From pgilbert at bank-banque-canada.ca  Sat Jul  1 03:03:54 2006
From: pgilbert at bank-banque-canada.ca (Paul Gilbert)
Date: Fri, 30 Jun 2006 21:03:54 -0400
Subject: [Rd] foo2Args()
In-Reply-To: <44A5C3FB.1010202@stats.uwo.ca>
References: <44A58747.7080705@bank-banque-canada.ca>	<44A58CE6.2040903@stats.uwo.ca>
	<44A593A9.9010802@bank-banque-canada.ca>
	<44A5C3FB.1010202@stats.uwo.ca>
Message-ID: <44A5C9FA.1010704@bank-banque-canada.ca>



Duncan Murdoch wrote:
> On 6/30/2006 5:12 PM, Paul Gilbert wrote:
>>
>> Duncan Murdoch wrote:
>>
>>> On 6/30/2006 4:19 PM, Paul Gilbert wrote:
>>>
>>>> I was just considering trying to clean up the arguments to a 
>>>> function that calls other functions,
>>>> and was playin with a suggestion Achim made during a conversation at 
>>>> useR.  The idea is, instead of using list(), use a small function to 
>>>> construct and check arguments. My hope was to be able to do this 
>>>> without making it globally visible:
>>>>
>>>> foo <- function(x, args=foo2Args()) {
>>>>   foo2Args <- function(a=1, b=2){list(a,b)}
>>>>   # above would actual do more testing of args
>>>>   #now I would call foo2 with args, but to test just
>>>>   args
>>>>   }
>>>>  
>>>> Now,
>>>>
>>>>  > foo(1)   # should I be surprized that this works
>>>> [[1]]
>>>> [1] 1
>>>>
>>>> [[2]]
>>>> [1] 2
>>>
>>> I don't think it really works, it's just a coincidence that the 
>>> answer matches your expectations:
>>>
>>>> foo(3)
>>> [[1]]
>>> [1] 1
>>>
>>> [[2]]
>>> [1] 2
>>>
>>> Or maybe I am completely misunderstanding your expectations...
>>>
>>>>  > foo(1, args=foo2Args(a=2, b=10)) # or that this does not
>>>> Error in foo(1, args = foo2Args(a = 2, b = 10)) :
>>>>     could not find function "foo2Args"
>>>
>>> This is a somewhat subtle thing about the way args are evaluated.  
>>> What is done makes lots of sense once you understand it:
>>>
>>>  - When you specify an argument in the call, the expression you give 
>>> is evaluated in the current context.  In the context where you made 
>>> this call, foo2Args is not defined, hence the error.
>>>
>>>  - When you specify a default for an argument, it is evaluated in the 
>>> local context of the function evaluation.  So as a default, foo2Args 
>>> is recognized, because it's a local variable within foo.
>>>
>>> You also need to remember "lazy evaluation":  neither of the above 
>>> actually take place until args is used.
>>>
>>> R is pretty flexible, so it's probably possible to do whatever you 
>>> intended here; can you describe exactly what you want to happen?
>>
>> I guess what I want to happen is that when args is used it it gets 
>> evaluated in the local context of the function, whether or not I am 
>> specifying the argument or using the default. Is there a way to do that?
> 
> I think this would work:
> 
>  foo <- function(x, args=foo2Args()) {
>    foo2Args <- function(a=1, b=2){list(a,b)}
>    # above would actual do more testing of args
>    #now I would call foo2 with args, but to test just
>    args <- eval(substitute(args))
>    args
>    }
> 
> The explanation is this:
> 
> substitute(args) gets the expression attached to args without evaluating 
> it. eval( substitute(args) ) then evaluates it; since I didn't say which 
> environment to work in, it defaults to the current evaluation environment.
> 
> HOWEVER, this function is a bad idea.  Users don't expect evaluation 
> like this.  For example, this would mess it up:
> 
> args <- 2
> foo(1, args=foo2Args(a=args, b=10))
> 
> because it would try to evaluate "args" in the local environment, rather 
> than where the user put it.  You'd get weird behaviour if any of the 
> values in foo2Args used variables rather than constants, because they'd 
> be evaluated in the function, not in the user's workspace.

Yes, I realized on the way home that what I want is not what I said, 
because I need the function to be found (thus in the local context) but 
I need the arguments to foo2Args from the calling context, if they are 
supplied.

The general idea is to provide a nice clean way to pass arguments along 
to other functions. If foo is calling a few functions this becomes 
really messy, and even moreso if those functions call other functions 
that need arguments passed along. The way I have always done this is 
with a list, but there may be some advantage to using a function that 
constructs the argument. However, there are likely to be namespace 
conflicts if everyone does this and this constructing function name has 
to be exported, or even visible outside of the call to the function. For 
example, one of the function I want to call is optim. If everyone that 
calls optim wants to do this (supposing it is a good idea), they would 
all probably decide a good name for the function is optimArgs.

Perhaps sticking with a list is the best idea.

Thanks,
Paul
> 
> Duncan Murdoch
> 
>>
>> What I expected to happen was that it would always get evaluated 
>> either in the local context or in the calling context, i.e., it would 
>> fail or not fail, but that would not depend on whether I am specifying 
>> the argument or using the default, so your first points explain this.
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Paul
>>
>>> Duncan Murdoch
====================================================================================

La version fran?aise suit le texte anglais.

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[Rd] foo2Args()
Paul Gilbert