





from math import pi, sqrt, tan




def    A_(			A   ):
	if side_length < 0:
		raise ValueError("""surface_area_cube() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return 6 * side_length**2




def    A_(			A				,      A				,      A   ):
	if length < 0 or breadth < 0 or height < 0:
		raise ValueError("""surface_area_cuboid() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return 2 * ((length * breadth) + (breadth * height) + (length * height))




def    A_(			A   ):
	if radius < 0:
		raise ValueError("""surface_area_sphere() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return 4 * pi * radius**2




def    A_(			A   ):
	if radius < 0:
		raise ValueError("""surface_area_hemisphere() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return 3 * pi * radius**2




def    A_(			A				,      A   ):
	if radius < 0 or height < 0:
		raise ValueError("""surface_area_cone() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return pi * radius * (radius + (height**2 + radius**2) ** 0.5)




def    A_(			A				,      A				,      A   ):
	if radius_a < 0 or radius_a < 0 or height < 0:
		raise ValueError(
		    """surface_area_conical_frustum() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	UpperCAmelCase_								=     (height**2 + (radius_a - radius_a) ** 2) ** 0.5
	return pi * ((slant_height * (radius_a + radius_a)) + radius_a**2 + radius_a**2)




def    A_(			A				,      A   ):
	if radius < 0 or height < 0:
		raise ValueError("""surface_area_cylinder() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return 2 * pi * radius * (height + radius)




def    A_(			A				,      A   ):
	if torus_radius < 0 or tube_radius < 0:
		raise ValueError("""surface_area_torus() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	if torus_radius < tube_radius:
		raise ValueError(
		    """surface_area_torus() does not support spindle or self intersecting tori"""   )
	return 4 * pow(A				,      2   ) * torus_radius * tube_radius




def    A_(			A				,      A   ):
	if length < 0 or width < 0:
		raise ValueError("""area_rectangle() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return length * width




def    A_(			A   ):
	if side_length < 0:
		raise ValueError("""area_square() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return side_length**2




def    A_(			A				,      A   ):
	if base < 0 or height < 0:
		raise ValueError("""area_triangle() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return (base * height) / 2




def    A_(			A				,      A				,      A   ):
	if sidea < 0 or sidea < 0 or sidea < 0:
		raise ValueError("""area_triangle_three_sides() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	elif sidea + sidea < sidea or sidea + sidea < sidea or sidea + sidea < sidea:
		raise ValueError("""Given three sides do not form a triangle"""   )
	UpperCAmelCase_								=     (sidea + sidea + sidea) / 2
	UpperCAmelCase_								=     sqrt(
	    semi_perimeter
	    * (semi_perimeter - sidea)
	    * (semi_perimeter - sidea)
	    * (semi_perimeter - sidea)   )
	return area




def    A_(			A				,      A   ):
	if base < 0 or height < 0:
		raise ValueError("""area_parallelogram() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return base * height




def    A_(			A				,      A				,      A   ):
	if basea < 0 or basea < 0 or height < 0:
		raise ValueError("""area_trapezium() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return 1 / 2 * (basea + basea) * height




def    A_(			A   ):
	if radius < 0:
		raise ValueError("""area_circle() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return pi * radius**2




def    A_(			A				,      A   ):
	if radius_x < 0 or radius_y < 0:
		raise ValueError("""area_ellipse() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return pi * radius_x * radius_y




def    A_(			A				,      A   ):
	if diagonal_a < 0 or diagonal_a < 0:
		raise ValueError("""area_rhombus() only accepts non-negative values"""   )
	return 1 / 2 * diagonal_a * diagonal_a




def    A_(			A				,      A   ):
	if not isinstance(A				,      A   ) or sides < 3:
		raise ValueError(
		    """area_reg_polygon() only accepts integers greater than or \
equal to three as number of sides"""   )
	elif length < 0:
		raise ValueError(
		    """area_reg_polygon() only accepts non-negative values as \
length of a side"""   )
	return (sides * length**2) / (4 * tan(pi / sides   ))
	return (sides * length**2) / (4 * tan(pi / sides   ))


if __name__ == "__main__":
				import doctest

				doctest.testmod(verbose=True)  # verbose so we can see methods missing tests

				print("""[DEMO] Areas of various geometric shapes: \n""")
				print(f"Rectangle: {area_rectangle(10, 20) = }")
				print(f"Square: {area_square(10) = }")
				print(f"Triangle: {area_triangle(10, 10) = }")
				print(f"Triangle: {area_triangle_three_sides(5, 12, 13) = }")
				print(f"Parallelogram: {area_parallelogram(10, 20) = }")
				print(f"Rhombus: {area_rhombus(10, 20) = }")
				print(f"Trapezium: {area_trapezium(10, 20, 30) = }")
				print(f"Circle: {area_circle(20) = }")
				print(f"Ellipse: {area_ellipse(10, 20) = }")
				print("""\nSurface Areas of various geometric shapes: \n""")
				print(f"Cube: {surface_area_cube(20) = }")
				print(f"Cuboid: {surface_area_cuboid(10, 20, 30) = }")
				print(f"Sphere: {surface_area_sphere(20) = }")
				print(f"Hemisphere: {surface_area_hemisphere(20) = }")
				print(f"Cone: {surface_area_cone(10, 20) = }")
				print(f"Conical Frustum: {surface_area_conical_frustum(10, 20, 30) = }")
				print(f"Cylinder: {surface_area_cylinder(10, 20) = }")
				print(f"Torus: {surface_area_torus(20, 10) = }")
				print(f"Equilateral Triangle: {area_reg_polygon(3, 10) = }")
				print(f"Square: {area_reg_polygon(4, 10) = }")
				print(f"Reqular Pentagon: {area_reg_polygon(5, 10) = }")









from __future__ import annotations




def    A_(			A   ):
	if not nums:
		raise ValueError("""List is empty"""   )
	return sum(A   ) / len(A   )


if __name__ == "__main__":
				import doctest

				doctest.testmod()


