
"""simple docstring"""



from __future__ import annotations

import random

# Maximum size of the population.  Bigger could be faster but is more memory expensive.
a					:	Tuple							=		2_0_0
# Number of elements selected in every generation of evolution. The selection takes
# place from best to worst of that generation and must be smaller than N_POPULATION.
a					:	Dict							=		5_0
# Probability that an element of a generation can mutate, changing one of its genes.
# This will guarantee that all genes will be used during evolution.
a					:	Optional[int]							=		0.4
# Just a seed to improve randomness required by the algorithm.
random.seed(random.randint(0, 1_0_0_0))


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  tuple[str, float]:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   len([g for position, g in enumerate(_A      ) if g == main_target[position]]      )
    return (item, float(_A      ))


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  tuple[str, str]:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   random.randint(0					,      len(_A      ) - 1      )
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   parent_a[:random_slice] + parent_a[random_slice:]
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   parent_a[:random_slice] + parent_a[random_slice:]
    return (child_a, child_a)


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  str:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   list(_A      )
    if random.uniform(0					,      1      ) < MUTATION_PROBABILITY:
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   random.choice(_A      )
    return "".join(_A      )


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A					,      _A					,      )    ->  list[str]:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   []
    # Generate more children proportionally to the fitness score.
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   int(parent_a[1] * 1_0_0      ) + 1
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   1_0 if child_n >= 1_0 else child_n
    for _ in range(_A      ):
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   population_score[random.randint(0					,      _A      )][0]

        _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   crossover(parent_a[0]					,      _A      )
        # Append new string to the population list.
        pop.append(mutate(_A					,      _A      )      )
        pop.append(mutate(_A					,      _A      )      )
    return pop


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A					,      _A = True      )    ->  tuple[int, int, str]:





    """simple docstring"""

    if N_POPULATION < N_SELECTED:
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   F"""{N_POPULATION} must be bigger than {N_SELECTED}"""
        raise ValueError(_A      )
    # Verify that the target contains no genes besides the ones inside genes variable.
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   sorted({c for c in target if c not in genes}      )
    if not_in_genes_list:
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   F"""{not_in_genes_list} is not in genes list, evolution cannot converge"""
        raise ValueError(_A      )

    # Generate random starting population.
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   []
    for _ in range(_A      ):
        population.append("""""".join([random.choice(_A      ) for i in range(len(_A      )      )]      )      )

    # Just some logs to know what the algorithms is doing.
    _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   0, 0

    # This loop will end when we find a perfect match for our target.
    while True:
        generation += 1
        total_population += len(_A      )

        # Random population created. Now it's time to evaluate.

        # Adding a bit of concurrency can make everything faster,
        #
        # import concurrent.futures
        # population_score: list[tuple[str, float]] = []
        # with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(
        #                                   max_workers=NUM_WORKERS) as executor:
        #     futures = {executor.submit(evaluate, item) for item in population}
        #     concurrent.futures.wait(futures)
        #     population_score = [item.result() for item in futures]
        #
        # but with a simple algorithm like this, it will probably be slower.
        # We just need to call evaluate for every item inside the population.
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   [evaluate(_A					,      _A      ) for item in population]

        # Check if there is a matching evolution.
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   sorted(_A					,      key=lambda _A      : x[1]					,      reverse=_A      )
        if population_score[0][0] == target:
            return (generation, total_population, population_score[0][0])

        # Print the best result every 10 generation.
        # Just to know that the algorithm is working.
        if debug and generation % 1_0 == 0:
            print(
                F"""\nGeneration: {generation}"""
                F"""\nTotal Population:{total_population}"""
                F"""\nBest score: {population_score[0][1]}"""
                F"""\nBest string: {population_score[0][0]}"""      )

        # Flush the old population, keeping some of the best evolutions.
        # Keeping this avoid regression of evolution.
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   population[: int(N_POPULATION / 3      )]
        population.clear()
        population.extend(_A      )
        # Normalize population score to be between 0 and 1.
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   [
            (item, score / len(_A      )) for item, score in population_score
        ]

        # This is selection
        for i in range(_A      ):
            population.extend(select(population_score[int(_A      )]					,      _A					,      _A      )      )
            # Check if the population has already reached the maximum value and if so,
            # break the cycle.  If this check is disabled, the algorithm will take
            # forever to compute large strings, but will also calculate small strings in
            # a far fewer generations.
            if len(_A      ) > N_POPULATION:
                break


if __name__ == "__main__":
 a					:	str							=		(
     '''This is a genetic algorithm to evaluate, combine, evolve, and mutate a string!'''
 )
 a					:	int							=		list(
     ''' ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklm'''
     '''nopqrstuvwxyz.,;!?+-*#@^\'èéòà€ù=)(&%$£/\\'''
 )
 a		, a		, a					:	str							=		basic(target_str, genes_list)
 print(
     F"\nGeneration: {generation}\nTotal Population: {population}\nTarget: {target}"
 )

"""simple docstring"""



import copy
import os
import tempfile
from unittest import TestCase
from unittest.mock import patch

import numpy as np
import pyarrow as pa
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
import pytest

from datasets.arrow_writer import ArrowWriter, OptimizedTypedSequence, ParquetWriter, TypedSequence
from datasets.features import ArrayaD, ClassLabel, Features, Image, Value
from datasets.features.features import ArrayaDExtensionType, cast_to_python_objects
from datasets.keyhash import DuplicatedKeysError, InvalidKeyError

from .utils import require_pil




class 		a_						( _UpperCAmelCase	):







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       str     )		->str:






        '''simple docstring'''






        _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence([1, 2, 3]     )     )
        self.assertEqual(arr.type     ,					pa.intaa()     )







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       Any     )		->List[str]:






        '''simple docstring'''






        with self.assertRaises(__UpperCamelCase     ):
            _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence([1, 2, 3]     )     ,					type=pa.intaa()     )







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       Optional[int]     )		->Tuple:






        '''simple docstring'''






        with self.assertRaises(__UpperCamelCase     ):
            _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence([1, 2, 3]     ,					try_type=Value("""bool"""     )     ,					type=Value("""int64"""     )     )     )







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       List[Any]     )		->Dict:






        '''simple docstring'''






        _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence([1, 2, 3]     ,					type=Value("""int32"""     )     )     )
        self.assertEqual(arr.type     ,					pa.intaa()     )







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       str     )		->Dict:






        '''simple docstring'''






        with self.assertRaises((TypeError, pa.lib.ArrowInvalid)     ):
            _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence(["""foo""", """bar"""]     ,					type=Value("""int64"""     )     )     )







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       Union[str, Any]     )		->str:






        '''simple docstring'''






        _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence([1, 2, 3]     ,					try_type=Value("""int32"""     )     )     )
        self.assertEqual(arr.type     ,					pa.intaa()     )







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       List[str]     )		->Any:






        '''simple docstring'''






        _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence(["""foo""", """bar"""]     ,					try_type=Value("""int64"""     )     )     )
        self.assertEqual(arr.type     ,					pa.string()     )







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       List[Any]     )		->List[Any]:






        '''simple docstring'''






        _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence([[[1, 2, 3]]]     ,					type=ArrayaD((1, 3)     ,					"""int64"""     )     )     )
        self.assertEqual(arr.type     ,					ArrayaDExtensionType((1, 3)     ,					"""int64"""     )     )







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       List[Any]     )		->Optional[Any]:






        '''simple docstring'''






        with self.assertRaises((TypeError, pa.lib.ArrowInvalid)     ):
            _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence(["""foo""", """bar"""]     ,					type=ArrayaD((1, 3)     ,					"""int64"""     )     )     )







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       List[str]     )		->int:






        '''simple docstring'''






        _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence([[[1, 2, 3]]]     ,					try_type=ArrayaD((1, 3)     ,					"""int64"""     )     )     )
        self.assertEqual(arr.type     ,					ArrayaDExtensionType((1, 3)     ,					"""int64"""     )     )







    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       Optional[int]     )		->Dict:






        '''simple docstring'''






        _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence(["""foo""", """bar"""]     ,					try_type=ArrayaD((1, 3)     ,					"""int64"""     )     )     )
        self.assertEqual(arr.type     ,					pa.string()     )







    @require_pil
    def      _snake_case					(			self			:       str     )		->Optional[Any]:






        '''simple docstring'''






        import PIL.Image

        _UpperCAmelCase          =   PIL.Image.fromarray(np.arange(10     ,					dtype=np.uinta     ).reshape(2     ,					5     )     )
        with patch(
            """datasets.arrow_writer.cast_to_python_objects"""     ,					side_effect=__UpperCamelCase     ) as mock_cast_to_python_objects:
            _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence([{"""path""": None, """bytes""": b"""image_bytes"""}, pil_image]     ,					type=Image()     )     )
            _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   mock_cast_to_python_objects.call_args_list[-1]
            self.assertIn("""optimize_list_casting"""     ,					__UpperCamelCase     )
            self.assertFalse(kwargs["""optimize_list_casting"""]     )







def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  Any:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferReader(_A      ) if isinstance(_A					,      pa.Buffer      ) else pa.memory_map(_A      )
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.ipc.open_stream(_A      )
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   f.read_all()
    assert len(pa_table.to_batches()      ) == expected_num_chunks
    assert pa_table.to_pydict() == {"col_1": ["foo", "bar"], "col_2": [1, 2]}
    del pa_table


@pytest.mark.parametrize("""writer_batch_size"""					,      [None, 1, 1_0]      )
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    """fields"""					,      [None, {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}, {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  Optional[Any]:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.schema(_A      ) if fields else None
    with ArrowWriter(stream=_A					,      schema=_A					,      writer_batch_size=_A      ) as writer:
        writer.write({"""col_1""": """foo""", """col_2""": 1}      )
        writer.write({"""col_1""": """bar""", """col_2""": 2}      )
        _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()
    assert num_examples == 2
    assert num_bytes > 0
    if not fields:
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}
    assert writer._schema == pa.schema(_A					,      metadata=writer._schema.metadata      )
    _check_output(output.getvalue()					,      expected_num_chunks=num_examples if writer_batch_size == 1 else 1      )


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						)    ->  Union[str, Any]:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   Features({"""labels""": ClassLabel(names=["""neg""", """pos"""]      )}      )
    with ArrowWriter(stream=_A					,      features=_A      ) as writer:
        writer.write({"""labels""": 0}      )
        writer.write({"""labels""": 1}      )
        _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()
    assert num_examples == 2
    assert num_bytes > 0
    assert writer._schema == features.arrow_schema
    assert writer._schema.metadata == features.arrow_schema.metadata
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferReader(output.getvalue()      )
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.ipc.open_stream(_A      )
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   f.read_all()
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa_table.schema
    assert pa_table.num_rows == 2
    assert schema == features.arrow_schema
    assert schema.metadata == features.arrow_schema.metadata
    assert features == Features.from_arrow_schema(_A      )


@pytest.mark.parametrize("""writer_batch_size"""					,      [None, 1, 1_0]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A      )    ->  Optional[int]:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    with ArrowWriter(
        stream=_A					,      writer_batch_size=_A					,      hash_salt="""split_name"""					,      check_duplicates=_A					,      ) as writer:
        with pytest.raises(_A      ):
            writer.write({"""col_1""": """foo""", """col_2""": 1}					,      key=[1, 2]      )
            _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()


@pytest.mark.parametrize("""writer_batch_size"""					,      [None, 2, 1_0]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A      )    ->  List[Any]:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    with ArrowWriter(
        stream=_A					,      writer_batch_size=_A					,      hash_salt="""split_name"""					,      check_duplicates=_A					,      ) as writer:
        with pytest.raises(_A      ):
            writer.write({"""col_1""": """foo""", """col_2""": 1}					,      key=1_0      )
            writer.write({"""col_1""": """bar""", """col_2""": 2}					,      key=1_0      )
            _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()


@pytest.mark.parametrize("""writer_batch_size"""					,      [None, 2, 1_0]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A      )    ->  Tuple:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    with ArrowWriter(
        stream=_A					,      writer_batch_size=_A					,      hash_salt="""split_name"""					,      check_duplicates=_A					,      ) as writer:
        writer.write({"""col_1""": """foo""", """col_2""": 1}					,      key=1      )
        writer.write({"""col_1""": """bar""", """col_2""": 2}					,      key=2      )
        _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()
    assert num_examples == 2
    assert num_bytes > 0
    _check_output(output.getvalue()					,      expected_num_chunks=num_examples if writer_batch_size == 1 else 1      )


@pytest.mark.parametrize("""writer_batch_size"""					,      [None, 1, 1_0]      )
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    """fields"""					,      [None, {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}, {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  List[Any]:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.schema(_A      ) if fields else None
    with ArrowWriter(stream=_A					,      schema=_A					,      writer_batch_size=_A      ) as writer:
        writer.write_batch({"""col_1""": ["""foo""", """bar"""], """col_2""": [1, 2]}      )
        writer.write_batch({"""col_1""": [], """col_2""": []}      )
        _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()
    assert num_examples == 2
    assert num_bytes > 0
    if not fields:
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}
    assert writer._schema == pa.schema(_A					,      metadata=writer._schema.metadata      )
    _check_output(output.getvalue()					,      expected_num_chunks=num_examples if writer_batch_size == 1 else 1      )


@pytest.mark.parametrize("""writer_batch_size"""					,      [None, 1, 1_0]      )
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    """fields"""					,      [None, {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}, {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  Any:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.schema(_A      ) if fields else None
    with ArrowWriter(stream=_A					,      schema=_A					,      writer_batch_size=_A      ) as writer:
        writer.write_table(pa.Table.from_pydict({"""col_1""": ["""foo""", """bar"""], """col_2""": [1, 2]}      )      )
        _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()
    assert num_examples == 2
    assert num_bytes > 0
    if not fields:
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}
    assert writer._schema == pa.schema(_A					,      metadata=writer._schema.metadata      )
    _check_output(output.getvalue()					,      expected_num_chunks=num_examples if writer_batch_size == 1 else 1      )


@pytest.mark.parametrize("""writer_batch_size"""					,      [None, 1, 1_0]      )
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    """fields"""					,      [None, {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}, {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  List[Any]:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.schema(_A      ) if fields else None
    with ArrowWriter(stream=_A					,      schema=_A					,      writer_batch_size=_A      ) as writer:
        writer.write_row(pa.Table.from_pydict({"""col_1""": ["""foo"""], """col_2""": [1]}      )      )
        writer.write_row(pa.Table.from_pydict({"""col_1""": ["""bar"""], """col_2""": [2]}      )      )
        _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()
    assert num_examples == 2
    assert num_bytes > 0
    if not fields:
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}
    assert writer._schema == pa.schema(_A					,      metadata=writer._schema.metadata      )
    _check_output(output.getvalue()					,      expected_num_chunks=num_examples if writer_batch_size == 1 else 1      )


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						)    ->  str:





    """simple docstring"""

    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   {"""col_1""": pa.string(), """col_2""": pa.intaa()}
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   os.path.join(_A					,      """test.arrow"""      )
        with ArrowWriter(path=_A					,      schema=pa.schema(_A      )      ) as writer:
            writer.write_batch({"""col_1""": ["""foo""", """bar"""], """col_2""": [1, 2]}      )
            _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()
        assert num_examples == 2
        assert num_bytes > 0
        assert writer._schema == pa.schema(_A					,      metadata=writer._schema.metadata      )
        _check_output(_A					,      1      )


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A      )    ->  int:





    """simple docstring"""

    if pa.types.is_list(_A      ):
        return get_base_dtype(arr_type.value_type      )
    else:
        return arr_type


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  Any:





    """simple docstring"""

    if isinstance(lst[0]					,      _A      ):
        change_first_primitive_element_in_list(lst[0]					,      _A      )
    else:
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   value


@pytest.mark.parametrize("""optimized_int_type, expected_dtype"""					,      [(None, pa.intaa()), (Value("""int32"""      ), pa.intaa())]      )
@pytest.mark.parametrize("""sequence"""					,      [[1, 2, 3], [[1, 2, 3]], [[[1, 2, 3]]]]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A					,      _A      )    ->  Dict:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(TypedSequence(_A					,      optimized_int_type=_A      )      )
    assert get_base_dtype(arr.type      ) == expected_dtype


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    """col, expected_dtype"""					,      [
        ("""attention_mask""", pa.inta()),
        ("""special_tokens_mask""", pa.inta()),
        ("""token_type_ids""", pa.inta()),
        ("""input_ids""", pa.intaa()),
        ("""other""", pa.intaa()),
    ]					,      )
@pytest.mark.parametrize("""sequence"""					,      [[1, 2, 3], [[1, 2, 3]], [[[1, 2, 3]]]]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A					,      _A      )    ->  str:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(OptimizedTypedSequence(_A					,      col=_A      )      )
    assert get_base_dtype(arr.type      ) == expected_dtype

    # not in range
    if col != "other":
        # avoids errors due to in-place modifications
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   copy.deepcopy(_A      )
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   np.iinfo(expected_dtype.to_pandas_dtype()      ).max + 1
        change_first_primitive_element_in_list(_A					,      _A      )
        _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.array(OptimizedTypedSequence(_A					,      col=_A      )      )
        assert get_base_dtype(arr.type      ) == pa.intaa()


@pytest.mark.parametrize("""raise_exception"""					,      [False, True]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  Dict:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   str(tmp_path / """dataset-train.arrow"""      )
    try:
        with ArrowWriter(path=_A      ) as writer:
            if raise_exception:
                raise pa.lib.ArrowInvalid()
            else:
                writer.stream.close()
    except pa.lib.ArrowInvalid:
        pass
    finally:
        assert writer.stream.closed


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A      )    ->  Dict:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   """mock://dataset-train.arrow"""
    with ArrowWriter(path=_A					,      storage_options=mockfs.storage_options      ) as writer:
        assert isinstance(writer._fs					,      type(_A      )      )
        assert writer._fs.storage_options == mockfs.storage_options
        writer.write({"""col_1""": """foo""", """col_2""": 1}      )
        writer.write({"""col_1""": """bar""", """col_2""": 2}      )
        _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()
    assert num_examples == 2
    assert num_bytes > 0
    assert mockfs.exists(_A      )


def  _UpperCamelCase	(						)    ->  Dict:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    with ParquetWriter(stream=_A      ) as writer:
        writer.write({"""col_1""": """foo""", """col_2""": 1}      )
        writer.write({"""col_1""": """bar""", """col_2""": 2}      )
        _UpperCAmelCase    ,_UpperCAmelCase          =   writer.finalize()
    assert num_examples == 2
    assert num_bytes > 0
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferReader(output.getvalue()      )
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pq.read_table(_A      )
    assert pa_table.to_pydict() == {"col_1": ["foo", "bar"], "col_2": [1, 2]}


@require_pil
@pytest.mark.parametrize("""embed_local_files"""					,      [False, True]      )
def  _UpperCamelCase	(						_A					,      _A      )    ->  Any:





    """simple docstring"""

    import PIL.Image

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   str(tmp_path / """test_image_rgb.jpg"""      )
    PIL.Image.fromarray(np.zeros((5, 5)					,      dtype=np.uinta      )      ).save(_A					,      format="""png"""      )
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    with ParquetWriter(
        stream=_A					,      features=Features({"""image""": Image()}      )					,      embed_local_files=_A      ) as writer:
        writer.write({"""image""": image_path}      )
        writer.finalize()
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferReader(output.getvalue()      )
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pq.read_table(_A      )
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa_table.to_pydict()
    if embed_local_files:
        assert isinstance(out["""image"""][0]["""path"""]					,      _A      )
        with open(_A					,      """rb"""      ) as f:
            assert out["image"][0]["bytes"] == f.read()
    else:
        assert out["image"][0]["path"] == image_path
        assert out["image"][0]["bytes"] is None







def  _UpperCamelCase	(						)    ->  int:





    """simple docstring"""

    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.schema([pa.field("""col_1"""					,      pa.string()					,      nullable=_A      )]      )
    _UpperCAmelCase          =   pa.BufferOutputStream()
    with ArrowWriter(stream=_A      ) as writer:
        writer._build_writer(inferred_schema=_A      )
        assert writer._schema == pa.schema([pa.field("""col_1"""					,      pa.string()      )]      )