February 28, 2007
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FROM VOLUME 6, NUMBER 11, NOVEMBER 1993
CLIMATE SYSTEM MECHANISMS
'Greenhouse Cooling of the Upper Atmosphere,' "
Eos, 483-484, Oct. 19, 1993.
"An Arctic Source
for the Great Salinity Anomaly: A Simulation of the Arctic Ice-Ocean System for
1955-1975," S. Häkkinen (Lab. Hydrospheric Sci., NASA-Goddard,
Greenbelt MD 20771), J. Geophys. Res.,
98(C9), 16,397-16,410, Sep. 15, 1993.
A fully prognostic ice-ocean model is used to study the interannual
variability of the sea ice during the period. Results show the origin of the
1968 salinity anomaly to be in the Arctic, and support the view that the Arctic
may play an active role in climate change.
Two related items in Nature,
364(6439), Aug. 19, 1993:
"A Stirring Tale of Mixing," C. Garrett (Dept. Phys., Univ.
Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3P6, Can.), 670-671. Discusses the important
implications of the following paper.
"Evidence for Slow Mixing Across the Pycnocline from an Open-Ocean
Tracer-Release Experiment," J.R. Ledwell (Appl. Ocean Eng., Woods Hole
Oceanog. Inst., Woods Hole MA 02543), A.J. Watson, 701-703. Measurements over a
five-month period confirm accurately for the first time the low rate of mixing
across equal density surfaces. This finding has important implications for the
vertical transport of nutrients, heat, and tracer substances.
Systems and Warm-Pool Sea Surface Temperatures: Coupled Interactions and Self
Regulation," D.E. Waliser (Dept. Atmos. Sci., Univ. California, Los Angeles
CA 90024), N.E. Graham, J. Geophys. Res.,
98(D7), 12,881-12,893, July 20, 1993.
Several findings on the relationship between organized deep convection in
the tropics and SST's, combined with simplified model analyses, emphasize the
importance of the cooling mechanisms associated with deep convection in
determining the observed upper limits on sea temperatures.
"Variations in Snow
on Sea Ice: A Mechanism for Producing Climate Variations," T.S. Ledley
(Dept. Space Phys., Rice Univ., POB 1892, Houston TX 77251), ibid., 98(D6),
10,401-10,410, June 20, 1993.
Studies the impact of various snowfall rates on sea ice thickness and
subsequent impacts on climate, using a coupled climate sea ice model. The
general effect of a thin layer of snow is to thin sea ice; snow also cools the
Correspondence on the
cirrus thermostat mechanism proposed by Ramanathan and Collins, Nature,
361(6411), 410-412, Feb. 4, 1993.
Between Arctic Sea Ice Extents and Northern Hemisphere Mid-Latitude Column Ozone
Levels," J.R. Marko (Arctic Sci. Ltd.), D.B. Fissel, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 20(1), 37-40, Jan. 8, 1993. The observed correlations are
discussed in terms of underlying mechanisms and recently decreasing hemispheric
Two related items from
Nature, 360(6399), Nov. 5, 1992:
"Global Warming, Ocean Cooling," A. Clarke (Bedford Inst.
Oceanog., POB 1006, Dartmouth NS B2Y 4A2, Can.), 17-18. Discusses implications
of the following paper for understanding the role of the North Atlantic in
"Cooling and Freshening of the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean since the
1960s," J.F. Read (Inst. Oceanog. Sci., Deacon Lab., Brook Rd., Wormley,
Surrey GU8 5UB, UK), W.J. Gould, 55-57. The cooling and freshening observed in
1991 appears to be caused by renewed formation of intermediate water in the
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