



import os
from typing import Optional

import fsspec
from fsspec.archive import AbstractArchiveFileSystem
from fsspec.utils import DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE
class 				_snake_case			(					lowercase__):
				UpperCamelCase__				:					List[Any]     		=""""""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					str     		=(
				    None  # protocol passed in prefix to the url. ex: "gzip", for gzip://file.txt::http://foo.bar/file.txt.gz
				)
				UpperCamelCase__				:					str     		=None  # compression type in fsspec. ex: "gzip"
				UpperCamelCase__				:					str     		=None  # extension of the filename to strip. ex: "".gz" to get file.txt from file.txt.gz




				def __init__(						self					:						Any,					__lowercase					:						str = "",					__lowercase					:						Optional[str] = None,					__lowercase					:						Optional[dict] = None,					**__lowercase					:						int						):
							super().__init__(self,					**__lowercase						)
							# always open as "rb" since fsspec can then use the TextIOWrapper to make it work for "r" mode
							lowercase__					  =				fsspec.open(
							    __lowercase,					mode="rb",					protocol=__lowercase,					compression=self.compression,					client_kwargs={
							        "requote_redirect_url": False,  # see https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/pull/5459
							        "trust_env": True,  # Enable reading proxy env variables.
							        **(target_options or {}).pop("client_kwargs",					{}						),  # To avoid issues if it was already passed.
							    },					**(target_options or {}),					)
							lowercase__					  =				os.path.basename(self.file.path.split("::"						)[0]						)
							lowercase__					  =				(
							    self.compressed_name[: self.compressed_name.rindex("."						)]
							    if "." in self.compressed_name
							    else self.compressed_name
							)
							lowercase__					  =				None




				@classmethod
				def 							A__      (						cls					:						Any,					__lowercase					:						List[str]						):
							# compressed file paths are always relative to the archive root
							return super()._strip_protocol(__lowercase						).lstrip("/"						)




				def 							A__      (						self					:						List[str]						):
							if self.dir_cache is None:
										lowercase__					  =				{**self.file.fs.info(self.file.path						), "name": self.uncompressed_name}
										lowercase__					  =				{f["name"]: f}




				def 							A__      (						self					:						Union[str, Any],					__lowercase					:						str						):
							return self.file.open().read()




				def 							A__      (						self					:						Optional[int],					__lowercase					:						str,					__lowercase					:						str = "rb",					__lowercase					:						int=None,					__lowercase					:						str=True,					__lowercase					:						Tuple=None,					**__lowercase					:						Dict,					):
							lowercase__					  =				self._strip_protocol(__lowercase						)
							if mode != "rb":
										raise ValueError(F'''Tried to read with mode {mode} on file {self.file.path} opened with mode \'rb\''''						)
							return self.file.open()
class 				_snake_case			(					lowercase__):
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Any     		="""bz2"""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Dict     		="""bz2"""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Optional[int]     		=""".bz2"""
class 				_snake_case			(					lowercase__):
				UpperCamelCase__				:					int     		="""gzip"""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					List[str]     		="""gzip"""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Optional[Any]     		=""".gz"""
class 				_snake_case			(					lowercase__):
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Any     		="""lz4"""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Union[str, Any]     		="""lz4"""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					List[str]     		=""".lz4"""
class 				_snake_case			(					lowercase__):
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Optional[int]     		="""xz"""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Any     		="""xz"""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					str     		=""".xz"""
class 				_snake_case			(					lowercase__):
				UpperCamelCase__				:					List[Any]     		="""zstd"""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					List[str]     		="""zstd"""
				UpperCamelCase__				:					Any     		=""".zst"""




				def __init__(						self					:						Tuple,					__lowercase					:						str,					__lowercase					:						str = "rb",					__lowercase					:						Optional[str] = None,					__lowercase					:						Optional[dict] = None,					__lowercase					:						int = DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE,					**__lowercase					:						int,					):
							super().__init__(
							    fo=__lowercase,					mode=__lowercase,					target_protocol=__lowercase,					target_options=__lowercase,					block_size=__lowercase,					**__lowercase,					)
							# We need to wrap the zstd decompressor to avoid this error in fsspec==2021.7.0 and zstandard==0.15.2:
							#
							# File "/Users/user/.virtualenvs/hf-datasets/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fsspec/core.py", line 145, in open
							#     out.close = close
							# AttributeError: 'zstd.ZstdDecompressionReader' object attribute 'close' is read-only
							#
							# see https://github.com/intake/filesystem_spec/issues/725
							lowercase__					  =				self.file.__enter__
							class 				_snake_case			:




											def __init__(						self					:						Optional[Any],					__lowercase					:						List[str]						):
														lowercase__					  =				file_




											def __enter__(						self					:						Optional[Any]						):
														self._file.__enter__()
														return self




											def __exit__(						self					:						Optional[Any],					*__lowercase					:						str,					**__lowercase					:						Any						):
														self._file.__exit__(*__lowercase,					**__lowercase						)




											def __iter__(						self					:						Dict						):
														return iter(self._file						)




											def 							A__      (						self					:						Any						):
														return next(self._file						)




											def __getattr__(						self					:						Union[str, Any],					__lowercase					:						Tuple						):
														return getattr(self._file,					__lowercase						)

							def fixed_enter(*__lowercase					:						Union[str, Any],					**__lowercase					:						Dict						):
										return WrappedFile(_enter(*__lowercase,					**__lowercase						)						)

							lowercase__					  =				fixed_enter









def __lowerCAmelCase (     SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_  ):
			if upper_limit < 0:
						raise ValueError("Limit for the Catalan sequence must be ≥ 0"  )

			lowercase__					  =				[0] * (upper_limit + 1)

			# Base case: C(0) = C(1) = 1
			lowercase__					  =				1
			if upper_limit > 0:
						lowercase__					  =				1

			# Recurrence relation: C(i) = sum(C(j).C(i-j-1)), from j = 0 to i
			for i in range(2						,  upper_limit + 1  ):
						for j in range(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_  ):
									catalan_list[i] += catalan_list[j] * catalan_list[i - j - 1]

			return catalan_list


if __name__ == "__main__":
							print("""\n********* Catalan Numbers Using Dynamic Programming ************\n""")
							print("""\n*** Enter -1 at any time to quit ***""")
							print("""\nEnter the upper limit (≥ 0) for the Catalan number sequence: """, end="""""")
							try:
														while True:
																					lowercase_								=     int(input().strip())
																					if N < 0:
																												print("""\n********* Goodbye!! ************""")
																												break
																					else:
																												print(F'The Catalan numbers from 0 through {N} are:')
																												print(catalan_numbers(N))
																												print("""Try another upper limit for the sequence: """, end="""""")
							except (NameError, ValueError):
														print("""\n********* Invalid input, goodbye! ************\n""")

							import doctest

							doctest.testmod()




