<div id="docs-body">
 <div class="section">
  <div class="titlepage">
   <div>
    <div>
     <h4 class="title">
      <a name="replication-administration-status">
      </a>
      19.1.7.1 Checking Replication Status
     </h4>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div>
  <p>
   The most common task when managing a replication process is to
        ensure that replication is taking place and that there have been
        no errors between the replica and the source.
  </p>
  <p>
   The
   <a class="link" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
    <code class="literal">
     SHOW REPLICA STATUS
    </code>
   </a>
   statement, which you must execute on each replica, provides
        information about the configuration and status of the connection
        between the replica server and the source server. The MySQL
        Performance Schema contains replication tables that provide this
        information in a more accessible form. See
   <a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-tables.html" title="29.12.11 Performance Schema Replication Tables">
    Section 29.12.11, “Performance Schema Replication Tables”
   </a>
   .
  </p>
  <p>
   The replication heartbeat information shown in the Performance
        Schema replication tables lets you check that the replication
        connection is active even if the source has not sent events to
        the replica recently. The source sends a heartbeat signal to a
        replica if there are no updates to, and no unsent events in, the
        binary log for a longer period than the heartbeat interval. The
   <code class="literal">
    SOURCE_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD
   </code>
   setting on the source
        (set by
   <a class="link" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
    <code class="literal">
     CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE
        TO
    </code>
   </a>
   ) specifies the frequency of the heartbeat, which
        defaults to half of the connection timeout interval for the
        replica (specified by the system variable
   <a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_net_timeout">
    <code class="literal">
     replica_net_timeout
    </code>
   </a>
   . The
   <a class="link" href="performance-schema-replication-connection-status-table.html" title="29.12.11.13 The replication_connection_status Table">
    <code class="literal">
     replication_connection_status
    </code>
   </a>
   Performance Schema table shows when the most recent heartbeat
        signal was received by a replica, and how many heartbeat signals
        it has received.
  </p>
  <p>
   You can use
   <a class="link" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
    <code class="literal">
     SHOW REPLICA STATUS
    </code>
   </a>
   to check on the status of an individual replica; this statement
        provides the information shown here:
  </p>
  <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
   <pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa50743417"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">REPLICA</span> <span class="token keyword">STATUS</span>\G
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 1. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
             Replica_IO_State<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Waiting for source to send event
                  Source_Host<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 127.0.0.1
                  Source_User<span class="token punctuation">:</span> root
                  Source_Port<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 13000
                Connect_Retry<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
              Source_Log_File<span class="token punctuation">:</span> master-bin.000001
          Read_Source_Log_Pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 927
               Relay_Log_File<span class="token punctuation">:</span> slave-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1145
        Relay_Source_Log_File<span class="token punctuation">:</span> master-bin.000001
           Replica_IO_Running<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Yes
          Replica_SQL_Running<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
          Replicate_Ignore_DB<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
           Replicate_Do_Table<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
       Replicate_Ignore_Table<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                   Last_Errno<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
                   Last_Error<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                 Skip_Counter<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
          Exec_Source_Log_Pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 927
              Relay_Log_Space<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1355
              Until_Condition<span class="token punctuation">:</span> None
               Until_Log_File<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                Until_Log_Pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
           Source_SSL_Allowed<span class="token punctuation">:</span> No
           Source_SSL_CA_File<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
           Source_SSL_CA_Path<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
              Source_SSL_Cert<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            Source_SSL_Cipher<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
               Source_SSL_Key<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        Seconds_Behind_Source<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
Source_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert<span class="token punctuation">:</span> No
                Last_IO_Errno<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
                Last_IO_Error<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
               Last_SQL_Errno<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
               Last_SQL_Error<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
             Source_Server_Id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
                  Source_UUID<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 73f86016-978b-11ee-ade5-8d2a2a562feb
             Source_Info_File<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
    Replica_SQL_Running_State<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Source_Retry_Count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 10
                  Source_Bind<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
               Source_SSL_Crl<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
           Source_SSL_Crlpath<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 73f86016-978b-11ee-ade5-8d2a2a562feb<span class="token punctuation">:</span>1-3
            Executed_Gtid_Set<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 73f86016-978b-11ee-ade5-8d2a2a562feb<span class="token punctuation">:</span>1-3
                Auto_Position<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                 Channel_Name<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
           Source_TLS_Version<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
       Source_public_key_path<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        Get_Source_public_key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
            Network_Namespace<span class="token punctuation">:</span></span></code></pre>
  </div>
  <p>
   The key fields from the status report to examine are:
  </p>
  <div class="itemizedlist">
   <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <code class="literal">
       Replica_IO_State
      </code>
      : The current status of
            the replica. See
      <a class="xref" href="replica-io-thread-states.html" title="10.14.5 Replication I/O (Receiver) Thread States">
       Section 10.14.5, “Replication I/O (Receiver) Thread States”
      </a>
      ,
            and
      <a class="xref" href="replica-sql-thread-states.html" title="10.14.6 Replication SQL Thread States">
       Section 10.14.6, “Replication SQL Thread States”
      </a>
      , for more
            information.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <code class="literal">
       Replica_IO_Running
      </code>
      : Whether the I/O
            (receiver) thread for reading the source's binary log is
            running. Normally, you want this to be
      <code class="literal">
       Yes
      </code>
      unless you have not yet started
            replication or have explicitly stopped it with
      <a class="link" href="stop-replica.html" title="15.4.2.5 STOP REPLICA Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        STOP REPLICA
       </code>
      </a>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <code class="literal">
       Replica_SQL_Running
      </code>
      : Whether the SQL
            thread for executing events in the relay log is running. As
            with the I/O thread, this should normally be
      <code class="literal">
       Yes
      </code>
      .
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <code class="literal">
       Last_IO_Error
      </code>
      ,
      <code class="literal">
       Last_SQL_Error
      </code>
      : The last errors
            registered by the I/O (receiver) and SQL (applier) threads
            when processing the relay log. Ideally these should be
            blank, indicating no errors.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      <code class="literal">
       Seconds_Behind_Source
      </code>
      : The number of
            seconds that the replication SQL (applier) thread is behind
            processing the source binary log. A high number (or an
            increasing one) can indicate that the replica is unable to
            handle events from the source in a timely fashion.
     </p>
     <p>
      A value of 0 for
      <code class="literal">
       Seconds_Behind_Source
      </code>
      can usually be interpreted as meaning that the replica has
            caught up with the source, but there are some cases where
            this is not strictly true. For example, this can occur if
            the network connection between source and replica is broken
            but the replication I/O (receiver) thread has not yet
            noticed this; that is, the time period set by
      <a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_net_timeout">
       <code class="literal">
        replica_net_timeout
       </code>
      </a>
      has not
            yet elapsed.
     </p>
     <p>
      It is also possible that transient values for
      <code class="literal">
       Seconds_Behind_Source
      </code>
      may not reflect the
            situation accurately. When the replication SQL (applier)
            thread has caught up on I/O,
      <code class="literal">
       Seconds_Behind_Source
      </code>
      displays 0; but
            when the replication I/O (receiver) thread is still queuing
            up a new event,
      <code class="literal">
       Seconds_Behind_Source
      </code>
      may
            show a large value until the replication applier thread
            finishes executing the new event. This is especially likely
            when the events have old timestamps; in such cases, if you
            execute
      <a class="link" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
       <code class="literal">
        SHOW REPLICA STATUS
       </code>
      </a>
      several times in a relatively short period, you may see this
            value change back and forth repeatedly between 0 and a
            relatively large value.
     </p>
    </li>
   </ul>
  </div>
  <p>
   Several pairs of fields provide information about the progress
        of the replica in reading events from the source binary log and
        processing them in the relay log:
  </p>
  <div class="itemizedlist">
   <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      (
      <code class="literal">
       Master_Log_file
      </code>
      ,
      <code class="literal">
       Read_Master_Log_Pos
      </code>
      ): Coordinates in the
            source binary log indicating how far the replication I/O
            (receiver) thread has read events from that log.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      (
      <code class="literal">
       Relay_Master_Log_File
      </code>
      ,
      <code class="literal">
       Exec_Master_Log_Pos
      </code>
      ): Coordinates in the
            source binary log indicating how far the replication SQL
            (applier) thread has executed events received from that log.
     </p>
    </li>
    <li class="listitem">
     <p>
      (
      <code class="literal">
       Relay_Log_File
      </code>
      ,
      <code class="literal">
       Relay_Log_Pos
      </code>
      ): Coordinates in the
            replica relay log indicating how far the replication SQL
            (applier) thread has executed the relay log. These
            correspond to the preceding coordinates, but are expressed
            in replica relay log coordinates rather than source binary
            log coordinates.
     </p>
    </li>
   </ul>
  </div>
  <p>
   On the source, you can check the status of connected replicas
        using
   <a class="link" href="show-processlist.html" title="15.7.7.31 SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement">
    <code class="literal">
     SHOW PROCESSLIST
    </code>
   </a>
   to examine
        the list of running processes. Replica connections have
   <code class="literal">
    Binlog Dump
   </code>
   in the
   <code class="literal">
    Command
   </code>
   field:
  </p>
  <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
   <pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa2643694"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">PROCESSLIST</span> \G<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 4. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
     Id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 10
   User<span class="token punctuation">:</span> root
   Host<span class="token punctuation">:</span> replica1<span class="token punctuation">:</span>58371
     db<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
Command<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Binlog Dump
   Time<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 777
  State<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
   Info<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL</span></code></pre>
  </div>
  <p>
   Because it is the replica that drives the replication process,
        very little information is available in this report.
  </p>
  <p>
   For replicas that were started with the
   <a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_report_host">
    <code class="option">
     --report-host
    </code>
   </a>
   option and are
        connected to the source, the
   <a class="link" href="show-replicas.html" title="15.7.7.36 SHOW REPLICAS Statement">
    <code class="literal">
     SHOW
        REPLICAS
    </code>
   </a>
   statement on the source shows basic
        information about the replicas. The output includes the ID of
        the replica server, the value of the
   <a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_report_host">
    <code class="option">
     --report-host
    </code>
   </a>
   option, the
        connecting port, and source ID:
  </p>
  <div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
   <pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa35317527"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">REPLICAS</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Server_id <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Host     <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Port <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Rpl_recovery_rank <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Source_id <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span>        10 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> replica1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3306 <span class="token punctuation">|</span>                 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span>         1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
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