



'''simple docstring'''

_A				:    Optional[Any]     						='''ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'''







def 						__UpperCamelCase				(							_lowercase					) ->			bytes:
	# Make sure the supplied data is a bytes-like object
	if not isinstance(_lowercase,				_lowercase					):
		_lowercase					:       Union[str, Any]       =		f'''a bytes-like object is required, not \'{data.__class__.__name__}\''''
		raise TypeError(_lowercase					)

	_lowercase					:       int       =		''.join(bin(_lowercase					)[2:].zfill(8					) for byte in data					)

	_lowercase					:       Dict       =		len(_lowercase					) % 6 != 0

	if padding_needed:
		# The padding that will be added later
		_lowercase					:       Optional[Any]       =		B'=' * ((6 - len(_lowercase					) % 6) // 2)

		# Append binary_stream with arbitrary binary digits (0's by default) to make its
		# length a multiple of 6.
		binary_stream += "0" * (6 - len(_lowercase					) % 6)
	else:
		_lowercase					:       Optional[int]       =		B''

	# Encode every 6 binary digits to their corresponding Base64 character
	return (
	    "".join(
	        B64_CHARSET[int(binary_stream[index : index + 6],				2					)]
	        for index in range(0,				len(_lowercase					),				6					)					).encode()
	    + padding
	)







def 						__UpperCamelCase				(							_lowercase					) ->			bytes:
	# Make sure encoded_data is either a string or a bytes-like object
	if not isinstance(_lowercase,				_lowercase					) and not isinstance(_lowercase,				_lowercase					):
		_lowercase					:       int       =		(
		    'argument should be a bytes-like object or ASCII string, '
		    f'''not \'{encoded_data.__class__.__name__}\''''
		)
		raise TypeError(_lowercase					)

	# In case encoded_data is a bytes-like object, make sure it contains only
	# ASCII characters so we convert it to a string object
	if isinstance(_lowercase,				_lowercase					):
		try:
			_lowercase					:       Optional[int]       =		encoded_data.decode('utf-8'					)
		except UnicodeDecodeError:
			raise ValueError('base64 encoded data should only contain ASCII characters'					)

	_lowercase					:       Optional[int]       =		encoded_data.count('='					)

	# Check if the encoded string contains non base64 characters
	if padding:
		assert all(
		    char in B64_CHARSET for char in encoded_data[:-padding]					), "Invalid base64 character(s) found."
	else:
		assert all(
		    char in B64_CHARSET for char in encoded_data					), "Invalid base64 character(s) found."

	# Check the padding
	assert len(_lowercase					) % 4 == 0 and padding < 3, "Incorrect padding"

	if padding:
		# Remove padding if there is one
		_lowercase					:       str       =		encoded_data[:-padding]

		_lowercase					:       Tuple       =		''.join(
		    bin(B64_CHARSET.index(_lowercase					)					)[2:].zfill(6					) for char in encoded_data					)[: -padding * 2]
	else:
		_lowercase					:       Union[str, Any]       =		''.join(
		    bin(B64_CHARSET.index(_lowercase					)					)[2:].zfill(6					) for char in encoded_data					)

	_lowercase					:       List[str]       =		[
	    int(binary_stream[index : index + 8],				2					)
	    for index in range(0,				len(_lowercase					),				8					)
	]

	return bytes(_lowercase					)


if __name__ == "__main__":
		import doctest

		doctest.testmod()





'''simple docstring'''

from __future__ import annotations

import math
from collections import Counter
from string import ascii_lowercase







def 						__UpperCamelCase				(							_lowercase					) ->			None:
	_lowercase  ,    _lowercase					:       List[Any]       =		analyze_text(_lowercase					)
	_lowercase					:       Any       =		list(' ' + ascii_lowercase					)
	# what is our total sum of probabilities.
	_lowercase					:       Union[str, Any]       =		sum(single_char_strings.values()					)

	# one length string
	_lowercase					:       Union[str, Any]       =		0
	# for each alpha we go in our dict and if it is in it we calculate entropy
	for ch in my_alphas:
		if ch in single_char_strings:
			_lowercase					:       Any       =		single_char_strings[ch]
			_lowercase					:       int       =		my_str / all_sum
			my_fir_sum += prob * math.loga(_lowercase					)  # entropy formula.

    # print entropy
	print(f'''{round(-1 * my_fir_sum					):.1f}'''					)

	# two len string
	_lowercase					:       str       =		sum(two_char_strings.values()					)
	_lowercase					:       str       =		0
	# for each alpha (two in size) calculate entropy.
	for cha in my_alphas:
		for cha in my_alphas:
			_lowercase					:       Optional[Any]       =		cha + cha
			if sequence in two_char_strings:
				_lowercase					:       int       =		two_char_strings[sequence]
				_lowercase					:       Optional[int]       =		int(_lowercase					) / all_sum
				my_sec_sum += prob * math.loga(_lowercase					)

    # print second entropy
	print(f'''{round(-1 * my_sec_sum					):.1f}'''					)

	# print the difference between them
	print(f'''{round((-1 * my_sec_sum) - (-1 * my_fir_sum)					):.1f}'''					)







def 						__UpperCamelCase				(							_lowercase					) ->			tuple[dict, dict]:
	_lowercase					:       Optional[Any]       =		Counter()  # type: ignore
	_lowercase					:       List[Any]       =		Counter()  # type: ignore
	single_char_strings[text[-1]] += 1

	# first case when we have space at start.
	two_char_strings[" " + text[0]] += 1
	for i in range(0,				len(_lowercase					) - 1					):
		single_char_strings[text[i]] += 1
		two_char_strings[text[i : i + 2]] += 1
	return single_char_strings, two_char_strings







def 						__UpperCamelCase				(							) ->			List[Any]:
	import doctest

	doctest.testmod()
	# text = (
	#     "Had repulsive dashwoods suspicion sincerity but advantage now him. Remark "
	#     "easily garret nor nay. Civil those mrs enjoy shy fat merry. You greatest "
	#     "jointure saw horrible. He private he on be imagine suppose. Fertile "
	#     "beloved evident through no service elderly is. Blind there if every no so "
	#     "at. Own neglected you preferred way sincerity delivered his attempted. To "
	#     "of message cottage windows do besides against uncivil.  Delightful "
	#     "unreserved impossible few estimating men favourable see entreaties. She "
	#     "propriety immediate was improving. He or entrance humoured likewise "
	#     "moderate. Much nor game son say feel. Fat make met can must form into "
	#     "gate. Me we offending prevailed discovery. "
	# )

	# calculate_prob(text)


if __name__ == "__main__":
		main()
