<reponame>wlj5240/rxjava-jdbc
package com.github.davidmoten.rx.jdbc;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.sql.Blob;
import java.sql.Clob;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Time;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.github.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.QuerySelect.Builder;
import com.github.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.SQLRuntimeException;

import rx.functions.Func1;

/**
 * Utility methods.
 */
public final class Util {

    /**
     * Private constructor to prevent instantiation.
     */
    private Util() {
        // prevent instantiation
    }

    /**
     * Logger.
     */
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Util.class);

    /**
     * Count the number of JDBC parameters in a sql statement.
     * 
     * @param query
     *            .sql()
     * @return
     */
    static int parametersCount(Query query) {
        if (query.names().isEmpty())
            return countQuestionMarkParameters(query.sql());
        else
            return query.names().size();
    }

    // Visible for testing
    static int countQuestionMarkParameters(String sql) {
        // was originally using regular expressions, but they didn't work well
        // for ignoring parameter-like strings inside quotes.
        int count = 0;
        int length = sql.length();
        boolean inSingleQuote = false;
        boolean inDoubleQuote = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            char c = sql.charAt(i);
            if (inSingleQuote) {
                if (c == '\'') {
                    inSingleQuote = false;
                }
            } else if (inDoubleQuote) {
                if (c == '"') {
                    inDoubleQuote = false;
                }
            } else {
                if (c == '\'') {
                    inSingleQuote = true;
                } else if (c == '"') {
                    inDoubleQuote = true;
                } else if (c == '?') {
                    count++;
                }
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    /**
     * Cancels then closes a {@link PreparedStatement} and logs exceptions
     * without throwing. Does nothing if ps is null.
     * 
     * @param ps
     */
    static void closeQuietly(PreparedStatement ps) {
        try {
            boolean isClosed;
            try {
                if (ps != null)
                    isClosed = ps.isClosed();
                else
                    isClosed = true;
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                log.debug(e.getMessage());
                isClosed = true;
            }
            if (ps != null && !isClosed) {
                try {
                    ps.cancel();
                    log.debug("cancelled {}", ps);
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    log.debug(e.getMessage());
                }
                ps.close();
                log.debug("closed {}", ps);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            log.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            log.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Closes a {@link Connection} and logs exceptions without throwing. Does
     * nothing if connection is null.
     * 
     * @param connection
     */
    static void closeQuietly(Connection connection) {
        try {
            if (connection != null && !connection.isClosed()) {
                connection.close();
                log.debug("closed {}", connection);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            log.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            log.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Closes a {@link Connection} only if the connection is in auto commit mode
     * and logs exceptions without throwing. Does nothing if connection is null.
     * 
     * @param connection
     */
    static boolean closeQuietlyIfAutoCommit(Connection connection) {
        try {
            if (connection != null && !connection.isClosed() && connection.getAutoCommit()) {
                closeQuietly(connection);
                return true;
            } else
                return false;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Commits a {@link Connection} and logs exceptions without throwing.
     * 
     * @param connection
     */
    static void commit(Connection connection) {
        if (connection != null)
            try {
                connection.commit();
                log.debug("committed");
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
            }
    }

    /**
     * Rolls back a {@link Connection} and logs exceptions without throwing.
     * 
     * @param connection
     */
    static void rollback(Connection connection) {
        if (connection != null)
            try {
                connection.rollback();
                log.debug("rolled back");
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
            }
    }

    /**
     * Closes a {@link ResultSet} and logs exceptions without throwing.
     * 
     * @param rs
     */
    static void closeQuietly(ResultSet rs) {
        try {
            if (rs != null && !rs.isClosed()) {
                rs.close();
                log.debug("closed {}", rs);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            log.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            log.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if and only if {@link Connection} is in auto commit mode.
     * 
     * @param con
     * @return
     */
    static boolean isAutoCommit(Connection con) {
        try {
            return con.getAutoCommit();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the empty list whenever called.
     */
    static Func1<Integer, List<Parameter>> TO_EMPTY_PARAMETER_LIST = new Func1<Integer, List<Parameter>>() {
        @Override
        public List<Parameter> call(Integer n) {
            return Collections.emptyList();
        };
    };

    /**
     * Returns a function that converts the ResultSet column values into
     * parameters to the constructor (with number of parameters equals the
     * number of columns) of type <code>cls</code> then returns an instance of
     * type <code>cls</code>. See {@link Builder#autoMap(Class)}.
     * 
     * @param cls
     * @return
     */
    static <T> ResultSetMapper<T> autoMap(final Class<T> cls) {
        return new ResultSetMapper<T>() {
            @Override
            public T call(ResultSet rs) {
                return autoMap(rs, cls);
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * Converts the ResultSet column values into parameters to the constructor
     * (with number of parameters equals the number of columns) of type
     * <code>T</code> then returns an instance of type <code>T</code>. See See
     * {@link Builder#autoMap(Class)}.
     * 
     * @param cls
     *            the class of the resultant instance
     * @return an automapped instance
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    static <T> T autoMap(ResultSet rs, Class<T> cls) {
        try {
            if (cls.isInterface()) {
                return autoMapInterface(rs, cls);
            } else {
                int n = rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount();
                for (Constructor<?> c : cls.getDeclaredConstructors()) {
                    if (n == c.getParameterTypes().length) {
                        return autoMap(rs, (Constructor<T>) c);
                    }
                }
                throw new RuntimeException(
                        "constructor with number of parameters=" + n + "  not found in " + cls);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    private static <T> T autoMapInterface(ResultSet rs, Class<T> cls) {
        return ProxyService.newInstance(rs, cls);
    }

    static interface Col {
        Class<?> returnType();
    }

    static class NamedCol implements Col {
        final String name;
        private final Class<?> returnType;

        public NamedCol(String name, Class<?> returnType) {
            this.name = name;
            this.returnType = returnType;
        }

        @Override
        public Class<?> returnType() {
            return returnType;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "NamedCol [name=" + name + ", returnType=" + returnType + "]";
        }

    }

    static class IndexedCol implements Col {
        final int index;
        private final Class<?> returnType;

        public IndexedCol(int index, Class<?> returnType) {
            this.index = index;
            this.returnType = returnType;
        }

        @Override
        public Class<?> returnType() {
            return returnType;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "IndexedCol [index=" + index + ", returnType=" + returnType + "]";
        }

    }

    private static class ProxyService<T> implements java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler {

        private final Map<String, Object> values = new HashMap<String, Object>();

        ProxyService(ResultSet rs, Class<T> cls) {
            // load information from cache about the result set
            if (Database.rsCache.get() == null || Database.rsCache.get().rs != rs)
                Database.rsCache.set(new ResultSetCache(rs));
            Map<String, Integer> colIndexes = Database.rsCache.get().colIndexes;

            // load information from cache about the class
            if (Database.autoMapCache.get() == null || Database.autoMapCache.get().cls != cls)
                Database.autoMapCache.set(new AutoMapCache(cls));
            Map<String, Col> methodCols = Database.autoMapCache.get().methodCols;

            // calculate values for all the interface methods and put them in a
            // map
            for (Method m : cls.getMethods()) {
                String methodName = m.getName();
                Col column = methodCols.get(methodName);
                Integer index;
                if (column instanceof NamedCol) {
                    String name = ((NamedCol) column).name;
                    index = colIndexes.get(name.toUpperCase());
                    if (index == null) {
                        throw new SQLRuntimeException(
                                "query column names do not include '" + name + "'");
                    }
                } else {
                    IndexedCol col = ((IndexedCol) column);
                    index = col.index;
                }
                Object value = autoMap(getObject(rs, column.returnType(), index),
                        column.returnType());
                values.put(methodName, value);
            }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public static <T> T newInstance(ResultSet rs, Class<T> cls) {

            return (T) java.lang.reflect.Proxy.newProxyInstance(cls.getClassLoader(),
                    new Class[] { cls }, new ProxyService<T>(rs, cls));
        }

        @Override
        public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method m, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
            return values.get(m.getName());
        }
    }

    static String camelCaseToUnderscore(String camelCased) {
        // guava has best solution for this with CaseFormat class
        // but don't want to add dependency just for this method
        final String regex = "([a-z])([A-Z]+)";
        final String replacement = "$1_$2";
        return camelCased.replaceAll(regex, replacement);
    }

    static String first(String[] value) {
        if (value == null || value.length == 0)
            return null;
        else
            return value[0];
    }

    /**
     * Converts the ResultSet column values into parameters to the given
     * constructor (with number of parameters equals the number of columns) of
     * type <code>T</code> then returns an instance of type <code>T</code>. See
     * See {@link Builder#autoMap(Class)}.
     * 
     * @param rs
     *            the result set row
     * @param c
     *            constructor to use for instantiation
     * @return automapped instance
     */
    private static <T> T autoMap(ResultSet rs, Constructor<T> c) {
        Class<?>[] types = c.getParameterTypes();
        List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
        for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
            list.add(autoMap(getObject(rs, types[i], i + 1), types[i]));
        }
        try {
            return newInstance(c, list);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "problem with parameters=" + getTypeInfo(list) + ", rs types=" + getRowInfo(rs)
                            + ". Be sure not to use primitives in a constructor when calling autoMap().",
                    e);
        }
    }

    static <T> void setSqlFromQueryAnnotation(Class<T> cls, QueryBuilder builder) {
        if (builder.sql() == null) {
            com.github.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Query query = cls
                    .getAnnotation(com.github.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Query.class);
            if (query != null && query.value() != null) {
                String sql = query.value();
                builder.setSql(sql);
            } else
                throw new RuntimeException("Class " + cls
                        + " must be annotated with @Query(sql) or sql must be specified to the builder.select() call");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns debugging info about the types of a list of objects.
     * 
     * @param list
     * @return
     */
    private static String getTypeInfo(List<Object> list) {

        StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
        for (Object o : list) {
            if (s.length() > 0)
                s.append(", ");
            if (o == null)
                s.append("null");
            else {
                s.append(o.getClass().getName());
                s.append("=");
                s.append(o);
            }
        }
        return s.toString();
    }

    private static String getRowInfo(ResultSet rs) {
        StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            ResultSetMetaData md = rs.getMetaData();
            for (int i = 1; i <= md.getColumnCount(); i++) {
                String name = md.getColumnName(i);
                String type = md.getColumnClassName(i);
                if (s.length() > 0)
                    s.append(", ");
                s.append(name);
                s.append("=");
                s.append(type);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e1) {
            throw new SQLRuntimeException(e1);
        }
        return s.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 
     * @param c
     *            constructor to use
     * @param parameters
     *            constructor parameters
     * @return
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private static <T> T newInstance(Constructor<?> c, List<Object> parameters) {
        try {
            return (T) c.newInstance(parameters.toArray());
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts from java.sql Types to common java types like java.util.Date and
     * numeric types. See {@link Builder#autoMap(Class)}.
     * 
     * @param o
     * @param cls
     * @return
     */
    public static Object autoMap(Object o, Class<?> cls) {
        if (o == null)
            return o;
        else if (cls.isAssignableFrom(o.getClass())) {
            return o;
        } else {
            if (o instanceof java.sql.Date) {
                java.sql.Date d = (java.sql.Date) o;
                if (cls.isAssignableFrom(Long.class))
                    return d.getTime();
                else if (cls.isAssignableFrom(BigInteger.class))
                    return BigInteger.valueOf(d.getTime());
                else
                    return o;
            } else if (o instanceof java.sql.Timestamp) {
                Timestamp t = (java.sql.Timestamp) o;
                if (cls.isAssignableFrom(Long.class))
                    return t.getTime();
                else if (cls.isAssignableFrom(BigInteger.class))
                    return BigInteger.valueOf(t.getTime());
                else
                    return o;
            } else if (o instanceof java.sql.Time) {
                Time t = (java.sql.Time) o;
                if (cls.isAssignableFrom(Long.class))
                    return t.getTime();
                else if (cls.isAssignableFrom(BigInteger.class))
                    return BigInteger.valueOf(t.getTime());
                else
                    return o;
            } else if (o instanceof Blob && cls.isAssignableFrom(byte[].class)) {
                return toBytes((Blob) o);
            } else if (o instanceof Clob && cls.isAssignableFrom(String.class)) {
                return toString((Clob) o);
            } else if (o instanceof BigInteger && cls.isAssignableFrom(Long.class)) {
                return ((BigInteger) o).longValue();
            } else if (o instanceof BigInteger && cls.isAssignableFrom(Integer.class)) {
                return ((BigInteger) o).intValue();
            } else if (o instanceof BigInteger && cls.isAssignableFrom(Double.class)) {
                return ((BigInteger) o).doubleValue();
            } else if (o instanceof BigInteger && cls.isAssignableFrom(Float.class)) {
                return ((BigInteger) o).floatValue();
            } else if (o instanceof BigInteger && cls.isAssignableFrom(Short.class)) {
                return ((BigInteger) o).shortValue();
            } else if (o instanceof BigInteger && cls.isAssignableFrom(BigDecimal.class)) {
                return new BigDecimal((BigInteger) o);
            } else if (o instanceof BigDecimal && cls.isAssignableFrom(Double.class)) {
                return ((BigDecimal) o).doubleValue();
            } else if (o instanceof BigDecimal && cls.isAssignableFrom(Integer.class)) {
                return ((BigDecimal) o).toBigInteger().intValue();
            } else if (o instanceof BigDecimal && cls.isAssignableFrom(Float.class)) {
                return ((BigDecimal) o).floatValue();
            } else if (o instanceof BigDecimal && cls.isAssignableFrom(Short.class)) {
                return ((BigDecimal) o).toBigInteger().shortValue();
            } else if (o instanceof BigDecimal && cls.isAssignableFrom(Long.class)) {
                return ((BigDecimal) o).toBigInteger().longValue();
            } else if (o instanceof BigDecimal && cls.isAssignableFrom(BigInteger.class)) {
                return ((BigDecimal) o).toBigInteger();
            } else if ((o instanceof Short || o instanceof Integer || o instanceof Long)
                    && cls.isAssignableFrom(BigInteger.class)) {
                return new BigInteger(o.toString());
            } else if (o instanceof Number && cls.isAssignableFrom(BigDecimal.class)) {
                return new BigDecimal(o.toString());
            } else if (o instanceof Number && cls.isAssignableFrom(Short.class))
                return ((Number) o).shortValue();
            else if (o instanceof Number && cls.isAssignableFrom(Integer.class))
                return ((Number) o).intValue();
            else if (o instanceof Number && cls.isAssignableFrom(Integer.class))
                return ((Number) o).intValue();
            else if (o instanceof Number && cls.isAssignableFrom(Long.class))
                return ((Number) o).longValue();
            else if (o instanceof Number && cls.isAssignableFrom(Float.class))
                return ((Number) o).floatValue();
            else if (o instanceof Number && cls.isAssignableFrom(Double.class))
                return ((Number) o).doubleValue();
            else
                return o;
        }
    }

    public static <T> Object mapObject(final ResultSet rs, Class<T> cls, int i) {
        return autoMap(getObject(rs, cls, i), cls);
    }

    private static <T> Object getObject(final ResultSet rs, Class<T> cls, int i) {
        try {
            if (rs.getObject(i) == null) {
                return null;
            }
            final int type = rs.getMetaData().getColumnType(i);
            // TODO java.util.Calendar support
            // TODO XMLGregorian Calendar support
            if (type == Types.DATE)
                return rs.getDate(i, Calendar.getInstance());
            else if (type == Types.TIME)
                return rs.getTime(i, Calendar.getInstance());
            else if (type == Types.TIMESTAMP)
                return rs.getTimestamp(i, Calendar.getInstance());
            else if (type == Types.CLOB && cls.equals(String.class)) {
                return toString(rs.getClob(i));
            } else if (type == Types.CLOB && Reader.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                Clob c = rs.getClob(i);
                Reader r = c.getCharacterStream();
                return createFreeOnCloseReader(c, r);
            } else if (type == Types.BLOB && cls.equals(byte[].class)) {
                return toBytes(rs.getBlob(i));
            } else if (type == Types.BLOB && InputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                final Blob b = rs.getBlob(i);
                final InputStream is = rs.getBlob(i).getBinaryStream();
                return createFreeOnCloseInputStream(b, is);
            } else
                return rs.getObject(i);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the bytes of a {@link Blob} and frees the blob resource.
     * 
     * @param b
     *            blob
     * @return
     */
    private static byte[] toBytes(Blob b) {
        try {
            InputStream is = b.getBinaryStream();
            byte[] result = IOUtils.toByteArray(is);
            is.close();
            b.free();
            return result;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

    /**
     * Returns the String of a {@link Clob} and frees the clob resource.
     * 
     * @param c
     * @return
     */
    private static String toString(Clob c) {
        try {
            Reader reader = c.getCharacterStream();
            String result = IOUtils.toString(reader);
            reader.close();
            c.free();
            return result;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Automatically frees the blob (<code>blob.free()</code>) once the blob
     * {@link InputStream} is closed.
     * 
     * @param blob
     * @param is
     * @return
     */
    private static InputStream createFreeOnCloseInputStream(final Blob blob, final InputStream is) {
        return new InputStream() {

            @Override
            public int read() throws IOException {
                return is.read();
            }

            @Override
            public void close() throws IOException {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        blob.free();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        log.debug(e.getMessage());
                    }
                }
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * Automatically frees the clob (<code>Clob.free()</code>) once the clob
     * Reader is closed.
     * 
     * @param clob
     * @param reader
     * @return
     */
    private static Reader createFreeOnCloseReader(final Clob clob, final Reader reader) {
        return new Reader() {

            @Override
            public void close() throws IOException {
                try {
                    reader.close();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        clob.free();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        log.debug(e.getMessage());
                    }
                }
            }

            @Override
            public int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
                return reader.read(cbuf, off, len);
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * Sets parameters for the {@link PreparedStatement}.
     * 
     * @param ps
     * @param params
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    static void setParameters(PreparedStatement ps, List<Parameter> params, boolean namesAllowed)
            throws SQLException {
        for (int i = 1; i <= params.size(); i++) {
            if (params.get(i - 1).hasName() && !namesAllowed)
                throw new SQLException("named parameter found but sql does not contain names");
            Object o = params.get(i - 1).value();
            try {
                if (o == null)
                    ps.setObject(i, null);
                else if (o == Database.NULL_CLOB)
                    ps.setNull(i, Types.CLOB);
                else if (o == Database.NULL_BLOB)
                    ps.setNull(i, Types.BLOB);
                else {
                    Class<?> cls = o.getClass();
                    if (Clob.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                        setClob(ps, i, o, cls);
                    } else if (Blob.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                        setBlob(ps, i, o, cls);
                    } else if (Calendar.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                        Calendar cal = (Calendar) o;
                        Timestamp t = new java.sql.Timestamp(cal.getTimeInMillis());
                        ps.setTimestamp(i, t, cal);
                    } else if (Time.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
                        ps.setTime(i, (Time) o, cal);
                    } else if (Timestamp.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
                        ps.setTimestamp(i, (Timestamp) o, cal);
                    } else if (java.sql.Date.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
                        ps.setDate(i, (java.sql.Date) o, cal);
                    } else if (java.util.Date.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
                        java.util.Date date = (java.util.Date) o;
                        ps.setTimestamp(i, new java.sql.Timestamp(date.getTime()), cal);
                    } else
                        ps.setObject(i, o);
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                log.debug("{} when setting ps.setObject({},{})", e.getMessage(), i, o);
                throw e;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets a blob parameter for the prepared statement.
     * 
     * @param ps
     * @param i
     * @param o
     * @param cls
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    private static void setBlob(PreparedStatement ps, int i, Object o, Class<?> cls)
            throws SQLException {
        final InputStream is;
        if (o instanceof byte[]) {
            is = new ByteArrayInputStream((byte[]) o);
        } else if (o instanceof InputStream)
            is = (InputStream) o;
        else
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "cannot insert parameter of type " + cls + " into blob column " + i);
        Blob c = ps.getConnection().createBlob();
        OutputStream os = c.setBinaryStream(1);
        copy(is, os);
        ps.setBlob(i, c);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the clob parameter for the prepared statement.
     * 
     * @param ps
     * @param i
     * @param o
     * @param cls
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    private static void setClob(PreparedStatement ps, int i, Object o, Class<?> cls)
            throws SQLException {
        final Reader r;
        if (o instanceof String)
            r = new StringReader((String) o);
        else if (o instanceof Reader)
            r = (Reader) o;
        else
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "cannot insert parameter of type " + cls + " into clob column " + i);
        Clob c = ps.getConnection().createClob();
        Writer w = c.setCharacterStream(1);
        copy(r, w);
        ps.setClob(i, c);
    }

    /**
     * Copies a {@link Reader} to a {@link Writer}.
     * 
     * @param input
     * @param output
     * @return
     */
    private static int copy(Reader input, Writer output) {
        try {
            return IOUtils.copy(input, output);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Copies an {@link InputStream} to an {@link OutputStream}.
     * 
     * @param input
     * @param output
     * @return
     */
    private static int copy(InputStream input, OutputStream output) {
        try {
            return IOUtils.copy(input, output);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a function that reads a {@link Reader} into a String.
     */
    public static final Func1<Reader, String> READER_TO_STRING = new Func1<Reader, String>() {
        @Override
        public String call(Reader r) {
            try {
                return IOUtils.toString(r);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    };

    // Lazy singleton
    private static final class ResultSetMapperToOne {
        static final ResultSetMapper<Integer> INSTANCE = new ResultSetMapper<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer call(ResultSet rs) {
                return 1;
            }
        };
    }

    static ResultSetMapper<Integer> toOne() {
        return ResultSetMapperToOne.INSTANCE;
    }

    public static void setNamedParameters(PreparedStatement ps, List<Parameter> parameters,
            List<String> names) throws SQLException {
        Map<String, Parameter> map = new HashMap<String, Parameter>();
        for (Parameter p : parameters) {
            if (p.hasName()) {
                map.put(p.name(), p);
            } else {
                throw new SQLException(
                        "named parameters were expected but this parameter did not have a name: "
                                + p);
            }
        }
        List<Parameter> list = new ArrayList<Parameter>();
        for (String name : names) {
            if (!map.containsKey(name))
                throw new SQLException("named parameter is missing for '" + name + "'");
            Parameter p = map.get(name);
            list.add(p);
        }
        Util.setParameters(ps, list, true);
    }

    static void setParameters(PreparedStatement ps, List<Parameter> parameters, List<String> names)
            throws SQLException {
        if (names.isEmpty()) {
            Util.setParameters(ps, parameters, false);
        } else {
            Util.setNamedParameters(ps, parameters, names);
        }
    }
}
