<div id="docs-body">
 <div class="section">
  <div class="titlepage">
   <div>
    <div>
     <h3 class="title">
      <a name="server-options">
      </a>
      7.1.7 Server Command Options
     </h3>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div>
  <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280461472">
  </a>
  <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280459984">
  </a>
  <p>
   When you start the
   <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
    <span class="command">
     <strong>
      mysqld
     </strong>
    </span>
   </a>
   server, you can
      specify program options using any of the methods described in
   <a class="xref" href="program-options.html" title="6.2.2 Specifying Program Options">
    Section 6.2.2, “Specifying Program Options”
   </a>
   . The most common methods are to
      provide options in an option file or on the command line. However,
      in most cases it is desirable to make sure that the server uses
      the same options each time it runs. The best way to ensure this is
      to list them in an option file. See
   <a class="xref" href="option-files.html" title="6.2.2.2 Using Option Files">
    Section 6.2.2.2, “Using Option Files”
   </a>
   . That section also describes option
      file format and syntax.
  </p>
  <p>
   <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
    <span class="command">
     <strong>
      mysqld
     </strong>
    </span>
   </a>
   reads options from the
   <code class="literal">
    [mysqld]
   </code>
   and
   <code class="literal">
    [server]
   </code>
   groups.
   <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="6.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script">
    <span class="command">
     <strong>
      mysqld_safe
     </strong>
    </span>
   </a>
   reads options from the
   <code class="literal">
    [mysqld]
   </code>
   ,
   <code class="literal">
    [server]
   </code>
   ,
   <code class="literal">
    [mysqld_safe]
   </code>
   , and
   <code class="literal">
    [safe_mysqld]
   </code>
   groups.
   <a class="link" href="mysql-server.html" title="6.3.3 mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script">
    <span class="command">
     <strong>
      mysql.server
     </strong>
    </span>
   </a>
   reads options from the
   <code class="literal">
    [mysqld]
   </code>
   and
   <code class="literal">
    [mysql.server]
   </code>
   groups.
  </p>
  <p>
   <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
    <span class="command">
     <strong>
      mysqld
     </strong>
    </span>
   </a>
   accepts many command options. For a
      brief summary, execute this command:
  </p>
  <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
   <pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa8243806"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">mysqld <span class="token property">--help</span></code></pre>
  </div>
  <p>
   To see the full list, use this command:
  </p>
  <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
   <pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa49327686"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">mysqld <span class="token property">--verbose</span> <span class="token property">--help</span></code></pre>
  </div>
  <p>
   Some of the items in the list are actually system variables that
      can be set at server startup. These can be displayed at runtime
      using the
   <a class="link" href="show-variables.html" title="15.7.7.41 SHOW VARIABLES Statement">
    <code class="literal">
     SHOW VARIABLES
    </code>
   </a>
   statement.
      Some items displayed by the preceding
   <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
    <span class="command">
     <strong>
      mysqld
     </strong>
    </span>
   </a>
   command do not appear in
   <a class="link" href="show-variables.html" title="15.7.7.41 SHOW VARIABLES Statement">
    <code class="literal">
     SHOW
      VARIABLES
    </code>
   </a>
   output; this is because they are options only
      and not system variables.
  </p>
  <p>
   The following list shows some of the most common server options.
      Additional options are described in other sections:
  </p>
  <div class="itemizedlist">
   <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      Options that affect security: See
      <a class="xref" href="security-options.html" title="8.1.4 Security-Related mysqld Options and Variables">
       Section 8.1.4, “Security-Related mysqld Options and Variables”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      SSL-related options: See
      <a class="xref" href="connection-options.html#encrypted-connection-options" title="Command Options for Encrypted Connections">
       Command Options for Encrypted Connections
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      Binary log control options: See
      <a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
       Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      Replication-related options: See
      <a class="xref" href="replication-options.html" title="19.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables">
       Section 19.1.6, “Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      Options for loading plugins such as pluggable storage engines:
          See
      <a class="xref" href="plugin-loading.html" title="7.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins">
       Section 7.6.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Plugins”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      Options specific to particular storage engines: See
      <a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
       Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
      </a>
      and
      <a class="xref" href="myisam-start.html" title="18.2.1 MyISAM Startup Options">
       Section 18.2.1, “MyISAM Startup Options”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
   </ul>
  </div>
  <p>
   Some options control the size of buffers or caches. For a given
      buffer, the server might need to allocate internal data
      structures. These structures typically are allocated from the
      total memory allocated to the buffer, and the amount of space
      required might be platform dependent. This means that when you
      assign a value to an option that controls a buffer size, the
      amount of space actually available might differ from the value
      assigned. In some cases, the amount might be less than the value
      assigned. It is also possible that the server adjusts a value
      upward. For example, if you assign a value of 0 to an option for
      which the minimal value is 1024, the server sets the value to
      1024.
  </p>
  <p>
   Values for buffer sizes, lengths, and stack sizes are given in
      bytes unless otherwise specified.
  </p>
  <p>
   Some options take file name values. Unless otherwise specified,
      the default file location is the data directory if the value is a
      relative path name. To specify the location explicitly, use an
      absolute path name. Suppose that the data directory is
   <code class="filename">
    /var/mysql/data
   </code>
   . If a file-valued option is
      given as a relative path name, it is located under
   <code class="filename">
    /var/mysql/data
   </code>
   . If the value is an absolute
      path name, its location is as given by the path name.
  </p>
  <p>
   You can also set the values of server system variables at server
      startup by using variable names as options. To assign a value to a
      server system variable, use an option of the form
   <code class="option">
    --
    <em class="replaceable">
     <code>
      var_name
     </code>
    </em>
    =
    <em class="replaceable">
     <code>
      value
     </code>
    </em>
   </code>
   .
      For example,
   <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_sort_buffer_size">
    <code class="option">
     --sort_buffer_size=384M
    </code>
   </a>
   sets the
   <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_sort_buffer_size">
    <code class="literal">
     sort_buffer_size
    </code>
   </a>
   variable to a
      value of 384MB.
  </p>
  <p>
   When you assign a value to a variable, MySQL might automatically
      correct the value to stay within a given range, or adjust the
      value to the closest permissible value if only certain values are
      permitted.
  </p>
  <p>
   To restrict the maximum value to which a system variable can be
      set at runtime with the
   <a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
    <code class="literal">
     SET
    </code>
   </a>
   statement, specify this maximum by using an option of the form
   <code class="option">
    --maximum-
    <em class="replaceable">
     <code>
      var_name
     </code>
    </em>
    =
    <em class="replaceable">
     <code>
      value
     </code>
    </em>
   </code>
   at server startup.
  </p>
  <p>
   You can change the values of most system variables at runtime with
      the
   <a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
    <code class="literal">
     SET
    </code>
   </a>
   statement. See
   <a class="xref" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
    Section 15.7.6.1, “SET Syntax for Variable Assignment”
   </a>
   .
  </p>
  <p>
   <a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
    Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
   </a>
   , provides a full
      description for all variables, and additional information for
      setting them at server startup and runtime. For information on
      changing system variables, see
   <a class="xref" href="server-configuration.html" title="7.1.1 Configuring the Server">
    Section 7.1.1, “Configuring the Server”
   </a>
   .
  </p>
  <div class="itemizedlist">
   <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_help">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_help">
       <code class="option">
        --help
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -?
      </code>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280407616">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280406128">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for help">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --help
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Display a short help message and exit. Use both the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_verbose">
       <code class="option">
        --verbose
       </code>
      </a>
      and
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_help">
       <code class="option">
        --help
       </code>
      </a>
      options to see the full
          message.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_allow-suspicious-udfs">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_allow-suspicious-udfs">
       <code class="option">
        --allow-suspicious-udfs
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280394528">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280393072">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for allow-suspicious-udfs">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --allow-suspicious-udfs[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option controls whether loadable functions that have only
          an
      <code class="literal">
       xxx
      </code>
      symbol for the main function can be
          loaded. By default, the option is off and only loadable
          functions that have at least one auxiliary symbol can be
          loaded; this prevents attempts at loading functions from
          shared object files other than those containing legitimate
          functions. See
      <a class="ulink" href="/doc/extending-mysql/8.4/en/adding-loadable-function.html#loadable-function-security" target="_top">
       Loadable Function Security Precautions
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_ansi">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_ansi">
       <code class="option">
        --ansi
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280377120">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280375632">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for ansi">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --ansi
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Use standard (ANSI) SQL syntax instead of MySQL syntax. For
          more precise control over the server SQL mode, use the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_sql-mode">
       <code class="option">
        --sql-mode
       </code>
      </a>
      option instead. See
      <a class="xref" href="compatibility.html" title="1.7 MySQL Standards Compliance">
       Section 1.7, “MySQL Standards Compliance”
      </a>
      , and
      <a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
       Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280365072">
      </a>
      <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280363584">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_basedir">
       <code class="option">
        --basedir=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          dir_name
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_basedir">
       <code class="option">
        -b
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          dir_name
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for basedir">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --basedir=dir_name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_basedir">
            basedir
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Directory name
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           parent of mysqld installation directory
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      The path to the MySQL installation directory. This option sets
          the
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_basedir">
       <code class="literal">
        basedir
       </code>
      </a>
      system variable.
     </p>
     <p>
      The server executable determines its own full path name at
          startup and uses the parent of the directory in which it is
          located as the default
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_basedir">
       <code class="literal">
        basedir
       </code>
      </a>
      value. This in turn
          enables the server to use that
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_basedir">
       <code class="literal">
        basedir
       </code>
      </a>
      when searching for
          server-related information such as the
      <code class="filename">
       share
      </code>
      directory containing error
          messages.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_chroot">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_chroot">
       <code class="option">
        --chroot=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          dir_name
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -r
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         dir_name
        </code>
       </em>
      </code>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280330400">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280328912">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for chroot">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --chroot=dir_name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Directory name
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Put the
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      server in a closed
          environment during startup by using the
      <code class="literal">
       chroot()
      </code>
      system call. This is a recommended
          security measure. Use of this option somewhat limits
      <a class="link" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        LOAD DATA
       </code>
      </a>
      and
      <a class="link" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        SELECT ... INTO
          OUTFILE
       </code>
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_console">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_console">
       <code class="option">
        --console
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280312800">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280311312">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for console">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --console
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Platform Specific
         </th>
         <td>
          Windows
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      (Windows only.) Cause the default error log destination to be
          the console. This affects log sinks that base their own output
          destination on the default destination. See
      <a class="xref" href="error-log.html" title="7.4.2 The Error Log">
       Section 7.4.2, “The Error Log”
      </a>
      .
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      does
          not close the console window if this option is used.
     </p>
     <p>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_console">
       <code class="option">
        --console
       </code>
      </a>
      takes precedence over
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-error">
       <code class="option">
        --log-error
       </code>
      </a>
      if both are given.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_core-file">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_core-file">
       <code class="option">
        --core-file
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280295264">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280293776">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for core-file">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --core-file
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      When this option is used, write a core file if
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      dies; no arguments are needed (or
          accepted). The name and location of the core file is system
          dependent. On Linux, a core file named
      <code class="filename">
       core.
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         pid
        </code>
       </em>
      </code>
      is
          written to the current working directory of the process, which
          for
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      is the data directory.
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        pid
       </code>
      </em>
      represents the process ID of
          the server process. On macOS, a core file named
      <code class="filename">
       core.
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         pid
        </code>
       </em>
      </code>
      is
          written to the
      <code class="filename">
       /cores
      </code>
      directory. On
          Solaris, use the
      <span class="command">
       <strong>
        coreadm
       </strong>
      </span>
      command to specify
          where to write the core file and how to name it.
     </p>
     <p>
      For some systems, to get a core file you must also specify the
      <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html#option_mysqld_safe_core-file-size">
       <code class="option">
        --core-file-size
       </code>
      </a>
      option to
      <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="6.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld_safe
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      . See
      <a class="xref" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="6.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script">
       Section 6.3.2, “mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script”
      </a>
      . On some systems, such as
          Solaris, you do not get a core file if you are also using the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_user">
       <code class="option">
        --user
       </code>
      </a>
      option. There might be
          additional restrictions or limitations. For example, it might
          be necessary to execute
      <span class="command">
       <strong>
        ulimit -c unlimited
       </strong>
      </span>
      before starting the server. Consult your system documentation.
     </p>
     <p>
      The
      <a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_buffer_pool_in_core_file">
       <code class="literal">
        innodb_buffer_pool_in_core_file
       </code>
      </a>
      variable can be used to reduce the size of core files on
          operating systems that support it. For more information, see
      <a class="xref" href="innodb-buffer-pool-in-core-file.html" title="17.8.3.7 Excluding or Including Buffer Pool Pages from Core Files">
       Section 17.8.3.7, “Excluding or Including Buffer Pool Pages from Core Files”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_daemonize">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_daemonize">
       <code class="option">
        --daemonize
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -D
      </code>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280269200">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280267712">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280266224">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for daemonize">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --daemonize[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option causes the server to run as a traditional, forking
          daemon, permitting it to work with operating systems that use
          systemd for process control. For more information, see
      <a class="xref" href="using-systemd.html" title="2.5.9 Managing MySQL Server with systemd">
       Section 2.5.9, “Managing MySQL Server with systemd”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_daemonize">
       <code class="option">
        --daemonize
       </code>
      </a>
      is mutually
          exclusive with
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize">
       <code class="option">
        --initialize
       </code>
      </a>
      and
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize-insecure">
       <code class="option">
        --initialize-insecure
       </code>
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      If the server is started using the
      <code class="option">
       --daemonize
      </code>
      option and is not connected to a
          tty device, a default error logging option of
      <code class="option">
       --log-error=""
      </code>
      is used in the absence of an
          explicit logging option, to direct error output to the default
          log file.
     </p>
     <p>
      <code class="option">
       -D
      </code>
      is a synonym for
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_daemonize">
       <code class="option">
        --daemonize
       </code>
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280246144">
      </a>
      <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280244656">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_datadir">
       <code class="option">
        --datadir=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          dir_name
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -h
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         dir_name
        </code>
       </em>
      </code>
     </p>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for datadir">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --datadir=dir_name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_datadir">
            datadir
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Directory name
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      The path to the MySQL server data directory. This option sets
          the
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_datadir">
       <code class="literal">
        datadir
       </code>
      </a>
      system variable.
          See the description of that variable.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_debug">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_debug">
       <code class="option">
        --debug[=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          debug_options
         </code>
        </em>
        ]
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -# [
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         debug_options
        </code>
       </em>
       ]
      </code>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280218336">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280216848">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for debug">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --debug[=debug_options]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_debug">
            debug
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global, Session
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          String
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value (Unix)
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           d:t:i:o,/tmp/mysqld.trace
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value (Windows)
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           d:t:i:O,\mysqld.trace
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      If MySQL is configured with the
      <a class="link" href="source-configuration-options.html#option_cmake_with_debug">
       <code class="option">
        -DWITH_DEBUG=1
       </code>
      </a>
      <span class="command">
       <strong>
        CMake
       </strong>
      </span>
      option, you can use this option to
          get a trace file of what
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      is doing. A
          typical
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        debug_options
       </code>
      </em>
      string is
      <code class="literal">
       d:t:o,
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         file_name
        </code>
       </em>
      </code>
      .
          The default is
      <code class="literal">
       d:t:i:o,/tmp/mysqld.trace
      </code>
      on
          Unix and
      <code class="literal">
       d:t:i:O,\mysqld.trace
      </code>
      on Windows.
     </p>
     <p>
      Using
      <a class="link" href="source-configuration-options.html#option_cmake_with_debug">
       <code class="option">
        -DWITH_DEBUG=1
       </code>
      </a>
      to
          configure MySQL with debugging support enables you to use the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_debug">
       <code class="option">
        --debug="d,parser_debug"
       </code>
      </a>
      option
          when you start the server. This causes the Bison parser that
          is used to process SQL statements to dump a parser trace to
          the server's standard error output. Typically, this output is
          written to the error log.
     </p>
     <p>
      This option may be given multiple times. Values that begin
          with
      <code class="literal">
       +
      </code>
      or
      <code class="literal">
       -
      </code>
      are added to
          or subtracted from the previous value. For example,
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_debug">
       <code class="option">
        --debug=T
       </code>
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_debug">
       <code class="option">
        --debug=+P
       </code>
      </a>
      sets the value to
      <code class="literal">
       P:T
      </code>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      For more information, see
      <a class="xref" href="dbug-package.html" title="7.9.4 The DBUG Package">
       Section 7.9.4, “The DBUG Package”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_debug-sync-timeout">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_debug-sync-timeout">
       <code class="option">
        --debug-sync-timeout[=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          N
         </code>
        </em>
        ]
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280175376">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280173920">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for debug-sync-timeout">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --debug-sync-timeout[=#]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Integer
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Controls whether the Debug Sync facility for testing and
          debugging is enabled. Use of Debug Sync requires that MySQL be
          configured with the
      <a class="link" href="source-configuration-options.html#option_cmake_with_debug">
       <code class="option">
        -DWITH_DEBUG=ON
       </code>
      </a>
      <span class="command">
       <strong>
        CMake
       </strong>
      </span>
      option (see
      <a class="xref" href="source-configuration-options.html" title="2.8.7 MySQL Source-Configuration Options">
       Section 2.8.7, “MySQL Source-Configuration Options”
      </a>
      ); otherwise,
          this option is not available. The option value is a timeout in
          seconds. The default value is 0, which disables Debug Sync. To
          enable it, specify a value greater than 0; this value also
          becomes the default timeout for individual synchronization
          points. If the option is given without a value, the timeout is
          set to 300 seconds.
     </p>
     <p>
      For a description of the Debug Sync facility and how to use
          synchronization points, see
      <a class="ulink" href="/doc/internals/en/test-synchronization.html" target="_top">
       MySQL
          Internals: Test Synchronization
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_default-time-zone">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_default-time-zone">
       <code class="option">
        --default-time-zone=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          timezone
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280157728">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280156272">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for default-time-zone">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --default-time-zone=name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          String
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Set the default server time zone. This option sets the global
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_time_zone">
       <code class="literal">
        time_zone
       </code>
      </a>
      system variable. If
          this option is not given, the default time zone is the same as
          the system time zone (given by the value of the
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_system_time_zone">
       <code class="literal">
        system_time_zone
       </code>
      </a>
      system
          variable.
     </p>
     <p>
      The
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_system_time_zone">
       <code class="literal">
        system_time_zone
       </code>
      </a>
      variable
          differs from
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_time_zone">
       <code class="literal">
        time_zone
       </code>
      </a>
      .
          Although they might have the same value, the latter variable
          is used to initialize the time zone for each client that
          connects. See
      <a class="xref" href="time-zone-support.html" title="7.1.15 MySQL Server Time Zone Support">
       Section 7.1.15, “MySQL Server Time Zone Support”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_defaults-extra-file">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_defaults-extra-file">
       <code class="option">
        --defaults-extra-file=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          file_name
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280137904">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280136448">
     </a>
     <p>
      Read this option file after the global option file but (on
          Unix) before the user option file. If the file does not exist
          or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. If
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        file_name
       </code>
      </em>
      is not an absolute path
          name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory.
          This must be the first option on the command line if it is
          used.
     </p>
     <p>
      For additional information about this and other option-file
          options, see
      <a class="xref" href="option-file-options.html" title="6.2.2.3 Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling">
       Section 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_defaults-file">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_defaults-file">
       <code class="option">
        --defaults-file=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          file_name
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280130016">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280128528">
     </a>
     <p>
      Read only the given option file. If the file does not exist or
          is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. If
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        file_name
       </code>
      </em>
      is not an absolute path
          name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory.
     </p>
     <p>
      Exception: Even with
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_defaults-file">
       <code class="option">
        --defaults-file
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      reads
      <code class="filename">
       mysqld-auto.cnf
      </code>
      .
     </p>
     <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
      <div class="admon-title">
       Note
      </div>
      <p>
       This must be the first option on the command line if it is
            used, except that if the server is started with the
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_defaults-file">
        <code class="option">
         --defaults-file
        </code>
       </a>
       and
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_install">
        <code class="option">
         --install
        </code>
       </a>
       (or
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_install-manual">
        <code class="option">
         --install-manual
        </code>
       </a>
       ) options,
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_install">
        <code class="option">
         --install
        </code>
       </a>
       (or
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_install-manual">
        <code class="option">
         --install-manual
        </code>
       </a>
       ) must be
            first.
      </p>
     </div>
     <p>
      For additional information about this and other option-file
          options, see
      <a class="xref" href="option-file-options.html" title="6.2.2.3 Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling">
       Section 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_defaults-group-suffix">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_defaults-group-suffix">
       <code class="option">
        --defaults-group-suffix=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          str
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280113216">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280111712">
     </a>
     <p>
      Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with
          the usual names and a suffix of
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        str
       </code>
      </em>
      . For example,
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      normally reads the
      <code class="literal">
       [mysqld]
      </code>
      group. If this option is given as
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_defaults-group-suffix">
       <code class="option">
        --defaults-group-suffix=_other
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      also reads the
      <code class="literal">
       [mysqld_other]
      </code>
      group.
     </p>
     <p>
      For additional information about this and other option-file
          options, see
      <a class="xref" href="option-file-options.html" title="6.2.2.3 Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling">
       Section 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_early-plugin-load">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_early-plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --early-plugin-load=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          plugin_list
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280100576">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280099120">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for early-plugin-load">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --early-plugin-load=plugin_list
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          String
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           empty string
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option tells the server which plugins to load before
          loading mandatory built-in plugins and before storage engine
          initialization. Early loading is supported only for plugins
          compiled with
      <code class="option">
       PLUGIN_OPT_ALLOW_EARLY
      </code>
      . If
          multiple
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_early-plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --early-plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      options are given, only the last one applies.
     </p>
     <p>
      The option value is a semicolon-separated list of
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        plugin_library
       </code>
      </em>
      and
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        name
       </code>
      </em>
      <code class="literal">
       =
      </code>
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        plugin_library
       </code>
      </em>
      values. Each
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        plugin_library
       </code>
      </em>
      is the
          name of a library file that contains plugin code, and each
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        name
       </code>
      </em>
      is the name of a plugin to
          load. If a plugin library is named without any preceding
          plugin name, the server loads all plugins in the library. With
          a preceding plugin name, the server loads only the named
          plugin from the library. The server looks for plugin library
          files in the directory named by the
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_plugin_dir">
       <code class="literal">
        plugin_dir
       </code>
      </a>
      system variable.
     </p>
     <p>
      For example, if plugins named
      <code class="literal">
       myplug1
      </code>
      and
      <code class="literal">
       myplug2
      </code>
      are contained in the plugin library
          files
      <code class="filename">
       myplug1.so
      </code>
      and
      <code class="filename">
       myplug2.so
      </code>
      , use this option to perform an
          early plugin load:
     </p>
     <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
      <pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa28816499"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">mysqld <span class="token constant">--early-plugin-load</span>=<span class="token atrule">"myplug1=myplug1.so;myplug2=myplug2.so"</span></code></pre>
     </div>
     <p>
      Quotes surround the argument value because otherwise some
          command interpreters interpret semicolon
          (
      <code class="literal">
       ;
      </code>
      ) as a special character. (For example,
          Unix shells treat it as a command terminator.)
     </p>
     <p>
      Each named plugin is loaded early for a single invocation of
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      only. After a restart, the plugin is
          not loaded early unless
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_early-plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --early-plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      is used
          again.
     </p>
     <p>
      If the server is started using
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize">
       <code class="option">
        --initialize
       </code>
      </a>
      or
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize-insecure">
       <code class="option">
        --initialize-insecure
       </code>
      </a>
      , plugins
          specified by
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_early-plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --early-plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      are not
          loaded.
     </p>
     <p>
      If the server is run with
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_help">
       <code class="option">
        --help
       </code>
      </a>
      , plugins specified by
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_early-plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --early-plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      are loaded
          but not initialized. This behavior ensures that plugin options
          are displayed in the help message.
     </p>
     <p>
      <code class="literal">
       InnoDB
      </code>
      tablespace encryption relies on the
          MySQL Keyring for encryption key management, and the keyring
          plugin to be used must be loaded prior to storage engine
          initialization to facilitate
      <code class="literal">
       InnoDB
      </code>
      recovery for encrypted tables. For example, administrators who
          want the
      <code class="literal">
       keyring_okv
      </code>
      plugin loaded at
          startup should use
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_early-plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --early-plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      with the
          appropriate option value (such as
      <code class="literal">
       keyring_okv.so
      </code>
      on Unix and Unix-like
          systems or
      <code class="literal">
       keyring_okv.dll
      </code>
      on Windows).
     </p>
     <p>
      For information about
      <code class="literal">
       InnoDB
      </code>
      tablespace
          encryption, see
      <a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
       Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
      </a>
      . For
          general information about plugin loading, see
      <a class="xref" href="plugin-loading.html" title="7.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins">
       Section 7.6.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Plugins”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
      <div class="admon-title">
       Note
      </div>
      <p>
       For MySQL Keyring, this option is used only when the
            keystore is managed with a keyring plugin. If keystore
            management uses a keyring component rather than a plugin,
            specify component loading using a manifest file; see
       <a class="xref" href="keyring-component-installation.html" title="8.4.4.2 Keyring Component Installation">
        Section 8.4.4.2, “Keyring Component Installation”
       </a>
       .
      </p>
     </div>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_exit-info">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_exit-info">
       <code class="option">
        --exit-info[=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          flags
         </code>
        </em>
        ]
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -T [
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         flags
        </code>
       </em>
       ]
      </code>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280052736">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280051248">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for exit-info">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --exit-info[=flags]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Integer
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This is a bitmask of different flags that you can use for
          debugging the
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      server. Do not use
          this option unless you know
      <span class="emphasis">
       <em>
        exactly
       </em>
      </span>
      what
          it does!
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_external-locking">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_external-locking">
       <code class="option">
        --external-locking
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280037712">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280036640">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280035152">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280033664">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for external-locking">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --external-locking[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Enable external locking (system locking), which is disabled by
          default. If you use this option on a system on which
      <code class="literal">
       lockd
      </code>
      does not fully work (such as Linux),
          it is easy for
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      to deadlock.
     </p>
     <p>
      To disable external locking explicitly, use
      <code class="option">
       --skip-external-locking
      </code>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      External locking affects only
      <a class="link" href="myisam-storage-engine.html" title="18.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine">
       <code class="literal">
        MyISAM
       </code>
      </a>
      table access. For more
          information, including conditions under which it can and
          cannot be used, see
      <a class="xref" href="external-locking.html" title="10.11.5 External Locking">
       Section 10.11.5, “External Locking”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_flush">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_flush">
       <code class="option">
        --flush
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280013936">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045280012448">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for flush">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --flush[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_flush">
            flush
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Flush (synchronize) all changes to disk after each SQL
          statement. Normally, MySQL does a write of all changes to disk
          only after each SQL statement and lets the operating system
          handle the synchronizing to disk. See
      <a class="xref" href="crashing.html" title="B.3.3.3 What to Do If MySQL Keeps Crashing">
       Section B.3.3.3, “What to Do If MySQL Keeps Crashing”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
      <div class="admon-title">
       Note
      </div>
      <p>
       If
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_flush">
        <code class="option">
         --flush
        </code>
       </a>
       is specified, the
            value of
       <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_flush_time">
        <code class="literal">
         flush_time
        </code>
       </a>
       does
            not matter and changes to
       <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_flush_time">
        <code class="literal">
         flush_time
        </code>
       </a>
       have no effect
            on flush behavior.
      </p>
     </div>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_gdb">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_gdb">
       <code class="option">
        --gdb
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279982880">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279981392">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for gdb">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --gdb[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Install an interrupt handler for
      <code class="literal">
       SIGINT
      </code>
      (needed to stop
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      with
      <code class="literal">
       ^C
      </code>
      to set breakpoints) and disable stack
          tracing and core file handling. See
      <a class="xref" href="using-gdb-on-mysqld.html" title="7.9.1.4 Debugging mysqld under gdb">
       Section 7.9.1.4, “Debugging mysqld under gdb”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      On Windows, this option also suppresses the forking that is
          used to implement the
      <a class="link" href="restart.html" title="15.7.8.8 RESTART Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        RESTART
       </code>
      </a>
      statement: Forking enables one process to act as a monitor to
          the other, which acts as the server. However, forking makes
          determining the server process to attach to for debugging more
          difficult, so starting the server with
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_gdb">
       <code class="option">
        --gdb
       </code>
      </a>
      suppresses forking. For a
          server started with this option,
      <a class="link" href="restart.html" title="15.7.8.8 RESTART Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        RESTART
       </code>
      </a>
      simply exits and does
          not restart.
     </p>
     <p>
      In non-debug settings,
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_no-monitor">
       <code class="option">
        --no-monitor
       </code>
      </a>
      may be used to
          suppress forking the monitor process.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_initialize">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize">
       <code class="option">
        --initialize
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -I
      </code>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279957664">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279956176">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for initialize">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --initialize[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option is used to initialize a MySQL installation by
          creating the data directory and populating the tables in the
      <code class="literal">
       mysql
      </code>
      system schema. For more information,
          see
      <a class="xref" href="data-directory-initialization.html" title="2.9.1 Initializing the Data Directory">
       Section 2.9.1, “Initializing the Data Directory”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      This option limits the effects of, or is not compatible with,
          a number of other startup options for the MySQL server. Some
          of the most common issues of this sort are noted here:
     </p>
     <div class="itemizedlist">
      <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         We strongly recommend, when initializing the data
              directory with
         <code class="option">
          --initialize
         </code>
         , that you
              specify no additional options other than
         <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_datadir">
          <code class="option">
           --datadir
          </code>
         </a>
         , other options
              used for setting directory locations such as
         <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_basedir">
          <code class="option">
           --basedir
          </code>
         </a>
         , and possibly
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_user">
          <code class="option">
           --user
          </code>
         </a>
         , if required.
              Options for the running MySQL server can be specified when
              starting it once initialization has been completed and
         <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
          <span class="command">
           <strong>
            mysqld
           </strong>
          </span>
         </a>
         has shut down. This also applies
              when using
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize-insecure">
          <code class="option">
           --initialize-insecure
          </code>
         </a>
         instead of
         <code class="option">
          --initialize
         </code>
         .
        </p>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         When the server is started with
         <code class="option">
          --initialize
         </code>
         , some functionality is
              unavailable that limits the statements permitted in any
              file named by the
         <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_init_file">
          <code class="literal">
           init_file
          </code>
         </a>
         system
              variable. For more information, see the description of
              that variable. In addition, the
         <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_disabled_storage_engines">
          <code class="literal">
           disabled_storage_engines
          </code>
         </a>
         system variable has no effect.
        </p>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         The
         <a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndbcluster">
          <code class="option">
           --ndbcluster
          </code>
         </a>
         option is
              ignored when used together with
         <code class="option">
          --initialize
         </code>
         .
        </p>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         <code class="option">
          --initialize
         </code>
         is mutually exclusive with
         <a class="ulink" href="/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-options.html#option_mysqld_bootstrap" target="_top">
          <code class="option">
           --bootstrap
          </code>
         </a>
         and
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_daemonize">
          <code class="option">
           --daemonize
          </code>
         </a>
         .
        </p>
       </li>
      </ul>
     </div>
     <p>
      The items in the preceding list also apply when initializing
          the server using the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize-insecure">
       <code class="option">
        --initialize-insecure
       </code>
      </a>
      option.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_initialize-insecure">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize-insecure">
       <code class="option">
        --initialize-insecure
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279921200">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279919744">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for initialize-insecure">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --initialize-insecure[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option is used to initialize a MySQL installation by
          creating the data directory and populating the tables in the
      <code class="literal">
       mysql
      </code>
      system schema. This option implies
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize">
       <code class="option">
        --initialize
       </code>
      </a>
      , and the same
          restrictions and limitations apply; for more information, see
          the description of that option, and
      <a class="xref" href="data-directory-initialization.html" title="2.9.1 Initializing the Data Directory">
       Section 2.9.1, “Initializing the Data Directory”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
      <div class="admon-title">
       Warning
      </div>
      <p>
       This option creates a MySQL
       <code class="literal">
        root
       </code>
       user
            with an empty password, which is insecure. For this reason,
            do not use it in production without setting this password
            manually. See
       <a class="xref" href="data-directory-initialization.html#data-directory-initialization-password-assignment" title="Post-Initialization root Password Assignment">
        Post-Initialization root Password Assignment
       </a>
       ,
            for information about how to do this.
      </p>
     </div>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <code class="option">
       --innodb-
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         xxx
        </code>
       </em>
      </code>
     </p>
     <p>
      Set an option for the
      <code class="literal">
       InnoDB
      </code>
      storage
          engine. The
      <code class="literal">
       InnoDB
      </code>
      options are listed in
      <a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
       Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_install">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_install">
       <code class="option">
        --install
          [
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          service_name
         </code>
        </em>
        ]
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279896048">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279894560">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for install">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --install [service_name]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Platform Specific
         </th>
         <td>
          Windows
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      (Windows only) Install the server as a Windows service that
          starts automatically during Windows startup. The default
          service name is
      <code class="literal">
       MySQL
      </code>
      if no
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        service_name
       </code>
      </em>
      value is given. For
          more information, see
      <a class="xref" href="windows-start-service.html" title="2.3.3.8 Starting MySQL as a Windows Service">
       Section 2.3.3.8, “Starting MySQL as a Windows Service”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
      <div class="admon-title">
       Note
      </div>
      <p>
       If the server is started with the
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_defaults-file">
        <code class="option">
         --defaults-file
        </code>
       </a>
       and
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_install">
        <code class="option">
         --install
        </code>
       </a>
       options,
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_install">
        <code class="option">
         --install
        </code>
       </a>
       must be first.
      </p>
     </div>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_install-manual">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_install-manual">
       <code class="option">
        --install-manual
          [
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          service_name
         </code>
        </em>
        ]
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279876672">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279875184">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for install-manual">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --install-manual [service_name]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Platform Specific
         </th>
         <td>
          Windows
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      (Windows only) Install the server as a Windows service that
          must be started manually. It does not start automatically
          during Windows startup. The default service name is
      <code class="literal">
       MySQL
      </code>
      if no
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        service_name
       </code>
      </em>
      value is given. For
          more information, see
      <a class="xref" href="windows-start-service.html" title="2.3.3.8 Starting MySQL as a Windows Service">
       Section 2.3.3.8, “Starting MySQL as a Windows Service”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
      <div class="admon-title">
       Note
      </div>
      <p>
       If the server is started with the
       <a class="link" href="option-file-options.html#option_general_defaults-file">
        <code class="option">
         --defaults-file
        </code>
       </a>
       and
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_install-manual">
        <code class="option">
         --install-manual
        </code>
       </a>
       options,
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_install-manual">
        <code class="option">
         --install-manual
        </code>
       </a>
       must be
            first.
      </p>
     </div>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_large-pages">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_large-pages">
       <code class="option">
        --large-pages
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279857552">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279856064">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for large-pages">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --large-pages[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_large_pages">
            large_pages
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Platform Specific
         </th>
         <td>
          Linux
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Some hardware/operating system architectures support memory
          pages greater than the default (usually 4KB). The actual
          implementation of this support depends on the underlying
          hardware and operating system. Applications that perform a lot
          of memory accesses may obtain performance improvements by
          using large pages due to reduced Translation Lookaside Buffer
          (TLB) misses.
     </p>
     <p>
      MySQL supports the Linux implementation of large page support
          (which is called HugeTLB in Linux). See
      <a class="xref" href="large-page-support.html" title="10.12.3.3 Enabling Large Page Support">
       Section 10.12.3.3, “Enabling Large Page Support”
      </a>
      . For Solaris support of
          large pages, see the description of the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_super-large-pages">
       <code class="option">
        --super-large-pages
       </code>
      </a>
      option.
     </p>
     <p>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_large-pages">
       <code class="option">
        --large-pages
       </code>
      </a>
      is disabled by
          default.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_lc-messages">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_lc-messages">
       <code class="option">
        --lc-messages=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          locale_name
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279824736">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279823248">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for lc-messages">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --lc-messages=name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_lc_messages">
            lc_messages
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global, Session
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          String
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           en_US
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      The locale to use for error messages. The default is
      <code class="literal">
       en_US
      </code>
      . The server converts the argument to
          a language name and combines it with the value of
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_lc-messages-dir">
       <code class="option">
        --lc-messages-dir
       </code>
      </a>
      to produce
          the location for the error message file. See
      <a class="xref" href="error-message-language.html" title="12.12 Setting the Error Message Language">
       Section 12.12, “Setting the Error Message Language”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_lc-messages-dir">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_lc-messages-dir">
       <code class="option">
        --lc-messages-dir=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          dir_name
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279796016">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279794528">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for lc-messages-dir">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --lc-messages-dir=dir_name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_lc_messages_dir">
            lc_messages_dir
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Directory name
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      The directory where error messages are located. The server
          uses the value together with the value of
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_lc-messages">
       <code class="option">
        --lc-messages
       </code>
      </a>
      to produce the
          location for the error message file. See
      <a class="xref" href="error-message-language.html" title="12.12 Setting the Error Message Language">
       Section 12.12, “Setting the Error Message Language”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_local-service">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_local-service">
       <code class="option">
        --local-service
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279770960">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279769472">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for local-service">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --local-service
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      (Windows only) A
      <code class="option">
       --local-service
      </code>
      option
          following the service name causes the server to run using the
      <code class="literal">
       LocalService
      </code>
      Windows account that has
          limited system privileges. If both
      <a class="link" href="option-file-options.html#option_general_defaults-file">
       <code class="option">
        --defaults-file
       </code>
      </a>
      and
      <code class="option">
       --local-service
      </code>
      are given following the
          service name, they can be in any order. See
      <a class="xref" href="windows-start-service.html" title="2.3.3.8 Starting MySQL as a Windows Service">
       Section 2.3.3.8, “Starting MySQL as a Windows Service”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_log-error">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-error">
       <code class="option">
        --log-error[=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          file_name
         </code>
        </em>
        ]
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279756032">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279754544">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for log-error">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --log-error[=file_name]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_log_error">
            log_error
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          File name
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Set the default error log destination to the named file. This
          affects log sinks that base their own output destination on
          the default destination. See
      <a class="xref" href="error-log.html" title="7.4.2 The Error Log">
       Section 7.4.2, “The Error Log”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      If the option names no file, the default error log destination
          on Unix and Unix-like systems is a file named
      <code class="filename">
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         host_name
        </code>
       </em>
       .err
      </code>
      in the data directory. The default destination on Windows is
          the same, unless the
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_pid_file">
       <code class="option">
        --pid-file
       </code>
      </a>
      option is specified. In that case, the file name is the PID
          file base name with a suffix of
      <code class="filename">
       .err
      </code>
      in
          the data directory.
     </p>
     <p>
      If the option names a file, the default destination is that
          file (with an
      <code class="filename">
       .err
      </code>
      suffix added if the
          name has no suffix), located under the data directory unless
          an absolute path name is given to specify a different
          location.
     </p>
     <p>
      If error log output cannot be redirected to the error log
          file, an error occurs and startup fails.
     </p>
     <p>
      On Windows,
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_console">
       <code class="option">
        --console
       </code>
      </a>
      takes
          precedence over
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-error">
       <code class="option">
        --log-error
       </code>
      </a>
      if
          both are given. In this case, the default error log
          destination is the console rather than a file.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_log-isam">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-isam">
       <code class="option">
        --log-isam[=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          file_name
         </code>
        </em>
        ]
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279723760">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279722272">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for log-isam">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --log-isam[=file_name]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          File name
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Log all
      <code class="literal">
       MyISAM
      </code>
      changes to this file (used
          only when debugging
      <code class="literal">
       MyISAM
      </code>
      ).
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_log-raw">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-raw">
       <code class="option">
        --log-raw
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279709200">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279707712">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for log-raw">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --log-raw[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_log_raw">
            log_raw
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Passwords in certain statements written to the general query
          log, slow query log, and binary log are rewritten by the
          server not to occur literally in plain text. Password
          rewriting can be suppressed for the general query log by
          starting the server with the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-raw">
       <code class="option">
        --log-raw
       </code>
      </a>
      option. This option
          may be useful for diagnostic purposes, to see the exact text
          of statements as received by the server, but for security
          reasons is not recommended for production use.
     </p>
     <p>
      If a query rewrite plugin is installed, the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-raw">
       <code class="option">
        --log-raw
       </code>
      </a>
      option affects
          statement logging as follows:
     </p>
     <div class="itemizedlist">
      <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         Without
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-raw">
          <code class="option">
           --log-raw
          </code>
         </a>
         , the
              server logs the statement returned by the query rewrite
              plugin. This may differ from the statement as received.
        </p>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         With
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-raw">
          <code class="option">
           --log-raw
          </code>
         </a>
         , the server
              logs the original statement as received.
        </p>
       </li>
      </ul>
     </div>
     <p>
      For more information, see
      <a class="xref" href="password-logging.html" title="8.1.2.3 Passwords and Logging">
       Section 8.1.2.3, “Passwords and Logging”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_log-short-format">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-short-format">
       <code class="option">
        --log-short-format
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279675024">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279673536">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for log-short-format">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --log-short-format[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Log less information to the slow query log, if it has been
          activated.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_log-tc">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-tc">
       <code class="option">
        --log-tc=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          file_name
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279659248">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279657760">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for log-tc">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --log-tc=file_name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          File name
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           tc.log
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      The name of the memory-mapped transaction coordinator log file
          (for XA transactions that affect multiple storage engines when
          the binary log is disabled). The default name is
      <code class="filename">
       tc.log
      </code>
      . The file is created under the
          data directory if not given as a full path name. This option
          is unused.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_log-tc-size">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-tc-size">
       <code class="option">
        --log-tc-size=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          size
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279642352">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279640864">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for log-tc-size">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --log-tc-size=#
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Integer
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           6 * page size
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Minimum Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           6 * page size
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Maximum Value (64-bit platforms)
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           18446744073709551615
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Maximum Value (32-bit platforms)
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           4294967295
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      The size in bytes of the memory-mapped transaction coordinator
          log. The default and minimum values are 6 times the page size,
          and the value must be a multiple of the page size.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_memlock">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_memlock">
       <code class="option">
        --memlock
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279619280">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279617792">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for memlock">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --memlock[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Lock the
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      process in memory. This
          option might help if you have a problem where the operating
          system is causing
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      to swap to disk.
     </p>
     <p>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_memlock">
       <code class="option">
        --memlock
       </code>
      </a>
      works on systems that
          support the
      <code class="literal">
       mlockall()
      </code>
      system call; this
          includes Solaris, most Linux distributions that use a 2.4 or
          higher kernel, and perhaps other Unix systems. On Linux
          systems, you can tell whether or not
      <code class="literal">
       mlockall()
      </code>
      (and thus this option) is
          supported by checking to see whether or not it is defined in
          the system
      <code class="filename">
       mman.h
      </code>
      file, like this:
     </p>
     <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
      <pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa63678046"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$&gt; </span><span class="token command">grep</span> mlockall /usr/include/sys/mman<span class="token punctuation">.</span>h</code></pre>
     </div>
     <p>
      If
      <code class="literal">
       mlockall()
      </code>
      is supported, you should see
          in the output of the previous command something like the
          following:
     </p>
     <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
      <pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa87590147"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">extern int mlockall <span class="token punctuation">(</span>int __flags<span class="token punctuation">)</span> __THROW<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
     </div>
     <div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
      <div class="admon-title">
       Important
      </div>
      <p>
       Use of this option may require you to run the server as
       <code class="literal">
        root
       </code>
       , which, for reasons of security, is
            normally not a good idea. See
       <a class="xref" href="changing-mysql-user.html" title="8.1.5 How to Run MySQL as a Normal User">
        Section 8.1.5, “How to Run MySQL as a Normal User”
       </a>
       .
      </p>
      <p>
       On Linux and perhaps other systems, you can avoid the need
            to run the server as
       <code class="literal">
        root
       </code>
       by changing the
       <code class="filename">
        limits.conf
       </code>
       file. See the notes
            regarding the memlock limit in
       <a class="xref" href="large-page-support.html" title="10.12.3.3 Enabling Large Page Support">
        Section 10.12.3.3, “Enabling Large Page Support”
       </a>
       .
      </p>
      <p>
       You must not use this option on a system that does not
            support the
       <code class="literal">
        mlockall()
       </code>
       system call; if
            you do so,
       <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
        <span class="command">
         <strong>
          mysqld
         </strong>
        </span>
       </a>
       is very likely to exit
            as soon as you try to start it.
      </p>
     </div>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_myisam-block-size">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_myisam-block-size">
       <code class="option">
        --myisam-block-size=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          N
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279585568">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279584112">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for myisam-block-size">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --myisam-block-size=#
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Integer
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           1024
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Minimum Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           1024
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Maximum Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           16384
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      The block size to be used for
      <code class="literal">
       MyISAM
      </code>
      index
          pages.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_mysql-native-password">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_mysql-native-password">
       <code class="option">
        --mysql-native-password
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279564272">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279562816">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for mysql-native-password">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --mysql-native-password={OFF|ON}
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Deprecated
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Enable the
      <code class="literal">
       mysql_native_password
      </code>
      authentication plugin, which is disabled by default in MySQL
          8.4.
     </p>
     <p>
      For more information, see
      <a class="xref" href="native-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.1 Native Pluggable Authentication">
       Section 8.4.1.1, “Native Pluggable Authentication”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_no-defaults">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_no-defaults">
       <code class="option">
        --no-defaults
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279544688">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279543200">
     </a>
     <p>
      Do not read any option files. If program startup fails due to
          reading unknown options from an option file,
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_no-defaults">
       <code class="option">
        --no-defaults
       </code>
      </a>
      can be used to
          prevent them from being read. This must be the first option on
          the command line if it is used.
     </p>
     <p>
      For additional information about this and other option-file
          options, see
      <a class="xref" href="option-file-options.html" title="6.2.2.3 Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling">
       Section 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_no-monitor">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_no-monitor">
       <code class="option">
        --no-monitor
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279536688">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279535200">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for no-monitor">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --no-monitor[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Platform Specific
         </th>
         <td>
          Windows
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      (Windows only). This option suppresses the forking that is
          used to implement the
      <a class="link" href="restart.html" title="15.7.8.8 RESTART Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        RESTART
       </code>
      </a>
      statement: Forking enables one process to act as a monitor to
          the other, which acts as the server. For a server started with
          this option,
      <a class="link" href="restart.html" title="15.7.8.8 RESTART Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        RESTART
       </code>
      </a>
      simply
          exits and does not restart.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <code class="option">
       --performance-schema-xxx
      </code>
     </p>
     <p>
      Configure a Performance Schema option. For details, see
      <a class="xref" href="performance-schema-options.html" title="29.14 Performance Schema Command Options">
       Section 29.14, “Performance Schema Command Options”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_plugin-load">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          plugin_list
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279513536">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279512048">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for plugin-load">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --plugin-load=plugin_list
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          String
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option tells the server to load the named plugins at
          startup. If multiple
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      options are
          given, only the last one applies. Additional plugins to load
          may be specified using
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load-add
       </code>
      </a>
      options.
     </p>
     <p>
      The option value is a semicolon-separated list of
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        plugin_library
       </code>
      </em>
      and
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        name
       </code>
      </em>
      <code class="literal">
       =
      </code>
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        plugin_library
       </code>
      </em>
      values. Each
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        plugin_library
       </code>
      </em>
      is the
          name of a library file that contains plugin code, and each
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        name
       </code>
      </em>
      is the name of a plugin to
          load. If a plugin library is named without any preceding
          plugin name, the server loads all plugins in the library. With
          a preceding plugin name, the server loads only the named
          plugin from the library. The server looks for plugin library
          files in the directory named by the
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_plugin_dir">
       <code class="literal">
        plugin_dir
       </code>
      </a>
      system variable.
     </p>
     <p>
      For example, if plugins named
      <code class="literal">
       myplug1
      </code>
      and
      <code class="literal">
       myplug2
      </code>
      are contained in the plugin library
          files
      <code class="filename">
       myplug1.so
      </code>
      and
      <code class="filename">
       myplug2.so
      </code>
      , use this option to perform an
          early plugin load:
     </p>
     <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
      <pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa26541734"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">mysqld <span class="token constant">--plugin-load</span>=<span class="token atrule">"myplug1=myplug1.so;myplug2=myplug2.so"</span></code></pre>
     </div>
     <p>
      Quotes surround the argument value because otherwise some
          command interpreters interpret semicolon
          (
      <code class="literal">
       ;
      </code>
      ) as a special character. (For example,
          Unix shells treat it as a command terminator.)
     </p>
     <p>
      Each named plugin is loaded for a single invocation of
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      only. After a restart, the plugin is
          not loaded unless
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      is used again. This is in contrast to
      <a class="link" href="install-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.4 INSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        INSTALL PLUGIN
       </code>
      </a>
      , which adds an
          entry to the
      <code class="literal">
       mysql.plugins
      </code>
      table to cause
          the plugin to be loaded for every normal server startup.
     </p>
     <p>
      During the normal startup sequence, the server determines
          which plugins to load by reading the
      <code class="literal">
       mysql.plugins
      </code>
      system table. If the server
          is started with the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
       <code class="option">
        --skip-grant-tables
       </code>
      </a>
      option,
          plugins registered in the
      <code class="literal">
       mysql.plugins
      </code>
      table are not loaded and are unavailable.
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      enables plugins
          to be loaded even when
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
       <code class="option">
        --skip-grant-tables
       </code>
      </a>
      is given.
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      also enables
          plugins to be loaded at startup that cannot be loaded at
          runtime.
     </p>
     <p>
      This option does not set a corresponding system variable. The
          output of
      <a class="link" href="show-plugins.html" title="15.7.7.27 SHOW PLUGINS Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        SHOW PLUGINS
       </code>
      </a>
      provides
          information about loaded plugins. More detailed information
          can be found in the Information Schema
      <a class="link" href="information-schema-plugins-table.html" title="28.3.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table">
       <code class="literal">
        PLUGINS
       </code>
      </a>
      table. See
      <a class="xref" href="obtaining-plugin-information.html" title="7.6.2 Obtaining Server Plugin Information">
       Section 7.6.2, “Obtaining Server Plugin Information”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      For additional information about plugin loading, see
      <a class="xref" href="plugin-loading.html" title="7.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins">
       Section 7.6.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Plugins”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load-add=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          plugin_list
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279470256">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279468768">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for plugin-load-add">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --plugin-load-add=plugin_list
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          String
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option complements the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      option.
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load-add
       </code>
      </a>
      adds a plugin
          or plugins to the set of plugins to be loaded at startup. The
          argument format is the same as for
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      .
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load-add
       </code>
      </a>
      can be used
          to avoid specifying a large set of plugins as a single long
          unwieldy
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      argument.
     </p>
     <p>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load-add
       </code>
      </a>
      can be given
          in the absence of
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      , but any instance
          of
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load-add
       </code>
      </a>
      that
          appears before
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      .
          has no effect because
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-load
       </code>
      </a>
      resets the set of
          plugins to load. In other words, these options:
     </p>
     <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
      <pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa27421259"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token constant">--plugin-load</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>x</span> <span class="token constant">--plugin-load-add</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>y</span></code></pre>
     </div>
     <p>
      are equivalent to this option:
     </p>
     <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
      <pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa4221786"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token constant">--plugin-load</span>=<span class="token atrule">"x;y"</span></code></pre>
     </div>
     <p>
      But these options:
     </p>
     <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
      <pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa59364091"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token constant">--plugin-load-add</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>y</span> <span class="token constant">--plugin-load</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>x</span></code></pre>
     </div>
     <p>
      are equivalent to this option:
     </p>
     <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
      <pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa78493278"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token constant">--plugin-load</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>x</span></code></pre>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option does not set a corresponding system variable. The
          output of
      <a class="link" href="show-plugins.html" title="15.7.7.27 SHOW PLUGINS Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        SHOW PLUGINS
       </code>
      </a>
      provides
          information about loaded plugins. More detailed information
          can be found in the Information Schema
      <a class="link" href="information-schema-plugins-table.html" title="28.3.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table">
       <code class="literal">
        PLUGINS
       </code>
      </a>
      table. See
      <a class="xref" href="obtaining-plugin-information.html" title="7.6.2 Obtaining Server Plugin Information">
       Section 7.6.2, “Obtaining Server Plugin Information”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      For additional information about plugin loading, see
      <a class="xref" href="plugin-loading.html" title="7.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins">
       Section 7.6.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Plugins”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_plugin-xxx">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-xxx">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          xxx
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279435184">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279433696">
     </a>
     <p>
      Specifies an option that pertains to a server plugin. For
          example, many storage engines can be built as plugins, and for
          such engines, options for them can be specified with a
      <code class="option">
       --plugin
      </code>
      prefix. Thus, the
      <a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_file_per_table">
       <code class="option">
        --innodb-file-per-table
       </code>
      </a>
      option
          for
      <code class="literal">
       InnoDB
      </code>
      can be specified as
      <a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_file_per_table">
       <code class="option">
        --plugin-innodb-file-per-table
       </code>
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      For boolean options that can be enabled or disabled, the
      <code class="option">
       --skip
      </code>
      prefix and other alternative formats
          are supported as well (see
      <a class="xref" href="option-modifiers.html" title="6.2.2.4 Program Option Modifiers">
       Section 6.2.2.4, “Program Option Modifiers”
      </a>
      ). For example,
      <a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_file_per_table">
       <code class="option">
        --skip-plugin-innodb-file-per-table
       </code>
      </a>
      disables
      <a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_file_per_table">
       <code class="option">
        innodb-file-per-table
       </code>
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      The rationale for the
      <code class="option">
       --plugin
      </code>
      prefix is that
          it enables plugin options to be specified unambiguously if
          there is a name conflict with a built-in server option. For
          example, were a plugin writer to name a plugin
      <span class="quote">
       “
       <span class="quote">
        sql
       </span>
       ”
      </span>
      and implement a
      <span class="quote">
       “
       <span class="quote">
        mode
       </span>
       ”
      </span>
      option,
          the option name might be
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_sql-mode">
       <code class="option">
        --sql-mode
       </code>
      </a>
      , which would
          conflict with the built-in option of the same name. In such
          cases, references to the conflicting name are resolved in
          favor of the built-in option. To avoid the ambiguity, users
          can specify the plugin option as
      <code class="option">
       --plugin-sql-mode
      </code>
      . Use of the
      <code class="option">
       --plugin
      </code>
      prefix for plugin options is
          recommended to avoid any question of ambiguity.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_port">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_port">
       <code class="option">
        --port=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          port_num
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -P
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         port_num
        </code>
       </em>
      </code>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279417456">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279415968">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279414480">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279413408">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for port">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --port=port_num
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_port">
            port
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Integer
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           3306
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Minimum Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           0
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Maximum Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           65535
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      The port number to use when listening for TCP/IP connections.
          On Unix and Unix-like systems, the port number must be 1024 or
          higher unless the server is started by the
      <code class="literal">
       root
      </code>
      operating system user. Setting this
          option to 0 causes the default value to be used.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_port-open-timeout">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_port-open-timeout">
       <code class="option">
        --port-open-timeout=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          num
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279383328">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279381872">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for port-open-timeout">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --port-open-timeout=#
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Integer
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           0
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      On some systems, when the server is stopped, the TCP/IP port
          might not become available immediately. If the server is
          restarted quickly afterward, its attempt to reopen the port
          can fail. This option indicates how many seconds the server
          should wait for the TCP/IP port to become free if it cannot be
          opened. The default is not to wait.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_print-defaults">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_print-defaults">
       <code class="option">
        --print-defaults
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279367408">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279365920">
     </a>
     <p>
      Print the program name and all options that it gets from
          option files. Password values are masked. This must be the
          first option on the command line if it is used, except that it
          may be used immediately after
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_defaults-file">
       <code class="option">
        --defaults-file
       </code>
      </a>
      or
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_defaults-extra-file">
       <code class="option">
        --defaults-extra-file
       </code>
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      For additional information about this and other option-file
          options, see
      <a class="xref" href="option-file-options.html" title="6.2.2.3 Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling">
       Section 6.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_remove">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_remove">
       <code class="option">
        --remove
          [
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          service_name
         </code>
        </em>
        ]
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279358192">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279356704">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for remove">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --remove [service_name]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Platform Specific
         </th>
         <td>
          Windows
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      (Windows only) Remove a MySQL Windows service. The default
          service name is
      <code class="literal">
       MySQL
      </code>
      if no
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        service_name
       </code>
      </em>
      value is given. For
          more information, see
      <a class="xref" href="windows-start-service.html" title="2.3.3.8 Starting MySQL as a Windows Service">
       Section 2.3.3.8, “Starting MySQL as a Windows Service”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_safe-user-create">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_safe-user-create">
       <code class="option">
        --safe-user-create
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279343120">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279341632">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for safe-user-create">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --safe-user-create[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Deprecated
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      If this option is enabled, a user cannot create new MySQL
          users by using the
      <a class="link" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        GRANT
       </code>
      </a>
      statement unless the user has the
      <a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_insert">
       <code class="literal">
        INSERT
       </code>
      </a>
      privilege for the
      <code class="literal">
       mysql.user
      </code>
      system table or any column in
          the table. If you want a user to have the ability to create
          new users that have those privileges that the user has the
          right to grant, you should grant the user the following
          privilege:
     </p>
     <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
      <pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa11226014"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token function">INSERT</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">user</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> mysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">user</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">user_name</em>'</span>@<span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">host_name</em>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
     </div>
     <p>
      This ensures that the user cannot change any privilege columns
          directly, but has to use the
      <a class="link" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        GRANT
       </code>
      </a>
      statement to give
          privileges to other users.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
       <code class="option">
        --skip-grant-tables
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279318208">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279316752">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for skip-grant-tables">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --skip-grant-tables[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option affects the server startup sequence:
     </p>
     <div class="itemizedlist">
      <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
          <code class="option">
           --skip-grant-tables
          </code>
         </a>
         causes
              the server not to read the grant tables in the
         <code class="literal">
          mysql
         </code>
         system schema, and thus to start
              without using the privilege system at all. This gives
              anyone with access to the server
         <span class="emphasis">
          <em>
           unrestricted
              access to all databases
          </em>
         </span>
         .
        </p>
        <p>
         Because starting the server with
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
          <code class="option">
           --skip-grant-tables
          </code>
         </a>
         disables authentication checks, the server also disables
              remote connections in that case by enabling
         <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_skip_networking">
          <code class="literal">
           skip_networking
          </code>
         </a>
         .
        </p>
        <p>
         To cause a server started with
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
          <code class="option">
           --skip-grant-tables
          </code>
         </a>
         to load
              the grant tables at runtime, perform a privilege-flushing
              operation, which can be done in these ways:
        </p>
        <div class="itemizedlist">
         <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: square; ">
          <li class="listitem">
           <p>
            Issue a MySQL
            <a class="link" href="flush.html#flush-privileges">
             <code class="literal">
              FLUSH
                  PRIVILEGES
             </code>
            </a>
            statement after connecting to the
                  server.
           </p>
          </li>
          <li class="listitem">
           <p>
            Execute a
            <a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
             <span class="command">
              <strong>
               mysqladmin
                  flush-privileges
              </strong>
             </span>
            </a>
            or
            <a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
             <span class="command">
              <strong>
               mysqladmin
                  reload
              </strong>
             </span>
            </a>
            command from the command line.
           </p>
          </li>
         </ul>
        </div>
        <p>
         Privilege flushing might also occur implicitly as a result
              of other actions performed after startup, thus causing the
              server to start using the grant tables. For example, the
              server flushes the privileges if it performs an upgrade
              during the startup sequence.
        </p>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
          <code class="option">
           --skip-grant-tables
          </code>
         </a>
         disables failed-login tracking and temporary account
              locking because those capabilities depend on the grant
              tables. See
         <a class="xref" href="password-management.html" title="8.2.15 Password Management">
          Section 8.2.15, “Password Management”
         </a>
         .
        </p>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
          <code class="option">
           --skip-grant-tables
          </code>
         </a>
         causes
              the server not to load certain other objects registered in
              the data dictionary or the
         <code class="literal">
          mysql
         </code>
         system
              schema:
        </p>
        <div class="itemizedlist">
         <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: square; ">
          <li class="listitem">
           <p>
            Scheduled events installed using
            <a class="link" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
             <code class="literal">
              CREATE EVENT
             </code>
            </a>
            and
                  registered in the
            <code class="literal">
             events
            </code>
            data
                  dictionary table.
           </p>
          </li>
          <li class="listitem">
           <p>
            Plugins installed using
            <a class="link" href="install-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.4 INSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
             <code class="literal">
              INSTALL
                  PLUGIN
             </code>
            </a>
            and registered in the
            <code class="literal">
             mysql.plugin
            </code>
            system table.
           </p>
           <p>
            To cause plugins to be loaded even when using
            <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
             <code class="option">
              --skip-grant-tables
             </code>
            </a>
            ,
                  use the
            <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load">
             <code class="option">
              --plugin-load
             </code>
            </a>
            or
            <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
             <code class="option">
              --plugin-load-add
             </code>
            </a>
            option.
           </p>
          </li>
          <li class="listitem">
           <p>
            Loadable functions installed using
            <a class="link" href="create-function-loadable.html" title="15.7.4.1 CREATE FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions">
             <code class="literal">
              CREATE
                  FUNCTION
             </code>
            </a>
            and registered in the
            <code class="literal">
             mysql.func
            </code>
            system table.
           </p>
          </li>
         </ul>
        </div>
        <p>
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
          <code class="option">
           --skip-grant-tables
          </code>
         </a>
         does
         <span class="emphasis">
          <em>
           not
          </em>
         </span>
         suppress loading during startup
              of components.
        </p>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-grant-tables">
          <code class="option">
           --skip-grant-tables
          </code>
         </a>
         causes
              the
         <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_disabled_storage_engines">
          <code class="literal">
           disabled_storage_engines
          </code>
         </a>
         system variable to have no effect.
        </p>
       </li>
      </ul>
     </div>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_skip-new">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-new">
       <code class="option">
        --skip-new
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279265056">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279263568">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for skip-new">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --skip-new
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Deprecated
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option disables (what used to be considered) new,
          possibly unsafe behaviors. It results in these settings:
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_delay_key_write">
       <code class="literal">
        delay_key_write=OFF
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_concurrent_insert">
       <code class="literal">
        concurrent_insert=NEVER
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_automatic_sp_privileges">
       <code class="literal">
        automatic_sp_privileges=OFF
       </code>
      </a>
      .
          It also causes
      <a class="link" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        OPTIMIZE TABLE
       </code>
      </a>
      to be mapped to
      <a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        ALTER TABLE
       </code>
      </a>
      for
          storage engines for which
      <a class="link" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        OPTIMIZE
          TABLE
       </code>
      </a>
      is not supported.
     </p>
     <p>
      This option is deprecated, and subject to removal in a future
          release.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_skip-show-database">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-show-database">
       <code class="option">
        --skip-show-database
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279243776">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279242320">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for skip-show-database">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --skip-show-database
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_skip_show_database">
            skip_show_database
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option sets the
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_skip_show_database">
       <code class="literal">
        skip_show_database
       </code>
      </a>
      system
          variable that controls who is permitted to use the
      <a class="link" href="show-databases.html" title="15.7.7.15 SHOW DATABASES Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        SHOW DATABASES
       </code>
      </a>
      statement. See
      <a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
       Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_skip-stack-trace">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_skip-stack-trace">
       <code class="option">
        --skip-stack-trace
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279214640">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279213152">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for skip-stack-trace">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --skip-stack-trace
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Do not write stack traces. This option is useful when you are
          running
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      under a debugger. On some
          systems, you also must use this option to get a core file. See
      <a class="xref" href="debugging-mysql.html" title="7.9 Debugging MySQL">
       Section 7.9, “Debugging MySQL”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_slow-start-timeout">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_slow-start-timeout">
       <code class="option">
        --slow-start-timeout=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          timeout
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279201168">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279199712">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for slow-start-timeout">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --slow-start-timeout=#
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Integer
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           15000
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option controls the Windows service control manager's
          service start timeout. The value is the maximum number of
          milliseconds that the service control manager waits before
          trying to kill the windows service during startup. The default
          value is 15000 (15 seconds). If the MySQL service takes too
          long to start, you may need to increase this value. A value of
          0 means there is no timeout.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_socket">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_socket">
       <code class="option">
        --socket=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          path
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279184976">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279183488">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for socket">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --socket={file_name|pipe_name}
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_socket">
            socket
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          String
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value (Windows)
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           MySQL
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value (Other)
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           /tmp/mysql.sock
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      On Unix, this option specifies the Unix socket file to use
          when listening for local connections. The default value is
      <code class="filename">
       /tmp/mysql.sock
      </code>
      . If this option is given,
          the server creates the file in the data directory unless an
          absolute path name is given to specify a different directory.
          On Windows, the option specifies the pipe name to use when
          listening for local connections that use a named pipe. The
          default value is
      <code class="literal">
       MySQL
      </code>
      (not
          case-sensitive).
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_sql-mode">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_sql-mode">
       <code class="option">
        --sql-mode=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          value
         </code>
        </em>
        [,
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          value
         </code>
        </em>
        [,
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          value
         </code>
        </em>
        ...]]
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279153152">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279151664">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for sql-mode">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --sql-mode=name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_sql_mode">
            sql_mode
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global, Session
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Set
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY STRICT_TRANS_TABLES NO_ZERO_IN_DATE NO_ZERO_DATE ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Valid Values
         </th>
         <td>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            ALLOW_INVALID_DATES
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            ANSI_QUOTES
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            HIGH_NOT_PRECEDENCE
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            IGNORE_SPACE
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            NO_DIR_IN_CREATE
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            NO_ZERO_DATE
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            NO_ZERO_IN_DATE
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            PAD_CHAR_TO_FULL_LENGTH
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            PIPES_AS_CONCAT
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            REAL_AS_FLOAT
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            STRICT_ALL_TABLES
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            TIME_TRUNCATE_FRACTIONAL
           </code>
          </p>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Set the SQL mode. See
      <a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
       Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
      <div class="admon-title">
       Note
      </div>
      <p>
       MySQL installation programs may configure the SQL mode
            during the installation process.
      </p>
      <p>
       If the SQL mode differs from the default or from what you
            expect, check for a setting in an option file that the
            server reads at startup.
      </p>
     </div>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_standalone">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_standalone">
       <code class="option">
        --standalone
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279104992">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279103504">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for standalone">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --standalone
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Platform Specific
         </th>
         <td>
          Windows
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Available on Windows only; instructs the MySQL server not to
          run as a service.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_super-large-pages">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_super-large-pages">
       <code class="option">
        --super-large-pages
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279091808">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279090352">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for super-large-pages">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --super-large-pages[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Platform Specific
         </th>
         <td>
          Solaris
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Standard use of large pages in MySQL attempts to use the
          largest size supported, up to 4MB. Under Solaris, a
      <span class="quote">
       “
       <span class="quote">
        super large pages
       </span>
       ”
      </span>
      feature enables uses of pages
          up to 256MB. This feature is available for recent SPARC
          platforms. It can be enabled or disabled by using the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_super-large-pages">
       <code class="option">
        --super-large-pages
       </code>
      </a>
      or
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_super-large-pages">
       <code class="option">
        --skip-super-large-pages
       </code>
      </a>
      option.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_symbolic-links">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_symbolic-links">
       <code class="option">
        --symbolic-links
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_symbolic-links">
       <code class="option">
        --skip-symbolic-links
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279070464">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279068976">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279067488">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279066032">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for symbolic-links">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --symbolic-links[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Deprecated
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Enable or disable symbolic link support. On Unix, enabling
          symbolic links means that you can link a
      <code class="literal">
       MyISAM
      </code>
      index file or data file to another
          directory with the
      <code class="literal">
       INDEX DIRECTORY
      </code>
      or
      <code class="literal">
       DATA DIRECTORY
      </code>
      option of the
      <a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        CREATE TABLE
       </code>
      </a>
      statement. If you
          delete or rename the table, the files that its symbolic links
          point to also are deleted or renamed. See
      <a class="xref" href="symbolic-links-to-tables.html" title="10.12.2.2 Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix">
       Section 10.12.2.2, “Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
      <div class="admon-title">
       Note
      </div>
      <p>
       Symbolic link support, along with the
       <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_symbolic-links">
        <code class="option">
         --symbolic-links
        </code>
       </a>
       option that
            controls it, is deprecated; you should expect it to be
            removed in a future version of MySQL. In addition, the
            option is disabled by default. The related
       <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_have_symlink">
        <code class="literal">
         have_symlink
        </code>
       </a>
       system
            variable also is deprecated; expect it to be removed in a
            future version of MySQL.
      </p>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option has no meaning on Windows.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_sysdate-is-now">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_sysdate-is-now">
       <code class="option">
        --sysdate-is-now
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279041552">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279040064">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for sysdate-is-now">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --sysdate-is-now[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      <a class="link" href="date-and-time-functions.html#function_sysdate">
       <code class="literal">
        SYSDATE()
       </code>
      </a>
      by default returns
          the time at which it executes, not the time at which the
          statement in which it occurs begins executing. This differs
          from the behavior of
      <a class="link" href="date-and-time-functions.html#function_now">
       <code class="literal">
        NOW()
       </code>
      </a>
      .
          This option causes
      <a class="link" href="date-and-time-functions.html#function_sysdate">
       <code class="literal">
        SYSDATE()
       </code>
      </a>
      to
          be a synonym for
      <a class="link" href="date-and-time-functions.html#function_now">
       <code class="literal">
        NOW()
       </code>
      </a>
      . For
          information about the implications for binary logging and
          replication, see the description for
      <a class="link" href="date-and-time-functions.html#function_sysdate">
       <code class="literal">
        SYSDATE()
       </code>
      </a>
      in
      <a class="xref" href="date-and-time-functions.html" title="14.7 Date and Time Functions">
       Section 14.7, “Date and Time Functions”
      </a>
      and for
      <code class="literal">
       SET
          TIMESTAMP
      </code>
      in
      <a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
       Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_tc-heuristic-recover">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_tc-heuristic-recover">
       <code class="option">
        --tc-heuristic-recover={COMMIT|ROLLBACK}
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279017072">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045279015616">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for tc-heuristic-recover">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --tc-heuristic-recover=name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Enumeration
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Valid Values
         </th>
         <td>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            OFF
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            COMMIT
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            ROLLBACK
           </code>
          </p>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      The decision to use in a manual heuristic recovery.
     </p>
     <p>
      If a
      <code class="literal">
       --tc-heuristic-recover
      </code>
      option is
          specified, the server exits regardless of whether manual
          heuristic recovery is successful.
     </p>
     <p>
      On systems with more than one storage engine capable of
          two-phase commit, the
      <code class="literal">
       ROLLBACK
      </code>
      option is
          not safe and causes recovery to halt with the following error:
     </p>
     <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
      <pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa91100660"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token property"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>ERROR<span class="token punctuation">]</span></span> <span class="token property">--tc-heuristic-recover</span> rollback
strategy is not safe on systems with more than one 2-phase-commit-capable
storage engine<span class="token punctuation">.</span> Aborting crash recovery<span class="token punctuation">.</span></code></pre>
     </div>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_transaction-isolation">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_transaction-isolation">
       <code class="option">
        --transaction-isolation=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          level
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278992832">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278991328">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for transaction-isolation">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --transaction-isolation=name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_transaction_isolation">
            transaction_isolation
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global, Session
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Enumeration
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           REPEATABLE-READ
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Valid Values
         </th>
         <td>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            READ-UNCOMMITTED
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            READ-COMMITTED
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            REPEATABLE-READ
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            SERIALIZABLE
           </code>
          </p>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Sets the default transaction isolation level. The
      <code class="literal">
       level
      </code>
      value can be
      <a class="link" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html#isolevel_read-uncommitted">
       <code class="literal">
        READ-UNCOMMITTED
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <a class="link" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html#isolevel_read-committed">
       <code class="literal">
        READ-COMMITTED
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <a class="link" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html#isolevel_repeatable-read">
       <code class="literal">
        REPEATABLE-READ
       </code>
      </a>
      , or
      <a class="link" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html#isolevel_serializable">
       <code class="literal">
        SERIALIZABLE
       </code>
      </a>
      . See
      <a class="xref" href="set-transaction.html" title="15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement">
       Section 15.3.7, “SET TRANSACTION Statement”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      The default transaction isolation level can also be set at
          runtime using the
      <a class="link" href="set-transaction.html" title="15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        SET
          TRANSACTION
       </code>
      </a>
      statement or by setting the
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_transaction_isolation">
       <code class="literal">
        transaction_isolation
       </code>
      </a>
      system
          variable.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_transaction-read-only">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_transaction-read-only">
       <code class="option">
        --transaction-read-only
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278950960">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278949504">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for transaction-read-only">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --transaction-read-only[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_transaction_read_only">
            transaction_read_only
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global, Session
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Sets the default transaction access mode. By default,
          read-only mode is disabled, so the mode is read/write.
     </p>
     <p>
      To set the default transaction access mode at runtime, use the
      <a class="link" href="set-transaction.html" title="15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        SET TRANSACTION
       </code>
      </a>
      statement or
          set the
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_transaction_read_only">
       <code class="literal">
        transaction_read_only
       </code>
      </a>
      system variable. See
      <a class="xref" href="set-transaction.html" title="15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement">
       Section 15.3.7, “SET TRANSACTION Statement”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_tmpdir">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_tmpdir">
       <code class="option">
        --tmpdir=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          dir_name
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -t
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         dir_name
        </code>
       </em>
      </code>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278920448">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278918960">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for tmpdir">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --tmpdir=dir_name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          System Variable
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_tmpdir">
            tmpdir
           </a>
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Scope
         </th>
         <td>
          Global
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Dynamic
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          <a class="link" href="optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var" title="Variable-Setting Hint Syntax">
           <code class="literal">
            SET_VAR
           </code>
          </a>
          Hint Applies
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Directory name
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      The path of the directory to use for creating temporary files.
          It might be useful if your default
      <code class="literal">
       /tmp
      </code>
      directory resides on a partition that is too small to hold
          temporary tables. This option accepts several paths that are
          used in round-robin fashion. Paths should be separated by
          colon characters (
      <code class="literal">
       :
      </code>
      ) on Unix and semicolon
          characters (
      <code class="literal">
       ;
      </code>
      ) on Windows.
     </p>
     <p>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_tmpdir">
       <code class="option">
        --tmpdir
       </code>
      </a>
      can be a non-permanent
          location, such as a directory on a memory-based file system or
          a directory that is cleared when the server host restarts. If
          the MySQL server is acting as a replica, and you are using a
          non-permanent location for
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_tmpdir">
       <code class="option">
        --tmpdir
       </code>
      </a>
      , consider setting a
          different temporary directory for the replica using the
      <a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_load_tmpdir">
       <code class="literal">
        replica_load_tmpdir
       </code>
      </a>
      system
          variable. For a replica, the temporary files used to replicate
      <a class="link" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        LOAD DATA
       </code>
      </a>
      statements are stored
          in this directory, so with a permanent location they can
          survive machine restarts, although replication can now
          continue after a restart if the temporary files have been
          removed.
     </p>
     <p>
      For more information about the storage location of temporary
          files, see
      <a class="xref" href="temporary-files.html" title="B.3.3.5 Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files">
       Section B.3.3.5, “Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_upgrade">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_upgrade">
       <code class="option">
        --upgrade=
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          value
         </code>
        </em>
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278887712">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278886224">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for upgrade">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --upgrade=value
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Enumeration
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           AUTO
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Valid Values
         </th>
         <td>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            AUTO
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            NONE
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            MINIMAL
           </code>
          </p>
          <p class="valid-value">
           <code class="literal">
            FORCE
           </code>
          </p>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      This option controls whether and how the server performs an
          automatic upgrade at startup. Automatic upgrade involves two
          steps:
     </p>
     <div class="itemizedlist">
      <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         Step 1: Data dictionary upgrade.
        </p>
        <p>
         This step upgrades:
        </p>
        <div class="itemizedlist">
         <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: square; ">
          <li class="listitem">
           <p>
            The data dictionary tables in the
            <code class="literal">
             mysql
            </code>
            schema. If the actual data
                  dictionary version is lower than the current expected
                  version, the server upgrades the data dictionary. If
                  it cannot, or is prevented from doing so, the server
                  cannot run.
           </p>
          </li>
          <li class="listitem">
           <p>
            The Performance Schema and
            <code class="literal">
             INFORMATION_SCHEMA
            </code>
            .
           </p>
          </li>
         </ul>
        </div>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         Step 2: Server upgrade.
        </p>
        <p>
         This step comprises all other upgrade tasks. If the
              existing installation data has a lower MySQL version than
              the server expects, it must be upgraded:
        </p>
        <div class="itemizedlist">
         <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: square; ">
          <li class="listitem">
           <p>
            The system tables in the
            <code class="literal">
             mysql
            </code>
            schema (the remaining non-data dictionary tables).
           </p>
          </li>
          <li class="listitem">
           <p>
            The
            <code class="literal">
             sys
            </code>
            schema.
           </p>
          </li>
          <li class="listitem">
           <p>
            User schemas.
           </p>
          </li>
         </ul>
        </div>
       </li>
      </ul>
     </div>
     <p>
      For details about upgrade steps 1 and 2, see
      <a class="xref" href="upgrading-what-is-upgraded.html" title="3.4 What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades">
       Section 3.4, “What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      These
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_upgrade">
       <code class="option">
        --upgrade
       </code>
      </a>
      option values
          are permitted:
     </p>
     <div class="itemizedlist">
      <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         <code class="literal">
          AUTO
         </code>
        </p>
        <p>
         The server performs an automatic upgrade of anything it
              finds to be out of date (steps 1 and 2). This is the
              default action if
         <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_upgrade">
          <code class="option">
           --upgrade
          </code>
         </a>
         is not specified explicitly.
        </p>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         <code class="literal">
          NONE
         </code>
        </p>
        <p>
         The server performs no automatic upgrade steps during the
              startup process (skips steps 1 and 2). Because this option
              value prevents a data dictionary upgrade, the server exits
              with an error if the data dictionary is found to be out of
              date:
        </p>
        <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
         <pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa16347920"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">[ERROR] [MY-013381] [Server] Server shutting down because upgrade is
required, yet prohibited by the command line option '--upgrade=NONE'.
[ERROR] [MY-010334] [Server] Failed to initialize DD Storage Engine
[ERROR] [MY-010020] [Server] Data Dictionary initialization failed.</code></pre>
        </div>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         <code class="literal">
          MINIMAL
         </code>
        </p>
        <p>
         The server upgrades the data dictionary, the Performance
              Schema, and the
         <code class="literal">
          INFORMATION_SCHEMA
         </code>
         , if
              necessary (step 1). Note that following an upgrade with
              this option, Group Replication cannot be started, because
              system tables on which the replication internals depend
              are not updated, and reduced functionality might also be
              apparent in other areas.
        </p>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         <code class="literal">
          FORCE
         </code>
        </p>
        <p>
         The server upgrades the data dictionary, the Performance
              Schema, and the
         <code class="literal">
          INFORMATION_SCHEMA
         </code>
         , if
              necessary (step 1). In addition, the server forces an
              upgrade of everything else (step 2). Expect server startup
              to take longer with this option because the server checks
              all objects in all schemas.
        </p>
        <p>
         <code class="literal">
          FORCE
         </code>
         is useful to force step 2 actions
              to be performed if the server thinks they are not
              necessary. For example, you may believe that a system
              table is missing or has become damaged and want to force a
              repair.
        </p>
       </li>
      </ul>
     </div>
     <p>
      The following table summarizes the actions taken by the server
          for each option value.
     </p>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table summary="Upgrade actions performed for each --upgrade option value.">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 20%"/>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <thead>
        <tr>
         <th scope="col">
          Option Value
         </th>
         <th scope="col">
          Server Performs Step 1?
         </th>
         <th scope="col">
          Server Performs Step 2?
         </th>
        </tr>
       </thead>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th scope="row">
          <code class="literal">
           AUTO
          </code>
         </th>
         <td>
          If necessary
         </td>
         <td>
          If necessary
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th scope="row">
          <code class="literal">
           NONE
          </code>
         </th>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th scope="row">
          <code class="literal">
           MINIMAL
          </code>
         </th>
         <td>
          If necessary
         </td>
         <td>
          No
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th scope="row">
          <code class="literal">
           FORCE
          </code>
         </th>
         <td>
          If necessary
         </td>
         <td>
          Yes
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_user">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_user">
       <code class="option">
        --user={
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          user_name
         </code>
        </em>
        |
        <em class="replaceable">
         <code>
          user_id
         </code>
        </em>
        }
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -u
          {
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         user_name
        </code>
       </em>
       |
       <em class="replaceable">
        <code>
         user_id
        </code>
       </em>
       }
      </code>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278813488">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278812000">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for user">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --user=name
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          String
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Run the
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      server as the user having
          the name
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        user_name
       </code>
      </em>
      or the numeric
          user ID
      <em class="replaceable">
       <code>
        user_id
       </code>
      </em>
      .
          (
      <span class="quote">
       “
       <span class="quote">
        User
       </span>
       ”
      </span>
      in this context refers to a system login
          account, not a MySQL user listed in the grant tables.)
     </p>
     <p>
      This option is
      <span class="emphasis">
       <em>
        mandatory
       </em>
      </span>
      when starting
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      as
      <code class="literal">
       root
      </code>
      . The
          server changes its user ID during its startup sequence,
          causing it to run as that particular user rather than as
      <code class="literal">
       root
      </code>
      . See
      <a class="xref" href="security-guidelines.html" title="8.1.1 Security Guidelines">
       Section 8.1.1, “Security Guidelines”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
     <p>
      To avoid a possible security hole where a user adds a
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_user">
       <code class="option">
        --user=root
       </code>
      </a>
      option to a
      <code class="filename">
       my.cnf
      </code>
      file (thus causing the server to
          run as
      <code class="literal">
       root
      </code>
      ),
      <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
       <span class="command">
        <strong>
         mysqld
        </strong>
       </span>
      </a>
      uses only the first
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_user">
       <code class="option">
        --user
       </code>
      </a>
      option specified and produces a warning if there are multiple
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_user">
       <code class="option">
        --user
       </code>
      </a>
      options. Options in
      <code class="filename">
       /etc/my.cnf
      </code>
      and
      <code class="filename">
       $MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf
      </code>
      are processed before
          command-line options, so it is recommended that you put a
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_user">
       <code class="option">
        --user
       </code>
      </a>
      option in
      <code class="filename">
       /etc/my.cnf
      </code>
      and specify a value other
          than
      <code class="literal">
       root
      </code>
      . The option in
      <code class="filename">
       /etc/my.cnf
      </code>
      is found before any other
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_user">
       <code class="option">
        --user
       </code>
      </a>
      options, which ensures
          that the server runs as a user other than
      <code class="literal">
       root
      </code>
      , and that a warning results if any
          other
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_user">
       <code class="option">
        --user
       </code>
      </a>
      option is found.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_validate-config">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_validate-config">
       <code class="option">
        --validate-config
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278779408">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278777920">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for validate-config">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --validate-config[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           OFF
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      Validate the server startup configuration. If no errors are
          found, the server terminates with an exit code of 0. If an
          error is found, the server displays a diagnostic message and
          terminates with an exit code of 1. Warning and information
          messages may also be displayed, depending on the
      <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_log_error_verbosity">
       <code class="literal">
        log_error_verbosity
       </code>
      </a>
      value,
          but do not produce immediate validation termination or an exit
          code of 1. For more information, see
      <a class="xref" href="server-configuration-validation.html" title="7.1.3 Server Configuration Validation">
       Section 7.1.3, “Server Configuration Validation”
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_validate-user-plugins">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_validate-user-plugins">
       <code class="option">
        --validate-user-plugins[={OFF|ON}]
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278761360">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278759856">
     </a>
     <div class="informaltable">
      <table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for validate-user-plugins">
       <colgroup>
        <col style="width: 30%"/>
        <col style="width: 70%"/>
       </colgroup>
       <tbody>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Command-Line Format
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           --validate-user-plugins[={OFF|ON}]
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Type
         </th>
         <td>
          Boolean
         </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
         <th>
          Default Value
         </th>
         <td>
          <code class="literal">
           ON
          </code>
         </td>
        </tr>
       </tbody>
      </table>
     </div>
     <p>
      If this option is enabled (the default), the server checks
          each user account and produces a warning if conditions are
          found that would make the account unusable:
     </p>
     <div class="itemizedlist">
      <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         The account requires an authentication plugin that is not
              loaded.
        </p>
       </li>
       <li class="listitem">
        <p>
         The account requires the
         <code class="literal">
          sha256_password
         </code>
         (deprecated) or
         <code class="literal">
          caching_sha2_password
         </code>
         authentication
              plugin but the server was started with neither SSL nor RSA
              enabled as required by the plugin.
        </p>
       </li>
      </ul>
     </div>
     <p>
      Enabling
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_validate-user-plugins">
       <code class="option">
        --validate-user-plugins
       </code>
      </a>
      slows
          down server initialization and
      <a class="link" href="flush.html#flush-privileges">
       <code class="literal">
        FLUSH
          PRIVILEGES
       </code>
      </a>
      . If you do not require the additional
          checking, you can disable this option at startup to avoid the
          performance decrement.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_verbose">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_verbose">
       <code class="option">
        --verbose
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_verbose">
       <code class="option">
        -v
       </code>
      </a>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278738112">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278736656">
     </a>
     <p>
      Use this option with the
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_help">
       <code class="option">
        --help
       </code>
      </a>
      option for detailed help.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <a name="option_mysqld_version">
      </a>
      <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_version">
       <code class="option">
        --version
       </code>
      </a>
      ,
      <code class="option">
       -V
      </code>
     </p>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278731056">
     </a>
     <a class="indexterm" name="idm46045278729568">
     </a>
     <p>
      Display version information and exit.
     </p>
    </li>
   </ul>
  </div>
 </div>
 <br/>
</div>
