Mansurat al-Khayt

See Mansura (disambiguation) for other sites with similar names.

Mansurat al-Khayt was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on January 18, 1948. It was located 11.5 km east of Safed, 1 km west of the Jordan River.

History

Part of the name, al-Khayt, came from the area named as ard al-khayt, located southwest of the lake of Hula.

Al-Dimashqi (d.1327) wrote about Al Khait: "A district of the Upper Ghaur of the Jordan Valley. The country resembles that of Irak in the matter of its rice, its birds, its hot springs, and excellent crops."

In the mid 18th century, The Syrian Sufi teacher and traveller al-Bakri al-Siddiqi (1688-1748/9) noted that he passed by al-Khayt with a judge from Safad.

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kerad al Khait had a population of 437 Muslims,1931 census when Mansurat el Hula had to 367 Muslims inhabitants, in a total of 61 houses.

In the 1945 statistics the village had a population of 200 Muslims,

The village was also known by Mansurat al-Hula to distinguish it from al-Mansura in Safed and had a shrine for a local sage known as al-Shaykh Mansur from which the village was named after.

1948, aftermath

The village was temporarily evacuated after a Haganah attack on 18 January 1948. The Haganah was under order to "eliminate" anyone in the village who resisted.

In July 1948, a new settlement called Habonim, later renamed Kfar Hanassi, went up on the land of Mansurat al-Khayt.


Mansurat al-Khayt

* Al-Dimashqi (1866). Cosmographie (in Arabic). Translated by A. F. Mehren. Saint-Pétersbourg: l'Académie Impriale des Sciences.
  * Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  * Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
  * Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  * Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  * Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  * Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
  * Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
  * Strange, le, G. (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  * Welcome To Mansurat al-Khayt
  * Mansurat al-Khayt, Zochrot
  * Mansurat al-Khayt, Villages of Palestine
  * Survey of Western Palestine, map 4: IAA, Wikimedia commons


Polyptychoides ruaha

Polyptychoides ruaha is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Tanzania.


Rückers

For the town in Poland, see Szczytna.

Rückers is a village in the municipality of Flieden, in the district of Fulda, in Hesse, Germany.

[Village of Rückers]

Village of Rückers

Geography

Rückers is situated in the south of the district of Fulda, approx. 20 km south of the town Fulda, on the gently sliding northern slope of a low mountain range between Rhön and Vogelsberg Mountains called Landrücken.

Neighboring localities

Rückers borders in the north-east the village of Schweben, in the south-east the village of Hutten, in the south the village of Elm, in the south-west the village of Klosterhöfe, in the west the village of Höf und Haid and in the north-west the village of Flieden.

History

Dolmens found at the foot of the Steinkammer give testimony that people already lived here already in ancient times. The founding of Rückers is expected around the time of Charlemagne. In a written document, Rückers is mentioned for the first time around the year of 1160.

Catholic Church "Mariae Himmelfahrt" in Rückers

Religion

A Catholic church Mariä Himmelfahrt is situated in Rückers.

Education

A kindergarten named St. Nikolaus and a Grundschule (elementary school) Steinkammerschule are in Rückers.

Sites of interest

The headwater and local recreation area Steinkammer located on the low mountain range Landrücken serves vacationers and hikers a superb view to the mountains of Rhön, Vogelsberg and Spessart. The area of Steinkammer is a protected landscape area Hessian Rhön Nature Park, bordering the Spessart Nature Park, with geological and biological importance.

Transportation

Motorway

  * Bundesautobahn 66

Railway lines

  * Line Bebra – Fulda – Frankfurt am Main
  * Line Flieden – Gemünden
  * official website of village Rueckers
  * official website of Catholic-Church-Rueckers


Greatest Hits (Run-D.M.C. album)

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source            Rating
AllMusic          link
BBC               link
Robert Christgau  A
NME

Greatest Hits is the second compilation album by American hip hop group Run-D.M.C. It was released on September 10, 2002 by Arista Records. While it was argued that hits such as "The Ave.", "Pause" and "Ooh, What'cha Gonna Do?" should have found a place in this release, Run speculated during a Marie Claire interview in 2003 that the album was simply showcasing the group's better known earlier work:

"I want kids to pick up this album and go '..So that's what hip hop sounded like in 1984, cool'. It's not because I dislike any of those [later] records."

After Jam Master Jay's death, the group retired - however for not meeting their contractual obligations with Arista Records, this left Run-D.M.C.'s entire catalog open for exploitation. Since the release of this record, Arista Records has released several other greatest hits albums of Run-D.M.C.'s material.

Fans consider this release as the 'official' greatest hits collection, because it was the last official Run-D.M.C. release before the death of Jam Master Jay.

Track listing

 1. "King of Rock"
 2. "It's Tricky"
 3. "Beats to the Rhyme"
 4. "Can You Rock It Like This"
 5. "Walk This Way" (featuring Aerosmith)
 6. "Run's House"
 7. "Rock Box"
 8. "Peter Piper"
 9. "Mary, Mary"
10. "Hard Times"
11. "You Be Illin'"
12. "It's Like That"
13. "My Adidas"
14. "Sucker M.C.'s (Krush-Groove 1)"
15. "You Talk Too Much"
16. "Jam-Master Jay"
17. "Down with the King" (featuring Pete Rock & CL Smooth)
18. "Christmas in Hollis"

2003 re-release


Greatest Hits (Run-D.M.C. album)

2003 re-release

 1. "It's Like That" (featuring Jason Nevins)
 2. "Walk This Way" (featuring Aerosmith)
 3. "Sucker MC's"
 4. "My Adidas"
 5. "King of Rock"
 6. "It's Tricky"
 7. "Can You Rock It Like This"
 8. "You Be Illin'"
 9. "Rock Box"
10. "Run's House"
11. "Peter Piper"
12. "Bounce"
13. "Beats to the Rhyme"
14. "Jam Master Jay"
15. "Hard Times"
16. "Down with the King"
17. "Mary Mary"
18. "What's It All About"
19. "It's Tricky 2003" (featuring Jacknife Lee)


Rocklawn Cemetery

Rocklawn Cemetery is a historic cemetery on Stevens Street in Marlborough, Massachusetts. Established in 1813 as Chipman Cemetery, it was Marlborough's fifth cemetery. The Rocklawn section of the cemetery was added in 1855, giving the cemetery its present name. This section was laid out in the then-fashionable rural cemetery style, in contrast to the older section, which is laid out in a grid. The cemetery served as a major burying ground for the city from the mid-19th century into the 20th century.

The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

  * National Register of Historic Places listings in Marlborough, Massachusetts

Media related to Rocklawn Cemetery (Marlborough, Massachusetts) at Wikimedia Commons


Morley Old Hall

Morley Old Hall is a Grade I-listed moated manor house built in the sixteenth century in the village of Morley Saint Peter, some twelve miles from the cathedral city of Norwich, Norfolk, England.

The house was created circa 1600 by John Sedley, an architect to Henry VII. It is built to a U-shaped floor plan in two storeys with two storeys of attics. Constructed in brick with plain-tiled roofs it is completely surrounded by a moat.

In recent years the house has been owned by Field Marshal Sir Edmund Ironside, Commander in Chief of Home Forces during the Second World War and, in the 1970s, by Janet Shand Kydd, the first wife of Peter Shand Kydd, stepfather of Diana, Princess of Wales.

Before its sale in 2001 the hall was nearing dereliction, and one main wall had collapsed into the moat. In May 2009, it was put up for sale for £2.65 million. Following approximately £1m of renovation work by the new owners, Richard and Alison Warden, it was again put up for sale in April 2012 for £3 million.

52°32′40″N 1°01′49″E / 52.5445°N 1.0304°E


R v Adams (1957)

For the more recent namesake as to the law of DNA evidence, see R v Adams.


R v Adams (1957)

Criminal law
Elements
  * Actus reus
  * Mens rea
  * Causation
  * Concurrence
Scope of criminal liability
  * Accessory
  * Accomplice
  * Complicity
  * Corporate
  * Principal
  * Vicarious
Severity of offense
  * Felony
  * Infraction (also called violation)
  * Misdemeanor
Inchoate offenses
  * Attempt
  * Conspiracy
  * Incitement
  * Solicitation
Offences against the person
  * Assassination
  * Assault
  * Battery
  * Castration
  * Child abuse
  * Criminal negligence
  * Defamation
  * Domestic violence
  * False imprisonment
  * Harassment
  * Home invasion
  * Homicide
  * Human trafficking
  * Intimidation
  * Kidnapping
  * Menacing
  * Manslaughter (corporate)
  * Mayhem
  * Murder
      + felony
  * Negligent homicide
  * Regicide
  * Invasion of privacy
  * Robbery
  * Slavery
  * Stalking
  * Torture

Sexual offenses
  * Adultery
  * Bigamy
  * Child sexual abuse
  * Cybersex trafficking
  * Fornication
  * Homosexuality
  * Incest
  * Indecent exposure
  * Masturbation
  * Obscenity
  * Prostitution
  * Rape
  * Sex trafficking
  * Sexual assault
  * Sexual slavery
  * Voyeurism
Crimes against property
  * Arson
  * Arms trafficking
  * Blackmail
  * Bribery
  * Burglary
  * Embezzlement
  * Extortion
  * False pretenses
  * Forgery
  * Fraud
  * Gambling
  * Intellectual property violation
  * Larceny
  * Payola
  * Pickpocketing
  * Possessing stolen property
  * Robbery
  * Smuggling
  * Tax evasion
  * Theft
  * Trespass to land
  * Vandalism, Mischief
Crimes against justice
  * Compounding
  * Malfeasance in office
  * Miscarriage of justice
  * Misprision
  * Obstruction
  * Perjury
  * Perverting the course of justice
Crimes against the public
  * Apostasy
  * Begging
  * Censorship violation
  * Dueling
  * Genocide
  * Hostage-taking
  * Illegal consumption (such as prohibition of drugs, alcohol, and smoking)
  * Miscegenation
  * Piracy
  * Terrorism
  * Usurpation
  * War crimes
Crimes against animals
  * Cruelty to animals
  * Wildlife smuggling
  * Bestiality
Crimes against the state
  * Lèse-majesté
  * Treason
  * Espionage
  * Secession
  * Sedition
  * Subversion
Defences to liability
  * Automatism
  * Consent
  * Defence of property
  * Diminished responsibility
  * Duress
  * Entrapment
  * Ignorantia juris non excusat
  * Infancy
  * Insanity
  * Justification
  * Mistake (of law)
  * Necessity
  * Provocation
  * Self-defence
Other common-law areas
  * Contracts
  * Evidence
  * Property
  * Torts
  * Wills, trusts and estates
Portals
  * Law
  * v
  * t
  * e


R v Adams (1957)

R v Adams [1957] is an English case that established the principle of double effect applicable to doctors: that if a doctor "gave treatment to a seriously ill patient with the aim of relieving pain or distress, as a result of which that person's life was inadvertently shortened, the doctor was not guilty of murder" where a restoration to health is no longer possible. Such medicines are among those sometimes used in palliative care (the branch of medicine focussed on the relief of pain), most commonly for the most severe pain.

The case narrowly distinguished and approved the binding precedent R v Dyson

Case facts

Main article: Death of Edith Alice Morrell

The defendant, John Bodkin Adams, was a doctor who was tried on one count of murder by "easing the passing" of an elderly patient, Mrs Edith Alice Morrell. The police claimed that Adams had murdered a number of elderly patients, and suggested his modus operandi was to administer heroin and morphine with the intention making his patients addicted and under his influence, then to induce them to leave him legacies in cash or kind in their wills and finally to cause their deaths by giving them sufficiently large doses of drugs. One patient's initial bequest included an elderly Rolls-Royce car, she re-decided to leave Adams nothing in her final will. The trial judge, Devlin J., suggested that Hannam had become fixated on the idea that Adams had murdered (or administered excess drugs) to many elderly patients for legacies, and had regarded Adams receiving a legacy as grounds for suspicion.Gertrude Hullett and two other cases in which evidence had been taken on oath,Attorney-General for prosecution, looked the strongest of Hannam's preferred cases, despite it being six years old, although he noted that some others believed that the Hullett case was stronger.

Trial


R v Adams (1957)

Trial

The case presented by the prosecution was based on the police investigation. As outlined in the opening speech of the Attorney-General Sir Reginald Manningham-Buller, it was that Adams either administered or instructed others to administer drugs that had killed Morrell with the intention of killing her, that these drugs were unnecessary as she was not suffering pain as she had been semi-comatose for some time before her death. Manningham-Buller suggested that the motive for Adams deciding that it was time for Morrell to die was that he feared her altering her will to his disadvantage.to euthanise), from his phraseology of the intention of "easing the passing" – according to the trial judge.

The prosecution initially argued that all of the large quantities of morphia and heroin prescribed by Adams in the months leading to Morrell's death had been injected, that this amount was sufficient to kill her, and that it could only have been intended to kill.paraldehyde, described as a safe soporific.

In response to the defence's production of the nurses' notebooks, one of the prosecution's medical expert witnesses changed his testimony,

Judgment

In Devlin's summing up, was said that a doctor has no special defence, but "he is entitled to do all that is proper and necessary to relieve pain even if the measures he takes may incidentally shorten life" (i.e. as a secondary intention). He made one legal direction that established the double effect principle in respect of the mens rea of murder. Where restoring a patient to health is no longer possible, a doctor may lawfully give treatment with the aim of relieving pain and suffering which, as an unintentional result, shortens life. Liability for murder can be avoided if medicine which is beneficial to the patient is given, despite the knowledge that death will occur as a side effect. The second legal direction was that the jury should not conclude that any more drugs were administered to Morrell than shown in the nurses' notebooks.

Devlin also indicated to the jury the main defence argument was that the whole case against Dr. Adams was mere suspicion and that, "...the case for the defence seems to me to be a manifestly strong one".


R v Adams (1957)

On these grounds, the jury returned a Not Guilty verdict after deliberating for only forty-six minutes.

Outside the courtroom he opined that the majority of those that had followed the case in The Times law reports expected an acquittal.

It is worth noting the mens rea for murder is governed by the doctrine of intent, set out in the Woollin case, where a defendant is held to have intended the outcome if it is virtually certain and the defendant has appreciated that virtual certainty.

  * English law
      + Airedale NHS Trust v Bland - approving the case in the highest court, and adding further principles.
  * P. Devlin, (1985). Easing the passing: The trial of Doctor John Bodkin Adams. London, The Bodley Head. ISBN 0-57113-993-0.
  * Bailii.org, a free online database for English and Irish legal materials.


Mansurabad-e Sofla

For other places with similar names, see Mansurabad.

Mansurabad-e Sofla (Persian: منصورابادسفلي, also Romanized as Manşūrābād-e Soflá; also known as Manşūrābād-e Pā’īn)Rostam-e Do Rural District, in the Central District of Rostam County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 245, in 46 families.


Nick Sansano

Nick Sansano (born 1963 in The Bronx, New York City) is an American record producer, engineer, and musician. A graduate of Berklee College of Music, he began his career at Greene St. Recording, where he recorded and mixed for a variety of ground-breaking hip hop artists including Public Enemy, Ice Cube, Rob Base and Run DMC. From there, he went on to co-produce Sonic Youth's Daydream Nation and Goo, two critically acclaimed and historical alternative music recordings that changed the landscape of popular musicIt Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, Fear of a Black Planet and Muse Sick-n-Hour Mess Age. Additional hip hop credits include Ice Cube's AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted and mixing the rap classic "It Takes Two" by Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock. He also worked with Jon Spencer Blues Explosion (ACME), Bubblies (No Brain, No Headache...), Stuck In The Sound (Shoegazing Kids), Le Tigre (This Island), Galactic (Late For The Future,Love 'Em Tonight: Live at Tipitina's), Stanton Moore (Flyin' The Koop), and The Grassy Knoll (III).'

Sansano is a full-time professor at The Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music, where he also acts as the associate chair and production faculty head.

Awards

Nick's genre-crossing work has taken him around the world. In France, he found success producing multi-platinum recordings for the groups IAM, Zebda, and Noir Désir, with all three groups winning Victoire de la Musique awards for album of the year, all three in different genres. In total, Nick has been awarded over 15 gold, platinum and/or diamond record awards in the US and Europe.


Maʽabilah

Maʽabilah (Arabic: معابیلاہ) is a village in Muscat, in northeastern Oman.


Mansurabad, Kermanshah

For other places with similar names, see Mansurabad. For other places named Mansurabad in Kermanshah Province, see Mansurabad, Kermanshah (disambiguation).

Mansurabad (Persian: منصوراباد, also Romanized as Manṣūrābād) is a village in Howmeh-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 300, in 70 families.


Polyptychus girardi

Polyptychus girardi is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is found from Guinea east to Cameroon.


Sandelson

Sandelson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

  * Neville Sandelson (1923–2002), British politician
  * Johnny Sandelson (born 1968), British property developer
  * Sanderson (surname)


Greatest Hits (Stevie Ray Vaughan album)

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source                                 Rating
AllMusic
Christgau's Consumer Guide             A−
Entertainment Weekly                   B
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
The Penguin Guide to Blues Recordings  ()

Greatest Hits is a compilation album by Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble released in 1995. It was also released on vinyl in the U.S.

Track listing

 1. "Taxman" (George Harrison) – 3:34 (previously unreleased)
 2. "Texas Flood" (Larry Davis, Joseph Wade Scott) – 5:22 (from Texas Flood)
 3. "The House Is Rockin'" (Stevie Ray Vaughan, Doyle Bramhall) – 2:24 (from In Step)
 4. "Pride and Joy" (Vaughan) – 3:40 (from Texas Flood)
 5. "Tightrope" (Vaughan, Bramhall) – 4:39 (from In Step)
 6. "Little Wing" (Jimi Hendrix) – 6:49 (from The Sky Is Crying)
 7. "Crossfire" (Tommy Shannon, Chris Layton, Reese Wynans, Bill Carter, Ruth Ellsworth) – 4:10 (from In Step)
 8. "Change It" (Bramhall) – 3:59 (from Soul to Soul)
 9. "Cold Shot" (Mike Kindred, Arranged by Stevie Ray Vaughan) – 4:01 (from Couldn't Stand the Weather)
10. "Couldn't Stand the Weather" (Vaughan) – 4:42 (from Couldn't Stand the Weather)
11. "Life Without You" (Vaughan) – 4:16 (from Soul to Soul)

Charts

Chart performance for Greatest Hits
Chart (1995-1996)            Peak
                             position
Australian Albums (ARIA)     62
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)     29
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)       23
US Billboard 200                52

Certifications

Certifications for Greatest Hits
Region                                             Certification  Certified units/sales
New Zealand (RMNZ)                                 Gold           7,500^
United States (RIAA)                               2× Platinum    2,000,000^
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.


Kyoto University of Advanced Science

"Kyoto Gakuen University" redirects here. For other uses, see Kyoto Gakuen University (disambiguation).

35°00′37″N 135°43′07″E / 35.010333°N 135.718556°E

Kyoto University of Advanced Science Uzumasa campus

Kyoto University of Advanced Science (京都先端科学大学, Kyōto sentan kagaku daigaku, KUAS), formerly Kyoto Gakuen University, is a private university located in Ukyō-ku, Kyoto, Japan. Originally founded as a trade school in 1925 and incorporated in 1969, KUAS was refounded in 2019 under the leadership of Shigenobu Nagamori. Its two campuses are located in Ukyō-ku, Kyoto City, and Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture.

The university is organized into five faculties and five graduate schools. The undergraduate faculties include the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, the Faculty of Humanities, the Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and the Faculty of Engineering. The graduate schools include the Graduate School of Economics, the Graduate School of Business Administration, the Graduate School of Human Culture, the Graduate School of Bioenvironmental Science, and the Graduate School of Engineering.

In 2020, the university's Faculty of Engineering began to offer programs taught entirely in English, signaling a shift towards internationalization and English-medium education.

  * Official website


Morley Markson

Morley Markson is a Canadian industrial designer, film director and cinematographer from Toronto, Ontario.Monkeys in the Attic, which was a Canadian Film Award nominee for Best Picture at the 26th Canadian Film Awards in 1975,Growing Up in America, which was a Genie Award nominee for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 10th Genie Awards in 1989.

His 1971 film Breathing Together: Revolution of the Electric Family was a selection of the International Critics' Week at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival.

Filmography

  * Exploration (1967)
  * Kaleidoscope (1967)
  * America Simultaneous: The Electric Family (1968)
  * Electrocution of the World (1968)
  * Eyebang (1968)
  * Light Year (1968)
  * Retinal Capsule (1968)
  * Zero (1968)
  * The Tragic Diary of Zero the Fool (1969)
  * Breathing Together: Revolution of the Electric Family (1971)
  * Monkeys in the Attic (1974)
  * Off Your Rocker (1982)
  * Growing Up in America (1988)
  * Morley Markson at IMDb
  * Official website


R v Badger

R v Badger, [1996] 1 S.C.R. 771 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the scope of aboriginal treaty rights. The Court set out a number of principles regarding the interpretation of treaties between the Crown and aboriginal peoples in Canada.

Background

Wayne Badger, Leroy Kiyawasew, and Ernest Ominayak were Cree and status Indians under the Treaty No. 8. They were each caught hunting for food on private land. Badger was caught near a farm house, Kiyawasew was caught in a farmer's field, while Ominayak was caught in a field of Muskeg. They were charged under the Wildlife Act. At trial the three accused argued that they were entitled to hunt as part of their aboriginal treaty rights. The Crown argued that the Natural Resources Transfer Agreement of 1930 had extinguished the rights granted by Treaty No. 8. The accused were convicted and the convictions were upheld on appeal.

The issues before the Supreme Court were:

 1. whether status Indians under Treaty No. 8 have the right to hunt for food on privately owned land which lies within the territory surrendered under that Treaty.
 2. whether the hunting rights set out in Treaty No. 8 have been extinguished or modified by the Natural Resources Transfer Agreement.
 3. the extent, if any, that sections 26(1) (requiring a hunting licence) and 27(1) (establishing hunting seasons) of the Wildlife Act applied to the accused.

Reasons of the court

Justice Cory, writing for the majority, held that the appeals of Badger and Kiyawasew should be dismissed but Ominayak's appeal should be allowed and a new trial should be directed.

The Treaty, Cory found, granted the right to "pursue their usual vocations of hunting, trapping, and fishing", which was limited by geography and the right of the government to conserve Wildlife.

Cory gave several principles in interpreting treaties:


R v Badger

Cory gave several principles in interpreting treaties:

 1. a treaty represents an exchange of solemn promises between the Crown and the various Indian nations.
 2. the honour of the Crown is always at stake; the Crown must be assumed to intend to fulfil its promises.
 3. any ambiguities or doubtful expressions must be resolved in favour of the Indians and any limitations restricting the rights of Indians under treaties must be narrowly construed.
 4. the onus of establishing strict proof of extinguishment of a treaty or aboriginal right lies upon the Crown.

Cory then turned to the issue of the NRTA. He found that it extinguished the right to hunt commercially but not the right to hunt for food.

When interpreting any treaties, they must be given their natural meaning as understood by the Indians at the time that they were signed. The limitation of the hunting treaty should be based on visible, incompatible land use. On this basis, the appeals for Badger and Kiyawasew must be dismissed as they were hunting where it was visibly incompatible with the land use.

Cory considered whether the Wildlife Act, which required hunting licenses, violated their aboriginal right to hunt. He found that it did violate their rights and could not be justified under the Sparrow test.

  * The Canadian Crown and First Nations, Inuit and Métis
  * Canadian Aboriginal case law
  * Numbered Treaties
  * Indian Act
  * Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982
  * Indian Health Transfer Policy (Canada)
  * List of Supreme Court of Canada cases
  * Full text of Supreme Court of Canada decision at LexUM and CanLII


Mansurabad, Mazandaran

For other places with similar names, see Mansurabad.

Mansurabad (Persian: منصورآباد, also Romanized as Manşūrābād) is a village in Baladeh Rural District, Khorramabad District, Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,197, in 334 families.


HIV i-Base

HIV i-Base is a UK-based HIV treatment activist charity.

i-Base produces information about advances in HIV treatment for health workers and HIV positive people.

Publications

i-Base publishes easy-to-read guides to HIV treatment.

These non-technical guides have been translated into more than 35 languages by HIV organisations in other countries.

HIV Treatment Bulletin (HTB) is the UK's longest running community HIV treatment publication.

From 1996 to 2000, HTB was published as DrFax by the AIDS Treatment Project.

In 2007, i-Base collaborated with the photographer Wolfgang Tillmans to publish Why We Must Provide Treatment Information. (2007).

Community partners in research

i-Base founded and developed the UK-CAB network of treatment activists, currently with more than 850 members.

This enables HIV positive people to collaborate with many leading HIV research networks. Some of these research studies have changed the way that HIV is treated globally. For example:

The international START Study (Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment) provided evidence for the importance of universal access to HIV treatment for all HIV positive people globally. Previously treatment was restricted until HIV had more seriously damaged a person's immune system.

The international PARTNER studies, published in JAMA in 2014

Original research

i-Base has presented original research at UK BHIVA medical conferences on UK HIV services,

HIV i-Base is a registered charity, founded in 2000.

  * HIV/AIDS in the United Kingdom
  * Official website


Mbabane River

Mbabane River

The Mbabane River is a river of Eswatini.Hhohho District in the north-west of the country. The city of Mbabane is located along the river.Tributaries include the Polinjane River.

  * Geography of Eswatini

26°26′S 31°12′E / 26.433°S 31.200°E


Mansurabad railway station

Mansurabad railway station (Urdu: منصور آباد ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Pakistan.

  * List of railway stations in Pakistan
  * Pakistan Railways


Polyptychites

Polyptichites is the perisphictacean ammonite genus from the Lower Cretaceous of Russia. The shell is subinvolute and coarsely ribbed; ribs bifurcate or trifurcate mid or low on the flanks and cross over the rounded venter. The umbilicus is relatively small and deep. Outer whorls partially envelop the previous leaving a fairly deeply impressed dorsum.

  * Polyptichites, jsdammonites.fr


Salo Upper Secondary School

Salo Upper Secondary School (Finnish: Salon lukio) is the biggest upper secondary school in Salo, Finland. It has a capacity of 600 students and around 50 staff members including about 40 teachers, cleaners, cooks and secretaries. The new upper secondary school building offers its services to two schools, the upper secondary school that works there in the day times and upper secondary school for adults or in other words evening or night school. Salo night school offers high school level education for adults and students of the primary high school.

History

In the year of 2005 the facilities on the Kaheri site were finished and the two former upper secondary schools of Salo (Hermanni and Lauri) were combined. The new school was established due to many years of lack of space. Lauri and Hermanni upper secondary schools used to work in the same space as the junior highs with the same names. The number of students increased year by year.

Building

Salo upper secondary school is a modern ivory colored building on the outskirts of Salo center. It has 33 classes all of them equipped with modern AV technology: VHS-DVD recorders, WolfVision documentary cameras, video projectors and computers. There is also an increasing number of Smart Boards.

The hall is the first thing to be entered when coming to the building from the main entrance. Immediately to the right there is the cafeteria and on the left there are the racks and the school office along with the auditorium. Behind the racks there are the arts and music classes. In front of the entrance there is the janitor's office.

From beside the janitor's office there is a pair of staircases leading to the upper and lower levels. The stairs going to the lower level leads to the gym and science and math classes. On the same level as the cafeteria there are the language classes. On the upper level there are the humanitarian sciences and Finnish. Also the library, multimedia class and separate study booths are in the upper level. Most of the classes expand to the left side of the building.

The yard consists of a volleyball court, a garden and two parking lots: one pointing towards Kisko and one towards Perniö. The garden is designed to portray the Solar System.

Academics


Salo Upper Secondary School

Academics

Salo upper secondary school concentrates on general education. It coaches its students to get through baccalaureate needed to become a university student. In the teaching technology, internationality, self-expression and entrepreneurship are used as basic tools. The school has a special musical program that collaborates with the musical classes in junior high. There are also special courses for athletes: ice hockey, Finnish baseball, basketball, soccer and volleyball. There is a possibility to complete music, arts and athletic diplomas that have a positive effect while applying to university or polytechnic.

Extracurricular activities

The school has its own Chess Club that has done very well in Finland's championship games (also known as SM). The school has a Press club and a Website Management Team that work together in updating the school's website and keeping the students informed of upcoming events and the school's success. Another extracurricular activity is called the VideoTeam. It works on filming the schools special activities, like concerts and contests.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salo Upper Secondary School.
  * Salon lukio
  * Salo upper secondary school English introduction


North Oaks Farm

James J. Hill Estate at North Oaks Farm in 1914

North Oaks Farm, also known as Hill Farm, is currently an open-air museum in North Oaks, Minnesota, United States, preserving buildings of a 3,300-acre (1,300 ha) demonstration farm established by railroad magnate James J. Hill in 1883. Elements of the farm were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as James J. Hill's North Oaks Farm, Dairy Building in 1999.

In the Dairy Building, Hill had installed a DeLaval separator and barrel churns, which automated the production of butter, using centrifugal force powered by a steam engine. The operation was a forerunner of the modern commercial butter-making industry.

At the Blacksmith and Machine Shop horses were shod and hinges and wagon wheels were constructed for use on the farm.

History

In 1883 James J. Hill purchased 3,500 acres of land in Ramsey County for $50,000 which would become North Oaks Farm. Later, Hill purchased additional land that expanded the farm to nearly 5,500 acres.

For the first ten years, the North Oaks Farm operated as a stock farm and base for Hill's efforts to breed a dual-purpose cow. The concept of breeding beef cows that would also produce milk was very popular during this time. Although Hill invested an enormous amount of money to breed a hybrid beef/dairy cow, his dairy results were marginal, while the beef was considered excellent. It seemed impossible at the time to have a cow that could be exceptional at both. However, the experience Hill and his workers received during this endeavor went on to help them in other ways. The North Oaks Farm gained a reputation for breeding exceptional beef cattle. Each year his Aberdeen Angus and Shorthorn cows from North Oaks would travel by train to Chicago to take part in the Fat Stock Show. The cattle won several prizes at the show over the years. In 1889 alone his Aberdeen Angus brought home $700 in prizes from Chicago.


North Oaks Farm

The farm also served as Hill's country estate. The Hill family spent most of the summer at the farm in a large brick estate that overlooked Pleasant Lake. The family always entertained guests at the farm in the weeks surrounding Independence Day. Favorite activities included fishing and swimming at Pleasant Lake, riding horses, shooting, and going for country drives. Hill was eager to show his farm off to visitors and guests and could spend hours giving tours of the facilities and fields.

James J. Hill managed all of the landscaping at North Oaks and spared no expense—he spent $2,500 alone in 1914. His wife, Mary Hill, was in charge of deciding which vegetables and flowers would be grown each year since she oversaw a staff of cooks and servants that would use them at their mansion in St. Paul.

After Hill's death in 1916, the operation of the North Oaks Farm fell to his son, Louis Hill Sr., who shared his father's passion for farming. It wasn’t until the 1950s that Louis Hill Jr. divided the farmland into smaller parcels for a carefully planned residential development. The grand estate on the lakeshore was demolished, along with the greenhouses and barns. Only three of the original forty buildings remain; the creamery, granary, and blacksmith shop/engine house.

After their deaths, both James J. Hill and Mary Hill were interred in a private mausoleum at North Oaks Farm.

  * Hill Farm Historical Society


Royal Rainmaking Project

The Thailand Royal Rainmaking Project (Thai: โครงการฝนหลวง, RTGS: khrongkan fon luang) was initiated in November 1955 by King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Thai farmers repeatedly suffered the effects of drought. The king resolved to do something about it and proposed a solution to the dearth of rain: artificial rainmaking, or cloud seeding.

Royal Rainmaking Project aircraft at Khon Kaen Airport in 2013

History

The king discovered that many areas faced the problem of drought.cloud seeding does not ameliorate droughts,Khao Yai National Park. Dry ice flakes were scattered over clouds. Reportedly, some rainfall resulted.Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.

Recognition

The king received recognition for the Royal Rainmaking Project from the EUREKA organization in 2001 for an invention that is beneficial to the world.

Department of Royal Rainmaking and Agricultural Aviation

The Department of Royal Rainmaking and Agricultural Aviation (DRRAA) was established on 15 September 1992, reporting to the Office of the Permanent Secretary for the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.FY2019 was 2,224 million baht.

DRRAA in 2019 has flown about 6,000 rain seeding flights, up from its yearly average of 5,000 sorties. DRRAA employs 71 pilots who fly 39 cloud seeding aircraft from Royal Rain Operations Centres in Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan, Khon Kaen, Rayong, and Surat Thani. The department plans to open new centres in Buriram and Phitsanulok and to hire an additional 44 pilots.


Royal Rainmaking Project

In February 2018, with Bangkok suffering under a haze of ultra-fine dust, the government turned to the DRRAA to seed clouds to create artificial rain over the city. The Pollution Control Department issued warnings that particulate levels had soared to 94 micrograms per cubic metre of air in some areas, far above the safety limit of 50 mcg. The prime minister assured Thais that, "...[rainmaking] should bring some relief at least in the short term,..." Fumes from vehicles, construction sites, and factories in adjacent provinces contribute to the smog that contains dust known as particulate matter PM2.5. "The department will continue to check the weather every day and will make rain as soon as possible", said the prime minister.

Technique

 1. Agitation: Seeding hygroscopic chemicals stimulates a mass of air to rise higher to create humidity. This helps nature to form rain clouds, and it increases the potential amount of rainfall.
 2. Fattening: Fattening of the rain clouds is done by scattering exothermic-hygroscopic chemicals to make droplets of water condense.
 3. Attacking: Flying a plane through the heavy clouds accelerates the process of raindrop formation.
  * Chaipattana Foundation
  * Crown Property Bureau
  * Royal Project Foundation
  * Sufficiency Economy
  * Silver iodide
  * Weather modification
  * Department of Royal Rainmaking and Agricultural Aviation


Morley Saint Botolph

Morley Saint Botolph is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Morley, in the South Norfolk district, in the county of Norfolk, England. It is situated 4 km south-west of the town of Wymondham and 23 km south-west of the city of Norwich. The village name is normally abbreviated to "Morley St Botolph". In 1931 the parish had a population of 204.

Morley Saint Botolph has a sister village, Morley Saint Peter, although the two are often simply referred to as "Morley". The names Morley St. Botolph and Morley St. Peter are first attested on the Ordnance Survey map of 1838.

History

The villages name means 'Moor wood/clearing'. 'St. Botolph' after the dedication of the church.

Morley St Botolph played a small part in the early stages of Kett's rebellion of 1549, when the townspeople of Wymondham attacked and broke down enclosures in the village.

On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Morley St Peter to form "Morley".

  * Kelly's Directory of Norfolk, 1896 treats St Botolph as a different parish from St Peter

External links

Media related to Morley Saint Botolph at Wikimedia Commons


Kaučers Protected Landscape

Kaučers Protected Landscape is located in Rušona Parish, Preiļi Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia. The area is named after Lake Kaučers, which is located in the center of the protected area. There are six other lakes in the protected area: Lake Baiba, Esereits, Limins, Meirauka, Salmejs and Lake Stupon. The state highway V742 (Preiļi – Gaiļmuiža – Feimaņi) passes through the northern part of the territory. Next to it is Gaiļmuiža Natura 2000 site.

Flora

There are a large number of protected plant species in the area: slender naiad (Najas flexilis), three-ranked spear-moss (Pseudocalliergon trifarium),wideleaf tortula moss (Tortula latifolia),yellow foxglove (Digitalis grandiflora).

Fauna

Protected fauna species in the area include beetle ( Graphoderus bilineatus), large copper butterfly (Lycaena dispar), Geyer's whorl snail (Vertigo geyeri), Northern crested newt (Triturus cristatus), sand lizard (Lacerta agilis), corncrake (Crex crex), black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius), grey-headed woodpecker (Picus canus).


Mansurabad, Seyyedan

For other places with similar names, see Mansurabad.

Mansurabad (Persian: منصوراباد, also Romanized as Manşūrābād)Khafrak-e Olya Rural District, Seyyedan District, Marvdasht County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 70, in 16 families.


History of Rugby, Warwickshire

1890s drawing of Rugby's Jubilee Clock Tower

This is about the history of the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, England.

Ancient and Roman

In the Early Iron Age the Rugby area was settled. Rugby's site on a plateau at about 400 feet above sea level, overlooking the River Avon made it an important strategic post overlooking the Avon, which was a natural barrier between the Dobunni and the Corieltauvi tribes. Iron Age remains, probably lookout posts or forts, have been located on either side of the Avon.

In Roman times, two major Roman roads were built very close to the site of modern-day Rugby: the Fosse Way and Watling Street. Twelve miles north of Rugby is High Cross (Roman name Venonae), where the two roads cross.

Just outside modern day Rugby, remains have been found of a Roman town called Tripontium, on the original Watling Street which is now known as the A5. Historians believe that the settlement was a kind of ancient service station, providing stabling and accommodation to passing Roman armies and travellers.

Medieval and Tudor

The small settlement at Rugby was taken over by the Anglo-Saxons around 560 AD, and it was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Rocheberie; there are several theories about the origin of the name, one is that it is derived from an old Celtic name Droche-brig meaning 'wild hilltop'.Rocheberie was a phonetic translation of the Old English name Hrocaberg meaning 'Hroca's hill fortification'; Hroca being an Anglo-Saxon man's name pronounced with a silent 'H', and berg being a name for a hill fortification, with the 'g' being pronounced as an 'ee' sound. By the 13th century the name of the town was commonly spelt as Rokeby (or Rookby) before gradually evolving into the modern form by the 18th century.

In 1255, lord of the manor Henry de Rokeby obtained a market charter for Rugby, which became a small rural market town, which it remained until the 19th century. The layout of the streets in the town centre around the market place still follows the pattern set down in medieval times. Rugby's built-up area was only High Street and Sheep Street and North Street and the Market Place.


History of Rugby, Warwickshire

Throughout the Middle Ages, Cistercian monks from Pipewell Abbey in Northamptonshire had an extensive presence in the Rugby area, owning granges and other properties in Rugby itself, plus the surrounding villages of Bilton, Cawston, Church Lawford, Cosford, Dunchurch, Little Lawford, Long Lawford, Newbold-on-Avon, and Thurlaston. Of these the most important was the grange at Cawston. This lasted until the dissolution of the monasteries in the 16th century.

In the 12th century Rugby was mentioned as having a castle at the location of what is now Regent Place. However, the nature of the 'castle' is unknown, and it was possibly little more than a fortified manor house.King Stephen (1135–1154) during the period of civil war known as The Anarchy, and then, as a so-called adulterine castle, built without Royal approval, demolished in around 1157 on the orders of King Henry II. The earthworks for the castle were still clearly visible as late as the 19th century, but have since been built over. According to one theory, the stones from the castle were later used to construct the west tower of St Andrew's Church which bears strong resemblance to a castle, and was probably intended for use in a defensive as well as a religious role.

Lawrence Shreriff founder of Rugby School

One of the most significant events in the town's history was the founding in 1567 of Rugby School: Lawrence Sheriff, a locally born grocer to Queen Elizabeth I, left money in his will to establish a school in Rugby for local boys. The school needed to take some fee-paying pupils from outside the area, to help pay the bills, and gradually became a largely fee-paying school, with most of its pupils coming from outside Rugby. Eventually Lawrence Sheriff School was founded in 1878. to continue Sheriff's intention to provide a free grammar school for the boys of Rugby and surrounding villages.

From medieval times until the late 18th century, the population of Rugby stayed at around 500–1000. It began to grow in the 1770s when the Oxford Canal was constructed around the town and spurred some growth in local industries and in population.

Brushes with history

Rugby and its surrounding area had several brushes with some of the most important events in English history.

"Guy Fawkes House" in Dunchurch


History of Rugby, Warwickshire

"Guy Fawkes House" in Dunchurch

The Rugby area has associations with the Gunpowder Plot – On the eve of the plot on 5 November 1605, the plotters stayed at an inn in nearby Dunchurch to await news of the plot. If it had been successful then they planned to kidnap the princess Elizabeth of Bohemia, who was staying at nearby Coombe Abbey, and install her as Queen.

During the English Civil War in the 17th century, King Charles I is said to have passed through Rugby on his way to Nottingham with 120 Cavalier troops during 1642. The attitudes of the townsfolk were said to be too close to the Parliamentarian cause for the king's liking. One of the most important battles of the war, the Battle of Naseby was fought some 15 miles east of Rugby.

In April 1645 Oliver Cromwell stayed in Rugby along with two regiments of Roundhead troops. He is said to have stayed at the "Shoulder of Mutton Inn" (where the Marks and Spencers shop used to be)

19th-century development

Rugby High Street in 1830

Rugby for centuries was merely High Street, Sheep Street, North Street, and the Market Place. It only grew into an important settlement during the 19th century.

Influence of Rugby School

Rugby School, one of England's oldest and most prestigious public schools, rose to national prominence in the 18th century, during the headmastership of Henry Holyoake (from 1688 to 1731). The school moved to its current location in 1750. Later, the teaching methods pioneered by its headmaster, Dr Thomas Arnold, which contributed to a radical change in Public School education in England. In 1823 William Webb Ellis is said to have invented Rugby Football when he picked up the ball and ran with it.

The growing popularity of the school in the 18th and early 19th century led to an increase in population of the town. Many immigrants came to Rugby, many of whom were Rugby School pupils' parents, who preferred their sons to be able to go to a normal home life each night instead of having to endure school conditions (poor food, crowding, bullies) 24 hours every day; in Rugby such immigrants were called "sojourners". This caused Rugby to expand along Bilton Road and Dunchurch Road.


History of Rugby, Warwickshire

Rugby School during this period was immortalised by Thomas Hughes in his semi-autobiographical novel Tom Brown's Schooldays.

Coming of the railways

The railway at Rugby in 2004

The major factor in the growth of Rugby was the arrival of railways. In 1835 Rugby was a small rural town with a population of around 2,500. However, in 1838, one of the first trunk lines to be built in England, the London and Birmingham Railway, an early part of what later became the West Coast Main Line, was built around the town.

In 1840, the Midland Counties Railway, which linked the East Midlands with North East England, formed a junction with the London and Birmingham, making Rugby the busiest and most important railway junction in Britain.

Soon railways were being built into Rugby from several different directions. The main Trent Valley Line from Stafford was built into Rugby in 1847. A line to Market Harborough and Peterborough was opened in 1850, and a line to Leamington Spa was opened in 1851. The Northampton loop line to Northampton opened in 1881.

For nearly 30 years, nearly all rail traffic between London, the Midlands, the north of England, Scotland, and north Wales passed through Rugby junction, giving the town huge national importance.

The railways of Rugby at their height in 1950. The lines to Leicester, Peterborough, Leamington Spa and the Great Central Main Line have now been closed.

By the 1860s the junction had become extremely congested, so much so that it was not uncommon for trains to have to queue for hours to pass through. This caused much anger and frustration amongst travellers, for whom Rugby became a byword for delays. Charles Dickens lampooned it in his short story Mugby Junction (1866). To relieve this congestion a new line, later called the Midland Main Line, was built, taking a more direct route to London, avoiding Rugby. Much traffic was diverted onto the new line; Rugby remained one of the most important railway junctions in the country, but was no longer an all-important hub.


History of Rugby, Warwickshire

The first Rugby railway station was opened in 1838 when the London & Birmingham opened, located to the west of the present station. When the Midland Counties line was opened in 1840, the original station was badly located to serve the new line, and so a second station was opened close to the present one. This station lasted for over 40 years but proved to be inadequate to cope with traffic. In 1885 the present station was opened.

In 1899 the Great Central Railway was built into Rugby and the town gained a second station Rugby Central which offered an alternative route to London and the north.

Growth of industry

With the railways, many wagon works, and engineering facilities were opened, and Rugby's population reached 10,000 by the 1880s, many employed by the railways. Because of its transport links, a number of industries developed in Rugby.

In 1862 the Rugby Lias Lime and Cement Co. Ltd. was founded, although manufacture of cement at the site began in 1855. Using the local Blue Lias clay.

Rugby began to develop more industries from the 1880s onwards. In 1881 a corset factory opened, employing local women. From the 1890s onwards Rugby began to attract engineering industry, due largely to its good transport links. The Willans & Robinson works opened in Rugby in 1893 which made steam engines. And in 1899 the British Thomson-Houston works opened which made electrical equipment and later turbines. Engineering would dominate the town's economy for most of the following century.

Challenges of growth

By the middle of the 19th century Rugby's infrastructure had not kept pace with the increase in population. Most notably, there was not an adequate supply of drinking water which was mostly sourced from wells and street pumps, nor was there adequate sewerage or sanitation. These problems caused Rugby's growth to stall. In 1849 Rugby became the first town in England to have a Local board of health, beating Croydon by a matter of weeks. The board had powers to levy a rate to provide drinking water and sewage facilities as well as powers to clean and pave streets and provide street lighting. However several early schemes to provide adequate drinking water were unsuccessful. It was not until 1876 that a reliable supply was obtained from the River Avon.


History of Rugby, Warwickshire

Until the 1870s, the cattle market was still held in the town centre as it had been since the Middle Ages. However this became increasingly unpopular with local residents. In 1878 the cattle market was moved near the railway station and within the last few years has been transformed into a housing estate

In 1894 Rugby became an urban district and gained its first elected council.

20th century

Rugby at about the Second World War

The engineering works in Rugby attracted many workers to the town, and in the early decades of the 20th century the population grew rapidly and Rugby's built-up area spread fast in all directions. In 1901 the population of Rugby was 16,950, by the 1930s it had reached 40,000.

Due to its expansion Rugby became a municipal borough in 1932, and the old Rugby Urban District Council was replaced with Rugby Borough Council. The nearby parishes of Bilton, Brownsover, Hillmorton and Newbold-on-Avon were incorporated into the new borough. Further local government reform in 1974 saw the borough expand to include the whole of the abolished Rugby Rural District.

From 1926, near Rugby to its east was a large antenna farm for the Rugby VLF transmitter. All but four of the twelve big radio masts (used to broadcast the MSF time signal) were demolished in June 2004 – delayed by rabbits chewing through the wires controlling detonation.

In the late 1930s Frank Whittle developed the jet engine in Rugby. With his work taking place at the British Thomson-Houston works, and at Brownsover Hall.

Unlike nearby Coventry and Nuneaton, Rugby was highly fortunate to avoid German bombing during the Second World War. This is perhaps somewhat surprising given the town's strategic importance as a railway junction and engineering centre. A few stray bombs landed on Dunchurch and some meant for the English Electric works caused damage to housing at New Bilton, but no other significant bomb damage occurred in the area. According to local legend, a reason why Rugby was not bombed substantially by the Germans during the war was because Unity Mitford, a close friend of Hitler was staying at Hillmorton.


History of Rugby, Warwickshire

In the postwar years Rugby became a centre of the national motorway network. Two of Britain's most important motorways, the M1 and M6, as well as the M45, run close to the town. Rugby expanded further, especially at Brownsover and Cawston where new housing estates were built.

However, during the 1960s several of the railway lines which radiated from Rugby were closed as part of the Beeching axe. These included the once hugely important Midland Counties route to Leicester, the lines to Leamington and Peterborough, and the Great Central Line. Rugby Central Station was closed in 1969, leaving the town with only one station. As of 2006, only the West Coast Mainline still serves the town. During the 1990s the Daventry International Rail Freight Terminal, located just four miles to the east of the town, opened with connections to continental Europe and beyond.

From the 1950s, Rugby gained a substantial Afro-Caribbean community, and a sizable community from the Indian sub-continent, making Rugby a multi-cultural town. There is a small Hindu temple in Rugby; it was converted from two adjacent terrace houses.

21st century

Rugby in 2018.

Two major housing developments have rapidly increased the population of Rugby. The first called Cawston Grange was started in 2003 and vastly enlarged the then tiny hamlet of Cawston to the south-west of the town. Facilities there include a primary school, shops, and a community centre. Cawston is now connected to the rest of the town via Bilton. In conjunction with this the 3.7-mile Rugby Western Relief Road connecting Cawston with Newbold-on-Avon via New Bilton was completed in 2010.

The second major area of development was to the east of the town between Hillmorton and Crick. Located on the site of the former Rugby Radio Station, which was demolished in 2007, the new estate has been named Houlton and upon completion it is projected it will contain 6,200 houses.restaurant/cafe, a village hall and a primary school, with other facilities planned.

The cattle market near the railway station was closed in May 2008. On the site were built houses, offices, a doctor's surgery, a small Tesco supermarket and a Travelodge hotel.Daventry International Rail Freight Terminal was extended in 2011

Historic population


History of Rugby, Warwickshire

Historic population

Year  Population
1562      c 350*
1634      c 650*
1730      c 900*
1801       1,486
1811       1,805
1821       2,300
1831       2,501
1841       4,008
1851       6,851
1861       7,818
1871       8,585
1881       9,891
1891      11,262
1901      16,950
1911      21,758
1921      25,008
1931      35,100
1951      45,428
1961      51,651
1971      59,372
1991      61,100
2001      61,988
2011      70,628
2021      78,125

* From historical estimates. Figures from 1801 onwards taken from census

  * Rugby, Aspects of the Past, and Rugby, Further Aspects of the Past, by the Rugby Local History Group.
  * Rugby: A Pictorial History, by E.W. Timmins (1990) ISBN 0-85033-700-3
  * Rugby's Railway Heritage, by Peter H Elliot (1985) ISBN 0-907917-06-2
  * Rugby Growth of a Town, by Eddy Rawlins & Andy Osborne (1988)
  * Rugby, by Sarah Pernell (2001) ISBN 1-85937-620-7
  * Wait, Rev W.O. (1893). "Rugby:past and present, with an historical account of neighbouring parishes".


Gyula Fényi

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Fényi Gyula (8 January 1845 – 21 December 1927) was a Hungarian Jesuit and astronomer. He is also known by the name P. Julius Fenyi SJ. He is best known for his work on the Sun and leading the Haynald Observatory to be a leader in solar studies.

Life

Commemorative plaque on birthplace (Sopron, Hungary)

Monument to Gyula Fényi (Kalocsa, Hungary).

He was born in Sopron, Hungary, the eleventh child of a merchant family. In 1864 he became a member of the Society of Jesus, and he was sent to Kalocsa where he would be an instructor of chemistry, mathematics, physics and the natural history of the world. He studied at the university at Innsbruck beginning in 1874, where he trained in theology, mathematics and physics. After completing his studies in 1878, he would return to teaching and also serve as an assistant at the Haynald Observatory in Kalocsa. In 1885 he became the director of the observatory, and would remain at this post until retiring due to poor health in 1913. He continued his astronomical observations even in retirement.


Gyula Fényi

Fényi Gyula was noted for his observations of the Sun, including spectroscopic studies of solar prominences, as well as sun spots. He was the first person to demonstrate a correlation between the number of solar prominences and the number of sun spots. Between 1880 until 1919 he assembled over 6,000 drawings of the Sun, all using the same instrument. (These drawings are archived at the Heliophysical Observatory, in Debrecen, Hungary.) He published over 200 scientific papers in several languages. In 1916 he was elected a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

The crater Fényi on the Moon and asteroid 115254 Fényi are named after him.

  * List of Jesuit scientists
  * List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
  * Short biography of Julius Fenyi


Mansuri, Khuzestan

For the other city also called Mansuri in Khuzestan Province, see Mansureh-ye Olya.

Mansuri (Persian: منصوري, also Romanized as Manşūrī)Salami Rural District, Khanafereh District, Shadegan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2018 census, its population was 500,001 in 98,056 families.


Polyptychoides insulanus

Polyptychoides insulanus is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from eastern Africa.


Saloba

Saloba is a commune in the Cercle of Macina in the Ségou Region of Mali. The commune covers an area of about 647 square kilometers and contains 42 villages.Sarro.

  * Plan de Sécurité Alimentaire Commune Rurale de Saloba 2007-2011 (PDF) (in French), Commissariat à la Sécurité Alimentaire, République du Mali, USAID-Mali, 2006, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-21.


North Notts College

North Notts College (previously North Nottinghamshire College) is a further education college in Worksop in the county of Nottinghamshire in England. It has 1300 full-time and 8,000 part-time students and 500 employees.

  * North Nottinghamshire College website

53°18′50″N 1°07′14″W / 53.3139°N 1.1206°W


The Royal Proclamation Against Seditious Writings and Publications was issued by George III of Great Britain on 21 May 1792 in response to the growth of radicalism in Britain inspired by the French Revolution, in particular the phenomenal popularity of Thomas Paine's Rights of Man.

In April a group of Foxite Whig MPs formed the Society of the Friends of the People to agitate for parliamentary reform, which alarmed the British Prime Minister William Pitt.Duke of Portland, who showed it to Fox and other Whigs.

The historian John Ehrman said that while the Proclamation was not occasioned solely by the Rights of Man it was nevertheless "a remarkable tribute to a single book".Letter Addressed to the Addressers on the Late Proclamation.


Morley Torgov

Morley Torgov CM (born 3 December 1927) is a Canadian novelist, humorist and lawyer. He was a partner in the Toronto-based legal firm Olch, Torgov, Cohen LLP.

Torgov was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. He studied law in Toronto at Osgoode Hall, formally becoming a lawyer in 1954. Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario awarded him an honorary Doctor of Letters degree in 1990. His 1982 novel was adapted into the 1988 film The Outside Chance of Maximilian Glick, of the same name. His short story collection A Good Place To Come From was made into a TV series.

Torgov is the father of actress and artist Sarah Torgov.

Honours

In 2015, he was named a member of the Order of Canada.

Awards and recognition


Morley Torgov

Awards and recognition

  * 1975: winner, Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour, A Good Place to Come From
  * 1977: finalist, Books in Canada First Novel Award, The Abramsky Variations
  * 1983: winner, Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour, The Outside Chance of Maximilian Glick
  * 1974: A Good Place to Come From (Lester and Orpen Dennys) ISBN 0-919630-66-9
  * 1977: The Abramsky Variations (Lester and Orpen Dennys) ISBN 0-919630-80-4
  * 1982: The Outside Chance of Maximilian Glick (Lester and Orpen Dennys) ISBN 0-919630-29-4, paperback ISBN 1-55192-548-6, Seal paperback ISBN 0-7704-2431-7
  * 1990: St Farb's Day (Lester and Orpen Dennys) ISBN 0-88619-333-8
  * 1998: The War to End All Wars (Malcolm Lester) ISBN 1-894121-06-6
  * 2002: Stickler and Me (Raincoast) ISBN 1-55192-546-X
  * 2008: Murder in A-major (RendezVous Crime) ISBN 1-894917-65-0
  * 2012: The Mastersinger from Minsk (Dundurn) ISBN 978-1-4597-0203-5
  * Morley Torgov profile, The Canadian Encyclopedia; accessed 10 May 2017.
  * "Famous Canadians: Morley Torgov"
  * "Morley Torgov". Beverley Slopen Literary Agency
  * "Morley Torgov profile". Olch, Torgov, Cohen. Archived from the original on 26 December 2003
  * Kirshner, Sheldon (6 June 2012). "Novelist Hasn't Quit His Day Job Yet". Canadian Jewish News


The Repatriation Commission Outpatient Clinic at 310 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Australia, is an Art Deco building of architectural and historical significance as the only remaining Repatriation Commission Outpatient Clinic or Commonwealth building built for the health and wellbeing of the original ANZACs (i.e., World War I veterans).

Significantly the building was constructed for the ANZACs of World War I nearly 20 years after the end of the war. The clinic subsequently supported the wellbeing of veterans of World War II, Korean War and Vietnam War. The Australian veteran community consider it a sacred place due to the connection to the suffering of veterans returned from those wars.

Post-World War I

In 1936 the Repatriation Commission took control of a parcel of land on the corner of St Kilda Road and Coventry St from the Department of Defence to construct a facility to address the needs of the large population of World War I veterans.

'The out-patient clinic, which is at present within the Branch Office on St. Kilda-road, Melbourne, is so congested that no longer can the conditions be allowed to remain, and plans have been prepared for the erection of an out-patient clinic on a site made available by the Defence Department. All preliminaries have been hastened and an early commencement of the work of construction is anticipated.'

Original floor plan of the Repatriation Commission Outpatient Clinic

'With increasing numbers requiring out-patient treatment, the accommodation at the Branch Office in St. Kilda-road was inadequate. Men suffering from all types of disabilities, many of them accompanied by their wives and children, had to sit in a basement waiting room. Another inconvenience through lack of space was the necessity for accommodating two medical examiners in each of the small cubicles built as examination rooms. These disabilities, together with other factors, made it imperative that better conditions should be provided. It was decided to erect a new out-patient clinic, the building embodying the latest facilities, including air conditioning, single rooms for medical examining officers, and a large general waiting room.'

On this site the Repatriation Commission Outpatient Clinic was built adjacent to Victoria Barracks, Melbourne, it was opened on 15 November 1937,

The design of the Repatriation Clinic created some controversy with Sir Arthur Streeton criticising


Original functional spaces

  * Reception
  * Large central waiting hall
  * Pharmaceutical dispensary and store room
  * Ducted heating
  * Medical examination rooms
  * Clarks offices
  * Theatre for minor surgery procedures
  * Dressing station
  * Sisters office
  * Nursing examination office
  * Massage
  * Administrative offices
  * Archives file room

Facade of the former Repatriation Commission Outpatient Clinic, 2018

The Repatriation Commission 1938 Annual Report to the Australian Parliament the Commission stated 'The Repatriation Clinic opened in St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, in November, 1937, now provides satisfactory conditions for those patients whose ailments need out-patient supervision and treatment. All modern facilities except those which can only be provided in large centres, e.g. deep X-ray and Radium Therapy, are available at this institution. The commission is gradually adding to the therapeutic armament at its institutions, so that the medical staffs will not be handicapped in their efforts to aid their patients... The spacious warmed waiting hall has proved a great boon to the patients, and the improved conditions for the medical and other staffs are greatly appreciated.'

During World War 2 the clinic continued in its role. A report by the Department of Administrative Services (DAS) in 1982 indicated that General Douglas MacArthur's headquarters occupied the basement level. In commenting on the future use of the clinic, in its 1982 report DAS also said "Defence propose to use the building for storage. This is considered an unbecoming use for the building with such a prominent position, bearing in mind that the building appears structurally sound and in reasonably good condition. The Victoria Barracks Historical Committee support retention of the building and a better use should be found" (NAA ID 23832143).

Post-World War II

Up to 250 veterans visited the clinic each day with as many as 200 at a time waiting to see one of the six doctors available. As early as 1946 complaints emerged that the clinic was too small and understaffed for the large number of veterans attending each day. The delays and inability to see a doctor after hours caused veterans to lose earnings, leading to increased calls to see their own doctors in the suburban consulting rooms. These calls where rejected.

An extension was added to the building in 1950 for a war neurosis clinic, designed by D. B. Windebank.


Based on the success of the addition of the neurosis clinic the Minister for Repatriation, Senator Sir Walter Cooper (Queensland politician) M.B.E. (Mil), and the Repatriation Department, planned to establish outpatient clinics for psychiatric treatment in all capital cities.

Since the clinic was opened the Australian Red Cross maintained a canteen where tea, coffee and biscuits were provided. As many as 25 volunteers ran the canteen on a non-profit basis to support and comfort the veterans waiting for their appointments. Between 200 and 250 where served by the Red Cross on a daily basis between 10am and 4pm. One veteran reported to have served in the Sudan War was affectionately called 'Keep Smiling' for his happy disposition.

The Clinic was singled out in the Master Builders Federation of Australia (NSW) journal, Building and Engineering, of 25 September 1950, representing the attractive properties on St Kilda Rd. "The people of Melbourne are rightly proud of their splendid St Kilda Road, which, extending from Princes Bridge over the Yarra to St Kilda, is undoubtedly one of the finest thoroughfares in Australia, and with its continuous rows of trees which arch overhead, being very reminiscent of the Parisian boulevardes. Naturally the civic authorities, with the full support of the people of Melbourne, are jealous of the preservation of the beauty of this thoroughfare, and exercises care in regard to the buildings that are erected along it. Our illustration shows the Outpatient Clinic for the Repatriation Commission of Victoria, which was erected fronting St. Kilda Road in the years immediately prior to world War II. The building was designed by the Department of the Interior and erected by Blease, MacPherson and Co.".


The Repatriation Clinic began relocation to 444 St Kilda Rd in 1979, and ceased operations from the Clinic in 1980. Consideration was given to the future use of the property with reports from 1982 indicating it would be handed back to the Department of Defence. Defence indicated that it would be used for storage, while the Department of Administrative Services recommended a more fitting use given its prominent location and good condition. Once handed back to the Department of Defence it was used as the Maintenance Engineering Agency (MEA), now the Land Engineering Agency (LEA), until December 1995. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Public Works considered a proposal in 1993 to repurpose the building into its original purpose as the Defence Health Care Centre (DHCC) at a cost of $1.3million, which was not approved.

Toward the end of 1995 the outcome of a compensation matter was resolved for staff of the MEA who had been working at 310 St Kilda Rd. Nominated staff were to be "paid a disability allowance at the rate of $2 per day for each day or part of a day worked at either locality by the officer or employee during that period". The claim was in "respect of the detrimental effect on working conditions that resulted from building and alteration activities at these sites from 18 April 1994 to 1 July 1994 inclusive".

On 15 November 2017, the 80th anniversary of the opening of the Repatriation Clinic, Senator Derryn Hinch moved motion no.563 in the Senate to acknowledge the event and the significance of the clinic to the wellbeing of the veteran community while Victorian Member of Parliament, Tim McCurdy, acknowledged the milestone in the Parliament of Victoria.

  * [Art Deco gates]
    Art Deco gates
  * [Original theatre intact, circa 2013]
    Original theatre intact, circa 2013
  * [Medical symbol (the Rod of Asclepius) in an Art Deco design in the waiting hall, 2013]
    Medical symbol (the Rod of Asclepius) in an Art Deco design in the waiting hall, 2013

The building has been the victim of graffiti vandalism. In November 2019 a graffiti tag was left on the southern side, while on 16 March 2023 the building was tagged on the upper part of the southern side with 'Evoke'.


* [310 St Kilda Rd Graffiti Tag, November 2019]
    310 St Kilda Rd Graffiti Tag, November 2019
  * [Evoke Tag on 310 St Kilda Rd, March 2023]
    Evoke Tag on 310 St Kilda Rd, March 2023

The clinic's future

After the clinic had been sitting vacant for nearly two decades, the Shadow Minister for Veterans' Affairs, David Feeney, delivered an adjournment speechAustralian House of Representatives on 26 March 2015 expressing his support for the proposal raised by the ex-service organisation and veterans charity, the Australian National Veterans Arts Museum (ANVAM) to turn the "unused building back to its original glory and once again help aid in repatriating our returned soldiers back into the community through the use of art rehabilitation". Within two months, on 6 May 2015, the Department of Defence added the Repatriation Clinic to its Disposal Program. On 22 June 2015 ANVAM wrote to the responsible Minister Darren Chester MP enquiring about the path available under the Commonwealth Property Disposal Policy (CPDP) that did not preclude an off-market sale to a non-Government entity in line with the precedent set also at Victoria Barracks in 1994 of the sale of land for $1 to a child care centre.

The Australian Labor Party (ALP) released a policy

Repatriation Clinic waiting hall, circa 2013

In the same year the Department of Defence indicated the former Repatriation Clinic would be sold that attracted some political


Later in 2016 the Department of Defence indicated negotiations were underway to transfer the property to the State Government of Victoria. A nominationHeritage Victoria for the listing of the Repatriation Clinic on the Victorian Heritage Register. A report (Ref: 200349) was prepared for the Victorian Heritage Council in May 2017 noting that "The Former Repatriation Outpatients Clinic has a special association with returned service personnel from conflicts since World War I. For present day returned personnel, the place provides a strong emotional connection to past veterans and their experiences of war trauma and disability". The report was not considered by the Council pending the outcome of the sale process. In February 2017 the Herald Sun reported that the Department of Defence was planning to put the property on the open market. At this time Senator Derryn Hinch became involved and through direct lobbying was able to prevent further progress toward a commercial sale in the expectation that the State Government could be convinced to make an offer for the property to support the proposal put forward by ANVAM.

A Change.org petition undertaken by ANVAM during 2017 to "Save the WW1 Heritage Building at 310 St Kilda Road to Help Veterans" attracted over 13,600 signatures supporting ANVAM's proposal to return it to the veteran community as a cultural centre for veterans wellbeing.

Amanda Rishworth, Shadow Minister for Veterans' Affairs, restated the Australian Labor Party's commitment to dedicating the property for veterans arts in April 2017.

As part of its community engagement program, ANVAM worked with RMIT interior design students in 2017 to envision potential designs for the clinic as a cultural institution with some projects presented online.

The future of the property was first raised in Senate Estimates by Senator Derryn Hinch on 1 March 2017

 1. 29 May 2017 Senator Alex Gallacher
 2. 17 Nov 2017 Senator Don Farrell QoN
 3. 25 Nov 2017 Senator Alex Gallacher
 4. 28 Feb 2018 Senator Kimberley Kitching
 5. 30 May 2018 Senator Alex Gallacher and Senator Kimberley Kitching
 6. 24 Nov 2018 Senator Alex Gallacher
 7. 23 Nov 2019 Senator David Van QoN
 8. 23 Nov 2019 Senator Kimberley Kitching QON
 9. 27 Oct 2021 Senator David Van.QoN
10. 16 Feb 2022 Senator David Van
11. 17 Feb 2022 Senator David Van
12. 1 Apr 2022 Senator David Van
13. 9 Nov 2022 Senator David Van


In its response to Questions on Notice from the 30 May 2018 Senate Estimates, Defence indicated the sale is progressing in accordance with the Commonwealth Property Disposal Policy (CPDP). Defence also indicated the site was surplus to Defence requirements.

On 20 March 2019 the Assistant Minister for Defence, Senator David Fawcett, instructed the Department of Defence to progress the sale of property due to an apparent lack of interest of the State Government in the property three years after it was first invited to make an offer. When asked by Jon Faine on ABC Radio Melbourne on 25 March 2019, Darren Chester, Minister for Veterans' Affairs, indicated he was supportive of the initiative to establish a cultural institution for veterans wellbeing but unaware of the decision to sell the property despite his ministerial appointment. Senator Fawcett reversed the decision on 28 March 2019 prior to caretaker period for the 2019 Federal Election commencing on 10 April 2019 upon learning that the Melbourne City Council was in discussions with ANVAM over its proposed use of the site, and the benefits it would bring to the City of Melbourne.

As an expression of tri-party support the three primary candidates for the Division of Macnamara in the 2019 Federal election, Josh Burns (ALP), Kate Ashmor (Liberal) and Steph Hodgins-May (Greens), publicly endorsed the initiative to create a cultural institution for veterans wellbeing during a community forum on 16 April 2019.

Amanda Rishworth released the Australian Labor Party's 2019 election veterans policy re-stating that "it is a site of significance for many in the veterans' and ex-serving community" and committing to its future for the benefit of the veteran community on 10 May 2019.

In April 2020 Melbourne City Council expressed interest in the property in order to support veterans through the proposal for a cultural institution. Following its July 2020 meeting Council indicated to Defence it was undertaking due diligence into the property.

Architectural firm ARM Architecture (company) prepared a concept design in June 2020 for ANVAM for the transformation of the clinic into a wellbeing focussed community arts and cultural institution. The concept design emphasised retaining heritage features, consistent with Heritage Victoria's recommendations to the Victorian Heritage Council, for the benefit of the veteran community and the original purpose of the property.


In response to a question on 9 December 2020 from Stuart Grimley MP during Question Time, Victorian Minister for Veterans, Shaun Leane MP, indicated that Melbourne City Council had some interest in purchasing the site and that he, as the State Veterans Minister, held considerable support to establish a veterans cultural institution in the property.

Repatriation Clinic remediation works, Jul 2022

During Senate Estimates on 27 October 2021, the Department of Defence revealed that Melbourne City Council has voted to decline the invitation to make an offer for an off-market concessional sale. Through a line of questions by Senator Van the point was made that Melbourne City Council was unable to progress with the sale, and therefore retention of the property in public ownership, due to the poor state of repair caused by the Department of Defence's management of the site since 1995 when it was last occupied. Senator Van asked the hypothetical question of the Department of Defence "what would it look like if it was turned into a block of appartments. What would the public perception of Defence be?". Later, in January 2022, Defence removed the property from the disposal list, with an announcement by Minister Melissa Price (politician) MP on 17 February 2022 that the federal government intended to invest in the property for Department of Defence (Australia) and veterans use.Lovell Chen, was engaged to prepare a feasibility study to support the governments decision. Soon after a temporary fence was erected around the property and remediation works commenced. Later in October 2022, the local newspaper, the Southbank News, reported that Minister Matt Thistlethwaite MP had determined the building would be used for offices and meeting rooms pointing out that this was a backflip to its pre-election support for its original 2016 policy.

Under Freedom of Information (FOI) a reportLovell Chen was released on 9 November 2022. The report presented three options for the adaptive reuse of the property including:

 1. Offices
 2. Conference Centre + Defence Community
 3. Childcare Centre + Conference Centre + Offices

In each option at least 265m2 of car parking was included with Lovell Chen's view on the 'highest and best use' being Option 3. NB. The established 'One Tree Defence Childcare Unit' is 100m away on Coventry St.

Veterans' war service


Veterans' war service

Veterans who attended the Repatriation Clinic between 1937 and 1975 for medical and allied health support saw service in the following wars:

  * Suakin Expedition of the New South Wales Contingent in the Sudan War (1885)
  * Second Boer War (1899-1902)
  * World War I (1915-1918)
  * World War II (1939-1945)
  * Korean War (1950-1953)
  * Malayan Emergency (1950-1963)
  * Vietnam War (1962-1972)

Notable patients

Notable veterans who attended the Repatriation Clinic:

  * GEN Sir Henry Harry Chauvel GCMG, KCB served in the Boer War and was a senior officer of the 1st AIF who led the Desert Mounted Corps during World War I.
  * James Rogers (Australian soldier) VC was a Boer War and World War I veteran and Victoria Cross recipient from action during the Boer War.
  * LTCOL James Newland VC served in the Boer War, World War I and World War II and Victoria Cross recipient from action in France during WWI.
  * 20178 BDR Napier Waller CMG OBE was wounded while serving in France during World War I. He used art to rehabilitate later awarded Imperial Honours for services to art.
  * VX16999 L/SGT Joseph (Joe) Newton who served as an RASigs linesman in Crete and Papua New Guinea during World War II. He is the father of TV personality Bert Newton.

Staff

  * Miss May Duggan, Sister-in-Charge, (1937-1942)
  * Dr. J. V. Griffith
  * Dr. R. S. Kennedy, Neurosis Specialist
  * Sister M. Wallace
  * Dr. G. C. Burston, (1949)

Red Cross staff

  * Mrs R. S. Hammerberg
  * Mrs B. Ross
  * Mrs W. E. Fyfe (original volunteer)
  * Miss I. Haig (original volunteer)
  * www.anvam.org.au
  * www.defence.gov.au/id/PropertyDisposals/RepatriationBuilding.asp


Golden-crowned manakin

The golden-crowned manakin (Lepidothrix vilasboasi) is a small species of perching bird in the manakin family (Pipridae). It is endemic to the south-central Amazon Rainforest in Brazil, and it is threatened by habitat loss.

Discovery and recovery

Helmut Sick described this species in 1959 based on a series of specimens collected a few years before near a small tributary of the upper Rio Cururu-ri in the east Brazilian Amazon. The species was only rediscovered (in part due to confusion over the original type locality) in 2002Jamanxim and Tapajos rivers and the Cachimbo Range.

Hybrid speciation

Genomic analyses indicates that the species is of hybrid origin between the opal-crowned manakin and snow-capped manakin and may represent one of a few cases of hybrid species in birds.structural colours produced by different nanostructural organizations of the feather barb keratin matrix.

The yellow crown of the golden-crowned manakin is intermediate between the two parent species which is thought to have disrupted the structural mechanisms of the parents leading to the much duller look of its crown. Following hybridization, sexual selection is proposed to have favored sequestration of yellow producing carotenoid pigments into the crown as a way to render males more attractive to females.

  * Schulenberg, T.S., ed. (2010). "Golden-crowned manakin (Lepidothrix vilasboasi)". Neotropical Birds Online. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
  * "Golden-crowned manakin Lepidothrix vilasboasi". BirdLife International. Species Factsheet.


Nepezzano

Nepezzano is a suburb (frazione) of the provincial capital Teramo, Italy and is located about 4 miles away from the town center.

The first written documentation regarding Nepezzano dates back to the 12th century in a listing of feudal properties (Rassegna dei Feudatar) found in the county of Teramo (then known as "Aprutina"). These documents show that one Maccabeo Melatino and his relatives had made claim to Nepezzano, along with the neighboring localities Monticello and Campora.

According to the historian Niccola Palma, the feudal castle of the Melatino family towered above a hill then known as Mount Marino. The castle was positioned in such a manner so as to provide an unobstructed view of the small village below and of the Melatino holdings. Through the beginning of the 19th century, traces of the castle ruins were still to be found alongside the district road coursing through this location. Professor Palma writes that a stone tablet found nearby carried the Latin inscription "Iter. Privat Fundi Nepotiani." At one time this was probably placed at one of the entry points to a location carrying the name Nepotiano. Thus, the derivation of the name of the town currently known as Nepazzano. The word "Nepotiano" noted on this boundary stone perhaps refers to a Roman colony linked to the larger city of "Pretut" (the ancient name for the town today known as Teramo).

With regard to its ecclesiastical heritage, in 1188 Pope Clement III issued a Papal Bull placing Nepezzano, along with the San Martino church and associated land holdings, under the tutelage of the town of San Nicolò a Tordino. This remained in effect until San Nicolò a Tordino itself could no longer claim to be unclaimed by any sovereign entity.

In 1351 Nepezzano was united with the Comune di Teramo and remains to this day a suburb of this city.


Nepezzano

Towards the end of the 16th century, several colonies in the Abruzzo region were founded by groups of Venetian warriors and exiles known as "Schiavoni" and more specifically arriving from the Dalmatian coastal region of the Adriatic Sea. One such settlement was found in Cologna, today a suburb of the town of Roseto degli Abruzzi. Another small group of country houses, constructed of earth covered straw, was found near Nepezzano in an area today known as Villa Schiavoni. A group of Schiavoni went to live in Teramo proper where a free standing village arose. In memory of their ancestors, thedescendants of the Schiavoni constructed a chapel in the Cathedral of Teramo and dedicated it to Saint Nicholas of Bari. On 23 June 1809 Nepezzano, along with the neighboring town of Ripattone, suffered greatly when they were captured by Italian brigand troops fighting against the Napoleonic occupation.

The church in Nepezzano was restored in 1931 by the parish priest, Domenico Pirocchi, who installed a new bell tower. The street leading up to the church was completed in 1927.

For many centuries, the Di Domenicatonio family retained vast holdings of land near Teramo in the suburbs of Nepezzano, Villa Schiavoni, and Coste Sant’Agostino.

In the early 1900s, one infamous native of this town, Marco Reginelli emigrated to Penns Grove and later Camden, New Jersey where he was involved in underworld matters.

42°41′N 13°45′E / 42.683°N 13.750°E


Gyula Alvics

Gyula Alvics (born 12 January 1960) is a Hungarian boxer. He competed in the men's heavyweight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

  * Gyula Alvics at Olympics.com
  * Gyula Alvics at Olympedia


Golden-lined spinefoot

The golden-lined spinefoot (Siganus lineatus), also known as the goldlined rabbitfish or lined rabbitfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a rabbitfish belonging to the family Siganidae. It is found in the tropical Western Pacific and along the coasts of northern Australia.

Taxonomy

The golden-lined spinefoot was first formally described in 1835 as Amphacanthus lineatus by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes with the type locality given as the Western Pacific.Siganus lineatus in the waters off the Maldives, southern India and Sr Lanka had been considered to be conspecific with S. lineatus but differences in the colour and pattern as well as genetic differences showed that this was a valid, allopatric species, S. insomnis.specific name lineatus means "lined", a reference to the wavy bands along its body.

Description

The golden-lined spinefoot has a laterally compressed body, which has a depth that is just over half its standard length. The dorsal profile of the head is steep and there is a slight indentation above the eyes. The front nostril has a low rim which is larger to the rear. There is a forward pointing spine in front of the dorsal fin which is embedded in the nape.dorsal fin has 13 spines and 10 soft rays while the anal fin has 7 spines and 9 soft rays.caudal fin is emarginate to weakly forked.43 cm (17 in), although 25 cm (9.8 in) is more typical.pelvic fin, and the outermost fin ray, are silvery, the rest are dusky blue. The pectoral fins are hyaline.

Distribution and habitat

The golden-lined spinefoot is found in the Indo-West Pacific from the Gulf of Thailand and the Philippines east to Vanuatu and south to northern Australia.Western Australia east along the northern tropical coast to the Capricorn Group in southern Queensland, as well as at Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea and Murray Island in the Coral Sea.Ogasawara, Europic and Caroline Islands. It has been found as deep as 25 m (82 ft)

Biology


Golden-lined spinefoot

Biology

Golden-lined spinefoots form schools which decrease in size with the age of the fish and range from 10 to 25 fish in the adults, although they may from aggregations of several thousand fish when spawning. They feed on encrusting algae which they scrape off from beach rock or pavement areas of coral reefs, and on larger leafy algae.venom in the spines of its fins.congener it was found that rabbitfish venom was similar to the venom of stonefishes.

Fisheries

The golden-lined spinefoot is largely caught with set nets and fixed traps, and is commonly sold in fish markets as fresh fish.

  * WoRMS
  * Animaldiversity Web
  * Food and Feeding habits
  * Science direct
  * Photos of Golden-lined spinefoot on Sealife Collection


Pyramidelloidea

Pyramidelloidea is a superfamily of mostly very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks and micromollusks within the clade Panpulmonata.

This is a voluminous taxon: above the species level close to 400 named taxa are referred to this gastropod superfamily.

Pyramidelloidea has both fossil and recent members. They live as ectoparasites on bivalve molluscs and polychaete worms, and have a sharp, piercing stylet instead of a radula.

Distribution

This taxon is found worldwide.

Taxonomy

1999 taxonomy

Taxonomy by Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999):

  * Superfamily Pyramidelloidea Gray, 1840
      + Family Amathinidae Ponder, 1987
      + Family Ebalidae Warén, 1994 - synonym: Anisocyclidae van Aartsen, 1995
      + Family Odostomiidae Pelseneer, 1928
          o Subfamily Odostomiinae Pelseneer, 1928
          o Subfamily Chrysallidinae Saurin, 1958
          o Subfamily Odostomellinae Saurin, 1958
          o Subfamily Cyclostremellinae Moore, 1966
      + Family Pyramidellidae J. E. Gray, 1840
          o Subfamily Pyramidellinae J.E. Gray, 1840
          o Subfamily Sayellinae Wise, 1996
      + Family Syrnolidae Saurin, 1958
          o Subfamily Syrnolinae Saurin, 1958
          o Subfamily Tiberiinae Saurin, 1958
      + Family Turbonillidae Bronn, 1849
          o Subfamily Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849
          o Subfamily Eulimellinae Saurin, 1958
          o Subfamily Cingulininae Saurin, 1959

2005 taxonomy

Pyramidelloidea has been classified within the informal group Lower Heterobranchia in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).

Taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005:

  * Superfamily Pyramidelloidea
      + Family Pyramidellidae
      + Family Amathinidae
      + † Family Heteroneritidae
      + Family Murchisonellidae

2010 taxonomy

Jörger et al. (2010)redefined major groups within the Heterobranchia and they moved Pyramidelloidea to Panpulmonata.


Pyramidelloidea

Pyramidelloidean genera of uncertain familial position

  * Bidentata de Castellanos, 1982
  * Calyptopolyptychia Gougerot, 1968
  * Laeviselica Gougerot & Le Renard, 1977
  * Lysacme Dall & Bartsch, 1904
  * Microthyca A. Adams, 1863
  * Oopyramis Thiele, 1930
  * Sulcorinella Dall & Bartsch, 1904


Safveti Ziya

Safveti Ziya is an Ottoman-Turkish writer. Born in Istanbul, Safveti Ziya attended the Galatasaray High School. He held various government posts, and in the early years of the republic, he became chief of protocol in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

In 1896 he joined the French-influenced Servet-i Fünun literary movement. Safveti Ziya is best known for his novel Salon Köşelerinde (1910), a portrait of the cosmopolitan social life of Istanbul.

His works: Bir Tesadüf (1900) Bir Safha-i Kalp (1900) Salon Köşelerinde (roman, 1912) Haralambos Cankiyadis (oyun, 1912) Hanım Mektupları (1913) Kadın Ruhu (öykü, 1914) Silinnmiş Çehreler-Bilinen Simalar (öykü 1924) Adab-ı Muaşeret Hasbihalleri (1927) Nasıl Giyinmeli? (1929) Yarım Kalmış Yıldız Böcekler (1908-1909) Dahilî Teşrifat Rehberi (1928)


North Okkalapa Township

North Okkalapa Township (Burmese: မြောက်‌ဥက္ကလာပ မြို့နယ် [mjaʊʔ ʔoʊʔkəlàpa̰ mjo̰nɛ̀]) is located in the eastern part of Yangon. The township comprises 19 wards, and shares borders with Hlegu Township and Mingaladon township in the north, North Dagon Township in the east, Mingaladon Township and Mayangon Township in the west, and Kamayut Township, and Mayangon and South Okkalapa Townships in the south.nominal access to the city's electricity grid and sewer system. It is located in the 5 to 30 minute drive zone to Yangon International Airport, the primary and busiest international airport of Myanmar, located in Mingaladon Township. For those who loves local trips, Aung Mingalar Highway Bus Station is located within 30 min drive zone from the township.

Education

The township has 30 government primary schools, seven middle schools and five high schools.

It is also homeland to one of the most selective universities in the nation: the University of Medicine 2, Yangon, and the University of Pharmacy, Yangon.

Free monastery Foreign Speaking Training Classes and paid ones can be found in the zone.

Also, Private soft skill training schools and computer training centers are located most of strategic locations in the township.

Health

The North Okkalapa General Hospital, an affiliated teaching hospital of the University of Medicine 2, is the major hospital for the township and vicinity.

Waibargi Hospital is well-known for providing medical treatments regarding infectious diseases.

Many private hospitals such as La Gabar, OSC and Shwe LaMin hospitals which are well-known for treatments and services are located in the township.

Moreover, there are so many private clinics can be found everywhere in the township.

Parks and gardens


North Okkalapa Township

Parks and gardens

Name                Estimated Area  Location                                                                  Notes
Okkalar Thiri Park                  Near Khaymar Thi Rd and Thudhamma Rd Junction (Awine)                     recreation place to take exercises and get refreshment
Kan Thar Yar Park                   Near Khaymar Thi Rd and Thudhamma Rd Junction (Fun Valley)                Kantharyar shopping center, Bogyoke Statue,Fun Valley, food stores and kid's playground are located in the park zone.
Mya Yi Nandar Park                  Withakar Street, nearby Waibargi Fire Station and electrical Substation.

Landmarks

The following is a list of landmarks in North Okkalapa township.

Structure                       Type           Address                                                             Notes
Meilamu Pagoda                  Pagoda         Thudhamma Road
Mahar Kyain Thitsarshin Pagoda  Buddha Statue  Thunandar Road, near junction of Thunandar Road And Thudhamma Road

Mahar Kyein Thit Sar Shin Pagoda

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Leisure Class

Leisure class is an alternative term for upper class. It may also refer to

  * The Theory of the Leisure Class, seminal 1899 economics work
  * Leisure Class (band), American rock band
  * The Leisure Class, 2015 American film
  * Old money
  * Gentry
  * Ruling class
  * Café society
  * Jet set
  * Leisure
  * The Idle Rich (disambiguation)


Haarajoki

Haarajoki

Haarajoki is a district in northern Järvenpää, Finland. In 2014, Haarajoki had a population of 1,539.Haarajoki railway station is located in Haarajoki.

60°29′48″N 25°07′44″E / 60.4968°N 25.1288°E