
def 							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      (			UpperCamelCase__		):
      UpperCamelCase__    :   Union[str, Any]					=				int(UpperCamelCase__		)
      if decimal in (0, 1):  # Exit cases for the recursion
            return str(UpperCamelCase__		)
      UpperCamelCase__    :   Any					=				divmod(UpperCamelCase__ ,		2		)
      return binary_recursive(UpperCamelCase__		) + str(UpperCamelCase__		)


def 							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      (			UpperCamelCase__		):
      UpperCamelCase__    :   Optional[Any]					=				str(UpperCamelCase__		).strip()
      if not number:
            raise ValueError('''No input value was provided'''		)
      UpperCamelCase__    :   Optional[int]					=				'''-''' if number.startswith('''-'''		) else ''''''
      UpperCamelCase__    :   Optional[Any]					=				number.lstrip('''-'''		)
      if not number.isnumeric():
            raise ValueError('''Input value is not an integer'''		)
      return f'''{negative}0b{binary_recursive(int(UpperCamelCase__		)		)}'''


if __name__ == "__main__":
    from doctest import testmod

    testmod()








from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Callable


def 							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      (			UpperCamelCase__ ,		UpperCamelCase__ ,		UpperCamelCase__ ,		UpperCamelCase__ = 1_0_0 ,		):
      UpperCamelCase__    :   Union[str, Any]					=				x_start
      UpperCamelCase__    :   List[Any]					=				fnc(UpperCamelCase__		)
      UpperCamelCase__    :   Any					=				0.0
      for _ in range(UpperCamelCase__		):
            # Approximates small segments of curve as linear and solve
            # for trapezoidal area
            UpperCamelCase__    :   str					=				(x_end - x_start) / steps + xa
            UpperCamelCase__    :   Dict					=				fnc(UpperCamelCase__		)
            area += abs(fxa + fxa		) * (xa - xa) / 2
            # Increment step
            UpperCamelCase__    :   Tuple					=				xa
            UpperCamelCase__    :   Union[str, Any]					=				fxa
      return area


if __name__ == "__main__":


    def 							SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_      (			UpperCamelCase__		):
          return x**3 + x**2

    print("f(x) = x^3 + x^2")
    print("The area between the curve, x = -5, x = 5 and the x axis is:")
    lowerCamelCase      =1_0
    while i <= 1_0_0_0_0_0:
        print(F'''with {i} steps: {trapezoidal_area(f, -5, 5, i)}''')
        i *= 1_0


