Presentation on theme: "Cold War and Postwar Changes"— Presentation transcript:
1 Cold War and Postwar Changes Chapter 27Our Lady of Lourdes High SchoolMarch 2015
2 Section 1: Development of the Cold War What is the message of this political cartoon?
3 Following World War II Europe is destroyed Ideological differences between United States and Soviet UnionCommunism Versus DemocracyBoth fear each otherBoth countries are “superpowers”
4 Eastern Europe Soviets refuse to give up control of Eastern Europe U.S. and G.B. want conquered territories to self-determineFirst place of conflict is a Civil War in GreeceCommunist V. Anti-Communist
5 Truman Doctrine Goal is to avoid Soviet expansion Truman asks for $400 million in support of Greece and TurkeyAlso stated the U.S. would support other countries threatened by Communism
6 Don’t Write“Like apples in a barrel infected by disease, the corruption of Greece would infect Iran and all the East….likewise Africa, Italy, France….Not since Rome and Carthage had there been such a polarization of power on this earth”United States Secretary of State Dean AchesonWhat is Acheson saying in this quote in your own words?What steps can the United States take to achieve this goal?
7 The Marshall Plan 1947 – A European recovery program Belief is Communism thrives in countries with economic problemsMarshall Plan provides $13 Billion to rebuild Europe
8 New U.S. Policy Europe is split; not much U.S. can do about it Policy of Containment – Keep Communism within its current boundaries
9 Iron CurtainThe imaginary line that divided the Western European countries from the Eastern European countries after World War II
10 Germany Split Country is split in 4 after WWII German Democratic RepublicCountry is split in 4 after WWIIBerlin is also splitU.S., G.B. and France unite to create West Germany, also want to unite BerlinSoviets Blockade BerlinFederal Republic of Germany
11 The Berlin Airlift British and U.S. airlift supplies for 10 months Above: A drop of supplies over East BerlinLeft: East Berliners await a drop on top of a destroyed buildingLoading milk on a flight headed for East BerlinBritish and U.S. airlift supplies for 10 monthsSoviets give in and lift Blockade
12 An Arms and Space RaceBoth the US and Soviets try and build militariesBoth have nuclear weaponsBelieve large nuclear arsenals will prevent war (deterrence)Also race to spaceSputnik 1 (1957)Soviet satellite put into orbit around Earth.
13 New Military Alliances NATO IN BLUEWARSAW PACT IN REDNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)U.S., France, G.B. and othersWarsaw PactEastern European nations and S.U
14 The Berlin WallAfter Stalin’s death Nikita Khrushchev emerges as Soviet leader1961 Khrushchev constructs a wallPrevent people from leaving East Berlin to West Berlin
16 Your Contribution to the Wall Choose West Berlin or East Berlin May want to have a central theme of:CommunismDestitutionOppressionControlThoughts about the WestLoss of familyWest BerlinMay want to have a central theme of:DemocracyEmploymentFreedomThoughts about the EastLoss of family
17 Communist Cuba1959 – Fidel Castro overthrows Fulgencio Batista in Cuba (90 miles off coast of Florida)Removes all American businessesEstablishes Communist gov’t
18 Bay of Pigs InvasionKennedy decided to launch an invasion to remove CastroBay of Pigs April 16,1961Horrible failure; creates more tension
19 The Cuban Missile Crisis Left: Fidel Castro and Nikita Kruschev embrace.Right: JFK on the cover of the Daily News during the crisisThe Cuban Missile Crisis1962 – Soviets (Khrushchev) place nuclear missiles in CubaResponse to U.S. missiles in TurkeyJFK blockades Cuba to not allow missiles inKhrushchev and JFK reach agreementSoviets remove missiles, U.S. will not invade Cuba
20 The Vietnam War Communist N. Vietnam want control of S. Vietnam 1964 – US troops sent to keep this from happeningSent by Linden B. Johnson (after Kenedy’s assassination)Following the Domino Theory (if one country falls to Communism so will surrounding countries)
21 DO NOW: Was the United States justified in involving itself in the Communist conflict in Greece, Cuba, and Vietnam? Why or why not?
22 Result of Vietnam WarUS fail to hold North Vietnamese led by Ho Chi MinhUS withdraws troopsWithin two years all Vietnam is CommunistDomino theory proves to not be true
23 Nikita Khrushchev emerges as Soviet policy maker De-Stalinization – Process of eliminating the more ruthless policies set forth by StalinFailed foreign and domestic policies get him removed from office in 1964
24 Revolts Against Communism Eastern European countries exploited by SovietsSoviets fight to keep controlWill see Eastern Europeans fight for sovereignty