2020 Sibiu Open – Singles

Bottom half

  First round                                   Second round        Quarterfinals                                  Semifinals

  7            [Tunisia] M Jaziri           6   6
               [Poland] K Żuk               4   2                                  7    [Tunisia] M Jaziri         6                        77
               [Brazil] O Luz               6   3             6                         [Brazil] O Luz             3                        63
  WC           [Romania] VV Cornea          1   6             2                                                                             7                          [Tunisia] M Jaziri         2  1
  Q            [Germany] Elmar Ejupovic     3   62                                                                 4                        [Argentina] F Cerúndolo    6                          6
  PR           [Spain] Í Cervantes          6   77                                 PR   [Spain] Í Cervantes        79                       3                          4
  Q            [France] Matthieu Perchicot  4   3                                  4    [Argentina] F Cerúndolo    67                       6                          6
  4            [Argentina] F Cerúndolo      6   6                                       4                          [Argentina] F Cerúndolo  3                          0
  8            [Japan] Shuichi Sekiguchi    7   78                                                                                [Argentina] TM Etcheverry  6  6
  WC           [Romania] D Dima             5   66                                 8    [Japan] S Sekiguchi        2                        3
  Alt          [Brazil] F Meligeni Alves    6   6                                  Alt  [Brazil] F Meligeni Alves  6                        6
  Q            [Turkey] E Kırkın            4   3                                                                                Alt                        [Brazil] F Meligeni Alves  3  0
               [India] S Mukund             4   65                                                                                [Argentina] TM Etcheverry  6                          6
               [Argentina] JM Cerúndolo     6   77                                      [Argentina] JM Cerúndolo   4                        67
               [Argentina] TM Etcheverry    77  4             77                        [Argentina] TM Etcheverry  6                        79
  2            [France] Q Halys             63  6             62

  * Main draw
  * Qualifying draw


Edison Plaza

The Edison Plaza is a 17-story office building in downtown Beaumont, Texas, located at 350 Pine St. The building is downtown's newest and tallest skyscraper.Entergy, Texas; however, Entergy no longer owns the building and leases four floors only out of the 17 in the building. It is erroneously called "The Entergy Building" but its correct name is still Edison Plaza. On the grounds of the Edison Plaza is the Edison Museum. As of November 2015, Capital One acquired signage rights to the building.


Dosse (river)

The Dosse is a river in the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin in the northwestern part of Brandenburg, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Havel in Saxony-Anhalt.

The Dosse is 94 kilometres (58 mi) long, with its source on the border between Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Brandenburg, arising out of three small brooks that unite after four kilometres. It flows generally south, through Wittstock, Wusterhausen and Neustadt an der Dosse, before joining the Havel near Havelberg in Saxony-Anhalt. The total catchment area is 1,268 square kilometres (490 sq mi).

Course of the Dosse through Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt

With the town of Wittstock on its banks, the Dosse was the site of the 1636 Battle of Wittstock between Sweden and an alliance between Imperial and Saxon troops during the Thirty Years' War.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dosse.
  * List of rivers of Brandenburg
  * List of rivers of Saxony-Anhalt


Alan Garrity

Alan Garrity is a musician who had a number of hits in South Africa and Rhodesia.

He had his first hit with Put Your Hand in the Hand which was No 1 on the Springbok Top 20 chart for four weeks in 1971. This was followed up by I Need Someone which reached No 2 on Springbok Top 20 and spent 33 weeks on the chartsHome Isn't Home Anymore, reached no 5 on the charts.

In 1975 he won a second SARI Award for Best Male Vocalist and his third in 1981 along with a SARI for Top Twenty Artist of the Year.

Discography

Singles

  * "Put Your Hand in the Hand" (1971)
  * "The Dream Waltz" (1971)
  * "Somehow, Somewhere" (1971)
  * "I Need Someone" (1971)
  * "Till The Rivers All Run Dry" (1972)
  * "Home Isn't Home Anymore" (1972)
  * "I’ll Have To Dream" (1973)
  * "Goodbye Mama" (1973)
  * "She’s My Woman" (1975)
  * "Sunshine In My World" (1976)
  * "You’re Losing Me" (1980)
  * "Santa Maria" (1981)
  * Oh Louisa
  * Christmas At Home
  * A love Like That
  * You Stood By Me
  * Give me back My Woman

Albums

  * Put Your Hand In The Hand (1971)
  * I Need Someone (1972)
  * Words and Music (1975)
  * The World of Alan Garrity
  * Feelings
  * A Song for you
  * A winters Tale. Recorded in the UK
  * Christmas with Alan Garrity
  * tracks on Numerous compilation Albums.
  * Best Of Alan Garrity
  * Beach House in the Blue Mountains (with Jurie Els) Universal Music 2013


Vindusara

Vindusara is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.


Wenzel Storch

Wenzel Storch (born 1961, Braunschweig, West Germany) is a German film director and producer.

His low-budget fantasy films tend to be critical towards the church and are filled with weird characters and settings as well as violence and bodily fluids.

Films

  * Die Reise ins Glück (Journey into bliss) (2004)
  * Sommer der Liebe (1993)
  * Der Glanz dieser Tage (1989)
  * Autohüpfen und Ommas ärgern (1987)
  * Wenzel Storch's English homepage
  * Wenzel Storch at IMDb


Gabbro Peak (California)

Gabbro Peak is an 11,033-foot-elevation (3,363-meter) mountain summit located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Mono County of northern California, United States.Hoover Wilderness on land managed by Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest. The peak is situated one mile outside the boundary of Yosemite National Park, approximately three miles northwest of Virginia Lakes, one-half mile north of Page Peaks, and 2.2 miles (3.5 km) west-northwest of Dunderberg Peak. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises over 2,000 feet (610 meters) above Green Lake in one-half mile. Gabbro Peak may be climbed from East Lake, or via the Virginia Pass Trail.

Climate

Gabbro Peak is located in an alpine climate zone.weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing moisture in the form of rain or snowfall to drop onto the range. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains into headwaters of West Fork Green Creek which is a tributary of the Walker River.

  * List of mountain peaks of California

Gabbro Peak (left) seen from East Lake

  * Weather forecast: Gabbro Peak


Doamna (Bistrița)

The Doamna is a right tributary of the river Bistrița in Romania.Bâtca Doamnei Reservoir near Piatra Neamț. Its length is 8 km (5.0 mi) and its basin size is 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi).


William McDonell Dawson

William McDonell Dawson (1822 – August 9, 1890) was a Quebec businessman and political figure, and a Scottish Roman Catholic.

He was born in Redhaven, Banffshire, Scotland in 1822 and came to Nepean Township near Bytown around 1836. He served as Crown Lands agent at Ottawa and was superintendent of the woods and forests branch in the Crown Lands department from 1852 to 1857. Dawson was founder and present of the North-West Transit Company.

In 1858, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Trois-Rivières; he was defeated there but elected for the County of Ottawa in the 1861 general election. During his first term in office, he travelled to London in an attempt to secure financing for a transcontinental railroad.

He died at Montreal in 1890.

His brother Simon James served in the Ontario legislature and the Canadian House of Commons. Another brother Aeneas McDonell Dawson was a priest and author at Ottawa.

  * "Biography". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
  * The Canadian parliamentary companion : first year, HJ Morgan (1862)
  * Les députés de la région des Trois-Rivières,FJ Audet (1934)


Ayvalı, Sarıçam

Ayvalı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıçam, Adana Province, Turkey.Yüreğir.


Anatoly Dneprov

Anatoly Dneprov may refer to:

  * Anatoly Dneprov (writer) (1919–1975), Soviet Ukrainian author
  * Anatoly Dneprov (singer) (1947–2008), Soviet singer


Edison Machine Works

Edison Machine Works on Goerck Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan photographed by Edison employee Charles L. Clarke.

The Edison Machine Works was a manufacturing company set up to produce dynamos, large electric motors, and other components of the electrical illumination system being built in the 1880s by Thomas A. Edison in New York City.

History

The need for equipment in the development of a large-scale electric illumination "utility" in New York City, starting around 1880, soon outstripped the capacity of Thomas Edison's machine shop at Menlo Park. To alleviate the problem in 1881 Edison leased the old Etna Iron Works on Goerck Street, Lower Manhattan and set up the Edison Machine Works with Edison providing 90% of the capital and investor partner Charles Batchelor providing 10%.Pearl Street Station as well as dynamos of various sizes for the different types of electric light installations Edison was offering customers. The Machine Works was incorporated in 1884 with Edison investor Charles Batchelor as general manager, John Kruesi as assistant general manager, and Samuel Insull as secretary.Electric Tube Company and the Edison Shafting Manufacturing Company were merged into the Edison Machine Works.

The Machine Works also had a department that designed and tested equipment and trained Edison workers how to wire buildings and install and repair dynamos. New types of dynamos were designed here as well as improved power consumption meters.

1896 view Schenectady, NY location after it had become General Electric

The demands of the expanding utility soon overtaxed the cramped lower Manhattan shop. Extra lathes needed for production had to be set up on the sidewalks outside the building connected through the factory windows by long drive belts.Machine Works, along with 200 of its workers, were moved to two unfinished factory buildings on a 10-acre site in Schenectady, NY, intended to have been the McQueen Locomotive Works.Edison Machine Works continued as a separate company until 1889, when all of Edison's electric related companies were merged to form Edison General Electric. The plant expanded rapidly and 1892 saw the merger of Edison General Electric and the Thomson-Houston Electric Company of Lynn, Massachusetts to form General Electric with the Schenectady location used as GE's headquarters for many years thereafter.

Historical marker about the Machine Works in Schenectady.

Notable employees


Edison Machine Works

Notable employees

  * Justus B. Entz - joined Edison Machine Works in 1887
  * Reginald Fessenden - worked at the Edison Machine Works in 1886
  * Kunihiko Iwadare - joined Edison Machine Works in 1887
  * Emil Kolben - joined Edison Machine Works in 1888
  * John W. Lieb - worked at the Edison Machine Works in 1881
  * Nikola Tesla - worked at the Edison Machine Works in 1884

40°42′58″N 73°58′40″W / 40.71611°N 73.97778°W

  * schenectadymuseum.org - Edison Machine Works
  * Edison Companies, Rutgers University – The Thomas Edison Paper


Dirksia cinctipes

Dirksia cinctipes is a species of true spider in the family Cybaeidae.


Alan Garnett Davenport

Alan Garnett Davenport (September 19, 1932 – July 19, 2009) was a professor at the University of Western Ontario and founder of its Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory. He analyzed the wind's effect on a significant portion of the world's tallest buildings including the building formerly known as the CN Tower, Sears Tower, Citicorp Center, and the World Trade Center. He was a Member of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honor.

Early life

Davenport was born in Madras, India and grew up in South Africa, attending Michaelhouse.Cambridge University for his B.A. and M.A. in mechanical science. He went on to receive an M.A.Sc. from the University of Toronto and a Ph.D. from the University of Bristol. His thesis of "The Treatment of Wind Loads on Tall Towers and Long Span Bridges in the Turbulent Wind" was the focus of his professional career.

He also served as a pilot in the Royal Canadian Navy.

He married Sheila Smith, with whom he had four children.

Research

Davenport and his laboratory contributed to the engineering and design of many tall buildings and bridges, including the Willis Tower, the World Trade Center and the Tsing Ma Bridge. They analyzed the wind flow and load over the structures using wind tunnels, detecting vulnerabilities which required compensating changes in the design.

He was a founding editor of the Canadian Journal of Civil EngineeringInstitute of Catastrophic Loss Reduction, a 1999 partnership between the University of Western Ontario and the Insurance board of Canada. Its goal is to improve construction practices and standards to better withstand extreme weather conditions.

Davenport authored more than 200 scientific papers during his career.

He was presented with the Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering in 1994,Albert Caquot Award in 2001.

He was honored with the Lynn S. Beedle Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat in 2005.

Retirement

He died in London, Ontario due to complications from Parkinson's disease


Vine (demon)

Vine is a demon listed in demonological grimoires such the Lesser Key of SolomonThomas Rudd's version)Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum,Jacques Collin de Plancy's Dictionnaire Infernal.

These texts rank Vine as both a king and an earl, describing him as a lion riding a black horse and carrying a viper. They ascribe to him the power to build towers, destroy walls, disturb seas, and furthermore answer questions on secrets, witches, and events past, present, and future.

Vine may be derived from or otherwise connected to the spirit "Royne" in the Liber Officiorum Spirituum,love magic, the ability to destroy enemies and consecrate objects (books especially).

According to Rudd, Vine is opposed by the Shemhamphorasch angel Sealiah.


1995 Manchester City Council election

Elections to Manchester Council were held on Thursday, 4 May 1995. One third of the council was up for election, with each successful candidate to serve a four-year term of office, expiring in 1999. The Labour Party retained overall control of the Council.

Election result

Manchester Council Election Result 1995
Party  Seats               Gains  Losses  Net gain/loss  Seats %  Votes %  Votes  +/−
       Labour              30     5       1              +4       88.2     63.2   57,270  +4.0%
       Liberal Democrats   4      1       2              -1       11.7     20.7   18,759  -3.3%
       Conservative        0      0       2              -2       0.0      11.7   10,636  -1.8%
       Green               0      0       0              0        0.0      1.9    1,753   0.0%
       Independent         0      0       0              0        0.0      1.8    1,690   +1.0%
       Independent Labour  0      0       1              -1       0.0      0.4    371     +0.2%
       Liberal             0      0       0              0        0.0      0.1    129     +0.1%
       Natural Law         0      0       0              0        0.0      0.0    19      0.0%

After the election, the composition of the council was as follows:

Party  Seats               +/-
       Labour              83   +4
       Liberal Democrats   14   -1
       Conservative        2    -2
       Independent Labour  0    -1
       Labour hold

Ward results

Ardwick

Ardwick
Party     Candidate          Votes          %      ±%
          Labour             Irene Summers  1,222  77.4  +2.2
          Liberal Democrats  S. Oliver      157    9.9   -8.2
          Conservative       Ann Hodkinson  102    6.5   -0.2
          Independent        S. O'Sullivan  97     6.1   +6.1
Majority  1,065              67.5           +10.3
Turnout   1,578
          Labour hold        Swing          +5.2

Baguley

Baguley
Party     Candidate          Votes           %      ±%
          Labour             Gerald Jones    1,836  77.9  +6.1
          Conservative       Trevor Roberts  286    12.1  -3.0
          Liberal Democrats  V. Purcell      188    8.0   -5.0
          Independent        Emma Hamilton   46     2.0   +2.0
Majority  1,550              65.8            +9.1
Turnout   2,356
          Labour hold        Swing           +4.5

Barlow Moor


1995 Manchester City Council election

Barlow Moor

Barlow Moor
Party     Candidate                           Votes            %      ±%
          Labour                              Kathleen Bloch   1,775  53.6  +5.1
          Liberal Democrats                   V. Bingham       1,126  34.0  -4.4
          Conservative                        M. Higginbottom  268    8.1   -0.2
          Green                               Robin Goater     142    4.3   -0.5
Majority  649                                 19.6             +9.5
Turnout   3,311
          Labour gain from Liberal Democrats  Swing            +4.7

Benchill

Benchill
Party     Candidate          Votes           %      ±%
          Labour             Niel Warren*    1,455  86.1  +15.0
          Liberal Democrats  Janice Redmond  189    11.2  +1.2
          Independent        J. Pickering    45     2.7   +2.7
Majority  1,266              75.0            +16.8
Turnout   1,689
          Labour hold        Swing           +6.9

Beswick and Clayton

Beswick and Clayton
Party     Candidate                           Votes         %      ±%
          Liberal Democrats                   Ken Dobson    1,622  58.6  +3.3
          Labour                              D. Parkes     1,073  38.8  -2.7
          Conservative                        Richard West  60     2.2   -1.0
          Independent                         H. Woodcock   13     0.5   +0.5
Majority  549                                 19.8          +6.0
Turnout   2,768
          Liberal Democrats gain from Labour  Swing         +3.0

Blackley

Blackley
Party     Candidate          Votes           %      ±%
          Labour             Eileen Kelly*   1,953  76.5  +1.6
          Conservative       A. Slack        307    12.0  -1.3
          Liberal Democrats  Peter Matthews  246    9.6   -2.2
          Independent        Cath Hall       46     1.8   +1.8
Majority  1,646              64.5            +2.9
Turnout   2,552
          Labour hold        Swing           +1.4

Bradford

Bradford
Party     Candidate          Votes            %      ±%
          Labour             Margaret Smith*  1,408  70.3  -1.5
          Liberal Democrats  Peter Fairhurst  417    20.8  +1.1
          Conservative       K. Hyde          119    5.9   -2.0
          Green              Elaine Brown     58     2.9   +2.9
Majority  991                49.5             -2.6
Turnout   2,002
          Labour hold        Swing            -1.3

Brooklands


1995 Manchester City Council election

Brooklands

Brooklands
Party     Candidate                      Votes           %      ±%
          Labour                         S. Calloway     1,783  67.1  +8.5
          Conservative                   Gladys Parry    564    21.2  -7.0
          Liberal Democrats              Anthony McGarr  269    10.1  -3.1
          Independent                    P. Styles       42     1.6   +1.6
Majority  1,219                          45.9            +15.6
Turnout   2,658
          Labour gain from Conservative  Swing           +7.7

Burnage

Burnage
Party     Candidate          Votes          %      ±%
          Labour             Michael Green  2,260  71.6  +11.6
          Liberal Democrats  J. Parkinson   464    14.7  -0.4
          Conservative       Jeffrey Leach  353    11.2  -8.6
          Independent        Z. Elford      78     2.5   -2.6
Majority  1,796              56.9           +16.7
Turnout   3,155
          Labour hold        Swing          +6.0

Central

Central
Party     Candidate          Votes               %      ±%
          Labour             Patricia Conquest*  1,296  82.1  +4.4
          Liberal Democrats  L. Dunn             110    7.0   -6.3
          Conservative       A. Keller           108    6.8   -2.3
          Independent        P. Lawrence         50     3.2   +3.2
          Independent        C. Morris           15     0.9   +0.9
Majority  1,186              75.1                +10.7
Turnout   1,579
          Labour hold        Swing               +5.3

Charlestown

Charlestown
Party     Candidate          Votes               %      ±%
          Labour             Eric Hobin          1,873  76.4  +5.3
          Conservative       Christine Saunders  320    13.1  -2.5
          Liberal Democrats  Robert West         212    8.7   -4.6
          Independent        J. Miller           45     1.8   +1.8
Majority  1,553              63.4                +8.0
Turnout   2,450
          Labour hold        Swing               +3.9

Cheetham


1995 Manchester City Council election

Cheetham

Cheetham
Party     Candidate          Votes            %      ±%
          Labour             John McGuinness  1,806  78.4  -1.1
          Conservative       Rodney Keller    166    7.2   -2.8
          Liberal            Richard Wilson   129    5.6   +5.6
          Liberal Democrats  Richard Clayton  106    4.6   -5.9
          Independent        George Taylor    69     3.0   +3.0
          Green              D. Wild          27     1.2   +1.2
Majority  1,640              71.2             +2.3
Turnout   2,303
          Labour hold        Swing            +0.8

Chorlton

Chorlton
Party     Candidate          Votes            %      ±%
          Labour             Valerie Stevens  2,903  67.9  +9.0
          Conservative       Jonathan Smith   651    15.2  -4.7
          Liberal Democrats  Helen Fisher     440    10.3  -3.6
          Green              Brian Candeland  279    6.5   -0.8
Majority  2,252              52.7             +13.6
Turnout   4,273
          Labour hold        Swing            +6.8

Crumpsall

Crumpsall
Party     Candidate          Votes               %      ±%
          Labour             Val Edwards*        2,079  74.6  +9.9
          Conservative       Gregory Skorsewski  389    14.0  -5.8
          Liberal Democrats  J. Spurway          248    8.9   -6.5
          Independent        Melanie Jarman      71     2.5   +2.5
Majority  1,690              60.6                +15.7
Turnout   2,787
          Labour hold        Swing               +7.8

Didsbury

Didsbury
Party     Candidate                      Votes               %      ±%
          Labour                         Richard Masztalerz  2,179  43.4  +3.3
          Conservative                   William Aikman*     1,452  28.9  -3.0
          Liberal Democrats              J. Lawley           1,323  26.3  +0.5
          Independent                    P. Howell           71     1.4   +1.4
Majority  727                            14.5                +6.3
Turnout   5,025
          Labour gain from Conservative  Swing               +3.1

Fallowfield


1995 Manchester City Council election

Fallowfield

Fallowfield
Party     Candidate          Votes            %      ±%
          Labour             Bernice Reid     1,519  57.9  -5.7
          Labour             David Royle      1,462
          Conservative       Simon Davenport  314    12.0  -2.8
          Liberal Democrats  Robert Harrison  277    10.6  -2.2
          Green              Micheal Daw      277    10.6  +5.9
          Conservative       P. Newlove       268
          Independent        E. Fiander       234    8.9   +8.0
          Liberal Democrats  Howard Totty     234
          Independent        P. Williamson    114
Majority  1,205              45.9             -2.9
Turnout   2,621
          Labour hold        Swing

          Labour hold        Swing            -1.4

Gorton North

Gorton North
Party     Candidate               Votes            %      ±%
          Liberal Democrats       Jackie Pearcey*  1,865  51.0  -0.4
          Labour                  Colin Brierley   1,626  44.5  +1.7
          Conservative            Paul Davies      123    3.4   -0.9
          Independent             A. Cooper        43     1.2   +1.2
Majority  239                     6.5              -2.1
Turnout   3,657
          Liberal Democrats hold  Swing            -1.0

Gorton South

Gorton South
Party     Candidate               Votes          %      ±%
          Liberal Democrats       James Ashley*  1,494  49.7  -4.1
          Labour                  B. Whitehead   1,393  46.3  +5.6
          Conservative            D. Davenport   91     3.0   -0.7
          Independent             C. Walsh       31     1.0   +1.0
Majority  101                     3.4            -9.7
Turnout   3,009
          Liberal Democrats hold  Swing          -4.8

Harpurhey

Harpurhey
Party     Candidate          Votes             %      ±%
          Labour             Nilofar Siddiqi*  1,237  69.4  +0.8
          Liberal Democrats  B. Kerrigan       341    19.1  -1.7
          Conservative       Vivienne Clarke   205    11.5  +1.0
Majority  896                50.3              +2.5
Turnout   1,783
          Labour hold        Swing             +1.2

Hulme


1995 Manchester City Council election

Hulme

Hulme
Party     Candidate          Votes              %      ±%
          Labour             Peter Dungey*      832    79.3  +8.6
          Conservative       Paul Kierman       62     5.9   -3.0
          Liberal Democrats  A. Rogers          58     5.5   -4.2
          Independent        A. Jones           39     3.7   +3.7
          Independent        Rachel Harper      36     3.4   +3.4
          Independent        Charles Lyn-Lloyd  22     2.1   +2.1
Majority  770                73.4               +13.4
Turnout   1,049
          Labour hold        Swing              +5.8

Levenshulme

Levenshulme
Party     Candidate               Votes             %      ±%
          Liberal Democrats       Maria Rowles*     2,050  57.9  -3.3
          Labour                  Christopher Lowe  1,236  34.9  +4.4
          Conservative            S. Peel           135    3.8   -0.7
          Independent             K. Harkavy        87     2.5   +2.5
          Natural Law             P. Mitchell       19     0.5   +0.5
          Independent             D. Delange        16     0.5   +0.5
Majority  814                     23.0              -7.7
Turnout   3,543
          Liberal Democrats hold  Swing             -3.8

Lightbowne

Lightbowne
Party     Candidate          Votes           %      ±%
          Labour             Cath Inchbold*  1,853  73.8  -1.4
          Conservative       Henry Coombes   344    13.7  +0.7
          Liberal Democrats  David Gordon    242    9.6   -2.2
          Green              A. Salter       73     2.9   +2.9
Majority  1,509              60.1            -2.1
Turnout   2,512
          Labour hold        Swing           -1.0

Longsight

Longsight
Party     Candidate          Votes               %      ±%
          Labour             Ken Strath*         1,922  57.5  -11.1
          Conservative       Muhammed Naqui      890    26.6  +13.6
          Green              Spencer Fitzgibbon  275    8.2   +3.9
          Liberal Democrats  M. Dunn             257    7.7   -5.3
Majority  1,032              30.9                -24.7
Turnout   3,344
          Labour hold        Swing               -12.3

Moss Side


1995 Manchester City Council election

Moss Side

Moss Side
Party     Candidate          Votes           %      ±%
          Labour             Claire Nangle*  1,701  76.2  -2.5
          Conservative       Mary Barnes     183    8.2   +1.3
          Green              C. Collis       152    6.8   +0.3
          Liberal Democrats  Lauriston Ford  117    5.2   -2.8
          Independent        M. Miller       80     3.6   +3.6
Majority  1,518              68.0            -2.7
Turnout   2,233
          Labour hold        Swing           -1.9

Moston

Moston
Party     Candidate          Votes           %      ±%
          Labour             Henry Cooper*   2,444  76.1  +5.8
          Conservative       Dorothy Keller  463    14.4  -2.0
          Liberal Democrats  Vera Towers     270    8.4   -4.9
          Independent        J. Bird         33     1.0   +1.0
Majority  1,981              61.7            +7.8
Turnout   3,210
          Labour hold        Swing           +3.9

Newton Heath

Newton Heath
Party     Candidate          Votes            %      ±%
          Labour             Damien O'Connor  1,867  83.0  +9.5
          Conservative       E. Fisher        212    9.4   -3.7
          Liberal Democrats  C. Turner        140    6.2   -7.2
          Independent        H. Routh         31     1.4   +1.4
Majority  1,655              73.6             +13.5
Turnout   2,250
          Labour hold        Swing            +6.6

Northenden

Northenden
Party     Candidate          Votes               %      ±%
          Labour             Mike Kane*          2,190  69.9  +2.7
          Conservative       K. McKenna          487    15.5  -4.1
          Liberal Democrats  Kenneth Lightowler  392    12.5  -0.8
          Independent        Lance Crookes       66     2.1   +2.1
Majority  1,703              54.3                +6.7
Turnout   3,135
          Labour hold        Swing               +3.4

Old Moat

Old Moat
Party     Candidate          Votes              %      ±%
          Labour             Arnold Spencer*    2,325  70.8  +14.0
          Liberal Democrats  Yasmen Zalzala     422    12.9  -7.8
          Conservative       Graham Betton      381    11.6  -0.6
          Green              Teresa Romagnuolo  154    4.7   +0.5
Majority  1,903              58.0               +21.9
Turnout   3,282
          Labour hold        Swing              +10.9


1995 Manchester City Council election

Rusholme

Rusholme
Party     Candidate                            Votes              %      ±%
          Labour                               Jawaid Chaudhry    1,270  42.5  +3.2
          Liberal Democrats                    Marc Ramsbottom    1,014  33.9  -1.8
          Independent Labour                   Margaret Manning*  371    12.4  +12.4
          Independent                          Micheal Robinson   248    8.3   +5.4
          Conservative                         R. Norris          86     2.9   -12.3
Majority  256                                  8.6                +5.0
Turnout   2,989
          Labour gain from Independent Labour  Swing              +2.5

Sharston

Sharston
Party     Candidate          Votes          %      ±%
          Labour             Joyce Keller*  1,593  79.3  +9.0
          Conservative       I. Hollins     201    10.0  -3.0
          Liberal Democrats  Cath Hall      179    8.9   -3.1
          Independent        R. Garside     36     1.8   +1.8
Majority  1,392              69.3           +12.0
Turnout   2,009
          Labour hold        Swing          +6.0

Whalley Range

Whalley Range
Party     Candidate          Votes             %      ±%
          Labour             Dorothy Rathbone  1,901  55.7  -6.5
          Conservative       John Kershaw      964    28.3  +9.1
          Liberal Democrats  John Leech        392    11.5  -5.5
          Green              Bruce Bingham     154    4.5   +4.5
Majority  937                27.5              -15.5
Turnout   3,411
          Labour hold        Swing             -7.8

Withington

Withington
Party     Candidate                           Votes             %      ±%
          Labour                              Andrew Simcock    1,816  44.4  +5.1
          Liberal Democrats                   David Sandiford*  1,760  43.1  -6.1
          Conservative                        J. Callaghan      350    8.6   +1.0
          Green                               Bernard Ekbery    162    4.0   +0.0
Majority  56                                  1.4               -8.4
Turnout   4,088
          Labour gain from Liberal Democrats  Swing             +5.6

Woodhouse Park

Woodhouse Park
Party     Candidate          Votes           %      ±%
          Labour             Brian O'Neil    1,644  81.5  +13.1
          Liberal Democrats  William Fisher  372    18.5  -4.3
Majority  1,272              63.1            +17.6
Turnout   2,016
          Labour hold        Swing           +8.7


1995 Manchester City Council election

By-elections between 1995 and 1996

Moston By-Election 27 July 1995
Party     Candidate          Votes               %      ±%
          Labour             Patrick Mullin      1,445  69.0  -7.1
          Liberal Democrats  Patrick Leech       381    18.2  +9.8
          Conservative       Gregory Skorsewski  267    12.7  -1.7
Majority  1,064              50.8                -10.9
Turnout   2,093
          Labour hold        Swing               -8.4


Gabbioneta-Binanuova

Gabbioneta-Binanuova (Cremunés: Gabiunéeda-Binanóva) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Cremona.

Gabbioneta-Binanuova borders the following municipalities: Grontardo, Ostiano, Pescarolo ed Uniti, Pessina Cremonese, Scandolara Ripa d'Oglio, Seniga.

The parish church, Santi Martino e Nicola is dedicated to the two saints. The church of Sant'Ambrogio was patronized by the Pallavicini family.

Demographic evolution


Doan

Doan is a surname commonly found in North America, Europe, and Vietnam.

American and European surname

In North America and Europe, the surname "Doan" is a variation of Done, Donn, Donne, Doane, and Doune, among others. Notable people from North America and Europe with the surname "Doan" include:

  * Catriona Le May Doan (born 1970), Canadian speed skater
  * Christine Doan (born 1949), former Michigan-born Australian equestrian, sustainability advocate and technology entrepreneur
  * Daniel Doan (1914–1993), American writer
  * Ebenezer Doan (1772–1866), Canadian architect
  * Jack Doan (born 1972), American wrestling referee
  * Jenny Doan, founder of the Missouri Star Quilting Company in Hamilton, Missouri
  * Joshua Gwillen Doan (1811–1839), Canadian farmer and tanner
  * Lurita Doan (born 1958), American politician and businesswoman
  * Shane Doan (born 1976), Canadian professional ice hockey player
  * Walt Doan (1887–1935), American baseball player
  * William Doan (1792–1847), American politician
  * Doan Outlaws, an outlaw gang active in Bucks County, Pennsylvania during the American Revolution

Vietnamese surname

Main article: Duan (surname)

In Vietnam, the surname "Doan" was historically associated with an elegant and powerful tribe/family/group. In Ancient Vietnam, Doan was reserved for prestigious members of society who were responsible for protecting the nation, such as royal guards and military generals. Today, the word "Doan" is added before the names of groups and organizations to imply great power and influence. Notable people from Vietnam with the surname "Doan" include:


Doan

* Đoàn Văn Khâm, a poet, honorary title, Ministry of Public Works, under Emperor Lý Nhân Tông (1072–1128)
  * Đoàn Thượng (1184–1228), a general under the Ly dynasty
  * Đoàn Nhữ Hài (1280–1335), a general, honorary title under three generations of the Tran dynasty
  * Đoàn Xuân Lôi, a valedictorian in National Examination (1384) hosted by King father Trần Nghệ Tông
  * Đoàn Công Uẩn, a great general under the Le dynasty
  * Đoàn Nhân Công, a second valedictorian in National Examination (1448) hosted by King Lê Nhân Tông
  * Đoàn Thị Điểm (1705–1748), the classical-Annamese female poet under the Le dynasty,
  * Đoàn Tử Quang (1818–1928), compelled by his mom to take and pass the National Examination at age 80 (1900) under the Nguyen dynasty
  * Đoàn Đình Niêu, Vietnamese poet
  * Đoàn Như Khuê, Vietnamese poet
  * Đoàn Giỏi, Vietnamese writer
  * Võ Phiến official name Đoàn Thế Nhơn, Vietnamese writer
  * Đoàn Nguyên Đức, businessman, chairman of Hoang Anh Gia Lai Group

Other

  * Doan, Alberta, locality in Red Deer County, Alberta, Canada
  * Ritsu Doan (born 1998), Japanese footballer
  * Doan, Down, a 593 m peak in the Mourne Mountains in County Down, Northern Ireland
  * Doan Brook, a river in Northeastern Ohio.
  * Doane
  * Doans, Indiana


Wujek, Lublin Voivodeship

For other places with the same name, see Wujek.

Wujek [ˈvujɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Urszulin, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.


Ayvalı, Sinanpaşa

Ayvalı is a village in the Sinanpaşa District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey.


Anatoly Filippovich Smirnov

Anatoly Filippovich Smirnov (Russian: Анато́лий Фили́ппович Смирно́в; 1909–1986) was a Soviet scientist working in the field of structural mechanics.

He graduated Moscow Institute of Railroad Engineers in 1935 and taught structural mechanics there since 1936, becoming a Doctor of Technical Sciences in 1945 and professor in 1947. In 1951, he became a member of the CPSU. In 1969, he became the director of the Central Research Institute of Building Structures.

This article includes content derived from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969–1978, which is partially in the public domain.


Edison Mission Energy

Edison Mission Energy (EME) was an independent power producer based in California, United States. It was owned by Edison International. On December 17, 2012, EME filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy with a proposal to transfer control of the company to holders of $3.7 billion in unsecured bonds.U.S. Bankruptcy Court. Under the reorganization plan, Edison Mission Energy would have remained a subsidiary of Edison International, but a new trust, under the control of the former bond-holders, would contain almost all of the former assets and liabilities of EME.

NRG Energy acquired all of the assets of Edison Mission Energy in 2014 for $2.64 billion with approval from the U.S. bankruptcy court, following agreement among EME, Edison International and certain EME creditors. At that time, EME's portfolio included 1,700 MW of wind power; 1,600 MW of gas-fired capacity; 4,300 MW of coal-fired capacity, and 400 MW of oil and waste coal-fired capacity.

  * Official website


Dirmstein

Village centre: Castle Square (Schlossplatz) with (from right) Sturmfedersches Schloss (Town Hall), Café Kempf and the St. Michael Apothecary's rear building

Dirmstein (Palatine German: Dermschdää) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. With its roughly 3,000 inhabitants, it is the third largest Ortsgemeinde in the Verbandsgemeinde of Leiningerland, whose seat is in Grünstadt, although that town is itself not in the Verbandsgemeinde. Dirmstein lies in the outermost northeast of the district and the northwest of the Rhine-Neckar urban agglomeration.

In the 8th century, Dirmstein had its first documentary mention, although this was undated. The first dated documentary mention came in 842. Although it never belonged to the Counts of Leiningen, it is today counted as part of the Leiningerland, the name used for those noblemen's old domain. The historical and well restored village centre has been raised to a monumental zone by the monument protection authority.Baroque simultaneous church St. Laurentius (Saint Lawrence's), to the municipality's heyday in the 18th century, towards the end of which Dirmstein apparently held town rights for two decades, although some sources are disputed.

Geography

Location

Dirmstein lies at an elevation of 108 m above sea level on the Upper Rhine Plain in the northeast Palatinate. Twelve kilometres to the east (as the crow flies) flows the Rhine, while 9 km to the west begins the Palatinate Forest and 2 km to the north runs the boundary with the neighbouring region, Rhenish Hesse.

Neighbouring municipalities


Dirmstein

Neighbouring municipalities

Clockwise from the north, these are Offstein and Worms-Heppenheim (both in Rhenish Hesse) to the north, Heuchelheim (Verbandsgemeinde of Heßheim) in the east and Gerolsheim, Laumersheim and Obersülzen (all in the Verbandsgemeinde of Leiningerland) in the south, southwest and west. Heppenheim lies 5 km away, Offstein 4 km and each of the others 2 km.

Towards the eastern end alongside the Rhine, the municipal area is quite even, rising to considerable hills in the west. These belong to the Palatinate wine region between the plain and the low mountain range, which here, until 1969, was known as Unterhaardt, but which now bears the name Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstraße.

Streams

Channelling of the Eckbach from north (left) to east (straight ahead)

Worn deep into the layers of loess: Floßbach

The municipal area is crossed from west to east by the river Eckbach, which flows into the municipality in the southwest, from Laumersheim. In the 1920s, it was redirected from the village centre to the southern outskirts. Until this time, there had been a flat, pondlike broadening of the brook's bed south of the church on the Affenstein (a street), next to the village thoroughfare in which carriages could be cleansed of sand and loam buildup. As a new riverbed (going straight ahead instead of left), the old channel left over from the old "Upper Village’s" mediaeval fortification dyke seemed an obvious choice. Between the "Upper" and "Lower Village", today's Eckbach meets its old course again coming from the right.

Renaturation of the Floßbach: evening out the steep banks


Dirmstein

The in itself unimposing river Floßbach, coming from Obersülzen and also known locally as the Landgraben, which flows round Dirmstein in the north and on the village's eastern outskirts empties into the Eckbach from the left, was in the latter half of the 20th century straightened. The loss of flooding areas thus wrought, together with the increased speed of flow, brought about problems in times of heavy rainfall for the Nördlich der Heuchelheimer Straße ("North of Heuchelheim Road") construction site opened in the 1980s. In 1994 came widespread flooding for the first time, in which basements were filled with water up to their upper edges. In 2006, various versions of a plan to create flooding areas were brought forth for discussion. In 2008, Grünstadt-Land Verbandsgemeinde council decided to renaturate the brook over a stretch of a good kilometre. As an ecologically worthy measure, it was subsidized by the state of Rhineland-Palatinate to a share of 90% of the cost within the framework of its Aktion Blau.Flurbereinigung had been transferred to the municipality's ownership, was removed so that the brook could broaden out to the sides in heavy rains. To reduce the speed of flow, meanders were built back in and, of particular importance, two almost right-angled bends were smoothed out. With the planting of typical local trees and shrubs, the renaturation was completed in early 2009.

Geology


Dirmstein

Geology

The most important event in the eastern Palatinate's geological development was the rifting and downfaulting relative to the surrounding low mountains of the Upper Rhine Plain, whose onset was some 65,000,000 years ago in the Lower Tertiary and which has lasted until today. Before the mountains spread an area that was over time scored by the Eckbach and Floßbach. During the ice ages, there were gradual solifluction on the slopes and also wind abrasion in great parts of Europe. These processes led to a transformation of the original surface relief in whose wake a floodplain with embanked or eroded terraces formed. In colder, drier phases of the Würm glaciation, loess beds came into being through the influence of the wind, whereby the loess gathered mostly at faults and alee of small hollows. Later erosion created steep banks in the loess areas, which today can reach 6 m in height and are valuable biotopes.

The uppermost layer of deposits stems almost exclusively from the recent past. In lower-lying areas, the two brooks have washed the sediments downstream, with higher areas taking on new shapes more through weathering. The soils are overwhelmingly sandy and show to some extent loam admixture, whose concentration varies. As elsewhere in the area, the odd deposit of quartz sand is found, which owing to its purity is subject to mining rights, thereby giving it priority over agriculture. On these grounds, the local winemakers must now and then yield even highly valuable vineyards to quartz sand stripmining by businesses from outside the municipality.

Climate

Precipitation curve for Dirmstein: blue

Given the prevailing southwest and west winds, Dirmstein's location alee of the Palatinate Forest means that the locality must make do with at most 500 mm of precipitation yearly. Moreover, in weather out of the northwest, the massif of the Donnersberg, lying 25 km away in the North Palatine Highland and rising to 689 m, often likewise hinders any abundance of precipitation. Dirmstein falls into the lowest fourth of the precipitation chart for all Germany. Only at 22% of the German Weather Service's weather stations are even lower figures recorded. The driest month is January. The most rainfall comes in May. In that month, precipitation is 2.2 times what it is in January. Precipitation varies markedly by month.


Dirmstein

Owing to the dearth of rain, the water table lies more than 10 m underground. On the one hand, this makes artificial irrigation necessary for cropraising, but on the other hand it makes for ideal conditions for winegrowing. The uppermost – dry – layers of earth warm up more quickly, promoting sugar formation in the grapes, and the vines must root deeper to reach enough moisture, which is advantageous to the absorption of minerals.

Since 1936, one kilometre south of Dirmstein, the Autobahn A 6 (Mannheim–Saarbrücken) has run, building work on which began as early as 1932. Since it was raised onto an embankment with an average height over the flanking lands of 5 m in the latter half of the 20th century, it has been a conspicuous barrier running across the Upper Rhine Plain to the Palatinate Forest, pierced only by a few underpasses. Just how much the roadway influences the local climate and whether, for example, it can lead to the formation of lakes of cold air has never been systematically investigated.

History

Milestones


Dirmstein

History

Milestones

Time                               Events                                                 Persons                                                  Objects
          from 5th or 6th century  Evidence of settlers                                   Franks                                                   Grave fields
                                                                                (Alamanni?)
                      8th century  Dirmstein's first documentary mention (undated)        Benedictines at Weißenburg Abbey (Alsace)                Codex Edelini
                  23 November 842  Dirmstein's first documentary mention (dated)          King and later Emperor Charles the Bald                  Copy of letters patent
               early 11th century  Dirmstein's first church: St. Petrus                   Bishop of Worms (Burchard?)
                             1141  First documentary mention of winegrowing in Dirmstein
                     13th century  Forerunner buildings of the later castle               Bishop of Worms, local nobles (among them Jacob Lerch?)
first quarter of the 17th century  Family Lerch's heyday                                  Caspar Lerch (1575–1642)                                 19-year exile
                             1689  Dirmstein in the Nine Years' War                       French troops                                            Destruction of whole village by fire
   first half of the 18th century  Building of Castle Koeth-Wanscheid                     Family Rießmann
                                   Building of Castle Quadt                               Family Quadt
                        from 1736  Expansion of Castle Sturmfeder                         Baron Marsilius Franz Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler         1738: Building of Michelstor (gate at the castle)
                        1742–1746  Building of Laurentiuskirche (church)                  Prince-Bishop Franz Georg von Schönborn-Buchheim         Design by Balthasar Neumann
                       about 1780  Rebuilding of Castle Sturmfeder                        Baron Carl Theodor Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler
                        1780–1801  Town rights
                       about 1790  Building of Kellergarten                               Baron Carl Theodor Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler            Landscaping architect Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell
                        1797–1815  Dirmstein French                                                                                Department of Mont-Tonnerre
                        1816–1945  Dirmstein Bavarian                                                                                "Rheinkreis", later "Rheinpfalz"
                       about 1830  Building of Schlosspark                                Gideon von Camuzi                                        Landscaping architect Johann Christian Metzger
                        1891–1939  Running of local narrow-gauge railway                                                                           Old railway station
                             1969  District reorganization                                                                                Bad Dürkheim district
                             2018  Verbandsgemeinde assignment                                                                                Verbandsgemeinde of Leiningerland

Chronicle

Celts, Romans and Germanic peoples


Dirmstein

Chronicle

Celts, Romans and Germanic peoples

When the Romans overran the region just before the beginning of the Christian Era, settled here were, besides Celts, also members of the Germanic tribe of the Vangiones. The Romans were removed late in their Empire's history, about 400, by another Germanic tribe, the Alamanni, who were thronging into the area, although they themselves were dislodged from their new homeland just under a century later by the likewise Germanic Franks. Thus far, though, there is no evidence of any settlement at what is now Dirmstein in those days.

Frankish times

Old customs house: seed of the "Upper Village"?

The area around the forks of the Eckbach and Floßbach is known to have been settled beginning in the Early Middle Ages. Three Frankish grave fields from the 6th century, on the village's northeast outskirts, have been found since 1954.archaeological investigation in the 1980s. The finds that were recovered were taken to the Historisches Museum der Pfalz ("Historical Museum of the Palatinate") in Speyer. Some of the experts who dealt with the artefacts are even of the opinion that the burial grounds, at least in part, were already being used in Alamannic times, putting their beginnings as far back as the 5th century.

In the 8th century, Dirmstein had already arisen as a Frankish settlement called Díramestein, which was named in the Codex Edelini ("Edelin’s Codex") – also known as the Weißenburg Codex – without any exact date. The seed from which grew the village was what is now called the Oberdorf ("Upper Village"). The greatest likelihood is that this stood in the southwest, where later the "castle" was built on the Eckbach. Less likely is that the village grew from what is now the northwest entrance to the village, where, near the old customs house the hills give way to the plain, and where once flowed a stream southwards towards the Eckbach. It is certain, however, that the Niederdorf ("Lower Village") soon thereafter arose a few hundred metres to the east in the area where the Floßbach empties into the Eckbach.


Dirmstein

The first time when the village was mentioned with a date was in the 9th century. Charlemagne’s grandson, King of the Franks Charles the Bald, and later also Emperor, who had just met with his half-brother Louis the German in nearby Worms, issued on 23 November 842 letters patent to the Archbishop of Vienne, Agilmar (tenure: 841–859), for landholdings in Aquitaine and Burgundy "in villa Theormsthein" or "Thiormsthein".

Emperor, bishop and local nobility

Spitalhof: Gateway arch with Caspar Lerch’s inscription

In the beginning, Dirmstein had Imperial immediacy, with the landlordship and jurisdiction therefore belonging directly to the King or Emperor. These rights were yielded on 4 April 1190 by Heinrich VI to the Bishop of Worms Konrad II of Sternberg. With documents from the years 1332 and 1384, the episcopal privileges were confirmed and in 1405 even partly expanded. A forerunner building to an episcopal palace – described simply as a "house" – was witnessed beginning in 1240; the actual palace, which also served the bishop as a summer seat, was only witnessed for the first time in 1414.

For administration the bishop availed himself of the members of the local nobility who already lived in Dirmstein or who went to live there. Dirmstein noble families were only mentioned in documents beginning in the 12th century. The best known was the family Lerch, who played an important rôle not only in the village but also – owing to their widespread holdings – throughout southwest Germany from the late 13th to the late 17th century when their family name died out. Their name is chiselled in stone at several historic buildings in Dirmstein, as it is on the gateway arch into the Spitalhof ("infirmary yard") and on the wall at today’s Fechtschule (literally "swordfighting school", but it is a remodelled castle) at the Kellergarten. After having married into the family in the mid-17th century, the family Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler came into the family Lerch’s inheritance.


Dirmstein

Further noble families in the Middle Ages were, among others, the families Nagel von Dirmstein, Von der Hauben and Affenstein. Beginning in the 15th century, the nobility’s representatives formed an area of joint rule, called a Ganerbschaft, whose assemblies were held in a forerunner building to the St. Michael Apotheke built in 1535.

Condominium

From 1419 to 1705, Dirmstein belonged to two lords together; these were the Prince-Bishop of Worms and the Elector Palatine. Why such a condominium came to be in 1411 and was fixed by a written accord on 4 March 1419 despite the episcopal rights having been expanded only in 1405 is something that sources do not answer. Bishop Johann II of Fleckenstein and Elector Ludwig III shared all rights at and in Dirmstein, each getting half. It must have been in this time that the Kurpfälzisches Schloss ("Electoral Palatinate Castle") was built, which might well have been envisaged rather more as an administrative building. Little more than a century later, though, it had fallen into such disrepair due to war that it seems likely that it never underwent any repairs. Today, nobody even knows where the building stood.

The condominium proved itself throughout the time it was in force; differences were always amicably settled. The most important success might have been the awarding of the two major local churches, Saint Peter’s Church (Peterskirche) and Saint Lawrence’s Chapel (Laurentiuskapelle) to the Catholics and the Protestants respectively. This happened after the Reformation when Electoral Palatinate decided in the latter half of the 16th century to adopt Calvinism. In 1705, the condominium ended with a deal in which Worms regained full rights at and in Dirmstein through a territorial exchange with Electoral Palatinate. Only in the Protestant inhabitants’ internal business was the power of decision reserved to the Elector.

Times of war

In the German Peasants' War, the village itself suffered little, although on 4 June 1525, rebelling peasants under Dirmstein vassal Erasmus von der Hauben’s leadership razed the Episcopal and the Electoral Palatinate Castles, Castle Affenstein and the Augustinian monastery and set them on fire. The Episcopal Castle and Castle Affenstein were made useful once again, whereas the other two building complexes lay in ruins and eventually disappeared altogether.


Dirmstein

Likewise little damage was wrought in the Thirty Years' War. Finding himself having to put up with repression was the avowed Catholic partisan Caspar Lerch (1575–1642), whose "castle" was plundered and who, together with his family, was forced into a 19-year exile. Caspar Lerch was a prominent representative of his family, first as Chamberlain of the Bishop of Speyer, then as Electorate of Mainz Amtmann in Tauberbischofsheim and finally as director of the Knightly Canton of the Upper Rhine (Ritterkanton Oberrhein). Furthermore he compiled many juristic works as well as a family chronicle.

In 1689, however, in the Age of Absolutism, Dirmstein was less lucky when French troops came and all but utterly burnt it down. From 1688 to 1697, the "Sun King", Louis XIV waged the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg, or War of the Palatine Succession) over his sister-in-law Liselotte’s inheritance – and somewhat paradoxically had Electoral Palatinate, the territory that he wanted as his own, reduced to rubble and ashes. In Dirmstein the blaze raged for three days, from 7 to 9 September. Only a few houses were left standing.

Baroque era

Chimera at the Michelstor

In the course of the Baroque era, a considerable community once more grew out of the two original centres, the "Upper" and "Lower Villages". One of this era’s most important persons was Baron Marsilius Franz Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler (1674–1744), Caspar Lerch’s second daughter’s grandson. Having earned hostility for his wasteful running of the estate and his debts, he became legendary for his years-long quarrel with the authorities. He had his alleged success immortalized in 1738 on Castle Sturmfeder’s gateway, the Michelstor – along with many inscriptions – in the form of a sculpture of a victorious struggle over the devil, which according to contemporaries bears the then mayor’s facial features. Above the gate’s side entrance, a stone chimera has also been placed. The last bearer of the family name died in 1901.


Dirmstein

Dirmstein has the interdenominational coöperation between the Catholic Prince-Bishop of Worms and the Protestant Elector, which happened despite an end being put to the condominium, to thank for its famous simultaneous church, St. Laurentius (Saint Lawrence’s). With this church building in the mid-18th century began a phase of prosperity for the village that lasted a good hundred years. From 1780 to 1801, only a century after the inferno of the Nine Years' War, Dirmstein, according to various sources, was even awarded town rights.

Upper Village 1746: contemporary map, south is at top

A social problem grew out of the short-lived running of a stoneware factory that existed from 1778 to 1788 in the middle of the Upper Village.Bishopric of Worms was having "Dirmstein Faïence" made from the white clay that came from the Bishopric’s own stripmine near today’s Hettenleidelheim in the northeast Palatinate Forest, a product whose now few preserved examples are sought-after in collectors’ circles. As early as 1779, a few months after production began, the then mayor, Johann Michael Graeff, schemed against the factory head and ceramics expert Johann Carl Vogelmann, casting false accusations his way, whereupon Vogelmann’s belongings were withheld as he, along with his wife and seven children, was hounded out of the village. Graeff took the banished former head’s job at the factory, but was such a dilettante when it came to running the business that in 1782, the Bishopric unseated him. Under Graeff’s successors, though, the business never did recover, leading to the 20- to 30-strong workforce’s impoverishment, culminating in strike-like events. Further reasons given for ending the project were the cumbersome carting of the raw materials over some 25 km and the distribution difficulties with the finished products in the face of the many customs duties.

Foreign rule


Dirmstein

Foreign rule

Towards the end of the 18th century, the turmoil of the French Revolution also held Electoral Palatinate in its grip. Its territory on the Rhine’s left bank was annexed de facto by the French state in 1797, and in 1801 the annexation became official. Among other things, this led to Dirmstein’s once again losing its town rights. Until the end of the Napoleonic era in 1815, the annexed territory was governed as part of the Department of Mont-Tonnerre (or Donnersberg in German).

After the Congress of Vienna, the Palatinate’s left-bank lands, and Dirmstein along with them, were assigned to the Kingdom of Bavaria, whose ruling dynasty, the House of Wittelsbach, had its roots in Electoral Palatinate. The Rheinkreis that thus came into being, which was later named Rheinpfalz (Rhenish Palatinate) to distinguish it from the likewise Bavarian Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz), remained Bavarian until the end of the Second World War.

The rest of the 19th century passed without great incident. Taking over from the nobles, whom the French had dispossessed were nouveau riche members of the upmarket citizenry, who expanded the castles and manor houses that had been auctioned off, enlarged park facilities and laid out new ones. The majority of the villagers, though, was very poor.

Emigration

The Palatinate, which had been characterized over the centuries by neediness and war, lost over time many of its people to other countries. In Dirmstein, emigration was in very small measure to places in Eastern and Southeastern Europe (Galicia, Banat, Bačka). Against that, however, a considerably greater number of the emigrants went to the United States to seek their fortune there.


Dirmstein

Before US independence, only single persons or families emigrated there, as in 1708, 1742 and 1752. In the 19th century, though, came a wave of emigration, which was recorded in a Dirmstein Auswanderungsregister ("Emigration Register") that was painstakingly kept for one hundred years and according to digital survey contains more than 600 records. According to this register, between 1806 and 1905 more than 1,200 Dirmsteiners left their homeland, especially younger families, often with many children. The last two entries refer to Dirmstein Jews, who in 1937 could still emigrate to Argentina.

World wars and National Socialism

Dirmstein came through the First World War unscathed, at least in terms of damage to the municipality itself. The cost in human terms, however, was 53 lives.

In 1933, at the beginning of the Third Reich, 15 Jewish citizens lived in the municipality, along with one "Jewish Mischling of the Second Degree"; eleven of them belonged to the extended family Hirsch. The family Liebmann managed to flee to Argentina with their nine-year-old daughter in 1937. Frieda Hirsch likewise emigrated there in 1938, but had to leave her ten-year-old son David behind. The nine Jews still remaining in Dirmstein in 1940 were deported under the so-called Bürckel-Wagner Action (they were both Gauleiters) to Camp Gurs. In 1941 in the South of France, David Hirsch and the distantly related Elisabeth Klara Hirsch and her daughter Ella managed to get away. The two women emigrated to the United States, where Ella’s elder brother had likely already gone in 1938. David Hirsch followed his mother to Argentina in 1947. In 2005 and 2009, he visited his schoolfriend Arthur Maurer in Dirmstein. The other six deportees died in concentration camps or disappeared there.

Among Dirmstein’s inhabitants, 89 soldiers fell and 41 were listed as missing in the Second World War. On 20 March 1945, American aircraft advancing on the Rhine attacked the village causing bomb damage and striking houses with autocannon fire. Their target was German soldiers fleeing by the village, many of whom were killed, whereas there were no casualties among the inhabitants.

In connection with the Second World War, there are two stories worth mentioning because they so thoroughly contrast with each other:


Dirmstein

The former prisoner of war Stanisław Świątek (born 1920) from the now Polish city of Szczecin (formerly the German city of Stettin), who from 1940 onwards had spent five years in Dirmstein, maintained a lifelong friendship with the village for more than half a century because of his good experiences, and he conveyed to young fellow countrymen and countrywomen, whom he brought along on visits, his outlook on international understanding. After his first visit, a feature article about it by Albert H. Keil appeared in the Bad Dürkheim district’s yearbook,

Against that heartwarming story, however, comes another about an RAF tail gunner named Sergeant Cyril William Sibley (born 1923), who was wounded in captivity after his Halifax bomber was shot down, and then murdered by Nazi Ortsgruppenleiter Adolf Wolfert. In 1946, he and his accomplice in Sibley’s death, Georg Hartleb, were sentenced by a British court-martial to death, a fate that they eventually met after a half year of fruitless appeals. They were both hanged in Hamelin on 11 October 1946.Stolperstein in Sergeant Sibley's memory in the municipality.


Dirmstein

Fate of Dirmstein's Jews 1937–1940
Stolperstein  Name                              Relations                              Birth              Deportation      Death resulting from deportation  Flight/Emigration                                                                  Home after flight/emigration
1             Salomon Hirsch                    Husband of Dina Hirsch                 13 October 1875    22 October 1940  August 1942
                                                                                in Birkenau        to Gurs          at Auschwitz
2             Dina Hirsch                       Wife of Salomon Hirsch                 14 April 1872      22 October 1940  27 October 1941
              née Strauss                                                              in Dirmstein       to Gurs          at Gurs
3             Sarah Strauss                     Sister of Dina Hirsch                  21 July 1874       22 October 1940  15 November 1940
                                                                                in Dirmstein       to Gurs          at Gurs
4             Irma Hirsch                       Daughter of Salomon and Dina Hirsch    24 August 1905     22 October 1940  August 1942
                                                                                in Dirmstein       to Gurs          at Auschwitz
              Frieda Hirsch                     Daughter of Salomon and Dina Hirsch    19 September 1907                                                     8 July 1938 emigrated to Argentina                                                 Buenos Aires,
                                                                                in Dirmstein                                                                                deceased
5             David Hirsch                      Son of Frieda Hirsch                   15 May 1928        22 October 1940                                    1941 fled to South of France and 1943 to Switzerland, 1947 emigrated to Argentina  Buenos Aires,
                                                                                in Mainz           to Gurs                                                                                deceased
6             Lilli Hirsch                      Daughter of Salomon and Dina Hirsch    16 May 1909        22 October 1940  August 1942
                                                                                in Dirmstein       to Gurs          at Auschwitz
7             Karoline Hirsch                   unknown                                15 August 1892     22 October 1940  28 August 1942
                                                                                in Dirmstein       to Gurs          at Auschwitz
8             Elisabeth Klara Hirsch née Lorch  Mother of Julius and Ella Hirsch       13 April 1866      22 October 1940                                    3 November 1941 fled to South of France, 1942 emigrated to USA                     Brooklyn, MA,
                                                                                in Laumersheim     to Gurs                                                                                died 1958
              Julius Hirsch                     Son of Elisabeth Klara Hirsch          15 August 1896                                                        1938 emigrated to USA                                                              Brooklyn, MA,
                                                                                in Dolgesheim                                                                                deceased
9             Ella Hirsch                       Daughter of Elisabeth Klara Hirsch     5 September 1899   22 October 1940                                    3 November 1941 fled to South of France, 1942 emigrated to USA                     Brooklyn, MA,
                                                                                in Dolgesheim      to Gurs                                                                                died 3 February 1975
              Adolf Liebmann                    Husband of Emilia Liebmann             25 September 1890                                                     1937 emigrated to Argentina                                                        Argentina,
                                                                                in Dirmstein                                                                                deceased
              Emilia Liebmann                   Wife of Adolf Liebmann                 27 June 1892                                                          1937 emigrated to Argentina                                                        Argentina,
                                                                                in Kirchheim                                                                                deceased
              Gertrud Liebmann                  Daughter of Adolf and Emilia Liebmann  25 June 1928                                                          1937 emigrated to Argentina                                                        Argentina
                                                                                in Ludwigshafen

Since the war

Municipal roadsign since district reform in 1969


Dirmstein

Municipal roadsign since district reform in 1969

After the Second World War, the municipality's history unfolded relatively uneventfully. The administrative reform in Rhineland-Palatinate led in 1969 to a reassignment from the abolished Frankenthal district to the new Bad Dürkheim district, and in 1972 came the municipality's grouping into the likewise newly formed Verbandsgemeinde of Leiningerland.

More dramatic, at least for some of the inhabitants, was the widespread flooding in 1994 in the Nördlich der Heuchelheimer Straße ("North of Heuchelheim Road") housing estate, which had been opened only ten years earlier. In 1996, the municipality celebrated the 250th anniversary of the consecration of Saint Lawrence's Church. On 1 December 1998, the filling station at the northeast entrance to the village was so heavily damaged by a truck that it had to be closed for a week and the building renovation was only finished early the following year.discount store in ruins.

The nine Stolpersteine for deported Jews

On 23 November 2005, the 1,163rd anniversary of Dirmstein's first documentary mention, the local chronicle appeared after more than 20 years’ preparation. Working together on this project were not only the publisher (Michael Martin, Landau), who in work lasting years had marshalled the unusually comprehensive municipal archive, but also a few other outside specialists from the Kulturverein St. Michael Dirmstein (cultural club) as well as many writers from the village.

In March 2009, the event "Dirmstein erinnert sich" ("Dirmstein remembers"), lasting several days, was held, at which the Cologne artist Gunter Demnig laid Stolpersteine for the victims of National Socialism. Nine bear the names of Jews who were deported to concentration camps, while one is dedicated to the murdered Englishman Cyril William Sibley. The central historical-literary evening was created by Dirmstein writers Jürgen Bich, Albert H. Keil, Walter Landin and Otfried K. Linde.

Municipality’s name


Dirmstein

Municipality’s name

Name's development
Date                 Form                                  Remarks
8th century          Díramestein                           first mention (undated)
842                  Theormsthein or Thiormsthein          Possible transcription for Díermstein
1044                 Díermundestein
1110 and 1120        Díeremestein
1141                 Díermestein
1190                 Dirmenstein
12th–15th centuries  Dirmestein, Dirmenstein, Dirminstein
1315                 Dirmstein                             First use of modern spelling
1529                 Durmstein                             Variant
1561                 Dirmbstein                            Variant
1582                 Diermsteun                            Variant

Considering especially the name's early forms, science today interprets the placename as "Diermuntstein", thus meaning something like "Diermunt’s Stone (House)".elided form of the name is already used, it is assumed that at this time, Dirmstein had already been for at least a few generations a named place, whose name was already subject to modification.

The placename developed through many variations, of which a few notable ones have been chosen for this article: In 842 came the first dated documentary mention of the village in a document signed by King of the Franks Charles the Bald "in villa Theormsthein" or "Thiormsthein". Since this document only exists as a 17th-century transcription, research assumes that, following what was customary then, an original "Díermstein" was transcribed. From 1110 comes a document from Provost Hartwig von St. Paul zu Worms, in which the village is listed under the name Díeremestein. With another document from Worms from 1190, Emperor Heinrich IV transferred the Vogtei over Dirmenstein to the Bishopric of Worms. In 1315, the name Dirmstein was first used in its modern spelling. In the 16th century, variant forms were being used in which the i was mutated into a u, a b was inserted, or the diphthong ei was written as eu.

Population

Religion

South portal of the Laurentiuskirche


Dirmstein

Religion

South portal of the Laurentiuskirche

Dirmstein's first parish church stood in the "Lower Village". It was built in Romanesque times, clearly before 1044 and presumably on a bishop's initiative, for it was consecrated to the patron saint of the Bishopric of Worms, Saint Peter. Given several consistent sources, historians estimate the church's capacity at only some hundred persons, implying low population figures. The "Upper Village" had at its disposal the Gothic Saint Lawrence's Chapel (Kapelle St. Laurentius), first mentioned in 1240, which was raised to a branch church. In the 14th century it was joined by Saint Anthony's Chapel (Kapelle St. Antonius) at the graveyard in the "Lower Village" and the Infirmary Yard Chapel of Mary Magdalene (Spitalhof-Kapelle St. Maria Magdalena) in the "Upper Village". These chapels, too, are an indication that the low population would have made a big church needless.

Saint Lawrence's Chapel was converted in the 16th century into a Reformed church. Burnt to ruins in the 1689 fire, it was replaced in 1742 to 1746 by today's Baroque simultaneous church, which stands on the same spot, and whose Catholic part was once again consecrated as Saint Lawrence's. Its capacity was enough for the whole village. Given this, and Saint Peter's Church's continuing slide into disrepair in the 18th century, the latter church was auctioned off in 1809 and torn down. Saint Anthony's Chapel was likewise relieved of its duties when the old graveyard was forsaken and a new one established about 1850. The Infirmary Yard Chapel has lasted until the present day, although it has been deconsecrated and several times remodelled.


Dirmstein

In 1367 in the north of the village centre, an Augustinian priory was founded, as was an Augustinian monastery in 1500, which was later run by the Jesuits. While the Augustinian monastery only lasted until it was burnt down in the Peasants' War in 1525, the Jesuit house lasted for 300 years. In the Late Middle Ages, the monks had the sulphur-bearing mineral spring that they used northwest of the village, the Chorbrünnel, set in stone. The Dirmstein priest's post, before it was taken over by regular priests, is believed to have been occupied by the Jesuit fathers, although only the records from the later years, from 1685 to 1705, are preserved. About 1800, the Jesuit community was dissolved as a result of the French Revolution and its attendant Secularization.

Religious affiliation

Synagogue, converted into a house

The simultaneous church was built in 1746 with the floor area allotted at a 2:1 ratio in the Catholics’ favour for in the mid-18th century, this corresponded with the village's denominational makeup of two-thirds Catholic and one-third Protestant or Reformed. Somewhat more than half a century later, though, only 56% of the villagers were Catholic and 40% Protestant. After 2000 Protestants were 45.46% of the population, Catholics 33.74% and those with other or no religious beliefs 20.79%.


Dirmstein

From the time of the first written evidence of a Jewish community (1464) until the early 20th century, the Jewish share of the population was usually a few dozen, peaking at 129 in 1855. Beginning no later than 1738, and thereafter with interruptions, the Jewish community maintained a "Judenschuhl", a folk word for synagogue.synagogue was consecrated on the corner of Mitteltor and Hildebrandstraße (near Saint Lawrence's and across the street, slantwise, from the Old Town Hall). Over the next few decades, the Jewish community shrank mainly owing to emigration. About 1913 it virtually ceased to exist. The now no longer used synagogue was falling ever further into disrepair. In 1932, the ramshackle building was sold and remodelled from the ground up, leaving only the rear façade in its original form. It is now used as a house, and no longer shows any sign of its former function. In Nazi times, all Jews still living in Dirmstein in 1940 fell victim to the Holocaust with the exception of the three who escaped from a concentration camp .

Population figures

Year  Inhabitants
1682  *445
1710  *516
1771  945
1802  1,252
1815  1,500
1835  2,049
1871  1,517
1905  1,467
1939  1,672
1950  1,924
1961  2,091
1970  2,252
1986  2,587
2004  3,100
2005  3,030

Only from 1771 does the municipal archive have a concrete basis on which to determine population figures;

The sharp growth in the late 18th century might be traceable to the prospects that the "town" – as it is said Dirmstein was from 1780 to 1801 – could offer its citizens. This growth carried on until the beginning of industrialization, which made itself felt in Dirmstein about the middle of the 19th century. Emigration and urbanization then led, however, to a drop in population continuing for 100 years, which was reversed only by new growth in the wake of the Second World War. This turned out to be rather a slow rise in population until the 1980s, when it intensified. The 3,000 mark was breached in 1996, and since then, the rate has remained fairly constant.

Age breakdown


Dirmstein

Age breakdown

Breakdown by age
Age groups  1–9   10–19  20–29  30–39  40–49  50–59  60–69  70–79  80–89  90–99  Total
2002        336   363    346    537    532    448    379    209    92     18     3,051
(%)         (11)  (12)   (11)   (18)   (17)   (15)   (12)   (7)    (3)    (0.6)  (100)
1710        205   70     62     83     61     21     13     1      –      –      516
(%)         (40)  (14)   (12)   (16)   (12)   (4)    (3)    (0.2)                (100)

The local age breakdown

Thus, the trend towards an aging population can also be seen in Dirmstein. Nevertheless, the figures did not match the 1995 countrywide average until eight years later. The 2002 figures show something else, too: More than 3.5% of the inhabitants are old or very old people, who mainly still live in a family situation, for there is no seniors’ home or nursing home in Dirmstein.

Politics

Coat of arms

The German blazon, in the 2007 approval documents from the Bad Dürkheim district administration,

Das Wappen der Gemeinde Dirmstein ist geteilt und oben von Schwarz und Blau gespalten, oben rechts ein rotbewehrter und -bezungter goldener Löwe, oben links liegt in mit goldenen Kreuzchen bestreutem Feld ein schräggelegter, mit dem Bart nach oben gekehrter silberner Schlüssel, unten ein rot-silbernes Wolkenfeh.

The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Per fess, in chief per pale sable a lion rampant Or armed and langued gules and azure semé of crosses of the second a key per bend argent, the wards to chief and dexter, and in base vair nebuly argent and gules.


Dirmstein

The Palatine Lion on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side and the key as a symbol of the bishop's office and Saint Peter’s attribute on the sinister (armsbearer’s left, viewer’s right) side together stand for the condominium under which Electoral Palatinate and the Bishopric of Worms, whose patron saint was Peter, jointly held the local lordship for three centuries. The "vair nebuly" fur in the base of the escutcheon is meant to look like three complete and two cut-off silver helmets on a red background such as those once worn by the local resident lower nobility. These were called Eisenhüte (singular: Eisenhut; "iron hats").

In regional literature, the red background between the "helmets" is mistaken for "rooftiles". Further irritation having to do with the shield's lower half comes from the Großes Wappenbuch der Pfalz ("Great Arms Book of the Palatinate"),tinctures transposed, thus disturbing the harmonious change from silver to red fields, standing the lower helmets upside down, and arranging two of them in such a way that their bottoms touch those in the upper row in a straight line. An expert opinion obtained at the municipality's request showed in 2007Großes Wappenbuch der Pfalz was erroneous and did not match the historical example, whereupon the district administration issued the above-cited decree.

Municipal council

Town Hall:
Sturmfedersches Schloss

Dirmstein belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Leiningerland. The mayor is Bernd Eberle (FWG), and the 20 seats on council are shared by three factions. The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results (with changes from 2004 results):

Municipal council election  Share  Percent  +/–    Seats  +/–
Eligible voters             2,391    100.0
Voters                      1,597     66.8   +2.7
Invalid ballots                28      1.8   –0.8
Valid ballots               1,569     98.2   +0.8     20

SPD                           364     23.2   –3.1      5   =
CDU                           637     40.6  –10.5      8   –3
FWG                           568     36.2  +13.5      7   +3

Mayors


Dirmstein

Mayors

This list of mayors since the Thirty Years' War is still incomplete; however, there are only a few gaps and lapses in clarity.

                                                     Mayors before 1900
                                                     Time                Mayor
Mayors since 1900                                          1894–(1900?)  Karl Witt
Time               Mayor                      Party           1884–1893  Dr. med. Heinrich Bennighof
       since 2009  Bernd Eberle               FWG          1874–(1884?)  Abraham Janson
        2004–2009  Jürgen Schwerdt            CDU             1868–1874  Gideon von Camuzi
        1994–2004  Werner Sauer               CDU            about 1863  Johann Roos
        1986–1994  Friedrich Raster           SPD            about 1848  Christian Janson
        1964–1986  Erich Otto                 FWG         about 1835/41  Roland Stocké I.
            –1964  Philipp Hartmüller                        about 1833  Hartmüller
                   David Fischer                          about 1823/25  Jacob Janson
       about 1950  Roland Bengel                              1801–1815  Joseph von Camuzi
             1945  Mattern                                 1793–(1801?)  Stephan Graeff
        1943–1945  Philipp Neuschäfer         NSDAP           1792–1793  Philipp Roos
        1941–1943  Karl Schlösser             NSDAP           1784–1792  Johann Michael Graeff
        1937–1941  Heinrich Körber            NSDAP               –1782  Johann Michael Graeff
        1933–1937  Johann (Hans) Karl Becker  NSDAP          about 1772  Christian Sartor
        1931–1933  Dr. Lauterbach (?)                             –1761  Johann Grothe
        1924–1931  Richard Römer                          about 1749/52  Georg Mappes
        1900–1924  Albert Römer                              about 1741  Boetty
                                                          about 1717/37  Andres Einsel(e)
                                                          about 1671/72  Daniel Deimel/Deimling
                                                             about 1652  Hans Conrad Winter

Culture and sightseeing

Monumental zone

The historic heart of the Upper Village represents in the monument protection authority's eyes quite a homogeneous monumental zone. It consists of Mitteltor, Affenstein, Laumersheimer Straße, Herrengasse, Kirchenstraße and Metzgergasse. At the Obertor ("Upper Gate"), and with the two park complexes, it reaches somewhat farther out. The village's appearance in this zone is mostly compact and is defined mainly by Late Baroque building from the decades that followed the great blaze in the Nine Years' War. It gives one the impression of a wealthy village characterized by the nobility's and the fashionable citizenry's buildings and that its structure even withstood the upheaval of the French Revolution.


Dirmstein

The three castlelike manor houses preserved almost unscathed by time also convey the tradition of this village that was jointly ruled in the Middle Ages by noble families. Right near each other and both singular are the English Gardens in the Upper Village's northwest and south. Asserting itself as at least the architectural peer of the noble buildings is the simultaneous church from 1746, which with its tower dating from the Middle Ages and built even taller in 1904 on the one hand forms a structural midpoint in the municipality, and on the other hand reflects the religious relations of this village that was ruled for three centuries as an Electoral Palatinate-Worms condominium. Together with the former infirmary chapel across the street to the west, the church forms a homogeneous building group.

Typical for the town and country buildings that convey wealth within the monumental zone are buildings with hipped roofs with timber-frame construction upon walled ground floors, which mainly characterize the inner village. With structural elements such as hewn-stone pilasters, the lordly buildings clearly served as a model for some of the houses; the flawless execution documents the local stonemasons’ craftsmanship. The homesteads with buildings on two or three sides on Affenstein and Hauptstraße and on the eastern section of Metzgergasse, on the other hand, tell of the less wealthy class of the population.

One conspicuous gap in the otherwise cheek-by-jowl buildings came about in the 1960s on the corner of Marktstraße and Metzgergasse on the north side of the Castle Square (Schlossplatz) when the building that once housed the Worms Episcopal faïence factory was torn down. It had begun life as the Reigerspergischer Hof in 1592, and in 1689 it had withstood the great fire that had burnt the rest of the village down. Until its demolition, it was the village's oldest building. Since the foreseen replacement, a block of flats, was never built, the plot became a featureless carpark, mostly covered in gravel.

Buildings

Outstanding buildings in the monumental zone

Laurentiuskirche

Dirmstein's oldest house

Café Kempf with Madonna figure

Bakehouse


Dirmstein

Café Kempf with Madonna figure

Bakehouse

Saint Lawrence's Church (Laurentiuskirche) was built as a simultaneous church during the Baroque era to master builder Balthasar Neumann’s plans, which were modified on site, beginning in 1742; it was consecrated in 1746. The Voit organ in the Catholic part of the church, built in 1900 and renovated in 1986, draws connoisseurs from far and wide. As well, the even older instrument in the Protestant part, which has at its disposal a work by Eberhard Friedrich Walcker, has a good reputation among experts. The Ältestes Haus – Dirmstein’s "Oldest House" – stands at the corner of Metzgergasse and Salzgasse. Chiselled into it is the year 1596. In 1689, it was one of only six or seven buildings that were left standing after the French burnt the village down. It is now the only one left of those that escaped that blaze. At the turn of the millennium, it was attractively restored.

The Sturmfedersches Schloss and the Koeth-Wanscheidsches Schloss were the Sturmfeder and Koeth-Wanscheid noble families’ castlelike manor houses, and have been restored.

Hardly any original trace is even left of the two monasteries, one Augustinian and the other Jesuit, that once stood side by side in the north of the village centre. On the site of the Augustinian monastery, the Quadtsches Schloss was later built, which nowadays incorrectly does business under the name Jesuitenhof ("Jesuit Estate"). Of the Jesuit monastery, which historians regard as the true Jesuitenhof, only an outbuilding is left of the original complex.

Across the street from the church in the Spitalhof, which used to be a hospice, and to which belongs the Gothic and now deconsecrated Kapelle St. Maria Magdalena, the municipal kindergarten is now housed.


Dirmstein

The House at Marktstraße 1 was built in the early 18th century as a stone and timber-frame building. For model renovation, the owners were recognized in 2006 with the first Balthasar-Neumann-Preis of the Kulturverein St. Michael Dirmstein.St.-Michael-Apotheke was likewise built in the early 18th century as a timber-frame building. The predecessor building in the Middle Ages contained a great hall in which the local nobles, who formed a condominium (or Ganerbschaft in German), held their meetings. The Altes Rathaus ("Old Town Hall") from 1714 is used as a "House of the Clubs", those being the ones who restored the building by doing unpaid work.

Marktstraße ("Market Street"), whose southernmost portion is laid out as "Germany’s smallest pedestrian zone", runs between the Sturmfedersches Schloss and the Hotel Café Kempf – known locally as das Kempf – which after growing out of a winemaker's house in 1926 has taken back its place after a thorough renovation as the village's biggest gastronomic business and is also now quite eye-catching. In the front guestroom is found a Madonna figure from the 18th century which is under monumental protection. Functioning as a small, but fine, addition to the Café Kempf is the former Backhaus ("Bakehouse") around the corner on the way into Herrengasse, which has now been converted into a wine parlour. Newest among the village's leading restaurants is the Roosmarin, which was set up in an old winemaker's house in 2006 in the Lower Village, and whose name comes from the herb rosemary (Rosmarin in German) and the owner-operator's family name.


Dirmstein

The Fechtschule ("Swordfighting School") stands south of the village centre at the edge of the Kellergarten. A predecessor building to this Classicist one, die Burg ("the Castle"), was from 1602 Caspar Lerch's house. For several decades, the Landesfechtschule des Südwestdeutschen Fechtverbandes ("State Swordfighting School of the Southwest German Swordfighting League") has been run there, leading to the building's current name. One peculiarity, also found on the grounds of the Kellergarten, is the Bathhouse of the Countess of Brühl, whose comital bathtub nowadays stands in the front garden as an oversize flowerpot.

Outstanding buildings outside the monumental zone

The Episcopal Palace (Bischöfliches Schloss), which had been the administrative and summer seat of the Prince-Bishop of Worms, near the village's eastern outskirts is the oldest, at least partly, preserved Schloss in Dirmstein. Of this – on the lands of what is now a farming estate – only a few original remnants can be found, however.

In the village for centuries were two mills that were run by water from the Eckbach. The Niedermühle ("Lower Mill") in the far east was converted in the 19th century into a farming estate in the Classicist style. The Spormühle in the village's southwest houses both an art gallery and a small country hotel.

Parks and graveyards

English gardens

The Schlosspark, laid out in the style of a landscaped English garden and renovated at the turn of the millennium, furnishes a venue for events, especially musical ones. It was planned beginning in 1824 by the landscape architect Johann Christian Metzger. In 2009 began restoration work on the grotto, which lies in the park and was built in 1840.Kellergarten, which is also undergoing renovations and is another of the once seven English gardens in the municipality, was Metzger's even more famous professional colleague Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell.

Graveyards

Friedhofskapelle


Dirmstein

Graveyards

Friedhofskapelle

The early mediaeval grave fields mentioned earlier lay some 300 m north and northwest of the forks of the Eckbach and Floßbach, and therefore not far from the area where later arose the Lower Village. However, they could not be regarded as cemeteries laid out in an organized fashion.

Until about 1850, the village kept its graveyard in the east, in the Lower Village right next to Saint Peter's Church (Peterskirche) and near the Episcopal Palace. Since then it has not been used. The best known grave there is the one in which the physician Johann von Hubertus is buried.

The New Cemetery (Neuer Friedhof) now in use lies somewhat elevated on the village's northern edge, the village itself having spread out towards it. Many gravestones of value to cultural history from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries were taken from the old cemetery and set up here. The chapel, in which a part of the original fresco has been restored, represents a Classicist building with a rectangular base from the mid-19th century and holds the burial vault of the noble Familie Camuzi, who endowed the chapel.

Natural monuments

Loess wall at Obersülzer Straße

The area between the south corner of the Kellergarten and the Eckbach includes the Dicker Baum ("Fat Tree"), a roughly 200-year-old sycamore. With a trunk girth of some 6 m and a height of more than 20 m, the mighty tree is said to be a natural monument.

In the area of the road leading out of the village to the northwest (Obersülzer Straße) is a steep, south-facing loess wall, which stands as a biotope for many kinds of warmth-loving insects, among them solitary wild bees and digger wasps. Also, bird species that breed in hollows, such as the common swift, are observed. It is possible that even the European roller has settled here, although it is native to Southern Europe.


Dirmstein

The Chorbrünnel-Rundweg (path) in the northwest of Dirmstein's municipal area links the Wörschberger Hohl, a holloway likewise marked by loess walls, with the Chorbrünnel. This little fountain is fed by a sulphur-bearing spring whose water was long used for healing purposes. In the Late Middle Ages, the fountain was set in stone by the resident Jesuit monks. In reference to this, the green signposts on the pathway show a yellowish-orange stone arcade together with the spring symbol.

The Eckbach Mill Path (Eckbachmühlen-Rad- und Wanderweg) leads out of Dirmstein up the Eckbach for more than 19 km to Altleiningen, linking eight picturesque wine villages and the Eckbachweiher (pond). It affords movement in the great outdoors and is also worth visiting for mill lovers for its 23 partly restored mills.

Regular events

Event venues

The many local clubs bring the municipality a well filled calendar of events. Above all, the Kulturverein St. Michael Dirmstein (cultural club) busies itself in many fields and invites the public to appearances by its historical dance troupe, to literary evenings and music at the Schlosspark. Bigger events are held at the Unterhaardter Festhalle (UHF), which stands south of Saint Lawrence's Church on the edge of the village centre and can seat several hundred visitors. It was structurally and technologically refurbished by unpaid helpers at the onset of the new millennium. For events with no more than 80 to 100 visitors, the Eux-Stocké-Ratssaal is available at the Sturmfedersches Schloss. Specially for organ music, Saint Lawrence's Church (Laurentiuskirche) offers itself up with its two historic instruments, the Walcker organ from 1869 and the Voit organ from 1900.

Concerts

In the Council Chamber (the Ratssaal mentioned above), where a Bechstein grand piano is also available, concerts are held. Among the venues for the German-French concert series "Printemps Rhénan – Rheinischer Frühling" (both of which mean "Rhenish Spring" in French and German respectively) is Saint Lawrence's Church.

Schlosspark