Fleas and ticks can make your puppy or dog miserable... they can also trigger allergies and make him sick.
If your puppy is always scratching or has red, irritated patches of skin, and you see what looks like black grit in his fur (especially around the neck, ears, base of tail and groin) - chances are he has some fleas.
You may even see the fleas themselves as they crawl, or jump, around in his fur.
Ticks are very tiny BEFORE they snack on your dog's blood, but become fat and engorged afterwards and are pretty easy to spot.
If you also see some small (or not-so-small) 'wart-like growths' on Fido's head/body, they are quite possibly ticks.
Fleas are tiny, six-legged, reddish brown bugs but they're very athletic! They can jump almost a foot straight up, and cover 4 - 6 inches in distance.
There are four stages in the life-cycle of a flea - egg, larvae, pupae and adult (adults only make up about 5% of the total flea population in any one environment).
Fleas breed at incredible speed and, left to their own devices, a few fleas can turn into a major infestation in a very short space of time.
Most fleas only live for between 3 and 6 months (but in ideal conditions could live for over a year) and during that time a female flea could lay 2000 eggs!
Fleas have the potential to make your pup sick, spreading diseases such as Lyme Disease, Ehrlichiosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.... and these illnesses can be transmitted to humans too.
They can also cause carry, and transmit, tapeworm larvae to your dog.
Some pups or dogs are so sensitive to flea saliva that the bites set up an allergic reaction.
When you realize that a flea can bite up to 400 times a day you can imagine why a flea-saliva allergy can make poor Fido so very uncomfortable.
Flea allergies cause intense itching, pain, swelling, hot-spots or bleeding/scabbed areas.
Even young puppies can have fleas if their momma or their environment was infested.
If Fido has fleas you need to kill them at ALL stages of development to get the results you want.
Over-the-counter medications are not as effective (or safe) as the ones recommended or prescribed by your veterinarian, so don't waste money, or take risks with your pup's health, by using OTC chemically-based products.
However, even veterinarian prescribed/recommended flea and tick medications/products can cause side effects, some of which can be serious.
Possible adverse reactions which Fido may have to dog flea/tick products include:
You can find out everything you need to know about the active ingredients in flea/tick products (including potential dangers) here: National Pesticide Information Center - Specific Chemical (Active Ingredient) Information.
Some flea/tick products only kill fleas (or even just adult fleas, leaving eggs and larvae undamaged), others only ticks, some kill fleas and ticks, some kill fleas, ticks and internal parasites such as certain types of worms, others also repel mosquitoes... to make sure you get the right protection for your puppy or dog, check out the list below.
Here are just a few of the most popular flea and tick preventatives:
If your poor little pup has been the host to a bunch of fleas it's vital to treat her bedding, the carpet and any soft furnishings she's been in contact with as well as your yard/garden.
This way you will make sure to kill fleas at all life stages and put an end to the problem properly.
You can buy special sprays or use one of the popular 'bombs' (a pressurized can of chemicals that spell D-E-A-T-H to fleas such as Virbac Knockout ES Area Treatmentand/or Virbac Home Flea Relief Yard Spray Concentrate) which are very effective.
By treating both your puppy and your environment you stand the best chance of being free of fleas and ticks in a very short period of time.
Ticks are small, brown or black creatures with teardrop-shaped bodies and 8 legs (they're related to spiders - another critter that makes you go "yuk"!).
Ticks vary in size from tiny, pin-head critters to much larger one - sometimes as large as a kernel of corn, especially when they're full of blood.
The most common ticks in the USA is the brown dog tick and the American dog tick.
The Deer tick (the variety most likely to carry and transmit Lyme Disease) and the Western Black-legged tick can also be found.
In addition to spreading diseases, ticks can almost literally suck the life out of your dog/puppy.
A severe tick infestation can remove so much blood from his body that he becomes anemic, and this has the potential to be fatal.
Occasionally a tick can cause your dog to become (temporarily) paralyzed.
This happens when a female tick releases a toxin into your dog's system while feeding.
If your dog shows sudden or unexplained weakness or paralysis, check him THOROUGHLY for ticks. They can be easy to miss at times.
If the paralysis is caused by a tick, once it's removed your dog should make a full recovery.
The best, most effective and safest way to prevent or kill ticks is to use a medication specifically designed to kill fleas and ticks.
Over generations (which isn't very long for such short-lived creatures) fleas and ticks are able to build up an immunity to chemicals and pesticides they're exposed to on a regular basis.
This means that a product that once worked well, may no longer be so effective.
To keep your dog safe it can be sensible to switch up your product choices every now and then, under the direction and suggestion of your veterinarian of course.
These are safer than chemicals and can be very effective when used regularly.
For dogs or puppies with a severe infestations it may be necessary to use a vet-recommended product to knock down the numbers before switching to more natural options, but every situation varies.
If your dog has picked up a tick you need to remove it as quickly as possible.
Getting it off him within 24 hours can really reduce the chances of it being able to transmit any diseases.
The more common American Dog Tick isn't a carrier, but most of us can't really tell the difference between tick species..... and I know that I'm not too keen to get up really close to these nasty little creatures if I can help it!
The most commonly used antibiotics used for treating Lyme Disease in dogs are Doxycycline and Amoxicillin.
The earlier the antibiotics are started, the better the chance that your dog will make a full recovery.
Here's a fantastic product which can give you priceless peace of mind!
This diagnostic kit has a tick remover and then allows you to send the tick to a lab to find out whether or not it was carrying Lyme Disease.
As symptoms don't show for weeks, this early warning can allow you to set up treatment much earlier than would otherwise be possible, saving a lot of discomfort, pain, distress and cost.
There is an additional cost of $39.95 to have the tick analyzed, but to my mind it's well worth the money - especially if you're in a high risk state.