From ivo.welch at gmail.com  Tue Feb  5 00:22:37 2013
From: ivo.welch at gmail.com (ivo welch)
Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2013 15:22:37 -0800
Subject: [Rd] Contract Syntactic Sugar
In-Reply-To: <489BC778-DB7A-46CD-9574-089B69D9D068@muxspace.com>
References: <CAPr7RtX787PFPCYtqPROOnUSSgdSyPq9dq7yTF780q4syEA1jw@mail.gmail.com>
	<489BC778-DB7A-46CD-9574-089B69D9D068@muxspace.com>
Message-ID: <CAPr7RtXkee7NaR31Ha3xYC9oq+vR5DRxzZR82uUqBBZHr6hCfg@mail.gmail.com>

hi brian---interesting and very impressive.  is it possible to move
everything into one definition and/or to chain multiple conditions?

exponentiate(x, exponent) %::% data.frame : c(numeric,allpositive) :
integer  %as% {
  x %has% base  ## my invention, since this is not checked, and R is
not strict enough
  x$base %::% allpositive
  x$base ^ exponent
}

multiple creations as in your doc examples on the same function are a
recipe for errors for me.  it's also why I am not too fond of
TypeInfo.  chaining conditions in my c() is not important, as long as
I can define my own types (which can check multiple aspects at the
same time).  suggestion: in your doc example, can you define a
different type than an integer?  it's a little confusing.  how about
defining a strictly positive integer?

regards,

/iaw
----
Ivo Welch (ivo.welch at gmail.com)
http://www.ivo-welch.info/
J. Fred Weston Professor of Finance
Anderson School at UCLA, C519
Director, UCLA Anderson Fink Center for Finance and Investments
Free Finance Textbook, http://book.ivo-welch.info/
Editor, Critical Finance Review, http://www.critical-finance-review.org/



On Mon, Feb 4, 2013 at 2:10 PM, Brian Lee Yung Rowe <rowe at muxspace.com> wrote:
> Ivo,
>
> You might be interested in my lambda.r package which provides syntax (using the %::% operator) for type constraints. Given a function with n arguments, the type constraint requires n + 1 types, as the last type listed is the return type. Lambda.r also provides syntax for specifying any arbitrary condition on the input arguments via the %when% operator. For your example below you could do the following:
>
> exponentiate(x, exponent) %::% data.frame : numeric : numeric
> exponentiate(x, exponent) %when% {
>   is.positive(x)
> } %as% {
>   x$base ^ exponent
> }
>
> You can see more examples in the package (available on CRAN) or in the source (https://github.com/muxspace/lambda.r).
>
> HTH,
> Brian
>
>
> On Feb 4, 2013, at 4:53 PM, ivo welch <ivo.welch at anderson.ucla.edu> wrote:
>
>> ## the following is a dream: add some sugar syntax to allow for
>> contracts with teeth (in and out checking)
>>
>>> is.positive <- function(x) (all(x>0))
>>
>>> exponentiate <- function( x ::is.data.frame , exponent ::is.numeric is.positive)  :: is.vector is.numeric  {
>>    x$base :: is.positive        ## error also if base does not exist
>> in x; may need some special IQ
>>    x$base^exponent
>> }
>>
>> should be self-explanatory.  anything that has '::' means "run what is
>> before through all the functions after and barf if it is not true".
>> any other operator rather than :: or other syntax would be as
>> good---this is just illustratory.  in the end, this code should be
>> viewed by R as the same as
>>
>>> exponentiate <- function( x, exponent ) {
>>    stopifnot( is.data.frame(x) )
>>    stopifnot( is.numeric(exponent) )
>>    stopifnot( is.positive(exponent) )
>>    stopifnot( exists("base", "x") )
>>    stopifnot( is.positive( x$base ) )
>>    return.value <- x$base^exponent
>>    stopifnot( is.vector(return.value) )
>>    stopifnot( is.numeric(return.value) )
>>    return.value
>> }
>>
>> is this a feasible summer project for a student with a prospect of
>> inclusion of the completed code in the R core language itself if I pay
>> for the development time?  {or does better syntax already exist and I
>> am just ignorant (which I often am)?}
>>
>> regards,
>>
>> /iaw
>> ----
>> Ivo Welch (ivo.welch at gmail.com)
>>
>> ______________________________________________
>> R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>



[Rd] Contract Syntactic Sugar
ivo welch