The Indus Valley Civilization was a bronze age society extending from modern northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan to northwest India.The Indus valley civilization existed through its early years 3300-1300 BCE, and its mature period of 2600-1900 BCE. The civilization developed in three phases:Early Harappan Phase(3600BCE-2600BCE), Mature Harappan phase(2600BCE-1900BCE),and Late Harappan phase(1900BCE-1300BCE).At its peak, the Indus Valley Civilization may had a population of over five Million people.It is considered a Bronze Age Society, and inhabitants of the ancient Indus River Valley developed new techniques in metallurgy, the science of working with copper, bronze, lead and tin.They also performed intricate handicraft, especially using products made of the semi-precious gemstone carnelian, as well as seal carving, the cutting of patterns into the bottom face of the seal used for stamping. The Indus Valley Civilization was much ahead of its time in everything , their some of the technologies were even same which we use today. There are some interesting facts about Indus Valley Civilization which will make you thrilled and surprised at the same time.
1.THEY WERE AHEAD OF THEIR TIMES: The cities of Indus Valley Civilization were build very technically, especially Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. They were concerned about their health and that’s why they developed world’s first Sanitary system.Their sewage and drainage system back in the days were even way ahead of some of the contemporary urban cities in the middle east and way more efficient than the drainage system of most of the South Asia, including India and Pakistan.
2.THEY WERE THE FIRST TO INVENT BUTTONS AND STEP-WELL: They used buttons for ornaments, and they made it out of seashells. Some of the buttons were even carved into different geographical shapes, with a hole pierced in between so that they could attach a thread to it. There are pieces of evidence of step-well too, if we look at some sites in Mohanjo-Daro
3.THEY DEVELOPED PRECISE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE: The archaeologist who were studying the remains of of two men in Mehrgarh , Pakistan found that the people from the early Harappan period might have had the knowledge of Proto-Dentistry. The archaeologists found 11 drilled molar crowns of nine different adults, the remains of which is dated to be between 7500-9000 years old.
4.ONE OF THE MOST FLOURISHED CIVILIZATION: There was a population of around 5 Million people, and they were considered to be peace-loving people. The archaeologists never found any settlement with signs of warfare, murder or use of weaponry among more than 1050 sites they investigated.
5.THE GREAT BATH: Unlike other cultures where the biggest structures were monuments or temples, Indus Valley Civilization had a public bath in Mohanjo-Daro which was the largest structure and was named “The Great Bath”.It was 11m and 7m in an area with a depth of 2.5m. There were two wide staircases that served as an entrance to the pool.
All these facts were quite quite intersting and cool, but the main topic on which the archaeologists are still doing the research is that how did the Indus Valley Civilization collapsed? The cause of decline is still a mystery. Some theories states that their lack of military strategies worked against them and Aryans from Indo-European tribe from Central Asia invaded them. Some suggests that it could have been caused by a large scale drought, and perhaps a decline thereafter with Egypt and Mesopotamia. Another theory states that there could have been a massive earthquake that changed the course of a river and thus changing their course of living and forcing them to migrate else where.