From murdoch@dunc@n @end|ng |rom gm@||@com  Sat Mar 11 23:44:16 2023
From: murdoch@dunc@n @end|ng |rom gm@||@com (Duncan Murdoch)
Date: Sat, 11 Mar 2023 17:44:16 -0500
Subject: [Rd] Multiple Assignment built into the R Interpreter?
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On 11/03/2023 4:42 p.m., Sebastian Martin Krantz wrote:
> Thanks Duncan and Ivan for the careful thoughts. I'm not sure I can 
> follow all aspects you raised, but to give my limited take on a few:
> 
>> your proposal violates a very basic property of the  language, i.e. that all statements are expressions and have a value.  > What's the value of 1 + (A, C = init_matrices()).
> 
> I'm not sure I see the point here. I evaluated 1 + (d = dim(mtcars); nr 
> = d[1]; nc = d[2]; rm(d)), which simply gives a syntax error,


   d = dim(mtcars); nr = d[1]; nc = d[2]; rm(d)

is not a statement, it is a sequence of 4 statements.

Duncan Murdoch

  as the
> above expression should. `%=%` assigns to
> environments, so 1 + (c("A", "C") %=% init_matrices()) returns 
> numeric(0), with A and C having their values assigned.
> 
>> suppose f() returns list(A = 1, B = 2) and I do  > B, A <- f() > Should assignment be by position or by name?
> 
> In other languages this is by position. The feature is not meant to 
> replace list2env(), and being able to rename objects in the assignment 
> is a vital feature of codes
> using multi input and output functions e.g. in Matlab or Julia.
> 
>> Honestly, given that this is simply syntactic sugar, I don't think I would support it.
> 
> You can call it that, but it would be used by almost every R user almost 
> every day. Simple things like nr, nc = dim(x); values, vectors = 
> eigen(x) etc. where the creation of intermediate objects
> is cumbersome and redundant.
> 
>> I see you've already mentioned it ("JavaScript-like"). I think it would  fulfil Sebastian's requirements too, as long as it is considered "true assignment" by the rest of the language.
> 
> I don't have strong opinions about how the issue is phrased or 
> implemented. Something like [t, n] = dim(x) might even be more clear. 
> It's important though that assignment remains by position,
> so even if some output gets thrown away that should also be positional.
> 
>>  A <- 0  > [A, B = A + 10] <- list(1, A = 2)
> 
> I also fail to see the use of allowing this. something like this is an 
> error.
> 
>> A = 2
>> (B = A + 1) <- 1
> Error in (B = A + 1) <- 1 : could not find function "(<-"
> 
> Regarding the practical implementation, I think `collapse::%=%` is a 
> good starting point. It could be introduced in R as a separate function, 
> or `=` could be modified to accommodate its capability. It should be 
> clear that
> with more than one LHS variables the assignment is an environment level 
> operation and the results can only be used in computations once assigned 
> to the environment, e.g. as in 1 + (c("A", "C") %=% init_matrices()),
> A and C are not available for the addition in this statement. The 
> interpretor then needs to be modified to read something like nr, nc = 
> dim(x) or [nr, nc] = dim(x). as an environment-level multiple assignment 
> operation with no
> immediate value. Appears very feasible to my limited understanding, but 
> I guess there are other things to consider still. Definitely appreciate 
> the responses so far though.
> 
> Best regards,
> 
> Sebastian
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> On Sat, 11 Mar 2023 at 20:38, Duncan Murdoch <murdoch.duncan at gmail.com 
> <mailto:murdoch.duncan at gmail.com>> wrote:
> 
>     On 11/03/2023 11:57 a.m., Ivan Krylov wrote:
>      > On Sat, 11 Mar 2023 11:11:06 -0500
>      > Duncan Murdoch <murdoch.duncan at gmail.com
>     <mailto:murdoch.duncan at gmail.com>> wrote:
>      >
>      >> That's clear, but your proposal violates a very basic property
>     of the
>      >> language, i.e. that all statements are expressions and have a value.
>      >
>      > How about reframing this feature request from multiple assignment
>      > (which does go contrary to "everything has only one value, even
>     if it's
>      > sometimes invisible(NULL)") to "structured binding" / "destructuring
>      > assignment" [*], which takes this single single value returned by the
>      > expression and subsets it subject to certain rules? It may be
>     easier to
>      > make a decision on the semantics for destructuring assignment (e.g.
>      > languages which have this feature typically allow throwing unneeded
>      > parts of the return value away), and it doesn't seem to break as much
>      > of the rest of the language if implemented.
>      >
>      > I see you've already mentioned it ("JavaScript-like"). I think it
>     would
>      > fulfil Sebastian's requirements too, as long as it is considered
>     "true
>      > assignment" by the rest of the language.
>      >
>      > The hard part is to propose the actual grammar of the new feature (in
>      > terms of src/main/gram.y, preferably without introducing
>     conflicts) and
>      > its semantics (including the corner cases, some of which you have
>      > already mentioned). I'm not sure I'm up to the task.
>      >
> 
>     If I were doing it, here's what I'd propose:
> 
>      ? ?'[' formlist ']' LEFT_ASSIGN expr
>      ? ?'[' formlist ']' EQ_ASSIGN expr
>      ? ?expr RIGHT_ASSIGN? '[' formlist ']'
> 
>     where `formlist` has the syntax of the formals list for a function
>     definition.? This would have the following semantics:
> 
>      ? ? {
>      ? ? ? *tmp* <- expr
> 
>      ? ? ? # For arguments with no "default" expression,
> 
>      ? ? ? argname1 <- *tmp*[[1]]
>      ? ? ? argname2 <- *tmp*[[2]]
>      ? ? ? ...
> 
>      ? ? ? # For arguments with a default listed
> 
>      ? ? ? argname3 <- with(*tmp*, default3)
>      ? ? }
> 
> 
>     The value of the whole thing would therefore be (invisibly) the
>     value of
>     the last item in the assignment.
> 
>     Two examples:
> 
>      ? ?[A, B, C] <- expr? ?# assign the first three elements of expr to A,
>     B, and C
> 
>      ? ?[A, B, C = a + b] <- expr? # assign the first two elements of expr
>      ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? # to A and B,
>      ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? # assign with(expr, a + b) to C.
> 
>     Unfortunately, I don't think this could be done entirely by
>     transforming
>     the expression (which is the way |> was done), and that makes it a lot
>     harder to write and to reason about.? E.g. what does this do?
> 
>      ? ?A <- 0
>      ? ?[A, B = A + 10] <- list(1, A = 2)
> 
>     According to the recipe above, I think it sets A to 1 and B to 12, but
>     maybe a user would expect B to be 10 or 11.? And according to that
>     recipe this is an error:
> 
>      ? ?[A, B = A + 10] <- c(1, A = 2)
> 
>     which probably isn't what a user would expect, given that this is fine:
> 
>      ? ?[A, B] <- c(1, 2)
> 
>     Duncan Murdoch
>



[Rd] Multiple Assignment built into the R Interpreter?
Duncan Murdoch