


"""simple docstring"""
import importlib
import sys
from argparse import REMAINDER, ArgumentParser
from pathlib import Path

import torch_xla.distributed.xla_multiprocessing as xmp







def 						_a				(      )    ->				Dict:
							snake_case_           =		ArgumentParser(
							    description=(
							        """PyTorch TPU distributed training launch helper utility that will spawn up multiple distributed processes"""
							    )				)

							# Optional arguments for the launch helper
							parser.add_argument("""--num_cores"""				, type=_A				, default=1				, help="""Number of TPU cores to use (1 or 8)."""				)

							# positional
							parser.add_argument(
							    """training_script"""				, type=_A				, help=(
							        """The full path to the single TPU training """
							        """program/script to be launched in parallel, """
							        """followed by all the arguments for the """
							        """training script"""
							    )				, )

							# rest from the training program
							parser.add_argument("""training_script_args"""				, nargs=_A				)

							return parser.parse_args()







def 						_a				(      )    ->				Optional[int]:
							snake_case_           =		parse_args()

							# Import training_script as a module.
							snake_case_           =		Path(args.training_script				)
							sys.path.append(str(script_fpath.parent.resolve()				)				)
							snake_case_           =		script_fpath.stem
							snake_case_           =		importlib.import_module(_A				)

							# Patch sys.argv
							snake_case_           =		[args.training_script] + args.training_script_args + ["""--tpu_num_cores""", str(args.num_cores				)]

							xmp.spawn(mod._mp_fn				, args=()				, nprocs=args.num_cores				)


if __name__ == "__main__":
				main()







"""simple docstring"""
def 						_a				(      _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				)    ->				list:

							# bit count represents no. of bits in the gray code
							if bit_count < 0:
														raise ValueError("""The given input must be positive"""				)

							# get the generated string sequence
							snake_case_           =		gray_code_sequence_string(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				)
							#
							# convert them to integers
							for i in range(len(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				)				):
														snake_case_           =		int(sequence[i]				, 2				)

							return sequence







def 						_a				(      _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				)    ->				list:

							# The approach is a recursive one
							# Base case achieved when either n = 0 or n=1
							if bit_count == 0:
														return ["0"]

							if bit_count == 1:
														return ["0", "1"]

							snake_case_           =		1 << bit_count  # defines the length of the sequence
							# 1<< n is equivalent to 2^n

							# recursive answer will generate answer for n-1 bits
							snake_case_           =		gray_code_sequence_string(bit_count - 1				)

							snake_case_           =		[]

							# append 0 to first half of the smaller sequence generated
							for i in range(seq_len // 2				):
														snake_case_           =		"""0""" + smaller_sequence[i]
														sequence.append(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				)

							# append 1 to second half ... start from the end of the list
							for i in reversed(range(seq_len // 2				)				):
														snake_case_           =		"""1""" + smaller_sequence[i]
														sequence.append(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE				)

							return sequence


if __name__ == "__main__":
				import doctest

				doctest.testmod()



