






'''simple docstring'''




from __future__ import annotations

from collections import namedtuple
from dataclasses import dataclass







@dataclass
class       __lowercase					:
	_lowerCamelCase              =  42
	_lowerCamelCase              =  None
	_lowerCamelCase              =  None


lowerCAmelCase__          =						namedtuple('CoinsDistribResult', 'moves excess')







def       __UpperCAmelCase						(  lowerCamelCase_)							->     int:

		if root is None:
				return 0

		# Validation
		def count_nodes(lowerCamelCase_) -> int:
				if node is None:
						return 0

				return count_nodes(node.left) + count_nodes(node.right) + 1

		def count_coins(lowerCamelCase_) -> int:
				if node is None:
						return 0

				return count_coins(node.left) + count_coins(node.right) + node.data

		if count_nodes(lowerCamelCase_) != count_coins(lowerCamelCase_):
				raise ValueError('The nodes number should be same as the number of coins')

		# Main calculation
		def get_distrib(lowerCamelCase_) -> CoinsDistribResult:

				if node is None:
						return CoinsDistribResult(0     ,      1)

				UpperCamelCase__				:					List[Any]					=					get_distrib(node.left)
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Tuple					=					get_distrib(node.right)

				UpperCamelCase__				:					Optional[Any]					=					1 - left_distrib_excess
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Optional[int]					=					1 - right_distrib_excess

				UpperCamelCase__				:					str					=					(
				    left_distrib_moves
				    + right_distrib_moves
				    + abs(lowerCamelCase_)
				    + abs(lowerCamelCase_)
				)
				UpperCamelCase__				:					str					=					node.data - coins_to_left - coins_to_right

				return CoinsDistribResult(lowerCamelCase_     ,      lowerCamelCase_)

		return get_distrib(lowerCamelCase_)[0]


if __name__ == "__main__":
		import doctest

		doctest.testmod()







'''simple docstring'''




from math import log

from scipy.constants import Boltzmann, physical_constants

lowerCAmelCase__          =						300  # TEMPERATURE (unit = K)







def       __UpperCAmelCase						(  lowerCamelCase_     ,      lowerCamelCase_     ,      lowerCamelCase_     ,      )							->     float:

		if donor_conc <= 0:
				raise ValueError('Donor concentration should be positive')
		elif acceptor_conc <= 0:
				raise ValueError('Acceptor concentration should be positive')
		elif intrinsic_conc <= 0:
				raise ValueError('Intrinsic concentration should be positive')
		elif donor_conc <= intrinsic_conc:
				raise ValueError(
				    'Donor concentration should be greater than intrinsic concentration')
		elif acceptor_conc <= intrinsic_conc:
				raise ValueError(
				    'Acceptor concentration should be greater than intrinsic concentration')
		else:
				return (
				    Boltzmann
				    * T
				    * log((donor_conc * acceptor_conc) / intrinsic_conc**2)
				    / physical_constants["electron volt"][0]
				)


if __name__ == "__main__":
		import doctest

		doctest.testmod()




