From maechler at stat.math.ethz.ch  Sat Apr 26 22:59:17 2014
From: maechler at stat.math.ethz.ch (Martin Maechler)
Date: Sat, 26 Apr 2014 22:59:17 +0200
Subject: [Rd] type.convert and doubles
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>>>>> Simon Urbanek <simon.urbanek at r-project.org>
>>>>>     on Sat, 19 Apr 2014 13:06:15 -0400 writes:

    > On Apr 19, 2014, at 9:00 AM, Martin Maechler <maechler at stat.math.ethz.ch> wrote:
    >>>>>>> McGehee, Robert <Robert.McGehee at geodecapital.com>
    >>>>>>> on Thu, 17 Apr 2014 19:15:47 -0400 writes:
    >> 
    >>>> This is all application specific and
    >>>> sort of beyond the scope of type.convert(), which now behaves as it
    >>>> has been documented to behave.
    >> 
    >>> That's only a true statement because the documentation was changed to reflect the new behavior! The new feature in type.convert certainly does not behave according to the documentation as of R 3.0.3. Here's a snippit:
    >> 
    >>> The first type that can accept all the
    >>> non-missing values is chosen (numeric and complex return values
    >>> will represented approximately, of course).
    >> 
    >>> The key phrase is in parentheses, which reminds the user to expect a possible loss of precision. That important parenthetical was removed from the documentation in R 3.1.0 (among other changes).
    >> 
    >>> Putting aside the fact that this introduces a large amount of unnecessary work rewriting SQL / data import code, SQL packages, my biggest conceptual problem is that I can no longer rely on a particular function call returning a particular class. In my example querying stock prices, about 5% of prices came back as factors and the remaining 95% as numeric, so we had random errors popping in throughout the morning.
    >> 
    >>> Here's a short example showing us how the new behavior can be unreliable. I pass a character representation of a uniformly distributed random variable to type.convert. 90% of the time it is converted to "numeric" and 10% it is a "factor" (in R 3.1.0). In the 10% of cases in which type.convert converts to a factor the leading non-zero digit is always a 9. So if you were expecting a numeric value, then 1 in 10 times you may have a bug in your code that didn't exist before.
    >> 
    >>>> options(digits=16)
    >>>> cl <- NULL; for (i in 1:10000) cl[i] <- class(type.convert(format(runif(1))))
    >>>> table(cl)
    >>> cl
    >>> factor numeric
    >>> 990    9010
    >> 
    >> Yes.  
    >> 
    >> Murray's point is valid, too.
    >> 
    >> But in my view, with the reasoning we have seen here,
    >> *and* with the well known software design principle of
    >> "least surprise" in mind,
    >> I also do think that the default for type.convert() should be what
    >> it has been for > 10 years now.
    >> 

    > I think there should be two separate discussions:

    > a) have an option (argument to type.convert and possibly read.table) to enable/disable this behavior. I'm strongly in favor of this.

In my (not committed) version of R-devel, I now have

 > str(type.convert(format(1/3, digits=17), exact=TRUE)) 
  Factor w/ 1 level "0.33333333333333331": 1
 > str(type.convert(format(1/3, digits=17), exact=FALSE))
  num 0.333

where the 'exact' argument name has been ``imported'' from the
underlying C code.

[ As we CRAN package writers know by now, arguments nowadays can
  hardly be abbreviated anymore, and so I am not open to longer
  alternative argument names, as someone liking blind typing, I'm
  not fond of camel case or other keyboard gymnastics (;-) but if someone has a great idea for
  a better argument name.... ]

Instead of only  TRUE/FALSE, we could consider NA with 
semantics "FALSE + warning" or also "TRUE + warning".


    > b) decide what the default for a) will be. I have no strong opinion, I can see arguments in both directions

I think many have seen the good arguments in both directions.
I'm still strongly advocating that we value long term stability
higher here, and revert to more compatibility with the many
years of previous versions.

If we'd use a default of 'exact=NA', I'd like it to mean
FALSE + warning, but would not oppose much to  TRUE + warning.

I agree that for the TRUE case, it may make more sense to return
string-like object of a new (simple) class such as  "bignum"
that was mentioned in this thread.

OTOH, this functionality should make it into an R 3.1.1 in the
not so distant future, and thinking through consequences and
implementing the new class approach may just take a tad too much
time...

Martin

    > But most importantly I think a) is better than the status quo - even if the discussion about b) drags out.

    > Cheers,
    > Simon



[Rd] type.convert and doubles
Martin Maechler