From ravi.varadhan at jhu.edu  Thu Sep 27 16:27:37 2012
From: ravi.varadhan at jhu.edu (Ravi Varadhan)
Date: Thu, 27 Sep 2012 14:27:37 +0000
Subject: [Rd] non-differentiable evaluation points in nlminb(),
	follow-up of PR#15052
In-Reply-To: <5062C74D.3010002@ifspm.uzh.ch>
References: <5062C74D.3010002@ifspm.uzh.ch>
Message-ID: <2F9EA67EF9AE1C48A147CB41BE2E15C32AFE2D@DOM-EB-MAIL1.win.ad.jhu.edu>

Can you provide a correct/sensible example that illustrates the problem?

Your gradient function is wrong.  So, how do you expect the algorithms to work?  

Why is the gradient Inf when |x| < 1.e-5?   It should be 0.

Here the following works fine:

require(optimx)

f <- function (x) {
if(is.na(x)) Inf else abs(x)
}

gr <- function (x) if (abs(x) < 1e-5) 0 else sign(x)

hess <- function (x) matrix(if (abs(x) < 1e-5) 0 else 0, 1L, 1L)

nlminb(5, f, gr, hess, control=list(eval.max=30, trace=1))

ans <- optimx(par=5, fn=f, gr=gr, control=list(all.methods=TRUE))

Ravi
________________________________________
From: r-devel-bounces at r-project.org [r-devel-bounces at r-project.org] on behalf of Sebastian Meyer [Sebastian.Meyer at ifspm.uzh.ch]
Sent: Wednesday, September 26, 2012 5:13 AM
To: r-devel at r-project.org
Subject: [Rd] non-differentiable evaluation points in nlminb(), follow-up of PR#15052

This is a follow-up question for PR#15052
<http://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=15052>

There is another thing I would like to discuss wrt how nlminb() should
proceed with NAs. The question is: What would be a successful way to
deal with an evaluation point of the objective function where the
gradient and the hessian are not well defined?

If the gradient and the hessian both return NA values (assuming R <
r60789, e.g. R 2.15.1), and also if both return +Inf values, nlminb
steps to an NA parameter vector.
Here is a really artificial one-dimensional example for demonstration:

f <- function (x) {
  cat("evaluating f(", x, ")\n")
  if(is.na(x)) {Inf   # to prevent an infinite loop for R < r60789
  } else abs(x)
}
gr <- function (x) if (abs(x) < 1e-5) Inf else sign(x)
hess <- function (x) matrix(if (abs(x) < 1e-5) Inf else 0, 1L, 1L)
trace(gr)
trace(hess)
nlminb(5, f, gr, hess, control=list(eval.max=30, trace=1))

Thus, if nlminb reaches a point where the derivatives are not defined,
optimization is effectively lost. Is there a way to deal with such
points in nlminb? Otherwise, the objective function is doomed to
emergency stop() if it receives NA parameters because nlminb won't pick
up courage - regardless of the following return value of the objective
function.
As far as I would assess the situation, nlminb is currently not capable
of optimizing objective functions with non-differentiable points.

Best regards,
  Sebastian Meyer

--
Sebastian Meyer
Division of Biostatistics
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine
University of Zurich

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[Rd] non-differentiable evaluation points in nlminb(), follow-up of PR#15052
Ravi Varadhan