From marco.vicentini at gmail.com  Mon Sep  3 08:59:22 2007
From: marco.vicentini at gmail.com (marco.vicentini at gmail.com)
Date: Mon,  3 Sep 2007 08:59:22 +0200 (CEST)
Subject: [Rd] When 1+2 != 3 (PR#9895)
Message-ID: <20070903065922.DA71966911@slim.kubism.ku.dk>

Full_Name: Marco Vicentini, University of Verona
Version: 2.4.1 & 2.5.1
OS: OsX & WinXP
Submission from: (NULL) (157.27.253.46)


When I proceed to test the following equation 1 + 2 == 3, I obviously obtain the
value TRUE. But when I tryed to do the same using real number (i.e. 0.1 + 0.2 ==
0.3)  I obtained an unusual FALSE.
In the online help there are some tricks for this problem. It suggests to use
identical(...) which again answer FALSE. Only using isTRUE(all.equal(0.3, 0.1 +
0.2)) I can obtain the true value TRUE.

But the problem does not concern only the operator ==. Many other functions,
among over:  sort, order, unique, duplicate, identical are not able to deal with
this problem. This is very dangerous because no advice are provide by the online
help, and anybody can use these functions no think to unusual results.

I think that the problem is due to how double number are store by the C
compiler.

If it may be usefull, I have written to small function (Unique and isEqual)
which can deal with this problem of the double numbers.

I also add some other conditions for the same problem.

	0.3 == 0.15 + 0.15
    0.3 == 0.1 + 0.2
1 - 0.7 == 0.3
    0.1 == 1 - 0.9

    0.2 == 1 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2
   -0.2 == 1 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2

identical (0.3, 0.1 + 0.2)
all.equal (0.3, 0.1 + 0.2)

identical (-0.2 , 1 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2)
all.equal (-0.2 , 1 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2)

isTRUE( all.equal (-0.2 , 1 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2) )


   -0.2 == 1 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2

a= -0.2 
b=         1 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2

x<-c(a,b)
sprintf("%.15f",x)
sprintf("%.50f",x)



Unique <- function(x, digits = 8, fast = TRUE) {

	if (fast) {
		unique (round(x * 10^digits)) / 10^digits	
	} else {
		x = sort(x)
		for (i in 1:(length(x)-1))
			if (isTRUE(all.equal(x[i],x[i+1]))) x[i] = NaN
		x [ which (!is.nan(x)) ]
	}}

isEqual <- function (object, x, tol = 1e-9) {
	if (!is.vector(object)) stop("Object must be a vector")
	if (is.character(object)) stop("Object can not be a character")
	if (!is.real(x)) stop("x must be a real number")
	if (any(is.na(c(object,x)))) stop("NA is not supported")
	if (length(x) != 1) stop("length x must equal to 1")

	ifelse (abs(object - x) < tol, TRUE,FALSE) 
#	.Call("isEqual",as.real(object),as.real(x),as.real(tol), PACKAGE="mvUtils")
}



[Rd] When 1+2 != 3 (PR#9895)
marco.vicentini at gmail.com