From tlumley at u.washington.edu  Tue Jan 16 20:26:27 2007
From: tlumley at u.washington.edu (Thomas Lumley)
Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2007 11:26:27 -0800 (PST)
Subject: [Rd] Why does not the command 'length(a <- 1:5) <- 4' not work?
In-Reply-To: <45AD1843.1090305@vanderbilt.edu>
References: <45AD1843.1090305@vanderbilt.edu>
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.4.64.0701161103080.31153@homer21.u.washington.edu>

On Tue, 16 Jan 2007, Charles Dupont wrote:

> I would assume that 'length(a <- 1:5) <- 4' should work because
> 'length(a <- 1:5)' does work.

Appearances can be deceptive.

length(a <- 1:5) evaluates a <- 1:5 and then passes its value to length(), 
in ordinary call-by-value semantics.

That can't be how complex assignment functions work, though.

Consider

length(names(a))<-5

and suppose names(a) is c("A","B").  This code doesn't just evaluate 
names(a) and pass the result on, since
    length(c("A","B"))<-5
would be silly (and invalid).  It must be doing something more 
complicated to make sure that "a", buried deep inside the call, gets 
updated.

What actually happens is that
   f(x) <- y
is rewritten in terms of the assignment function "f<-" as
   x <- "f<-"(x, y)
so
   length(names(a))<-5
is
   names(a) <- "length<-"(names(a), 5)
which in turn is
   a <- "names<-"(a, "length<-"(names(a), 5))

This requires the assignment function "f<-" to exist, of course.

In your case
   length(a <- 1:5) <- 4
is rewritten as
   (a<-1:5) <- "length<-"(a<-1:5, 5)
and then as
   a <- "<-<-"(a, "length<-"(a<-1:5, 5))
which gives the error you report -- there is no function "<-<-".

You  might think the last stage of rewriting could just be avoided, but
   (a<-1:5) <- "length<-"(a<-1:5, 5)
is invalid if not rewritten, since it tries to modify 1:5, which is not a 
variable.

If you want to compute
    a <- 1:5
    length(a)<-4
then just do it like that.


 	-thomas



[Rd] Why does not the command 'length(a <- 1:5) <- 4' not work?
Thomas Lumley