long cherished culture-hero Quetzalcoatl."View of the Hebrews" furnished the suggestion of Jesus Christ in the New World in the Book of Mormon.

Controversy about Roberts's parallels

Some Mormon apologists have argued that Roberts's parallels are unimportant both because many of them have been answered by Mormon apologists in the intervening years and because there are also many "unparallels" between View of the Hebrews and the Book of Mormon.View of the Hebrews, that he might well have taken major ideas and discarded others according to his fancy, and that furthermore, the conceptual differences are minor and the similarities major.

Controversy about Roberts's ultimate beliefs


Studies of the Book of Mormon

Controversy about Roberts's ultimate beliefs

Non-Mormons have argued that Roberts's belief in the Book of Mormon may have been shaken by his research. For instance, a reviewer of the book for The Christian Century wrote that not only did Roberts "have serious doubts" about the Book of Mormon, but that his investigations raised "questions about his own beliefs."devil's advocate, because he continued to testify to the truth of the Book of Mormon until his death. Marvin S. Hill has argued, however, "this contention seems strained considering his pleadings at the end of each section that church leaders must offer inspired help."Sterling McMurrin and Brigham D. Madsen, who edited the volume, "misrepresented Roberts's final views about the historicity of Mormon scriptures."

Controversy within the LDS Church after the 1985 publication

The publication of Roberts's study "caused much protest in some circles in Utah."Sterling McMurrin, a University of Utah philosophy professor, even "charged that there was an unsuccessful effort to have the University of Illinois suppress publication of the study."

In 1996, many years after Roberts's study had been available through Jerald and Sandra Tanner, prominent critics of the church, and more than a decade after the University of Illinois had published Roberts's Study, BYU republished View of the Hebrews.


Studies of the Book of Mormon

* Hedges, Andrew H (1997), Review of View of the Hebrews by Ethan Smith, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute.
  * Madsen, Truman G (December 1983), "B. H. Roberts after Fifty Years: Still Witnessing for the Book of Mormon", Ensign, Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
  * Norwood, L. Ara (1990), "Joseph Smith and the Origins of the Book of Mormon", FARMS Review of Books, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, 2 (1): 187–204, doi:10.2307/44796893, JSTOR 44796893, S2CID 164261657.
  * Peterson, Daniel C (1997), "Yet More Abuse of B. H. Roberts", FARMS Review of Books, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, 9 (1): 69–87, doi:10.2307/44792742, JSTOR 44792742, S2CID 164780021.
  * Roberts, Brigham H (1909), New Witnesses for God (3 vols), vol. 3, Salt Lake City: Deseret News.
  * Roberts, Brigham H (1985), Brigham D. Madsen (ed.), Studies of the Book of Mormon, Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, ISBN 0252010434.
  * Roper, Matthew (1997), "Unanswered Mormon Scholars", FARMS Review of Books, Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, 9 (1): 87–145, doi:10.2307/44792743, JSTOR 44792743, S2CID 151520243.
  * Smith, Ethan (2002), View of the Hebrews 1825, Colfax, Wisconsin: Hayriver Press, ISBN 1-930679-61-0.
  * Spencer, James R (1991), The Disappointment of B. H. Roberts: Five Questions That Forced a Mormon General Authority to Abandon the Book of Mormon.


Studies of the Book of Mormon

* Welch, John (1992), "View of the Hebrews: An Unparallel", Reexploring the Book of Mormon, Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book: 83–87.
  * Online version of ‘’View of the Hebrews’’ 1825 edition (Note that pagination of this online version differs from the print version used in this article)
  * Online copy of ‘’View of the Hebrews’’ 1823 first edition


Ramsay, Queensland

Ramsay is a rural locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia.2016 census Ramsay had a population of 348 people.

Geography

The Great Dividing Range passes through Ramsay, entering from the north from Preston and exiting to the south-east (Budgee / West Haldon).

  * Darling Point ( 27°44′34″S 152°01′13″E / 27.7428°S 152.0203°E) 634 metres (2,080 ft)
  * Hay Peak ( 27°42′47″S 151°59′29″E / 27.7131°S 151.9913°E) 736 metres (2,415 ft)
  * Mount Allen ( 27°43′22″S 152°01′05″E / 27.7229°S 152.0181°E) 639 metres (2,096 ft)
  * Mount Boodgee ( 27°44′01″S 152°03′31″E / 27.7337°S 152.0585°E) 574 metres (1,883 ft)
  * Mount Neale ( 27°42′09″S 152°00′06″E / 27.7026°S 152.0017°E) 684 metres (2,244 ft)
  * Mount Prosper ( 27°44′33″S 152°00′05″E / 27.7426°S 152.0014°E) 721 metres (2,365 ft)
  * Paddy Point ( 27°43′42″S 152°00′39″E / 27.7282°S 152.0108°E) 664 metres (2,178 ft)
  * Prosperity Point ( 27°43′38″S 152°02′21″E / 27.7273°S 152.0392°E) 647 metres (2,123 ft)

Within the locality, the range is a watershed with the creeks that rise to the east of the range contributing to the North East Coast drainage basin which enter the Coral Sea, while the creeks that rise to the west of the range are ultimately tributaries of the Condamine River, part of the Murray Darling drainage basin.


Ramsay, Queensland

The terrain in the locality to the west of the range is still hilly but overall flatter and lower (down to 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level). The land use in the east of the locality is grazing on native vegetation, while the land use in the west of the locality is a mix of grazing and crop growing, the latter generally occurring closer to the creeks.

History

The locality is named after Robert Ramsay, a pastoralist and politician. He was one of the owners of Eton Vale station and leased the Rosalie Plains pastoral run. He was a member of both the Queensland Legislative Assembly and the Queensland Legislative Council.

Ramsay State School opened on 3 October 1881.

In the 2011 census Ramsay had a population of 310 people.

In the 2016 census Ramsay had a population of 348 people.

Economy

There are a number of homesteads in the locality, including:

  * Alpine Grange ( 27°43′24″S 151°59′43″E / 27.7233°S 151.9954°E)
  * Alpine Grange ( 27°43′24″S 151°59′43″E / 27.7233°S 151.9954°E)
  * Arinya ( 27°43′36″S 151°57′07″E / 27.7268°S 151.9520°E)
  * Laughma ( 27°43′51″S 151°57′52″E / 27.7307°S 151.9645°E)
  * Mount Prosper ( 27°43′37″S 152°00′05″E / 27.7270°S 152.0013°E)
  * Mountain View ( 27°43′15″S 151°55′40″E / 27.7208°S 151.9278°E)
  * Orourkes House ( 27°41′29″S 151°59′38″E / 27.6913°S 151.9940°E)
  * Venvale ( 27°43′08″S 151°56′21″E / 27.7188°S 151.9392°E)

Education


Ramsay, Queensland

Education

Ramsay State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 173 Ramsay School Road ( 27°43′18″S 151°57′45″E / 27.7216°S 151.9625°E).

There are no secondary schools in Ramsay. The nearest government secondary schools are Centenary Heights State High School in Centenary Heights and Harristown State High School in Harristown, both suburbs of Toowoomba to the north, and Clifton State High School in Clifton to the south.

  * O'Keefe, Jack; Kunde, Bill; Ramsay State School (1981), Ramsay State School centenary 1881-1981, 3rd October, 1981, Ramsay State School, ISBN 978-0-9592735-0-2
  * Savage, Jean, Ramsay State School 125th celebrations 1881-2006 — includes information on the now-closed schools of Eton Vale, Top Camp, Preston, Hodgson's Vale.


Zakharovsky District

Zakharovsky District (Russian: Заха́ровский райо́н) is an administrativeraion), one of the twenty-five in Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 985.9 square kilometers (380.7 sq mi).administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zakharovo.2010 Census); 10,607 (2002 Census); 11,205 (1989 Census).

Notable residents


Zakharovsky District

* Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov (1883–1946), composer of the national anthem, born in the village of Plakhino
  * Boris Donskoy (1894–1918), revolutionary, born in the village of Gladkie Vyselki
  * Рязанская областная Дума. Закон №128-ОЗ от 12 сентября 2007 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Рязанской области», в ред. Закона №56-ОЗ от 27 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 7 Закона Рязанской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Рязанской области"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Рязанские ведомости", №273, 20 сентября 2007 г. (Ryazan Oblast Duma. Law #128-OZ of September 12, 2007 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ryazan Oblast, as amended by the Law #56-OZ of July 27, 2012 On Amending Article 7 of the Law of Ryazan Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Ryazan Oblast". Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication.).


Zakharovsky District

* Рязанская областная Дума. Закон №79-ОЗ от 7 октября 2004 г. «О наделении муниципального образования — Захаровский район статусом муниципального района, об установлении его границ и границ муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав», в ред. Закона №165-ОЗ от 11 ноября 2008 г. «Об утверждении границы муниципального образования — Захаровский муниципальный район и границ


Zakharovsky District

и границ муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Рязанские ведомости", №212–213 (без приложений), 14 октября 2004 г. (Ryazan Oblast Duma. Law #79-OZ of October 7, 2004 On Granting the Municipal Formation of Zakharovsky District the Status of a Municipal District, on Establishing Its Borders and the Borders of the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Law #165-OZ of November 11, 2008 On Establishing the


Zakharovsky District

On Establishing the Border of the Municipal Formation of Zakharovsky Municipal District and the Borders of the Municipal Formations It Comprises. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).


Redoutable-class submarine (1967)

For other ships with the same name, see Redoutable-class submarine.

The Le Redoutable-class submarine was a ballistic missile submarine class of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). In French, the type is called Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins (SNLE), literally "Missile-launching nuclear submarine". When commissioned, they constituted the strategic part of the naval component of the French nuclear triad, then called Force de frappe (the aircraft carriers Clemenceau and Foch constituting the tactical part).

The class entered active service in 1971 with Redoutable, six submarines were built in total. All have since been decommissioned. The structural changes in Inflexible have seen it regarded as a different class from the early boats. The class has been superseded by the Triomphant class.

Background

With the election of Charles de Gaulle as president of France, the French Armed Forces saw a change in direction. Under the new government, French forces were withdrawn from NATO formations due to French unhappiness with American domination of the group. Beginning in the 1960s, French foreign policy would be reshaped to create independence from both of the major opponents of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union. This was later defined in the mantra "to deter – to intervene – to defend". From the foreign policy arose the concept of submarine-based "Force de Dissuassion", with emphasis on the "to deter", which was the focus of new French naval spending.

The new nuclear-powered, nuclear-armed submarine force was planned to be of similar size to the British Royal Navy. However, unlike the British, the French received no support from other nations and the French nuclear program began with a lack of technological expertise to draw from. Furthermore, the Americans refused to provide the French Navy with enriched uranium for the creation of a nuclear reactor.French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (French: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), which the US allowed to acquire enriched uranium for experimental land use. A nuclear plant was constructed on land at Cadarache and the reactor was tested to simulate nuclear-powered submarine patrols.


Redoutable-class submarine (1967)

At the same time as the French were developing nuclear propulsion, they were also researching ballistic missiles and nuclear warheads. Caissons were constructed to test fire missiles and by 1967, the submarine Gymnote was fitted with the guidance and navigation systems to be tested. The first ballistic missile launch was at the Landes Trials Centre (French: Centre d'Essais des Landes) at the end of 1968 and nuclear warheads were tested at Moruroa in the Pacific Ocean.

Description

Comparison of different nuclear systems: left, the SNLE (Redoutable type) with the M4 missile; right, the SNLE-NG (Triomphant type) with the present M45 missile and the future M51 missile.

Designated Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins (SNLE) literally "Missile-launching nuclear submarine", the design initially measured 128 metres (419 ft 11 in) long overall with a beam of 10.6 metres (34 ft 9 in) and a draught of 10 metres (32 ft 10 in). The submarines initially displaced 7,500 tonnes (7,400 long tons) surfaced and 9,000 tonnes (8,900 long tons) submerged.8,000 tonnes (7,900 long tons) surfaced.pressurised water reactor providing steam to two turbines and two alternators and turning one propeller via a turbo reduction drive creating 12,100 kilowatts (16,200 hp). The submarines also sported electric emergency propulsion capable of providing a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km; 5,800 mi). The vessels could dive more than 200 metres (660 ft) and had a maximum speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph). Each boat had two twin crews comprising 15 officers and 120 men.

Armament


Redoutable-class submarine (1967)

Armament

The Redoutable class all have 16 compartments for submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Redoutable initially deployed with 16 the M1 MSBS (Mer-Sol Balistique Stratégique). The M1 missile was a two stage ballistic missile with a 10.4 m (34 ft 1 in) height and each missile weighed 18,000 kg (40,000 lb). The M1 had a 400-kiloton warhead and an approximate 2,500 km (1,600 mi) range. Terrible was also constructed to carry this missile. The design of Foudroyant was altered to carry the improved M2 MSBS missile in 1974. The M2 was heavier at 19,800 kg (43,700 lb), had a 500-kiloton warhead and a longer range than the M1. In 1977, both the M1 and M2 were replaced by the M20 MSBS.

Vessels in class

Redoutable class construction data
Number                              Name         Laid down         Launched           Completed         Fate                    Notes
S611                                Redoutable   30 March 1964     29 March 1967      1 December 1971   Stricken December 1991  Museum ship
S612                                Terrible     24 June 1967      12 December 1969   1 January 1973    1996
S610                                Foudroyant   12 December 1969  4 December 1971    6 July 1974       1998                    first M2 submarine
S613                                Indomptable  4 December 1971   17 August 1974     23 December 1976  2003
S614                                Tonnant      October 1974      17 September 1977  3 April 1980      December 1999
S615                                Inflexible   27 March 1980     23 June 1982       1 April 1985      2008                    first M4 submarine

Service history

The first submarine, Redoutable, was ordered in 1963, built at Cherbourg, launched in 1967 and commissioned in 1971. This was replaced by the M2 MSBS beginning in 1974, which was in turn replaced by the M20 MSBS beginning in 1977. All except Redoutable were heavily upgraded from 1985 to fire the second generation MIRV capable M4 missile – Tonnant was recommissioned in 1987; Indomptable in 1989; Terrible in 1990; and Foudroyant in 1993.

Redoutable in Cherbourg

Redoutable has been preserved since 2002 as a museum ship at the Cité de la Mer naval museum in Cherbourg-Octeville, France. The reactor compartment has been replaced by a new section.


Redoutable-class submarine (1967)

* List of submarines of France
  * Blackman, Raymond V. B., ed. (1972). Jane's Fighting Ships 1972–73. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company. OCLC 28197951.
  * Couhat, Jean Labayle, ed. (1986). Combat Fleets of the World 1986/87. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85368-860-5.
  * Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
  * Miller, David (1982). O'Neill, Richard (ed.). An Illustrated Guide to Modern Submarines. Arco. ISBN 0-66805-495-6.


Khan Clock Tower

Khan Clock Tower

The Khan Clock Tower was built in Colombo, Sri Lanka by the Khan Family of Bombay. The Clock Tower is a popular landmark and marks the entrance to Pettah Market. The Clock Tower was built in the early 20th century by the family of Framjee Bhikhajee Khan. This Parsi family hailed from Bombay, India and also owned the famous Colombo Oil Mills as well as other business interests in Ceylon, as Sri Lanka was then called.

The clock tower also provided a working water fountain, but this no longer functions. The plate on the clock tower carries the inscription: "This clock tower and fountain was erected to the memory of Framjee Bhikhajee Khan by his sons Bhikhajee and Munchershaw Framjee Khan as a token of affectionate gratitude and dedicated through the Municipal Council to the citizens of Colombo on the fourth day of January 1923, the 45th anniversary of his death."

The Tower is roughly four stories high and is situated on a landscaped roundabout that marks the entrance to the famous market.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Khan clock tower.


Shanghai (Santurce)

Shanghai is one of the 40 subbarrios of Santurce, a barrioSan Juan, Puerto Rico.

Demographics

In 2000, Shanghai had a population of 11,331.

In 2010, Shanghai had a population of 9,438 and a population density of 34,955.6 persons per square mile.

Location

Shanghai is a crossover sector in Santurce located north and south of Baldorioty Expressway between Loiza Street (PR-37) and Gilberto Monroig Street. It is surrounded by Isla Verde, Las Marías, Los Corozos Lagoon, Merhoff, Villa Palmeras and Ocean Park Beach.

  * List of communities in Puerto Rico


Richard Ayres

Richard Ayres (born 29 October 1965, Cornwall) is a British composer and music teacher.

Biography

Born in Cornwall, England, Richard Ayres followed Morton Feldman's classes at the Darmstadt and Dartington summer schools. He studied composition, electronic music, and trombone at Huddersfield Polytechnic until 1989, graduating with distinction in 1989. Since September 1989, Ayres has lived and worked in the Netherlands. He studied postgraduate composition course at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague, studying with Louis Andriessen, and graduating in 1992.

From 1990 Richard Ayres has worked as composer receiving performances from among others the ASKO Ensemble, the Schönberg Ensemble, Ives Ensemble, Orkest de Volharding, Maarten Altena Ensemble, The Netherlands Ballet Orchestra, Netherlands Radio Symphony Orchestra, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Apartment House, London Sinfonietta, Klangforum Wien, MusikFabrik, Continuum (Canada) as well as writing for ensembles with more unusual instrumentations formed for specific projects.

Ayres received the Gaudeamus International Composers Award for composition in 1994. His piece No. 31 (for trumpet and ensemble) received a recommendation at the UNESCO Rostrum of Composers in Paris in 1999. He received the Matthijs Vermeulen Award in 2003.

He was Featured Composer at the Huddersfield Festival in 2003 and his music has been heard at the Aldeburgh Festival: his first opera, The Cricket Recovers was premiered there in 2005. It has since had new productions in Stuttgart, Weimar and Braunschweig. His second opera is Peter Pan (Staatsoper Stuttgart/Komische Oper Berlin/Welsh National Opera and Royal Opera House, 2015).

In the orchestral arena his No. 37b for orchestra was premiered at the Donaueschingen Musiktage by the SWR Sinfonieorchester Freiburg and Baden-Baden and has since been taken up by the Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra and the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra. No. 40 NONcerto for oboe and chamber orchestra was premiered by Baart Schneemann and the Netherlands Radio Chamber Orchestra in 2006.


Richard Ayres

2008 saw the premiere of No. 42 In the Alps for soprano and ensemble which was premiered and toured throughout the Netherlands by Barbara Hannigan and the Netherlands Wind Ensemble. He also wrote No. 43 Glorious, a work for chamber ensemble and film – a collaboration with film-maker Guy Maddin for the SHIFT Festival in Amsterdam and Canada.

His piece No. 52 (Three pieces about Ludwig van Beethoven: dreaming, hearing loss and saying goodbye) was given its world premiere at the BBC Proms on 20 September 2020 at the Royal Albert Hall, London, performed by the Aurora Orchestra conducted by Nicholas Collon. That and the piece's second performance were given five-star reviews by The Times and The Daily Telegraph who, respectively, described the piece as "startlingly joyous" and "deeply moving... [m]agnificent".

In January 2004, Ayres was appointed as teacher of composition at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague. He remained in his position here until 2006 and now teaches at the Amsterdam Conservatoire.

Selected works

  * No. 8 Piano (solo) 1991
  * No. 24 (NONcerto for alto trombone) 1995
  * No. 31 (NONcerto for trumpet) 1999
  * No. 30 (NONcerto for orchestra, cello and high soprano) 2003
  * No. 30a "Schnell aber nicht immer"
  * No. 33 a-b-c (Valentine Tregashian COnsiders...) 2001
  * No. 36 (NONcerto for horn) 2002
  * No. 34b (Two pieces for cello and ensemble) 2003
  * No. 39 The Cricket Recovers 2005
  * No. 37b for Orchestra 2006
  * No. 40 (NONcerto for oboe)2006
  * No. 41 (Five Memos for Eva) 2007
  * No. 42 (In the Alps- an animated concert) 2008
  * No. 43 (Glorious) 2008
  * No. 47 (Peter Pan) 2015
  * No. 48 (Night Studio) 2015
  * No. 52 (Three pieces about Ludwig van Beethoven: dreaming, hearing loss and saying goodbye) 2020
  * "Richard Ayres". British Music Information Centre
  * Biography, Chronology, Gallery, Performances, News, Discography, Sample Pages, Works (Schott Music)
  * Richard Ayres' Website
  * Richard Ayres' Myspace Page
  * Richard Ayres' Page on the London Sinfonietta Website


Weather or No

Weather or No is a one-act comic opera, styled a "musical duologue", by Bertram Luard-Selby with a libretto by Adrian Ross and William Beach. It was produced at the Savoy Theatre from 10 August 1896 to 17 February 1897 as a companion piece to The Mikado, and from 2 March 1897 to 24 April 1897 with His Majesty, for a total of 209 performances.

Copies of the libretto and the vocal score (published in 1896 by J. Williams) are found in British Library. There are five musical numbers, including three duets and a solo for each character.

Background

When the Gilbert and Sullivan partnership disbanded after the production of The Gondoliers in 1889, impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte filled the Savoy Theatre with a combination of new works and revivals of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas. The fashion in the late Victorian era was to present long evenings in the theatre, and so producer Richard D'Oyly Carte preceded his Savoy operas with curtain raisers.W. J. MacQueen-Pope commented, concerning such curtain raisers:

This was a one-act play, seen only by the early comers. It would play to empty boxes, half-empty upper circle, to a gradually filling stalls and dress circle, but to an attentive, grateful and appreciative pit and gallery. Often these plays were little gems. They deserved much better treatment than they got, but those who saw them delighted in them. ... [They] served to give young actors and actresses a chance to win their spurs ... the stalls and the boxes lost much by missing the curtain-raiser, but to them dinner was more important.

One of the writers of Weather or No, Adrian Ross, would go on to become one of the most prolific and successful lyricists of Edwardian musical comedies.

Synopsis

The story concerns two figures who come in and out of a toy weather house according to whether it is wet or dry, and so they cannot meet. Nevertheless, the couple fall in love and eventually wrench themselves away from their supports so that they may be together.

Cast information

The original cast was:

  * She. Emmie Owen for the first week, then Beatrice Perry
  * He. Scott Russell

Critical reception


Weather or No

Critical reception

A review in The Musical Times of 1 September 1896 stated,

The book, by Messrs. Adrian Ross and W. Beach, is bright and smartly written, and the music, by Mr. B. Luard Selby, is graceful, refined, and by no means lacking in point and humour. The characters, impersonated with fair success by Miss Emmie Owen and Mr. Scott Russell, are the "He" and "She" of a toy weatherhouse, who emerge alternately from their respective doors in obedience to the vagaries of our fitful climate. The funny little couple fall in love, but find courtship so difficult under the circumstances that they wrench themselves away from their supports and leave the weather to take care of itself. The trifle will be welcome to those who require pieces suitable for private theatricals.
  * Weather or No at the Gilbert and Sullivan Archive
  * List of Savoy opera curtain raisers
  * Article on Savoy curtain raisers
  * Information about Luard-Selby


Manet Harrison Fowler

Manet Harrison Fowler (August 30, 1895 — February 1976) was an American musician, dramatic soprano, artist, voice coach, piano teacher, conductor, music educator and midwife. She was a child prodigy, giving piano recitals at the age of six. A native of Fort Worth, Texas she founded the Mwalimu School for the development of African Music and Creative Art in 1928 and relocated to New York City during the Harlem Renaissance. She was President of the Texas Association of Negro Musicians (TANM), the first state branch of the National Association of Negro Musicians.

Early life

Minnia (later respelled "Manet") Helen Harrison was born in Fort Worth, Texas, to Louisiana natives Taylor Henry Harrison, an African American and Carrie Vickers Harrison, a creole of African, French and Irish descent. She showed talent for music from an early age, playing piano at church from age six. Manet attended the Tuskegee Institute, and graduated in 1913. She pursued further studies in visual arts at The Art Institute of Chicago and in music at the Chicago Musical College and American Conservatory of Music. A well known painter of her time, she was also an opera singer performing around the country as a dramatic soprano.

Career

Fowler taught music at Prairie View State Normal and Industrial College, and directed a church choir in Fort Worth. She was co-founder of the Texas Association of Negro Musicians in 1926, and she served on the board of the National Association of Negro Musicians, as scholarship committee chair,The Negro Musician.

In 1928, she started the Mwalimu School.Harlem Renaissance. Literary figures such as Carter G. Woodson taught at Mwalimu in Harlem. The school also offered a community kitchen, a library of works by black authors, and lessons from bodybuilding to comparative religion.Alain LeRoy Locke.

In 1930, a pageant Fowler wrote, produced, and directed, The Voice, was performed by over 2000 cast members at the National Baptist Convention in Chicago.Up From Slavery, and another musical piece, African Suite.Yale University Art Gallery.

In 1972, Fowler was honored alongside Duke Ellington, Ramsey Lewis, Everett Lee, and Margaret Rosezarian Harris at the annual awards dinner at the Waldorf Astoria, New York for the National Association of Negro Musicians.

Personal life


Manet Harrison Fowler

Personal life

Manet Harrison married fellow educator Stephen Hamilton Fowler in 1915. They had five children, including Manet Helen Fowler, the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D in cultural anthropology in the U.S. and George H. Fowler, former Commissioner of the NYS Division of Human Rights and the first African American named to a cabinet rank by Governor Nelson Rockefeller.Beinecke Library at Yale University.Emory University.

  * Manet Harrison Fowler Papers. James Weldon Johnson Collection in the Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.


USAV SP4 James A. Loux

USAV SP4 James A. Loux (LSV-6) is a General Frank S. Besson Jr.-class roll-on/roll-off of US Army.

Design

Main article: General Frank S. Besson-class support vessel

Named in honor of Gen. Frank S. Besson Jr., former Chief of Transportation, U.S. Army, these ships have bow and stern ramps and the ability to beach themselves, giving them the ability to discharge 900 short tons of vehicles and cargo over the shore in as little as four feet of water, or 2,000 short tons as an intra-theater line haul roll-on/roll-off cargo ship.M1 Abrams main battle tanks or 82 ISO standard containers.

Construction and career

She was acquired by the US Army on 30 September 1994 and commissioned in 1994 into the United States Army Reserve.

Gallery

  * [USAV SP4 James A. Loux on 23 December 2010]
    USAV SP4 James A. Loux on 23 December 2010
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  *
  * Navsource – Photo Gallery
  * Frank S Besson Class LSV Logistic Support Vessel
  * LSVs at globalsecurity.org
  * Photo gallery: Family tour aboard the LSV-7 Kuroda | The Honolulu Advertiser
  * LSV-8 USAV MG Roberts Smalls – a set on Flickr
  * Army Commissions Vessel Named after African-American Civil War Hero, S.C. Statesman
  * Robert Smalls Official Website


Studies in Conflict & Terrorism

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on terrorism and insurgency. It was established in 1977 as Terrorism, obtaining its current name in 1992 when Terrorism was merged with another journal titled Conflict.Taylor & Francis and the editor-in-chief is Bruce Hoffman (Georgetown University). The Editorial Board also includes Georgetown University Professor and author Ed Husain.Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.071.

  * Official website