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07.02 Peace or Power: Assignment
Transcript of 07.02 Peace or Power: Assignment
By: Sierra Pettis
Summary: On December 1, 1955, When Rosa parks took a Montgomery public bus to get home from work, and had refused to give up her seat to a white man, thus leading to her arrest and fine for violating city law. The Bus Boycott began. The NAACP decided it was time to fight against the charges Rosa parks because it was unjust and unconstitutional. They organized a community-wide boycott of the city's buses. Over 40,00 african americans.
This event was violent. White citizens responded with violence and lawsuits. MLK urged the boycott to continue until the city changed its policy, still encouraging nonviolence even after his own home was bombed.
The boycott had a significant impact. The city's leaders would not relent, but about a year later, the Supreme Court threw out the Montgomery bus law.
Summary: Civil rights activists known as "Freedom Riders" challenged the continued segregation of public transportation in many parts of the South. A federal ruling against segregated transportation existed but was often not enforced.
The first Freedom Ride left Washington, D.C., on May 4, 1961, with seven black and six white riders bound for New Orleans and intentionally sitting in outlawed positions. Most were members of CORE, but the ride also included two SNCC members. MLK and the SCLC would end up lending support as well.
It started out non violent. However, mob violence and police brutality exploded against the riders in Alabama. One bus was bombed in Anniston. KKK members beat riders nearly to death, white and black alike, in Birmingham. Local police did not intervene there or in Montgomery.
Summary: In 1964, activists organized "Freedom Summer," a drive to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi to prepare for the presidential election that year. Once again, the major organizations formed a coalition. The SNCC, CORE, SCLC, and NAACP came together to make the project a success.
This event triggered more violence from anti-integration groups like the KKK,sometimes with support from local law enforcement. Several workers and supporters were killed and many more beaten. Some attacked were white and from northern states.
In the end it all paid off. The struggle to achieve equal voting rights had some success in 1965. The states ratified the 24th Amendment, outlawing the requirement of paying a tax to vote. In addition, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed the use of literacy tests as a registration or voting requirement and sent government workers to the South to aid in registrations.