From hp@ge@@on@g|thub @end|ng |rom gm@||@com  Sat Sep 23 01:55:05 2023
From: hp@ge@@on@g|thub @end|ng |rom gm@||@com (=?UTF-8?B?SGVydsOpIFBhZ8Oocw==?=)
Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2023 16:55:05 -0700
Subject: [Rd] Recent changes to as.complex(NA_real_)
In-Reply-To: <57f77592-26ad-43dd-8e36-f9989c915308@gmail.com>
References: <1cf40db9-ea70-483a-a547-270da6926935@gmail.com>
 <25869.28353.595831.807741@stat.math.ethz.ch>
 <4abe101e-55be-8800-31ee-e0414c89740e@gmail.com>
 <57f77592-26ad-43dd-8e36-f9989c915308@gmail.com>
Message-ID: <6bcad145-a1f9-32a5-c9e8-97041ed2eab7@gmail.com>

The problem is that you have things that are **semantically** different 
but look exactly the same:

They look the same:

 > x
[1] NA
 > y
[1] NA
 > z
[1] NA

 > is.na(x)
[1] TRUE
 > is.na(y)
[1] TRUE
 > is.na(z)
[1] TRUE

 > str(x)
 ?cplx NA
 > str(y)
 ?num NA
 > str(z)
 ?cplx NA

but they are semantically different e.g.

 > Re(x)
[1] NA
 > Re(y)
[1] -0.5? # surprise!

 > Im(x)? # surprise!
[1] 2
 > Im(z)
[1] NA

so any expression involving Re() or Im() will produce different results 
on input that look the same on the surface.

You can address this either by normalizing the internal representation 
of complex NA to always be complex(r=NaN, i=NA_real_), like for 
NA_complex_, or by allowing the infinite variations that are currently 
allowed and at the same time making sure that both Re() and Im()? always 
return NA_real_ on a complex NA.

My point is that the behavior of complex NA should be predictable. Right 
now it's not. Once it's predictable (with Re() and Im() both returning 
NA_real_ regardless of internal representation), then it no longer 
matters what kind of complex NA is returned by as.complex(NA_real_), 
because they are no onger distinguishable.

H.

On 9/22/23 13:43, Duncan Murdoch wrote:
> Since the result of is.na(x) is the same on each of those, I don't see 
> a problem.? As long as that is consistent, I don't see a problem. You 
> shouldn't be using any other test for NA-ness.? You should never be 
> expecting identical() to treat different types as the same (e.g. 
> identical(NA, NA_real_) is FALSE, as it should be).? If you are using 
> a different test, that's user error.
>
> Duncan Murdoch
>
> On 22/09/2023 2:41 p.m., Herv? Pag?s wrote:
>> We could also question the value of having an infinite number of NA
>> representations in the complex space. For example all these complex
>> values are displayed the same way (as NA), are considered NAs by
>> is.na(), but are not identical or semantically equivalent (from an Re()
>> or Im() point of view):
>>
>> ? ??? NA_real_ + 0i
>>
>> ? ??? complex(r=NA_real_, i=Inf)
>>
>> ? ??? complex(r=2, i=NA_real_)
>>
>> ? ??? complex(r=NaN, i=NA_real_)
>>
>> In other words, using a single representation for complex NA (i.e.
>> complex(r=NA_real_, i=NA_real_)) would avoid a lot of unnecessary
>> complications and surprises.
>>
>> Once you do that, whether as.complex(NA_real_) should return
>> complex(r=NA_real_, i=0) or complex(r=NA_real_, i=NA_real_) becomes a
>> moot point.
>>
>> Best,
>>
>> H.
>>
>> On 9/22/23 03:38, Martin Maechler wrote:
>>>>>>>> Mikael Jagan
>>>>>>>> ????? on Thu, 21 Sep 2023 00:47:39 -0400 writes:
>>> ????? > Revisiting this thread from April:
>>>
>>> >https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-devel/2023-April/082545.html
>>>
>>> ????? > where the decision (not yet backported) was made for
>>> ????? > as.complex(NA_real_) to give NA_complex_ instead of
>>> ????? > complex(r=NA_real_, i=0), to be consistent with
>>> ????? > help("as.complex") and as.complex(NA) and 
>>> as.complex(NA_integer_).
>>>
>>> ????? > Was any consideration given to the alternative?
>>> ????? > That is, to changing as.complex(NA) and 
>>> as.complex(NA_integer_) to
>>> ????? > give complex(r=NA_real_, i=0), consistent with
>>> ????? > as.complex(NA_real_), then amending help("as.complex")
>>> ????? > accordingly?
>>>
>>> Hmm, as, from R-core, mostly I was involved, I admit to say "no",
>>> to my knowledge the (above) alternative wasn't considered.
>>>
>>> ??? > The principle that
>>> ??? > Im(as.complex(<real=(double|integer|logical)>)) should be zero
>>> ??? > is quite fundamental, in my view, hence the "new" behaviour
>>> ??? > seems to really violate the principle of least surprise ...
>>>
>>> of course "least surprise"? is somewhat subjective.? Still,
>>> I clearly agree that the above would be one desirable property.
>>>
>>> I think that any solution will lead to *some* surprise for some
>>> cases, I think primarily because there are *many* different
>>> values z? for which? is.na(z)? is true,? and in any case
>>> NA_complex_? is only of the many.
>>>
>>> I also agree with Mikael that we should reconsider the issue
>>> that was raised by Davis Vaughan here ("on R-devel") last April.
>>>
>>> ????? > Another (but maybe weaker) argument is that
>>> ????? > double->complex coercions happen more often than
>>> ????? > logical->complex and integer->complex ones. Changing the
>>> ????? > behaviour of the more frequently performed coercion is
>>> ????? > more likely to affect code "out there".
>>>
>>> ????? > Yet another argument is that one expects
>>>
>>> ????? >????? identical(as.complex(NA_real_), NA_real_ + (0+0i))
>>>
>>> ????? > to be TRUE, i.e., that coercing from double to complex is
>>> ????? > equivalent to adding a complex zero.? The new behaviour
>>> ????? > makes the above FALSE, since NA_real_ + (0+0i) gives
>>> ????? > complex(r=NA_real_, i=0).
>>>
>>> No!? --- To my own surprise (!) --- in current R-devel the above is 
>>> TRUE,
>>> and
>>> ??????? NA_real_ + (0+0i)? , the same as
>>> ??????? NA_real_ + 0i????? , really gives? complex(r=NA, i=NA) :
>>>
>>> Using showC() from ?complex
>>>
>>> ??? showC <- function(z) noquote(sprintf("(R = %g, I = %g)", Re(z), 
>>> Im(z)))
>>>
>>> we see (in R-devel) quite consistently
>>>
>>>> showC(NA_real_ + 0i)
>>> [1] (R = NA, I = NA)
>>>> showC(NA?????? + 0i)? # NA is 'logical'
>>> [1] (R = NA, I = NA)
>>> where as in R 4.3.1 and "R-patched" -- *in*consistently
>>>
>>>> showC(NA_real_ + 0i)
>>> [1] (R = NA, I = 0)
>>>> showC(NA + 0i)
>>> [1] (R = NA, I = NA)
>>> .... and honestly, I do not see *where* (and when) we changed
>>> the underlying code (in arithmetic.c !?)? in R-devel to *also*
>>> produce? NA_complex_? in such complex *arithmetic*
>>>
>>>
>>> ????? > Having said that, one might also (but more naively) expect
>>>
>>> ????? >???? identical(as.complex(as.double(NA_complex_)), NA_complex_)
>>>
>>> ????? > to be TRUE.
>>>
>>> as in current R-devel
>>>
>>> ????? > Under my proposal it continues to be FALSE.
>>>
>>> as in "R-release"
>>>
>>> ????? > Well, I'd prefer if it gave FALSE with a warning
>>> ????? > "imaginary parts discarded in coercion", but it seems that
>>> ????? > as.double(complex(r=a, i=b)) never warns when either of
>>> ????? > 'a' and 'b' is NA_real_ or NaN, even where "information"
>>> ????? > {nonzero 'b'} is clearly lost ...
>>>
>>> The question of *warning* here is related indeed, but I think
>>> we should try to look at it only *secondary* to your first
>>> proposal.
>>>
>>> ????? > Whatever decision is made about as.complex(NA_real_),
>>> ????? > maybe these points should be weighed before it becomes part of
>>> ????? > R-release ...
>>>
>>> ????? > Mikael
>>>
>>> Indeed.
>>>
>>> Can we please get other opinions / ideas here?
>>>
>>> Thank you in advance for your thoughts!
>>> Martin
>>>
>>> ---
>>>
>>> PS:
>>>
>>> ?? Our *print()*ing? of complex NA's ("NA" here meaning NA or NaN)
>>> ?? is also unsatisfactory, e.g. in the case where all entries of a
>>> ?? vector are NA in the sense of is.na(.), but their
>>> ?? Re() and Im() are not all NA:
>>> ?? ??? showC <- function(z) noquote(sprintf("(R = %g, I = %g)", 
>>> Re(z), Im(z)))
>>> ??? z <- complex(, c(11, NA, NA), c(NA, 99, NA))
>>> ??? z
>>> ??? showC(z)
>>>
>>> gives
>>>
>>> ??? > z
>>> ??? [1] NA NA NA
>>> ??? > showC(z)
>>> ??? [1] (R = 11, I = NA) (R = NA, I = 99) (R = NA, I = NA)
>>>
>>> but that (printing of complex) *is* another issue,
>>> in which we have the re-opened bugzilla PR#16752
>>> ????? ==>https://bugs.r-project.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16752
>>>
>>> on which we also worked during the R Sprint in Warwick three
>>> weeks ago, and where I want to commit changes in any case {but
>>> think we should change even a bit more than we got to during the
>>> Sprint}.
>>>
>>> ______________________________________________
>>> R-devel at r-project.org? mailing list
>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
>>
>
-- 
Herv? Pag?s

Bioconductor Core Team
hpages.on.github at gmail.com

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[Rd] Recent changes to as.complex(NA_real_)
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