David Brower

Coffee table books

Brower began Sierra Club Books' Exhibit Format book series with This is the American Earth in 1960, followed by the highly successful In Wildness Is the Preservation of the World, with color photographs by Eliot Porter in 1962. These coffee-table books sold well and introduced the Sierra Club to new members interested in wilderness preservation. Brower published two new titles a year in the series, but they began to lose money for the organization after 1964, though many claim they were the primary cause of the Club's extraordinary growth and rise to national prominence. Financial management began to be a bone of contention between Brower and the Club's board of directors.

Membership rises, revenues drop

Under Brower's leadership from 1952 to 1969, the club's membership expanded tenfold, from 7,000 to 70,000 members, becoming the nation’s leading environmental membership organization. Building on the biennial Wilderness Conferences which the Club launched in 1949 together with The Wilderness Society, Brower helped the Club win passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964. Brower and the Sierra Club also led a major battle to stop the Bureau of Reclamation from building two dams that would flood portions of the Grand Canyon. In 1964, Brower organized a dory river expedition led by Martin Litton with Philip Hyde and author Francois Leydet. The trip led to the book Time and The River Flowing which galvanized public opposition to the dams. In June 1966, the Club placed full-page ads in the New York Times and the Washington Post asking: "Should we also flood the Sistine Chapel so tourists can get nearer the ceiling?" The campaign brought in many new members. The Internal Revenue Service announced it was suspending the Club's non-profit 501(c)(3) charitable organization status. The board had set up the Sierra Club Foundation as an alternative for tax-deductible contributions, but revenues to the Club dropped, despite victories in blocking the Grand Canyon dams and a considerable increase in membership.

Board conflict and resignation


David Brower

Board conflict and resignation

As annual deficits increased, tension grew between Brower and the Sierra Club board of directors. Another conflict grew over the Club's position on the Diablo Canyon Power Plant planned for construction by Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) near San Luis Obispo, California. The Club had played a major role in blocking PG&E's plan for a nuclear power plant at Bodega Bay in the early 1960s, but that campaign had centered on the earthquake danger from the nearby San Andreas Fault, not out of opposition to nuclear power itself. The Club's board of directors had voted to support the Diablo Canyon site for the power plant in exchange for PG&E's moving its initial site from the environmentally sensitive Nipomo Dunes. In 1967, a membership referendum upheld the board's policy. Brower had come to believe that nuclear power was a dangerous mistake at any location, and he publicly voiced his opposition to Diablo Canyon, in defiance of the Club's official policy.

Sierra Club board elections in the late 1960s produced sharply defined pro- and anti-Brower factions. In 1968, Brower's supporters won a majority, but in 1969, anti-Brower candidates won all five open positions. Brower was charged with financial recklessness and insubordination by two of his former close friends, photographer Ansel Adams and board president Richard Leonard. Brower's resignation was accepted by a board vote of ten to five.

Rejoins and resigns from board

Eventually reconciled with the Sierra Club, Brower was elected to the board of directors for a term from 1983 to 1988, and again from 1995 to 2000. Brower was deeply concerned about issues of overpopulation and immigration – one of many issues that led to his resignation in protest from the board of directors in 2000.Boone Hallberg, a botanist who immigrated to Oaxaca to build a more sustainable agricultural economy in the area that so many of the workers on his family's California farm had been forced to leave.

Founds Friends of the Earth


David Brower

Founds Friends of the Earth

Brower founded Friends of the Earth (FOE) in 1969, soon after resigning as executive director of the Sierra Club. The move came during a burst of public environmental concern generated by the first Earth Day in April 1970.The New Yorker by John McPhee, later published as Encounters with the Archdruid, which recounted Brower's confrontations with a geologist and mining engineer, a resort developer, and Floyd Dominy, the director of the Bureau of Reclamation. Brower so enjoyed being called the Archdruid that he later used the term in his e-mail address.

FOE set up its headquarters in San Francisco, and opened an office in Washington, D.C. Brower soon spun off two new organizations from the FOE Washington staff: the League of Conservation Voters in 1970, founded by Marion Edey,Environmental Policy Center in 1971. Brower's international contacts led to the founding of FOE International in 1971, a loose federation of sister organizations in some forty-four countries. Brower also started a publications program at FOE, which had initial success with The Environmental Handbook in the wake of Earth Day, but then began to lose money.

Widens environmental campaigns

Although Brower's background was in the wilderness preservation wing of the conservation movement, he quickly led FOE to take on many of the issues raised by the new environmentalists. FOE campaigned against the Alaska pipeline, the supersonic transport airplane (SST), nuclear power, and the use of the defoliant Agent Orange in the Vietnam War. After Ronald Reagan was elected President in 1980, FOE led the opposition to Interior secretary James G. Watt's efforts to sell and lease public lands in the West and develop land adjacent to the National Parks.

Resigns from board


David Brower

Resigns from board

Brower retired as executive director of FOE on its tenth anniversary in 1979, but continued as chairman of its board of directors. FOE's growing debt and tension between Washington lobbying and grassroots action led to a crisis between Brower and a majority of the board that recalled his conflict with the Sierra Club board. Facing staff cuts in 1984, Brower appealed over the board directly to the membership for emergency contributions. He was removed from the board for insubordination, but was reinstated when he threatened a lawsuit. In 1985 the board voted to close the San Francisco office and move to Washington, D.C.. A referendum of the membership supported the board majority, and Brower resigned in 1986 to work through his Earth Island Institute.

Later years with Earth Island Institute

Brower incorporated Earth Island Institute in 1982. After FOE moved its headquarters to Washington, D.C., in 1986, Brower developed Earth Island as a loosely structured incubator for innovative projects in ecology and social justice. Although he chaired the board of directors, Brower stayed in the background as co-directors David Philips and John Knox ran the organization. Projects were required to bring in their own funding, and often went their own way once well-established. Groups formed under Earth Island's umbrella include the Rainforest Action Network, the Environmental Project on Central America (EPOCA), and many others. Freed from administrative worries and budget controversies, Brower was able to continue to travel, speak and work on many of his long-standing concerns. In addition to his returning to the Sierra Club board for two separate terms, he also served on the Board of Directors for Native Forest Council from 1988 until his death in 2000. A supporter of Ralph Nader, Brower flew to Denver in June 2000 for the Green Party convention. The day before he died, Brower cast his absentee ballot for Nader.

A monument, Spaceship Earth, was erected in his honor at Kennesaw State University. The monument is meant to serve as a reminder to future generations about the precious nature of the planet.


David Brower

* David Brower Center
  * Brower, David, For Earth's Sake: The Life and Times of David Brower (Salt Lake City: Gibbs-Smith, 1990). ISBN 0-87905-013-6
  * Brower, David with Steve Chapple, Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run (New York: HarperCollins, 1995). ISBN 0-06-251430-X
  * Brower, David, & the Sierra Club, eds., Wilderness: America's Living Heritage (New York Vail-Ballou Press, Gillick Press, 1961).
  * Cohen, Michael P., The History of the Sierra Club, 1892–1970 (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1988). ISBN 0-87156-732-6
  * Fox, Stephen, John Muir and His Legacy: The American Conservation Movement (Boston: Little, Brown, 1981). ISBN 0-316-29110-2
  * McPhee, John, Encounters with the Archdruid (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1971). ISBN 0-374-14822-8
  * Turner, Tom, David Brower: The Making of the Environmental Movement (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015).
  * Wild, Peter (1978). "13: David Brower and Charisma: The Rebirth of the Conservation Movement". Pioneer Conservationists of Western America. Edward Abbey (Introduction). Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing. pp. 150–159. ISBN 0878421076.
  * Wyss, Robert. The Man Who Built the Sierra Club: A Life of David Brower (New York: Columbia University Press, 2016). ISBN 978-0231164467

Video resources


David Brower

Video resources

  * For Earth's Sake: The Life and Times of David Brower. Produced in 1989 by John de Graaf in cooperation with KCTS-Seattle. Distributed by Bullfrog Films, Oley, PA 19547. 58 minutes.
  * Monumental: David Brower's Fight for Wild America. Directed by Kelly Duane for Loteria Films, 2004. DVD, 78 min.
  * David Brower Legacy at Earth Island Institute website
  * Online guide to the David Ross Brower Papers, The Bancroft Library
  * North Cascades Conservation Council
  * The Brower legacy
  * Whole Terrain Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine link to Brower's articles published in Whole Terrain
  * Seattle Post-Intelligencer obituary
  * Guardian obituary
  * “David Brower: Speaks about "What Will it Cost the Earth" at Kelly Hall, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio (Part A)”, 1970-04-19, WYSO, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC.
  *


Chamanthedon hilariformis

Chamanthedon hilariformis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from South Africa.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chamanthedon hilariformis.
Wikispecies has information related to Chamanthedon hilariformis.


Irish lexicography

King Cormac Mac Cuileannáin of Munster, who died in 908 AD. He is credited with Sanas Cormaic (Cormac's Glossary).

Lexicography evolved in order to serve one of two needs i.e. in order to explain in a simple way difficult words and expressions or in order to explain the words and expressions of one language in another. In this case we can trace the tradition of lexicography in Irish back to the 8th century.

Würzburg

Around 750 A.D. an anonymous Irish student studying in Würzburg in Germany, wrote down explanations in his native tongue on the Latin text of the Epistles of Saint Paul as an aid to help him understand the Latin. The text and explanations still survive in Würzburg. This is the earliest known attempt at bilingual lexicography in Irish. Lexicography of various kinds has been practised in Irish from that time down to our own day – a journey of about 1,250 years.

Cormac

The first dictionaries compiled in Irish independent of an accompanying text are described as Glossaries. It is most likely that these were put together from glosses already appended to other texts. Sanas Cormaic (Cormac's Glossary) is the most famous of these and was compiled over one thousand years ago. It was compiled by Cormac Mac Cuileannáin, the Bishop of Cashel and king of Munster, who died in 908. It is an encyclopaedic dictionary containing simple synonymous explanations in Irish or Latin of the headwords. In some cases he attempts to give the etymology of the words and in others he concentrates on an encyclopaedic entry. It is held to be the first linguistic dictionary in any of the non-classical languages of Europe.

Ó Cléirigh


Irish lexicography

Ó Cléirigh

Mícheál Ó Cléirigh was a Franciscan and head of the Four Masters. He compiled another famous glossary called ‘Sanasán Mhichíl Uí Chléirigh’ (Michael O'Clery's Glossary). This glossary was printed in 1643 during the author's lifetime. These two glossaries and others are valuable for the etymological and encyclopaedic information contained in them. They are of equal value for their explanations of difficult words and because they contain words for which there is no evidence to be had apart from the spoken language of the present day.

Plunkett

In 1662 Richard Plunkett, a Franciscan living in Trim, Co. Meath, finished the first great bilingual dictionary containing the Irish language, his Latin-Irish Dictionary. The manuscript was never published and is now held in Marsh's Library in Dublin. Despite this fact, subsequent lexicographers made copious use of this work.

Edward Lhwyd, Welsh lexicographer considered to be "the first Celtic scholar"

18th century

Edward Lhuyd, a Welsh speaker was one of the first to make good use of Plunkett's dictionary, in the dictionary of multilingual lists (encompassing the Celtic languages, Latin and English) which he published in 1707. During the 18th century two major English-Irish dictionaries and two Irish-English dictionaries were compiled. In Paris in 1732 the first comprehensive English-Irish dictionaryConchubhar Ó Beaglaoich, a priest and private tutor in Paris and Aodh Buí Mac Cruitín, a scholar from Co. Clare compiled the 1732 dictionary.Seán Ó Briain, bishop of Cloyne and Ross was the compiler or the 1768 dictionary.Tadhg Ó Neachtain’s Irish-English Dictionary (1739) and Crab's English-Irish dictionary remained in manuscript form and were never published.

19th century


Irish lexicography

19th century

During the 19th century three English-Irish dictionaries and the same number of Irish-English dictionaries were compiled. Four of these were published, Tadhg Ó Coinnialláin’s English-Irish dictionary(1814), that produced by Domhnall Ó Foghludha (1855), Edward O'Reilly’s Irish-English dictionary (1817, 1821, 1864)Thomas de Vere Coneys (1849). Clareman, Peadar Ó Conaill’s Irish-English dictionaryRobert MacAdam’s English-Irish Dictionary (c. 1850) remain in manuscript form. MacAdam was a business man from Belfast, a Protestant and Irish revivalist.

20th century

P. S. Dinneen's dictionary Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla, 1904

The 20th century witnessed the compilation of the first major Irish-Irish dictionary for centuries: Croidhe Cainnte Chiarraighe, by Seán Óg Mac Murchadha Caomhánach (aka Seán a' Chóta). Although originally intended to comprise mainly words particular to the Dingle dialect of Irish, it quickly outgrew its specification, swelling to over 60,000 headwords and over 2.2 million words in total. While this greatly added to its usefulness as a comprehensive dictionary for speakers of the Irish language, in a sad irony it was also the costs associated with this size that eventually resulted in its not being published during Seán a' Chóta's lifetime. It was over seventy five years after its completion before it was made accessible by the general publicTracey Ní Mhaonaigh of Maynooth University, who transcribed it.


Irish lexicography

During the 20th century four English-Irish dictionaries were published and three major Irish-English dictionaries. The English-Irish dictionaries were produced by Edmund Fournier d’Albe (1903), Timothy O'Neill Lane (1904, 1918),Lambert McKenna (1935) and Tomás de Bhaldraithe (1959). The Irish-English dictionaries included Dinneen’sDictionary of the Irish Language (1913–76) published by the Royal Irish Academy, which was a reference work of Old and Middle Irish, and Ó Dónaill’s Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla (1977).Risteárd de Hae’s Irish-French dictionary (1952)Breton dictionary compiled by Loeiz Andouard agus Éamon Ó Ciosáin (1987).

21st century

The diversification of Irish lexicography has continued since the turn of the century, with an Irish-Spanish dictionary published by Coiscéim,German dictionary published by BuskeRussian dictionary has been created by Alexey Shibakov,Celtic languages the only one without an Irish dictionary is now Cornish thanks to the work of Kevin Scannell in creating dictionariesGaelic languages and of Joe Mitchell who has created a Welsh-Irish dictionary.

Headquarters of the RIA, which is engaged in long-running lexicographical projects.

The internet has notably become a far greater medium for dictionaries since the turn of the century. Ó Dónaill and de Bhaldraithe's bilingual dictionaries and the monolingual Foclóir Beag can be searched for free onlineForas na Gaeilge's New English-Irish DictionaryDCU.Kevin Scannell and Michal Boleslav Měchura. The Royal Irish Academy also republished their comprehensive dictionary of early Irish online as the eDIL


Irish lexicography

Those great lexicographers who practiced lexicography in Irish were for the most part learned men who had a particular love for Irish. The precise methodologies employed by most of them remain unknown to us. They had no hesitancy, however, in borrowing from dictionaries that already existed. This point has been skillfully shown with no little humour in many articles written by one of the great lexicographers of the 20th century, Tomás de Bhaldraithe. In general their research and use of pre-existing sources greatly increased the value and scope of their work. They sometimes erred in selection of specific word versions which they gleaned from their sources, however. On other occasions one cannot be sure that it is not without a degree of humour that they chose to include certain comical versions. It is not clear whether ignorance or wit was responsible for the following examples from some of the aforementioned works – “giolla earbuill, a page or train-bearer”; “lachaim, I duck or dive”; “calaoiseach, a juggler”; “bol, a poet; a cow”. When in future appointing a dictionary editor perhaps the job description should state that a “siollaire” is required – “siollaire, a scanner of every word, a carper, a dictator; a beater, striker, smiter, a dexterous harper also a good singer; siollaire mná, a strong comely woman” – those are the descriptions found in some of the dictionaries for a person deemed a “siollaire”. It will be interesting to note how the word “siollaire will be employed by those lexicographers who come after us. In any case the journey of over one thousand two hundred years travelled by Irish lexicography from the glossist of Würzburg to the new Foras na Gaeilge dictionary is one of which we can be justifiably proud.

  * Foclóirí agus foclóirithe na Gaeilge at History Ireland
  * Corpus Planning for Irish, Dictionaries and Terminology by Caoilfhionn Nic Pháidín
  * Links relating to Irish Lexicography on the Sabhal Mòr Ostaig website


I. Nelson Rose

I. Nelson Rose (born May 23, 1950) is an internationally known author and public speaker, and is recognized as one of the world's leading experts on gambling and gaming law.Professor Emeritus at Whittier College and a Visiting Professor at the University of Macau. Rose is best known for his internationally syndicated column and 1986 book, Gambling and the Law.Gambling and the Law," which can be found at www.gamblingandthelaw.com.

Impact on legal gambling

In 1979, while still a student at Harvard Law School, Rose developed the theory of the Third Wave of Legal Gambling.

The Third Wave of Legal Gambling theory inspired both entrepreneurs and governments to expand legal gaming, in part because it showed how much money could be made by the initial operators. "Suppose Prohibition of alcohol had just been repealed. The hypothetical owner of the first and only liquor store in a state would make a fantastic return on investment."

The Third Wave of Legal Gambling theory explains why the states differ so much in their approaches to gaming. Rose showed the legal problems created by prohibitions in state constitutions dating from the 19th century on lotteries. For example, in 1990, the Mississippi Supreme Court discussed Rose's Third Wave of Legal Gambling theory in oral argument, concluding that that state's ancient constitutional ban on "lotteries" did not prevent the Mississippi Legislature from legalizing charity bingo.

Rose has also been involved in other major developments involving legal gambling in the U.S. and abroad. He has worked with governments and industry in legalizing and regulating casinos, poker, bingo and lotteries. .

Rose's testimony led to the introduction of Texas hold 'em and Pai Gow Poker into California cardrooms in the 1980s;Indian Gaming Regulatory Act and in testifying on what is legal on Indian land

In 1999, the California Supreme Court cited Gambling and the Law in striking down Proposition 5, which had won the most expensive initiative campaign battle in the nation's history, and which would have legalized tribal casinos as "lotteries."NAFTA tribunal involving gaming adopted Rose's testimony, on behalf of the federal government of Mexico, on what constituted a slot machine as opposed to a game of skill.North Dakota Supreme Court also adopted his position on what is a slot machine.State lottery's Keno.


I. Nelson Rose

In "Compulsive Gambling and the Law", Rose described how the views of society, and thus of the law, toward problem gambling are changing. In his writings and public presentations, he explained how courts and lawmakers were struggling with the concept that a person might bet too much because they were ill, rather than because they were morally weak.Caesars Palace, and asked the U.S. Supreme Court to hear the appeal.

Rose is the co-author of "Internet Gaming Law" (1stBlackjack and the Law,Gaming Law in a Nutshell

Education and legal practice

Rose graduated from UCLA with a B.A. in 1973 and with a J.D. in 1979 from Harvard Law School. Immediately following graduation from Harvard, Rose moved to Hawaii to practice law. He passed the Hawaii and California bars and has also been admitted to practice in federal courts, including Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and the United States Supreme Court.

While in Hawaii, Rose established the state's first eye bank, the Hawai'i Lions Eye Bank & Makana Foundation, in 1981. He helped get state law changed to allow donor stickers on drivers' licenses and permit trained nurses to harvest tissue. Rose served as legal counsel to the eye bank from 1981-1983. .

Teaching

Rose joined what was then named Whittier College School of Law in 1973 as a Visiting Assistant Professor. Over the years, he was promoted to Full Professor with tenure. In Fall 1983, Rose developed and taught the first law school class on Gaming Law.

In 1993-1994, Rose became the first Visiting Scholar for the University of Nevada-Reno's Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming. His Gaming Law classes were open to undergraduates, graduate students, and practicing lawyers and regulators. At that time, Nevada had no law school, so Rose was the only person teaching Gaming Law in the nation's leading state for legal gaming.

In 2004, Rose taught a seminar on International Gaming Law for Whittier Law School's Summer Abroad program in China. He taught the same class the following years in Spain and France. He also taught classes on gaming law to the FBI; at colleges in Slovenia; and, at UNR's professional training courses in Reno, Tahoe and Macau.


I. Nelson Rose

Rose began co-teaching, with Professor Jorge Godinho, a graduate level class in Gaming Law at the Masters and Postgraduate Programs in International Business Law at the University of Macau in 2007. Most of the students have law degrees from China, Macau or countries in the Portuguese-speaking world, such as Angola and East Timor. Rose has taught the course every summer, in May or June, since 2007. He has also participated as the lead judge for students defending their Masters' theses on issues related to legal gambling.

Consultant and expert witness

Rose has testified as an expert witness in administrative, civil and criminal cases, and international arbitrations throughout the United States, in Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, including the first NAFTA tribunal on gaming issues. He has acted as a consultant to major law firms, international corporations, licensed casinos, Indian tribes, and local, state and national governments, including the states of Arizona, California, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, Texas; the District of Columbia; the provinces of Ontario and Québec; the Lao People's Democratic Republic; and the federal governments of Canada, Mexico and the United States.

Rose's clients include regulators, such as the Arizona Department of Gaming, the Delaware State Lottery (regulates sports books and racinos), the Illinois Gaming Board, the Texas Comptroller (regulated bingo) and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement. He has also worked with the largest operators, including Nevada and Atlantic City casinos, California cardrooms, state and national lotteries, race tracks, Indian tribes and online gambling operators.

Rose has testified as an expert on legal gambling before the California Legislature, Hawaii House of Representatives' Finance Committee, New Mexico Legislature and Oregon Governor's Task Force on Gaming. He has worked with the Florida State Senate on Indian gambling, the Florida Department of Business & Professional Regulation's Division of Pari-Mutuel Wagering on poker rooms, and the Washington State Gambling Commission on casinos.


I. Nelson Rose

Rose has testified as an expert in cases involving casino gambling; lotteries, including keno and the New York and California State Lotteries; bingo, including mechanical devices in Texas and California; Indian gambling; skill versus chance; the meaning of gambling terms and the legality of proposed games. He has been cited in numerous published court decisions, including quoted by the Supreme Courts of North Dakota and California.

Public speaking

With the rising interest in gambling throughout the world, Rose has addressed such diverse groups as the National Conference of State Legislatures, Congress of State Lotteries of Europe and the National Academy of Sciences. He has presented scholarly papers on gambling in Nevada, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, Canada, England, Australia, Antigua, Portugal, Italy, Argentina, Norway, and the Czech Republic.

Publications

Rose began writing his internationally syndicated column, "Gambling and the Law", in 1983 for Gambling Times magazine. He later self-syndicated the column to other publications, both on and off the Internet, directed at laymen and professionals interested in the legal gambling industries. In 1991, he was granted the federal trademark on "Gambling and the Law"

"Gambling and the Law" columns appear in approximately 100 magazines, newspapers and journals, including Inside Asian Gaming, Casino Enterprise Management, Poker Player, Harvard Medical School's The Brief Addiction Science Information Source (BASIS), iGaming Business, Casino City Times, Bingo Bugles, CasinoCompendium.com, The GameMaster Online, American Casino Guide and Gaming Law Review.

His main writing is now a weekly blog at www.GamblingAndTheLaw.com.


I. Nelson Rose

Rose also writes for scholarly journals and books, usually using his trademark "Gambling and the Law". Articles include: "Game on for Internet Gambling," with Rebecca Bolin in the Connecticut Law Review; "The DOJ Gives States a Gift," in the UNLV Gaming Law Journal; "The Third Wave of Legal Gambling," in the Villanova Sports & Entertainment Law Journal"; "Leading Law Cases on Gambling," in William N. Thompson, "The International Encyclopedia of Gambling" (ABC-Clio 2010); "Internet Gambling and the Law," in the Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business; "The International Law of Remote Wagering," in the John Marshall Law Review; and "The Explosive But Sporadic Growth of Gambling in Asia," in the Harvard Asia Pacific Review.

Some of his writings include: "Of Course It's a Depression", "Casinos on Cruse Ships, Why Not on Airplanes?", "The New UIGEA Regulations: Opportunities for Operators", "Betting on Beanie Babies", "The Rise and Fall of the Third Wave: Gambling Will Be Outlawed in Forty Years",

  * Official site


Inland Waterways Commission

Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot on the deck of the Mississippi in 1907 during the Inland Waterways Commission inspections

The Inland Waterways Commission was created by Congress in March 1907, at the request of President Theodore Roosevelt, to investigate the transportation crisis that recently had affected nation's ability to move its produce and industrial production efficiently. The immediate crisis centered on insufficient railroad capacity developed by the private sector, and competing but neglected inland shipping, the navigation of which had been deemed under federal purview since 1824. The temporary commission lasted until the end of Roosevelt's presidency, but his conservationist progressive interest was focused more than on transportation alone. The president wanted water projects to be considered for their multiple uses and in relation to other natural resources and asked for a comprehensive plan for the improvement and control of the river systems of the United States.

Based on long-established legislative structure and more recent bureaucratic additions, the appointed members of the commission included, elected Representative Theodore E. Burton (R OH), as chairman, being also chair of the House Committee on Rivers and Harbors; Senator Francis G. Newlands (D NV), as vice-chair; Senator William Warner (R MO), and Senator John H. Bankhead (D AL). Non-elected commissioners included government technocrats with experience in related fields, including Alexander Mackenzie, Chiefs of Engineers, US Army, and the entity involved in federal navigation improvements since the beginning; William John McGee, as secretary and from the United States Geological Survey; Frederick Haynes Newell, the first Director of the United States Reclamation Service; Gifford Pinchot, the first Chief of the United States Forest Service, and Herbert Knox Smith, from the Bureau of Corporations and predecessor to the Federal Trade Commission.


Inland Waterways Commission

By the end of that year, after the commission had looked at shipping on the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes, a minority of its members concluded that the nation needed a comprehensive water resources policy along with an autonomous commission of experts to plan and construct water projects that embraced entire river basins. At the end of 1907, and before Roosevelt presented the commission's preliminary report to Congress in late February, Senator Newlands introduced the first bill to create a permanent commission. Over the next decade the subject of hydroelectricity would be closely studied, while Newlands drafted several more bills, with only an emasculated version becoming law in 1917. While supportive of the commission's report generally, most members of Congress considered Newlands's plan either impractical or unconstitutional. Three years later, Congress all but eliminated the hope of centralized water planning when it replaced the Inland Waterways Commission with the Federal Power Commission, following passage of the Federal Water Power Act of 1920.

Presidential charge

On March 14, 1907, President Roosevelt appointed the Inland Waterway Commissioners and charged them to prepare and report "a comprehensive plan for the improvement and control of the river systems of the United States."

The Commission's appointment followed numerous petitions from commercial organizations in the Mississippi Valley asking for such study, and he said, "the common knowledge that the railroads of the United States are no longer able to move crops and manufactures rapidly enough to secure the prompt transaction of the business of the nation, and there is small prospect of immediate relief." During the previous ten years, while the production of the northern interior States had doubled, the railroad facilities to transport it had increased only about 12%; there was reason to doubt railroad development could keep transportation abreast of production in the near-term. "There appears to be but one complete remedy — the development of a complementary system of transportation by water. The present congestion affects chiefly the people of the Mississippi Valley, and they demand relief. When the congestion of which they complain is relieved, the whole Nation will share the good results."


Inland Waterways Commission

Roosevelt noted that while the nation's rivers are natural resources of first rank, they are also liable to become destructive agencies, endangering life and property; and that some of our most notable engineering enterprises have grown from the effort to control them. The vast quantity of annual suspended sediment and an enormous but unmeasured amount of earth-salts and soil-matter carried in solution not only causes the Mississippi channels to clog and flood the lowlands of the lower river, but also renders the flow variable and difficult to control. Furthermore, he noted, the sediment and soil-matter is composed of the most fertile material of the fields and pastures drained by the tributaries. "Any plan for utilizing our inland waterways should consider floods and their control by forests and other means; the protection of bottom-lands from injury by overflow, and up-lands from loss by soil-wash; the physics of sediment-charged waters and the physical or other ways of purifying them; the construction of dams and locks, not only to facilitate navigation but to control the character and movement of the waters; and should look to the full use and control of our running waters and the complete "artificialization" of our waterways for the benefit of citizens as a whole." Not being possible to properly frame so large a plan for the control of rivers without taking account of the orderly development of other natural resources, Roosevelt asked that the Inland Waterways Commission consider the relations of the streams to the use of all the great permanent natural resources and their conservation to make and maintain prosperous homes.


Inland Waterways Commission

Roosevelt noted that any feasible plan for utilizing inland waterways should recognize both the existing federal means, including the Departments of War, Interior, Agriculture, and Commerce and Labor, and those in the States and their subdivisions. Also it must not involve unduly burdensome expenditures from the national Treasury. The cost necessarily will be large and proportional to the magnitude of potential benefits to the people, but it will be small in comparison to the $17 billion in current capital investments for steam railways nationally. That amount would have seemed enormous and incredible a half a century earlier, yet that investment was a continuous source of profit to the people. Without it, the nation's industrial progress would have been impossible. In closing the President said that, the questions before the Inland Waterways Commission must necessarily relate to every part of the United States and affect every interest within its borders. Its plans should be considered in light of the widest modern knowledge of the country and its people, and from the most diverse points of view. As the committee's work sufficiently advanced, he would add more consulting members to the Commission, and ask that its recommendations be fully discussed with him, before they were submitted. The Commission's report should include both a general statement of the problems, as well as recommendations concerning the manner and means of attacking the problems perceived by them.

Proceedings

After initial conference and correspondence the organizational meeting was held in Washington DC from April 29 to May 3, 1907. A second meeting and inspection trip on the Mississippi River from St. Louis to the Passes was held May 13 to May 23. A third meeting and inspection trip took place from September 21 to October 13, which traveled on the Great Lakes from Cleveland to Duluth, on the Mississippi from St. Paul to Memphis, and on the Missouri River from Kansas City to St. Louis. A fourth meeting was held in the capitol beginning on November 25, for the purpose of preparing a preliminary report; the commission ended February 3, 1908.


Inland Waterways Commission

During the organizational and inspecting meetings, thirty formal sessions were held in addition to informal meetings and conferences. At several of these sessions the entire Commission were present; at no session were there fewer than five Commissioners; the average attendance was over seven. During the meetings for report preparation there were 27 sessions, with an average attendance of seven. Experts on matters entrusted to the Commission were present by invitation at 24 sessions; of these experts there were 24, several of whom attended two or more sessions, with most being former or current attaches of the Corps of Engineers. Outside formal sessions, the Commissioners devoted much time to the consideration of the waterways and related matters. Two or three Commissioners jointly inspected the upper Missouri, the Columbia and Snake, the Sacramento and San Joaquin, and major tributaries; several Commissioners employed agencies under their direction in collating and digesting data relating to canals, water transportation, etc. Most of the Commissioners attended conventions and other meetings connected with the development of waterways and related interests.

At the 18th session a special committee of one, Gen. Alexander MacKenzie, was appointed to prepare a list of statutes and considerations relating to water power, especially generation of hydroelectricity. Following action at the 23rd session, with the President presiding, a letter requesting a conference on the conservation of natural resources was framed and presented to the President on October 4, 1907; this later resulted in the first Conference of Governors. At the twenty-fifth session a committee of three was appointed to communicate further with the President on this matter, and to prepare a preliminary draft of their report; both committees reported at the fourth meeting.

Commission report

The investigations and discussions of the Inland Waterways Commission resulted in a series of 'Findings', containing their statements of fact connected with navigation and other uses of the inland waterways nationally, 'Recommendations', containing their conclusions on those findings, 'Inquiries in progress', containing certain matters still under discussion and an extensive 'Appendix'.


Inland Waterways Commission

* General Survey Act
  * Gibbons v. Ogden
  * Internal improvements
  * History of rail transport in the United States
  * History of turnpikes and canals in the United States
  * Hydroelectric power in the United States
  * Hydropower policy in the United States
  * Inland waterways of the United States
  * Natural monopoly
  * Rivers and Harbors Acts
  * United States Senate Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard
  * Dworsky, Leonard. (1962). The Nation and its Water Resources, Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control, United States Public Health Service, 167pp.
  * Hausman, William J.; and John L. Neufeld. (1999). Water: The origins of direct federal participation in the US electric utility industry, 1902-1933 Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 70(1): 49–74.
  * Roosevelt, Theodore. (1908, February 26). "Message from the President transmitting a preliminary report of the Inland Waterways commission." As DjVu text
  * Smith, Herbert Knox. (1912). Water-Power Development in the United States, Report of the commissioner of corporations on water-power development in the United States, Bureau of Corporations. As DjVu text


Lazo Lipovski

Lazo Lipovski (Macedonian: Лазо Липоски, born 27 March 1966Macedonian football manager and former goalkeeper.

Playing career

Club

He started playing with FK Krofma Strumica before being brought by Serbian giants FK Partizan in 1983. He stayed in Belgrade with Partizan until 1986 however he made no league appearance and spent most time as reserve goalkeeper. During the winter-break of the 1985–86 season, he, along two other Partizan players, Slobodan Krčmarević and Ljubiša Milačić, joined FK Bor, playing in the Yugoslav Second League.FK Pobeda.OFK Kikinda. In 1990, he returned to Macedonia and joined FK Skopje playing at that time in the Yugoslav third level. In 1992, he moved to Switzerland and played 3 seasons with FC Winterthur until summer 1995. He then returned to Macedonia, which by then had become independent, and played with FK Sloga JugomagnatMacedonian First League. In 1998, he joined FC Anzhi Makhachkala and played the following two seasons in the Russian First Division. In the seasons 2000 and 2001 besides being registered in the squad, he became also the teams goalkeeping coach.

International

He had been part of the Macedonia national football team on three occasions, in two games for the 1996 EURO qualifiers, and one game for the 1998 World Cup qualifiers, however, in all those three occasions, Lipovski had been an unused substitute goalkeeper.

Football administration

After retiring, Lipovski was for a time president of Macedonian club FK Karaorman from Struga,FC Anzhi Makhachkala between February 21 and June 2, 2014.


Goodbye (Dubstar album)

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source           Rating
AllMusic
Music Week
Pitchfork Media  (8.1/10)

Goodbye is Dubstar's second album. It was released in September 1997 on the Food Records label, a division of EMI that was also home to Blur.

Track listing

All songs written by Steve Hillier except where noted.

 1. "I Will Be Your Girlfriend" (Hillier, Chris Wilkie) - 3:37
 2. "Inside" - 3:44
 3. "No More Talk" - 3:39
 4. "Polestar" - 3:40
 5. "Say the Worst Thing First" - 4:07
 6. "Cathedral Park" - 3:14
 7. "It's Over" - 4:18
 8. "The View From Here" - 3:42
 9. "My Start in Wallsend" - 4:29
10. "It's Clear" (Hillier, Wilkie) - 2:22
11. "Ghost" - 3:36
12. "Can't Tell Me" - 3:21
13. "Wearchest" (Hillier, Wilkie) - 3:15
14. "When You Say Goodbye" (Sarah Blackwood, Hillier, Wilkie) - 3:14
15. "Let's Go" - 4:20

Japan bonus tracks

The Japanese release includes the B-sides from lead single "No More Talk" as bonus tracks.

Personnel

  * Sarah Blackwood, lead vocalist
  * Steve Hillier, songwriting & programming
  * Chris Wilkie, guitarist
Additional personnel
  * Paul Wadsworth - drums
  * Audrey Riley – cello
  * Phil Spalding – bass

U.S. release

Goodbye was the band's first album released in the U.S. For this American edition, six songs were removed from the UK version and replaced with tracks from their previous UK release, Disgraceful. The rearranged track listing includes "Stars" and "Not So Manic Now," the most popular singles from Disgraceful, as well as some of their remixes.

All songs written by Steve Hillier except where otherwise noted. Songs not on UK release are noted in italics.


Goodbye (Dubstar album)

1. "Stars"
 2. "Inside"
 3. "Cathedral Park"
 4. "Just a Girl She Said" (Sarah Blackwood, Steve Hillier, Chris Wilkie)
 5. "The View From Here"
 6. "It's Clear" (Hillier, Wilkie)
 7. "No More Talk"
 8. "Anywhere" (Hillier, Wilkie)
 9. "Ghost"
10. "Can't Tell Me" (Wilkie)
11. "I Will Be Your Girlfriend" (Hillier, Wilkie)
12. "Wearchest" (Hillier, Wilkie)
13. "St. Swithin's Day" (Billy Bragg)
14. "Not So Manic Now" (Dave Harling, Jon Kirby, Martin Mason, Graeme Robinson)
15. "Stars" (Motiv 8 mix)
16. "Not So Manic Now" (Way Out West mix)
17. "Stars" (Way Out West mix)

Singles

The following singles were released from the album, in order of release date. All songs written by Steve Hillier except where otherwise noted:

  * "No More Talk"
  * CD 1
 1. "Unchained Monologue" (Hillier/Wilkie)
 2. "La Boheme" (Charles Aznavour)
 3. "Goodbye" (Blackwood/hillier/Wilkie)
  * CD 2
 1. "Stars" (acoustic)
 2. "Elevator song" (acoustic)
 3. "Not Once Not Ever" (acoustic)
  * "Cathedral Park"
 1. "Let Down" (Wilkie)
 2. "This Is My Home"
 3. "In My Defence"
  * "I Will Be Your Girlfriend"
 1. "Not So Manic Now" (Dave Harling, Jon Kirby, Martin Mason, Graeme Robinson)
 2. "Stars"
 3. "Anywhere" (Hillier/Wilkie)

All songs are identical to the versions previously released as singles and on the album Disgraceful.

  * H, Neil. "Discography". Dubstar Web Garden. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007
  * Goodbye at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)


List of governors of Kasaï (former province)

Belgian Congo provinces in 1920

Belgian Congo provinces in 1933 after Léopoldville and Lusambo (Kasaï) had been separated

The present Kasaï Province created in 2015 when Kasai-Occidental was partitioned

This list of governors of Kasaï includes governors or equivalent officeholders of the Congo-Kasaï/Kongo-Kasaï province established in the Belgian Congo in 1918. On 1 October 1933 it was split into the Lusambo and Léopoldville provinces. Lusambo included the Kasaï and Sankuru districts of Congo-Kasaï and parts of the Léopold II District (Équateur) and Lomami District (Katanga). On 27 May 1947 Lusambo was renamed Kasaï, which became an autonomous province of the Congo republic on 30 June 1960.

On 14 August 1962 Kasaï was divided into five new provinces: Lomami, Luluabourg, Sankuru, Sud-Kasaï and Unité Kasaïenne. On 25 April 1966 Luluabourg and Unité Kasaïenne were united to form Kasaï-Occidental, while Lomami, Sankuru, and Sud-Kasaï were united in the new province of Kasaï-Oriental. Kasaï-Occidental was split in 2015 into the Kasaï-Central and Kasaï provinces.

Congo-Kasaï (1922–1932)

The governors (or equivalent) of Congo-Kasaï Province were:

Start            End                Officeholder                     Title
18 October 1918  1922               Léon Guilain Bureau (1869–1944)  Deputy governor-general
1922             1925               Alphonse Engels (1880–1962)      Deputy governor-general
1925             19 June 1929       Alphonse Engels (1880–1962       Governor and deputy governor-general
19 June 1929     5 January 1932     Joseph Beernaert (1883–1950)     Governor and deputy governor-general
17 August 1932   30 September 1933  Paul Ermens (1884–1957)          Governor and deputy governor-general

Lusambo (1933–1947)

The governors (or equivalent) of Lusambo Province were:


The governors (or equivalent) of Lusambo Province were:

Start              End                Officeholder               Title
1 October 1933     17 August 1940     Constant Wauters           Commissioner
11 September 1940  1941               François Wenner            Commissioner
1941               9 June 1944        François Wenner            Governor
July 1944          1945               Albert-Émile de Beauffort  Governor
7 February 1945    21 September 1945  René P. Preys              Governor
21 September 1945  1947               Léon A. Hofkens            Governor

Kasaï (1947–1962)

The governors (or equivalent) of Kasaï Province were:

Start           End                Officeholder                    Title
1947            19 July 1948       Léon A. Hofkens                 Governor
19 July 1948    11 April 1952      Firmin Peigneux                 Governor
11 April 1952   27 March 1955      Roger Le Bussy                  Governor
20 April 1955   27 September 1955  Jean Paelinck (1906–1961)       Governor
1 October 1955  22 June 1958       Antoine Lamborelle              Governor
1 July 1958     1960               Louis De Jaegher (1908–1973)    Governor
1960            31 May 1960        L. Henrotaux                    Governor (acting)
31 May 1960     30 June 1960       Marcel Matterne                 General Extraordinary Commissioner
30 June 1960    December 1961      Barthélemy Mukenge (1925–2018)  President (1st time)
January 1962    May 1962           André Lubaya (d. 1968)          President
9 June 1962     14 August 1962     Barthélemy Mukenge              President (2nd time)

  * List of governors of Kasaï-Occidental
  * List of governors of Kasaï Oriental Province
  * Lists of provincial governors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo


Heinrich Meyring

Ecstasy of St. Teresa by Heinrich Meyring (1697), Church of the Scalzi

Heinrich Meyring/ Heinrich Meiering (1628 – 11 February 1723) was a German sculptor, active mainly in Venice and the Veneto. He is also known as Enrico Merengo or Arrigo Merengo.

Meyring was born in Rheine, Westphalia. He is considered one of the main pupils of the Flemish sculptor (active in Venice) Josse de Corte (or Giusto Le Court). Meyring appears to be active in Venice from 1679 to 1714.

The statues of Annunciation in Santa Maria del Giglio are by Meyring.

  * Reinhard Karrenbrock, Zwei Generationen westfälischer Bildhauer: Heinrich Meiering - Bernd Meiering. Stiftung Museumsdorf Cloppenburg 1992. ISBN 9783923675296
  * Dissertation by Silvia Wolff


Czech Republic men's national floorball team

The Czech Men's National Floorball Team is the national floorball team of the Czech Republic, and a member of the International Floorball Federation. Its biggest successes are silver medals from the 5th World Championships in 2004 and 14th World Championships in 2022, which both took place in Switzerland.2010, 2014 and 2021. That makes Czech team the third most successful team after Sweden and Finland. Czech Republic has appeared in every World and European Championships tournament organised by the IFF.

World Championship

Year  Hosting Country                  Rank
1996  [Sweden] Sweden                  4th place
1998  [Czech Republic] Czech Republic  6th place
2000  [Norway] Norway                  6th place
2002  [Finland] Finland                4th place
2004  [Switzerland] Switzerland        2nd place
2006  [Sweden] Sweden                  4th place
2008  [Czech Republic] Czech Republic  4th place
2010  [Finland] Finland                3rd place
2012  [Switzerland] Switzerland        7th place
2014  [Sweden] Sweden                  3rd place
2016  [Latvia] Latvia                  4th place
2018  [Czech Republic] Czech Republic  4th place
2020  [Finland] Finland                3rd place
2022  [Switzerland] Switzerland        2nd place

  * Official webpage of Czech National Floorball team
  * Team page on IFF site


John Anstice

Brigadier John Henry Anstice DSO & Bar (25 October 1897 – 10 February 1970) was a British Army officer who commanded numerous brigades during World War II.

Military career

Anstice was commissioned into the Royal Tank Corps on 7 April 1916 and from August that year he saw service in France and Belgium until the end of the First World War. In October 1922, he was transferred to the 5th Battalion Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards. Between January 1934 and September 1937, Anstice was adjutant of the Lanarkshire Yeomanry, a Scots Territorial Army unit. In 1939, he returned to the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards, this time as Commanding Officer, taking the unit to France.

In 1940, Anstice was appointed commander of 30th Armoured Brigade7th Armoured Brigade in 1941.Persia and Iraq Command, Brigadier Anstice commanded the Brigade in Egypt, Ceylon, Burma, India, Iraq, Palestine and Syria.

In 1944, he transferred again to command 8th Armoured Brigade.21st Army Group in Northwest Europe and then he became a General Staff Officer for Home Forces.

Although he had commanded several brigades, this had been as a temporary brigadier; his substantive rank had been colonel. On 29 August 1948, he was promoted to brigadier. Anstice retired on 2 August 1949.

His elder daughter Sally Ann Wemyss Anstice (died 2015), former wife of Colonel Fikret Jemal (died 2018), married second Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne in 1959.

  * British Army Officers 1939−1945
  * Generals of World War II


Chamanthedon leucopleura

Chamanthedon leucopleura is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from South Africa.

The head, thorax and abdomen are black brown glossed with greenish blue, the back of head with some red-brown hairs and the neck and shoulders with some white scales. The base of the abdomen with some white scales at the sides and lateral white bars on the fourth and sixth segments. The forewings are black brown glossed with greenish blue mixed with some red brown especially on terminal the area and cilia. There is a black discoidal spot. The hindwings are black brown, mixed with some red brown on the apical area with again a black discoidal spot.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chamanthedon leucopleura.
Wikispecies has information related to Chamanthedon leucopleura.


Chuzah, Khuzestan

Chuzah (Persian: چوزه, also Romanized as Chūzah) is a village in Jastun Shah Rural District, Hati District, Lali County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 124, in 24 families.


Hypoleschus

Hypoleschus is a genus of true weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There is one described species in Hypoleschus, H. atratus.

  * O'Brien, Charles W.; Wibmer, Guillermo J. (1982). "Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)" (PDF). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute.
  * Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 7: Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-26093-1.
  * Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 8: Curculionoidea II. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-25916-4.


Detonator crimping pliers

Detonator crimping pliers, cap crimping pliers or detonator crimping tool is a common tool when working with explosives. The construction is very similar to the construction of any other multi-tool or pliers. The specific feature is the presence of one groove on each of the opposing jaws. When the jaws are open, the groves will appear as a semi circle with an elliptical extension. When fully closed the two grooves will form a cylindrical shape.

When a detonator is delivered, it is sometimes delivered as a piece of metal with nothing connected to it. To function, the detonator must be mated with the correct initiation source, such as a tar-fuse for time delay, or a shock tube detonator.

The rear part of a detonator is usually made of a rigid but malleable aluminium alloy, sometimes supported by a relatively soft brass or copper structure to aid in reliably giving a strong and watertight seal without damaging the initiation source. A pair of detonator crimping pliers mate the detonator with the initiation source by allowing the detonator's back end to be inserted into the large hole present when the pliers is in the non-compressed position. When force is applied, the jaws will move closer to each other crimping the neck of the detonator. This shows that the function is just a simple crimping tool, adapted for one specific item.

Risks

Each type of detonators have an instruction/information folder written by the manufacturer or the distributor. In it are clear instructions on how to crimp that specific type/model. Most detonators contain relatively sensitive explosive compound meant to initiate the staged detonation train. Crimping a detonator in the wrong place or with improper tools may cause it to detonate.


Laziše

Laziše (pronounced [laˈziːʃɛ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies in hills south of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

The local parish church is dedicated to Saint Nicholas (Slovene: sveti Miklavž) and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1545.

  * Laziše on Geopedia


Mweza

Mweza is a settlement in Kenya's Coast Province.


List of governors of Kinshasa

Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The city of Kinshasa has had a different status under each of the different regimes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kinshasa was alternatively a commune, a city, a region, and a city-province hybrid. Consequently, the political leaders of the city have born different titles between 1960 and this day.

Bourgmestre of Léopoldville

  * Daniel Kanza (1960–1962)
  * Zoao Boniface (1963–1965)

Governor of Léopoldville (1966–1968)

  * Colonel Bangala
  * Paul Nauwelaerts

Governor of the Kinshasa region (1969–1980)

  * Jean Foster Manzikala
  * Ndjoku E'Yobaba
  * Sakombi Inongo
  * Mandungu Mbula Nyati
  * Mabolia Inengo Tra Buato

Regional President of the MPR for the Kinshasa Region

  * Kisombe Kiaku Mwisi (1980–1981)
  * Sakombi Ekope (1981–1983)
  * Kabaydi wa Kabaydi (1983–1985)
  * Nzita Puati interim (1984–1985)
  * Tshimbombo Mukunda (1985–1986)
  * Catherine Nzuzi wa Mbombo (1986)
  * Konde Vila Kikanda (1987–1989)
  * General Gabriel Amela Lokima Bahati (1989–1990)
  * Moleka Nzulama (1990)

Governor of Kinshasa


List of governors of Kinshasa

Governor of Kinshasa

  * Fundu Kota (1991–1992)
  * Kibabu Madiata Nzau (1992)
  * Bernardin Mungul Diaka (1992—1996)
  * Mujinga Swana (January—February 1996)
  * Nkoy Mafuta (August 1996—May 1997)
  * General Gabriel Amela Lokima Bahati (April—May 1997)
  * Théophile Mbemba Fundu (1997—2001)
  * Christophe Muzungu (May 2001—November 26, 2001)
  * Loka Ne Kongo
  * David Nku Imbié (June 2002—May 16, 2004)
  * Jean Kimbunda (May 16, 2004—November 15, 2005)
  * Kimbembe Mazunga (November 15, 2005—October 16, 2006)
  * Admiral Baudoin Liwanga (October 16, 2006
  * André Kimbuta)
  * Gentiny Ngobila Mbaka
  * Kinshasa
  * Kinshasa history and timeline
  * Lists of provincial governors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  * Congo (Kinshasa) provinces Congo (Kinshasa) provinces], List of provincial leaders


Haapasalo

Haapasalo is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

  * Alli Haapasalo (born 1977), Finnish filmmaker
  * Kreeta Haapasalo (1813–1893), Finnish musician
  * Mimmi Haapasalo (1881–1970), Finnish salesperson and politician
  * Ville Haapasalo (born 1972), Finnish actor


Josefine Engström

Josefine Engström (born 1 September 1986) is a Swedish ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. She won a gold medal in the relay at the 2009 World Ski Orienteering Championships, with team members Helene Söderlund and Marie Ohlsson, and a bronze medal in middle distance.

  * Josefine Engström at World of O


John Anstruther (British Army officer)

Colonel John Anstruther (13 May 1736 – 10 February 1815) was a Scottish military officer.

He was the son of Sir Philip Anstruther, 2nd Baronet of Balcaskie and Catherine Hay.

Lieutenant-Colonel John Anstruther, by David Martin

In 1776 he took over as Colonel in Chief of the 62nd Regiment of Foot following the death of Lt Gen William Strode. He then went with the regiment to Canada as part of the ongoing campaign there.

He married Grizel Maria Thomson of Charleton, Fife, daughter of John Thomson of Charleton and Margaret Paterson, in December 1774.

Children

  * John Anstruther-Thomson (15 April 1776 – 10 April 1833)
  * He also had two daughters and three younger sons, who all died without children.


Chamanthedon

Chamanthedon is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae.

Species

  * Chamanthedon albicincta Hampson, 1919
  * Chamanthedon aurigera (Bryk, 1947)
  * Chamanthedon bicincta Arita & Gorbunov, 2000
  * Chamanthedon chrysostetha (Diakonoff, [1968])
  * Chamanthedon flavipes (Hampson, 1893)
  * Chamanthedon hypochroma Le Cerf, 1916
  * Chamanthedon melanoptera Le Cerf, 1927
  * Chamanthedon quinquecincta (Hampson, [1893a])
  * Chamanthedon suisharyonis (Strand, [1917])
  * Chamanthedon xanthopleura Le Cerf, 1916
  * Chamanthedon aurantiibasis (Rothschild, 1911)
  * Chamanthedon gaudens (Rothschild, 1911)
  * Chamanthedon amorpha Hampson, 1919
  * Chamanthedon brillians (Beutenmüller, 1899)
  * Chamanthedon chalypsa Hampson, 1919
  * Chamanthedon chrysopasta Hampson, 1919
  * Chamanthedon elymais (Druce, 1899)
  * Chamanthedon fulvipes (Hampson, 1910)
  * Chamanthedon hilariformis (Walker, 1856)
  * Chamanthedon leucocera Hampson, 1919
  * Chamanthedon leucopleura Hampson, 1919
  * Chamanthedon ochracea (Walker, [1865])
  * Chamanthedon striata Gaede, 1929
  * Chamanthedon tapeina Hampson, 1919
  * Chamanthedon tropica (Beutenmüller, 1899)
  * Chamanthedon xanthopasta Hampson, 1919


Chvaletice

Chvaletice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈxvalɛcɪtsɛ]) is a town in Pardubice District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,900 inhabitants.

Administrative parts

The village of Hornická Čtvrť is an administrative part of Chvaletice.

Geography

Chvaletice is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Pardubice. It lies in the Polabí region; the northern part of the municipal territory lies in the East Elbe Table and the southern part lies in the northwestern tip of the Iron Mountains. The highest point is the flat hill Oklika at 308 m (1,010 ft) above sea level. The Elbe River forms the northern municipal border.

History

In the area there were originally two villages, Telčice and Chvaletice, both administered by Chvaletice. The first written mention of Telčice comes from 1143 and of Chvaletice from 1393.

In 1953, Telčice became a separate municipality, however in 1975 Telčice and Chvaletice were merged into one municipality. In 1981, Chvaletice obtained town rights.

Demographics

Historical population
Year  Pop.  ±%      Year  Pop.   ±%       Year  Pop.   ±%
1869  818   —       1921  814    +2.6%    1980  3,031  +19.4%
1880  900   +10.0%  1930  747    −8.2%    1991  3,101  +2.3%
1890  866   −3.8%   1950  778    +4.1%    2001  3,312  +6.8%
1900  767   −11.4%  1961  2,652  +240.9%  2011  2,933  −11.4%
1910  793   +3.4%   1970  2,539  −4.3%    2021  2,806  −4.3%

Source: Censuses

Economy

Since ancient times, iron ore was mined here, until the Thirty Years' War; then again since the end of 18th century. Mining of pyrite-manganium ore started in the 20th century. The mines got exhausted and were finally closed in 1975.


Chvaletice

In 1973–1979, the Chvaletice Power Station was built, with the coal being moved in from mines in northern Bohemia by ships on the Elbe river. To make such shipping possible large excavation works (Elbe Waterway project) on the riverbed were carried out. Use of ships stopped in 1996.

Sights

Evangelical church

The most valuable building is the Evangelical church in Hornicka Čtvrť. It was built in the Neo-Renaissance style in 1882.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chvaletice.
  * Official website


Hypolamprus taphiusalis

Hypolamprus taphiusalis is a species of moth of the family Thyrididae. It is found in West Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Brunei, Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak) and Java. The habitat consists of lowland to lower montane forest at altitudes of about 1,500 meters.

The wingspan is 15–19 mm. A small species with a very striking reticulate (net-like), dark brown patterning. Some specimens differ in the size of various fenestrae although the overall distribution of these fenestrae is similar.

  * An Illustrated Guide to the Thyridid Moths of Borneo


Johannes Schettel

Johannes Schettel (born 4 April 1959 in Olsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a West German luger who competed in the late 1980s. He won the bronze medal in the men's singles event at the 1989 FIL World Luge Championships in Winterberg, West Germany.

He also won a complete set of medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold in the mixed team event (1988), a silver in the mixed team event (1990), and a bronze in the men's singles event (1988). Schettel also finished seventh in the men's singles event at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary.

His best overall Luge World Cup finish was second in men's singles in 1985-6. He retired in 1989 and is running a sporting goods store in Germany with his wife Claudia.

  * Hickok sports information on World champions in luge and skeleton.
  * Information on Schettel's sporting goods. (in German)
  * Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) results on top eight finishers in men's singles luge: 1964-2002 (in Italian)
  * List of European luge champions (in German)
  * List of men's singles luge World Cup champions since 1978.


Esponellà

Esponellà is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 16 square kilometres (6.2 sq mi) and the population in 2014 was 458.

  * Government data pages (in Catalan)


Mwika Kusini

Mwika Kusini is a town and ward in the Moshi Rural district of the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. Mwika Kusini borders Mwika Kaskazini to the north, Rombo district to the east, Makuyuni to the south and Marangu Mashariki to the west

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics reported that there were 21,070 people in the ward, down from 19,645 in 2012.

Mwika people (Chaga people) prepare their traditional food that they grow. Banana is a staple that produces dishes such as the favorite machalari. Machalari is prepared with banana and meat. Other traditional food includes kiburu, kitawa, mtori, mlaso, ngararimo, kisusio, kimamtine and others of the like, according to nature of crops and animals on the Chaga land.


Liu Wen

Liu Wen may refer to:

  * Liu Wen (model) (born 1988), Chinese model
  * Liu Wen (doctor), one of the whistleblowers of the 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak


Haapiti Rahi

Haapiti Rahi, also known as Motu Haapiti Rahi, is a 3.5-acre (0.014 km2) private island in the lagoon of Bora Bora in French Polynesia. It is the located between Krisu, and Tevairoa, near Haapiti Iti.

Administration

The island is part of Bora Bora Commune.

Tourism

The island is up for sale

Transportation

After arriving in Fa'a'ā International Airport, an Air Tahiti inter-island flight (50 minutes) will bring you to Bora Bora Airport.

There, you will need to hire a boat at the Rent-a-boat Office.


Josefine Krengel

Josefine Krengel is a German football defender, currently playing for Lokomotive Leipzig in the Bundesliga.Turbine Potsdam, Bayern MunichTennis Borussia Berlin.

Personal life

Outside of football, Krengel worked as an insurance salesperson.


John Anson Ford Amphitheatre

The John Anson Ford Theatre is a music venue in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The 1,200-seat outdoor amphitheater is situated within the Cahuenga Pass within the Santa Monica Mountains. Located in a County regional park, the facility is owned by the County of Los Angeles and operated in partnership with the Ford Theatre Foundation and the Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation. The Ford has been operated by the Los Angeles Philharmonic since 2020.

History

Christine Wetherill Stevenson and The Pilgrimage Play

An amphitheatre was built in 1920 as a venue for The Pilgrimage Play.Christine Wetherill Stevenson, believed the rugged beauty of the Cahuenga Pass would provide a dramatic outdoor setting for the play.Hollywood Bowl now sits.brush fire in October 1929.

Rebuild and Renaming

A new theatre was constructed of poured concrete and designed in the style of ancient Judaic architecture to resemble the gates of Jerusalem on the same site and opened in 1931.World War II.

In 1976, the Pilgrimage Theatre was renamed the John Anson Ford Theatre in honor of the late LA County Supervisor's significant support of the arts.John Anson Ford (1883–1983) helped found the LA County Arts Commission, encouraged the Board of Supervisors to support the building of The Music Center and led the County's acquisition of Descanso Gardens, among many other achievements.

Ford Theatres Project

Starting in 2014, the Ford Theatres began the process of undergoing a series of renovations that would rehabilitate and improve the current historic theatre and add new facilities and amenities within the current boundaries of the Ford Theatres property.Ford Theatres Project.

Summer Season and Partnership Program

The Ford summer season's partnership program was designed to enable Los Angeles County music, dance and theatre groups to produce successfully in a major venue. Unlike a typical presenting model, groups and producers are selected through a competitive application process and receive front of house, production and marketing support, while keeping the bulk of the box office proceeds. From that first summer series in 1993, the program has supported hundreds of local arts organizations and producers.


John Anson Ford Amphitheatre

The Ford Theatres presents an eclectic season of music, dance, theatre, film and family events reflective of the communities that comprise Los Angeles County. In addition to its multidisciplinary partnership program, the Ford's summer season includes a 10-part series showcasing artists from around the world, a six-part series for families and interactive participatory arts events that take place at its amphitheatre in Hollywood and at public sites across the County.

  * Official website
  * 100-Year Timeline


Centro Financiero Gigante

Centro Financiero Gigante (CFG) is a complex of office buildings located in San Salvador, El Salvador. It has five towers: July 1, one 10, another 12, another 14 and the highest 19 floors, the tallest tower measures 70 meters (229.65 feet).

It is a phased project that began with the construction of the first two towers. After several years increased the number of buildings and has become one of the most buoyant complexes in San Salvador. Distribution of the towers:

Details

Tower "A" is home to the telephone company RED.

Tower "B" (the highest) is owned by the Spanish company Telefónica.

Tower "C" is owned by Tigo.

Tower "D" is occupied by the U.S. company Stream Global Services.

Tower "E" is the headquarters of Walmart in El Salvador.

There are several Call Centers and Nearshore Operations located in this complex, including Ubiquity Global Services and Tech Americas USA. The Canadian and Israeli embassies are also located in the towers.


Convolvulus farinosus

Convolvulus farinosus is a species of plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It is native to sub-Saharan Africa.


Chamani-ye Vasat

Chamani-ye Vasat (Persian: چماني وسط, also Romanized as Chamanī-ye Vasaţ and Chamānī-ye Vasaţ)Kuhsarat Rural District, in the Central District of Minudasht County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 97, in 24 families.


Johannes Scheuter

Johannes Scheuter (8 November 1880 – 7 August 1944) was a Dutch sports shooter.600 m free rifle event at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

  * Johannes Scheuter at Olympedia


Esplegares

Esplegares is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 54 inhabitants.


Narmada Chandra Roy

Narmada Chandra Roy is a Revolutionary Socialist Party politician and a seven-time MLA from Kushmandi in Dakshin Dinajpur district.

Born on 5 March 1956 to Jatindranath Roy, he is a graduate.

Narmada Chandra Roy was elected to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Kushmandi in 1987,


Liu Wu, Prince of Liang

Not to be confused with Liu Wu, Prince of Chu, who lived at the same time.

Liu Wu (刘武) (c. 184–144 BC), posthumously named Prince Xiao of Liang,Han prince. He was a son of Emperor Wen and Empress Xiaowen, and a younger brother of Emperor Jing. He played a prominent role in the suppression of the Rebellion of the Seven Princes. He was also responsible for the assassination of the minister Yuan Ang.

Life

Liu Wu was initially created prince of Dai (代王) in 178 BC. In 176, he became prince of Huaiyang (淮陽王) instead and his brother Liu Can (劉粲) replaced him as prince of Dai. In 168, this was changed again to Liang.

Rebellion of the Seven Princes

After Emperor Jing ordered the execution of Chao Cuo at the urging of Yuan Ang, Liu Wu was besieged at his capital Suiyang by the armies of Wu and Chu during the Rebellion of the Seven States. His mother the empress dowager Xiaowen urged the emperor to send the imperial army to relieve him. The general Zhou Yafu succeeded in counselling against a direct assault: instead, his force took advantage of disorder among the rebels to establish a strong camp at Xiayi (下邑, modern Dangshan in Anhui) athwart their line of supply and communication along the Si River.Han Tuidang's cavalry raiders to disrupt what little overland supply the rebels could manage from Chu. Having wearied their armies assaulting Suiyang, the rebel princes were forced to fall back for supplies and their assaults on Xiayi were defeated with such prepared ease that Zhou initially refused to be woken from bed.Prince of Chu took his own life and Liu Pi was killed by Yue natives as he fled.Luan Bu followed this by defeating the other rebel princes, who chose either death or execution. The successful strategy earned Zhou Yafu the wrath of the Prince of Liang and his mother, however.

Patron of the arts

For his support during the rebellion, his brother Emperor Jing gave him many honors and privileges. His private gardens rivaled the emperor'sYang Sheng (羊勝), Gongsun Gui (公孫詭), and Zou Yang (鄒陽).fu poets such as Sima Xiangru.

Fall from grace


Liu Wu, Prince of Liang

Fall from grace

When the emperor demoted his eldest son Liu Rong from heir apparent to prince of Linjiang in 150 BC, the empress dowager took the occasion of an imperial feast to demand that Emperor Jing name Liu Wu as his crown prince in preference to his other sons. He immediately agreed,Yuan Ang in particular counseled strongly against breaking the laws of succession, as the act would set a highly destabilizing precedent. Acting in support of their patron, Gongsun Gui and Yang Sheng conspired to have the elderly minister stabbed to death outside the walls of the imperial suburb of Anling.Liu Che, the prince of Jiaodong, was promoted to crown prince and his mother Lady Wang to empress.

The mural of the Four Gods at the Henan Provincial Museum.

Death

Liu Wu died at home in 144 BC after a trip to Chang'an. His memorial to his brother asking to extend his stay at the capital was rejected and he took ill soon after returning home.catties of gold and an equivalent amount of wealth in land — if true, and assuming the gold was pure, this fortune would be equivalent to more than US$30 billion today.serial killer Liu Pengli.Liu Mai, Liu Ming, Liu Ding, and Liu Bushi.realm of Liang into five pieces and bestowing them upon Liu Wu's sons.

Tomb

The tomb of the Prince of Liang and his wife is located within Mount Mangdang in present-day Yongcheng in Henan. It is the site of the oldest known surviving Chinese murals,four symbols: the blue dragon, white tiger, red bird, and black turtle. The paint was composed of vermillion, mica, and malachite.Henan Provincial Museum and displayed in 1998. Within a year, the conditions at the museum had warped and cracked the frame and painting. It was somewhat repaired in 2003.jade burial suits and bi.

  * Principality of Liang


Haapsipea

Haapsipea is a village in Peipsiääre Parish, Tartu County in eastern Estonia.

58°38′N 27°08′E / 58.633°N 27.133°E


Josefina Villamil Tinajero

Josefina Villamil Tinajero is a Mexican-American educator and author. Her work and writing are focused on bilingual literacy,National Association for Bilingual Education (NABE) and has worked as a professor of bilingual education at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). Tinajero later became the dean of the College of Education at UTEP.El Diario de El Paso, she is an expert in bilingual education.El Paso Women's Hall of Fame.

Biography

Tinajero was born in the state of Chihuahua and lived in Ciudad Juárez until she was three before moving to El Paso, Texas.English.Spanish-speaking skills by using them at home.Catholic high school and met her future husband, Roberto Tinajero, at while working to pay for her school tuition.

Tinajero began teaching at UTEP in 1981.Texas A&M.Latino parents, especially mothers, help encourage their children to attend college.dropping out of school or going to college.

Between 1997 and 2000 she was the president of the National Association for Bilingual Education (NABE).Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Mexican government recognized her contribution to bilingual education in 2016 by giving her the Ohtli Award.

Publications

  * ——; Alma Flor Ada, eds. (1993). The Power of Two Languages: Literacy and Biliteracy for Spanish-speaking students. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 9780021781324.
  * ——; Robert A. DeVillar, eds. (2000). The Power of Two Languages 2000: Effective Dual-Language Use Across the Curriculum. New York: McGraw-Hill School Division. ISBN 9780021869343.
  * Faculty page at UTEP


John Anthony Parsons

John Anthony Parsons (20 February 1938 – 26 April 2004) was a British sports journalist and author.

Life

John was born the son of Les Parsons and his wife Marion in Oxford on 20 February 1938. His father had been president of the Lawn Tennis Association for the Oxford area.

As a schoolboy at Magdalen College School, Parsons was a member of the tennis team. At the age of 14, he began writing football match reports for the Oxford Mail. After leaving school in 1956, he took a job as a reporter on general topics at the paper. In 1964 he moved to the Daily Mail.

In January 1981, Parsons came to the Daily Telegraph and succeeded Lance Tingay as tennis correspondent. In 2001, he retired from full-time work but continued to cover major events for the paper. Beside his journalistic work, he published numerous books including The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Tennis (1998) and the Official Wimbledon Annual every year.

Parsons was born with only one functioning kidney. He received a kidney transplant in 1982 after his only kidney had been injured by a soldier during a military coup in Nigeria in 1975. While reporting from the NASDAQ-100 Open at Miami in March 2004, he suffered an acute kidney failure and was brought to Mercy Hospital. He died there a month later. He was unmarried and survived by his parents and his sister Heather Nason.

  * Obituary from the Daily Telegraph, 28 April 2004


Centro Médico

Centro Médico may refer to:

  * Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, a hopspital in Mexico City
      + Centro Médico metro station, a metro station servicing the hospital
      + Centro Médico (Mexico City Metrobús), a BRT station servicing the hospital
  * Centro Médico station (Puerto Rico), in San Juan
  * Centro Médico (Guatemala), a hospital in Guatemala City
  * Centro Médico Excel, a skyscraper in Tijuana, Mexico
  * Centro Médico Episcopal San Lucas,a hospital in Ponce, Puerto Rico
  * Medical Center (disambiguation)


Convolvulus oleifolius

Convolvulus oleifolius is a species of plant in the family Convolvulaceae.

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from Convolvulus oleifolius, . Encyclopedia of Life. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.


Chamanthedon ochracea

Chamanthedon ochracea is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from South Africa.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chamanthedon ochracea.
Wikispecies has information related to Chamanthedon ochracea.


John Hamilton (footballer, born 1891)

John Hamilton (19 January 1891 – 24 August 1964) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

  * John Hamilton's playing statistics from AFL Tables
  * John Hamilton at AustralianFootball.com


Espoir Sportif de Jerba Midoun

Espoir Sportif de Jerba Midoun (Arabic: الأمل الرياضي بجربة ميدون, often referred to as ٍُESJM ) is a football club from Djerba in Tunisia. Founded in 1974, the team plays in white and blue colors. Their ground is the Stade Municipal de Midoun, which has a capacity of 10,000.

The club was relegated from League 2 to League 3 at the end of the 2007–08 season.

Honours

  * Tunisian Coupe de la Ligue Professionnelle: 1
2000/01
  * Tunisian Coupe de la Ligue Professionnelle 2: 1
2006/07


Heinrich Moser (artist)

Heinrich August Johann Moser (1886-1947) was a German artist, known for his stained-glass windows in northeastern Brazil.

Moser became known for his works in stained glass, but also mastered painting, sculpture, as well as architecture.

Biography

Moser was born in Munich, 1886, where he studied in two art schools, and in 1910 he moved to Recife, Brazil.

Moser became famous for his work on various sacred and also profane stained-glass windows; as a painter, he worked on church ceilings, canvases and tiles; and also as a sculptor and architect. In Recife, he designed a triple-stained glass window display in 4 different locations: in the Court of Justice, the International Club of Recife, the Nossa Senhora das Gracas Church ( Our Lady of Graces Church), and the Boa Vista church. In addition, Moser was commissioned to design several profane stained-glass windows for client's houses, as was usual at that time period. His sacred art was not restricted to stained-glass, he also painted church ceilings, carved saints, church altars and so on.. He spread his knowledge and he handed down his knoledgment to local artists, such as Lula Cardoso Ayres

His graphic artwork is less known but it's still relevant, as he produced illustrations for periodicals, books, catalogues and others.

Along with other artists from Pernambuco, Moser founded the "Escola de Belas Artes do Recife" (School of Fine Arts of Recife), that was later merged with “Universidade Federal de Pernambuco” (Federal University of Pernambuco).

Death

He died in Recife in 1947, leaving a relevant contribution to the art and culture of the state of Pernambuco.


Haar, Bavaria

Haar (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːɐ̯]) is a municipality in the district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 12 km east of Munich (centre). As of 2017 it had a population of more than 20,000.

It is home to the Haar Disciples, a team in the first division of German's Baseball Bundesliga. In October 2017, the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office were relocated to Haar.


Liu Wuzhou

Dingyang Khan (定楊可汗) or
Dingyang Tianzi (定楊天子)
           Family name:  Liu (劉, líu)
            Given name:  Wuzhou (武周, wǔ zhōu)
       Posthumous name:  None

Liu Wuzhou (劉武周; died 622?) was a rebel leader who rose against the rule of the Chinese Sui Dynasty late in the dynasty's history, and he took imperial style—although it was not completely clear whether the title he took was khan or tianzi. He was initially only able to take control of modern northern Shanxi and parts of central Inner Mongolia, but after Li Yuan established Tang Dynasty at Chang'an as its Emperor Gaozu in 618, he, with support from Eastern Tujue, briefly captured Li Yuan's initial power base of Taiyuan in 619, posing a major threat to Li Yuan's rule. In 620, Li Yuan's son Li Shimin (the future Emperor Taizong) counterattacked, and not only recaptured Taiyuan but further captured Liu's power base Mayi (modern Shuozhou, Shanxi), forcing Liu to flee to Eastern Tujue. When Liu subsequently tried to flee back to Mayi, Eastern Tujue executed him.

Initial establishment of Dingyang

Liu Wuzhou

Liu Wuzhou's clan was originally from Hejian Commandery (河間郡, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei). His father Liu Kuang (劉匡) relocated to Mayi (in modern Shuozhou, Shanxi). Liu Wuzhou's mother was Liu Kuang's wife Lady Zhao. Liu Wuzhou was known for his strengths and skills at archery, and he often spent time congregating with people with similar dispositions. His older brother Liu Shanbo (劉山伯) was not pleased with this, and often rebuked him, stating, "You are careless with your friendships, and one day you will destroy our clan." Liu Wuzhou therefore left home and went to Sui Dynasty's eastern capital Luoyang, where he served under the general Yang Yichen. During Yang's participation of the campaigns against Goguryeo, Liu Wuzhou, on account of his accomplishments, was made a Xiaowei (校尉)—an army officer rank just below a general.


Liu Wuzhou

At some later point, Liu Wuzhou returned home and continued to be a Xiaowei for the commandery militia. At that time, the commandery governor Wang Rengong (王仁恭), who was corrupt and unable to care for the poor, was impressed with Liu for his fame in the commandery, and he gave Liu the command of his personal guards. Liu carried on an affair with one of Wang's servant girls, and was afraid that he would be punished if news leaked. He therefore told the people of the commandery that Wang was unwilling to aid the poor and the


Liu Wuzhou

poor and the famished—causing there to be general discontent among the people. He then took leave on account of illness, but when the local gentry came visiting him, he invited them to a feast and declared his intent to rebel; they agreed to join him. In spring 617, he took his men to the commandery government and killed Wang. The people of the commandery submitted, and he opened up the food storages to feed the poor. He gathered about 10,000 soldiers and declared himself commandery governor, and he submitted to Eastern Tujue. When officials of the nearby


Liu Wuzhou

of the nearby Yanmen Commandery (roughly modern Xinzhou, Shanxi), Chen Xiaoyi (陳孝意) and Wang Zhibian (王智辯) attacked him, he struck back in conjunction with Eastern Tujue, killing Wang and forcing Chen to flee. He then captured Loufan Commandery (樓煩郡, part of modern Xinzhou) and pillaged Fenyang Palace (汾陽宮)—one of the numerous subsidiary palaces that Emperor Yang built around the empire—and took the ladies in waiting and gave them to Eastern Tujue's Shibi Khan Ashina Duojishi as a tribute; in return, Ashina Duojishi sent him horses. Liu then also captured Dingxiang


Liu Wuzhou

also captured Dingxiang Commandery (定襄郡, roughly modern Hohhot, Inner Mongolia). Ashina Duojishi then created him "Dingyang Khan"—i.e., "the Khan who rules over Yang." (Yang was the name of Sui's imperial clan.) Ashina Duojishi also bestowed on Liu a great banner with a symbol of a wolf's head. Liu then declared himself emperor.empress, and he changed his era name to further show independence from Sui. Soon, he captured Yanmen as well. (The Sui general in charge at Taiyuan, Li Yuan, was unable to stop Liu, and it was partly because of this that


Liu Wuzhou

of this that Li Yuan's son Li Shimin was able to persuade Li Yuan to rebel as well to avoid possible punishment by Emperor Yang, and Li Yuan did so later in 617, capturing the capital Chang'an and declaring Emperor Yang's grandson Yang You emperor (as Emperor Gong); in 618, after hearing of Emperor Yang's death at Yangzhou, had Yang You yield the throne to him, establishing Tang Dynasty as its Emperor Gaozu.) In spring 619, Ashina Duojishi apparently was planning a launch a major incursion into Chinese territory, and he had Liu and another rebel


Liu Wuzhou

and another rebel ruler, Liang Shidu the Emperor of Liang, join him, but Ashina Duojishi soon died, and Tujue abandoned the campaign.


Liu Wuzhou

Campaign against Tang

Map of the situation in northern China during the transition from the Sui to the Tang, with the main contenders for the throne and the main military operations

Liu Wuzhou, however, launched a campaign against Tang himself in late spring 619, with collateral support by Eastern Tujue forces. In summer 619, he approached Taiyuan, then defended by Emperor Gaozu's son, Li Yuanji the Prince of Qi. Li Yuanji sent the general Zhang Da (張達) against Liu, despite Zhang's reluctance, as Li Yuanji gave Zhang only a small army, and Liu defeated Zhang. Zhang, angry at Li Yuanji, instead surrendered to Liu and led Liu to capture Yuci (榆次, in modern Jinzhong, Shanxi). Soon, Liu put Taiyuan under siege. Li Yuanji initially fought him off, but soon Liu captured Shi (石州, roughly modern Lüliang, Shanxi) and Jie (介州, also part of modern Jinzhong) Prefectures, and soon, Liu's general Huang Ziying (黃子英) defeated and captured the Tang generals Jiang Baoyi (姜寶誼) and Li Zhongwen (李仲文), although Jiang and Li Zhongwen soon fled from Liu's camp.

Around the same time, Liu received additional support, in the form of the agrarian rebel leader Song Jin'gang (宋金剛), who was initially an adherent of Wei Dao'er (魏刀兒), until Wei was defeated and killed by Dou Jiande the Prince of Xia. Song was unable to resist Dou, and fled to Liu, who, believing Song to be a capable general, created him the Prince of Song and greatly honored him, even giving Song half of his possessions as a gift. Song then divorced his wife and married Liu's sister. Song then suggested to Liu that he should first capture Bing Prefecture (并州, i.e., Taiyuan) and then further attack south to try to capture more territory, to seek to unite China.


Liu Wuzhou

The mounting defeats concerned Tang's Emperor Gaozu, and he sent one of his senior advisors, Pei Ji, with a sizeable army to face Liu. Pei reached Jie Prefecture in the fall and placed its capital, Jiexiu (介休), under siege, with Song defending. Song soon cut off Pei's water supply, and the Tang army began to weaken in thirst, and it was defeated by Song. After the battle, Liu again approached Taiyuan, and Li Yuanji, in panic, abandoned Taiyuan and fled back to the Tang capital Chang'an. Liu then moved his capital from Mayi to Taiyuan, and soon, Song captured Jin (晉州) and Gui (澮州, together roughly modern Linfen, Shanxi) as well, and Pei was unable to resist. In shock, Tang's Emperor Gaozu considered entirely abandoning the Hedong (河東, i.e., modern Shanxi) region, but his son Li Shimin (the later Emperor Taizong) objected, offering to engage Liu. Emperor Gaozu then commissioned Li Shimin with an army and had him head toward Liu's position.

Defeat and death


Liu Wuzhou

Defeat and death

Li Shimin crossed the Yellow River, and while he initially had problem with food supplies, he was able to persuade the people in the country to supply his army. He then refused to engage Song, trying to wear Song down. Meanwhile, however, another Tang army, commanded by Emperor Gaozu's cousin Li Xiaoji (李孝基) the Prince of Yong'an, assisted by another cousin, Dugu Huai'en (獨孤懷恩) and two other officials, Yu Yun (于筠) and Tang Jian (唐儉), was attacking Liu's ally Lü Chongmao (呂崇茂), then at Xia (夏縣, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi). Lü sought aid from Song, and Song sent his subordinates Yuchi Gong and Xun Xiang (尋相) to attack Li Xiaoji, defeating him, and capturing him, Dugu, Yu, Tang, as well as another key general, Liu Shirang (劉世讓). (Liu Xiaoji soon tried to flee and was executed by Liu Wuzhou.) When Yuchi and Xun then sought to aid another ally, Wang Xingben (王行本), a Sui general still holding out against Tang at Pufan (蒲反, in modern Yuncheng as well), but they were defeated by Li Shimin and forced to withdraw; Wang subsequently was forced to surrender in spring 620, and Emperor Gaozu executed him. Later in spring 620, Liu Wuzhou attacked Tang's Lu Prefecture (潞州, roughly modern Changzhi, Shanxi), and while he was initially successful, he was unable to capture its capital.

Later, Huang Ziying, while ordered to protect the roads of supplies, was assaulted and killed by Tang general Zhang Dezheng (張德政). In summer 620, Li Shimin, believing Song's army to be worn out, launched a major counterattack, first defeating Xun Xiang, and then advancing quickly, engaged Song at Queshu Canyon (雀鼠谷, in modern Jinzhong), defeating Song eight times, eventually forcing Song to flee. Yuchi and Xun surrendered. Liu, hearing of Song's defeat, abandoned Taiyuan in panic and fled to Eastern Tujue. Song tried to battle Tang forces again, but could not gather his troops any more, and therefore fled to Eastern Tujue as well.


Liu Wuzhou

At a later date—probably 622, as the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang both stated that Liu's campaigns lasted over a span of six calendar years—Liu tried to flee back to Mayi to reestablish himself, against Eastern Tujue orders, and when this was discovered, he was executed.

Era name

  * Tianxing (天興 tiān xīng) 617-620

Personal information

  * Father
      + Liu Kuang (劉匡)
  * Mother
      + Lady Zhao, Liu Kuang's wife
  * Wife
      + Empress Ju (created 617)


Jala Fahmy

Jala Fahmi (Arabic: جالا فهمي; 1962 – 2022) was an Egyptian actress.

Biography

Jala Fahmi was born on 6 November 1962, in Cairo, Egypt. In 1986, she graduated from the Faculty Of Arts Cairo University. She started her career by her appearance on the television program, The Solution is the Rope. After that, she appeared in some films in small roles such as A Bad Day and a Good Day. She had significant roles in films such as Pizza Pizza (1989), Execution of a Judge (1990), Keid El-Awalem (1991), El Helaly's Fist (1991), Suspicious Connections (1996), Jala Jala (2001), The First Time You Fall in Love (2003). Fahmi worked on radio and television.

She passed away on 26 February 2022.

Filmography

Films

  * 2003: The First Time You Fall in Love
  * 2001: Jala Jala
  * 1998: Pizza Pizza
  * 1996: Suspicious Connections
  * 1995: Ta'Ta' wa Reeka wa Kazem Bey
  * 1994: Jeans
  * 1992: Girls In Trouble
  * 1992: Al Hob Fi Taba
  * 1991: El Helaly's Fist
  * 1991: Keid El-Awalem
  * 1990: Execution of a Judge
  * 1988: Youm Mor We Youm Helw

Series

  * 1995: Layaly El Helmeya
  * 1990: El Weseyya
  * Jala Fahmy at IMDb


John Anthony Derrington

John Anthony Derrington CBE FREng FIStructE FICE (24 December 1921 – 9 February 2008) was a British civil engineer.

Biography

Derrington was born in London.Bachelor of Science degree in engineering and a Diploma of Imperial College.

He was head of the design group at Sir Robert McAlpine and also wrote in the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) regarding multi-story concrete construction.

Affiliations and honours

He was a fellow of the ICE, of the Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE; 1984–85), and of the Royal Academy of Engineering. He was elected president of the IStructE for the 1979–80 session, of the ICE for the 1984–85 session and of the Offshore Engineering Society for 1987–88.1986 Birthday Honours, he was invested as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

Death

Derrington lived in Rottingdean, East Sussex. He died on 9 February 2008 at the age of 86. The ICE held a memorial service for him at Westminster Cathedral on 10 November 2008.

  * Watson, Garth (1988), The Civils, Thomas Telford Ltd, ISBN 978-0-7277-0392-7


House of Perestiani

The House of Perestiani (Russian: Дом Перестиани) is a model of background building of the 19th century: 64 Greek St in Taganrog, Rostov Oblast.

History

At the beginning of the 1860s to the modern address 64 Grecheskaya Street, the two-storeyed house which for 1880 belonged to the official Nikolay Afanasyevich Perestiani was built. He was a native of the wealthy family of merchants, held a position of the magistrate judge and was a member of an artistic society of Taganrog. The first marriage was unsuccessful, and with the first wife, it parted. At Nikolay, Afanasyevich was two children born out of marriage from the actress Anna Ivanovna Solodukhina (a creative pseudonym – Alexandrov). Younger of these children became the film director and the actor, Ivan Nikolaevich Perestiani who acted in movies "Red Little Devils" and "Three Lives". Nikolay Afanasyevich Perestiani spent many forces, submitted various applications of office that his children were not considered as illegitimate and as a result achieved official adoption. Lidiya Pavlovna Petropavlovskaya became his second official wife. It also had the second marriage – she was a widow of a collegiate assessor. The wedding was held on October 15, 1872, in marriage with Lidiya Petropavlovskaya was born three children: Lidiya, Lyudmila, and Mstislav. Nikolay Afanasyevich died in 1899.

From 1890 to 1906 the house was owned by Lidiya Perestiani. In 1915 the barrister's wife Elena Konstantinovna Kovalevskaya became the owner of the house.

Description


House of Perestiani

Description

The house is built of a brick, two-storeyed, built on the stone base. As of 1871 at the house, there was a wing, the big yard, and wooden services. A house facade at the level of the first-floor рустован. Shod gate and a gate are located between brick poles. In the yard, the two-storeyed ledge which serves as the central entrance settles down. Windows which are on the first floor are decorated with capstones with lion's masks which are placed over a design. Windows on the second floor possess a rectangular shape, they are taken away in simple platbands. The crowning eaves on a facade lean on arms.


Convoy HG 73

Convoy HG 73 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the Second World War. It was the 73rd of the numbered HG convoys Homeward bound to the British Isles from Gibraltar. The convoy departed Gibraltar on 17 September 1941Liverpool on 1 October.

Forces involved

HG 73 comprised 25 ships homeward bound from Gibraltar, many in ballast, or carrying trade goods. The convoy commodore was Rear admiral. K.E.L Creighton in the cargo liner Avoceta and the convoy was protected by a Western Approaches Command escort group. This consisted of the sloop HMS Fowey and eight corvettes, reinforced by the auxiliary anti-aircraft cruiser/Fighter catapult ship HMS Springbank. The convoy escort was augmented during the first few days by the destroyers Duncan, Vimy and Farndale, and was reinforced at various times throughout the voyage as warships came and went.

Ranged against HG 73 was an ad hoc wolfpack of five U-boats (U-124, U-201, U-203, U-205, and U-371), in concert with a group of four Italian submarines (Da Vinci, Malaspina, Morosini and Torelli) on patrol west of the Straits of Gibraltar. They were assisted by aircraft from Kampfgeschwader 40 (KG40), flying long-range Fw 200 Condors, based at Bordeaux.

Action

HG 73 sailed from Gibraltar on 17 September 1941, and was reported almost immediately by German agents across the bay in neutral Spain; these were able to report the convoy's composition, escort strength and departure time.

The Condors from KG40 and the four Italian submarines (unbeknownst to Befehlshaber der U-Boote "U-boat Command" (BdU) one of these, Malaspina, had already been destroyed the previous week

On 18 September a Condor sighted HG 73 off Cape St Vincent, but this was driven off by the Fulmar launched from Springbank.

On 19 September the convoy was sighted again, first by Morosini, and later by U-371, though both lost contact; Morosini fell out of the pursuit with engine trouble,U-371, en route to the Mediterranean, was ordered to continue on her way.