text: Zero-shot learning transfers knowledge from seen classes to novel unseen classes to reduce human labor of labelling data for building new classifiers. Much effort on zero-shot learning however has focused on the standard multi-class setting, the more challenging multi-label zero-shot problem has received limited attention. In this paper we propose a transfer-aware embedding projection approach to tackle multi-label zero-shot learning. The approach projects the label embedding vectors into a low-dimensional space to induce better inter-label relationships and explicitly facilitate information transfer from seen labels to unseen labels, while simultaneously learning a max-margin multi-label classifier with the projected label embeddings. Auxiliary information can be conveniently incorporated to guide the label embedding projection to further improve label relation structures for zero-shot knowledge transfer. We conduct experiments for zero-shot multi-label image classification. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
  @cite_30: We consider a special type of multi-label learning where class assignments of training examples are incomplete. As an example, an instance whose true class assignment is (c 1 , c 2 , c 3 ) is only assigned to class c 1 when it is used as a training sample. We refer to this problem as multi-label learning with incomplete class assignment. Incompletely labeled data is frequently encountered when the number of classes is very large (hundreds as in MIR Flickr dataset) or when there is a large ambiguity between classes (e.g., jet vs plane). In both cases, it is difficult for users to provide complete class assignments for objects. We propose a ranking based multi-label learning framework that explicitly addresses the challenge of learning from incompletely labeled data by exploiting the group lasso technique to combine the ranking errors. We present a learning algorithm that is empirically shown to be efficient for solving the related optimization problem. Our empirical study shows that the proposed framework is more effective than the state-of-the-art algorithms for multi-label learning in dealing with incompletely labeled data.
  @cite_28: 
  @cite_1: Multilabel classification is a central problem in many areas of data analysis, including text and multimedia categorization, where individual data objects need to be assigned multiple labels. A key challenge in these tasks is to learn a classifier that can properly exploit label correlations without requiring exponential enumeration of label subsets during training or testing. We investigate novel loss functions for multilabel training within a large margin framework—identifying a simple alternative that yields improved generalization while still allowing efficient training. We furthermore show how co-variances between the label models can be learned simultaneously with the classification model itself, in a jointly convex formulation, without compromising scalability. The resulting combination yields state of the art accuracy in multilabel webpage classification.
  @cite_23: Multi-label learning has attracted significant interests in computer vision recently, finding applications in many vision tasks such as multiple object recognition and automatic image annotation. Associating multiple labels to a complex image is very difficult, not only due to the intricacy of describing the image, but also because of the incompleteness nature of the observed labels. Existing works on the problem either ignore the label-label and instance-instance correlations or just assume these correlations are linear and unstructured. Considering that semantic correlations between images are actually structured, in this paper we propose to incorporate structured semantic correlations to solve the missing label problem of multi-label learning. Specifically, we project images to the semantic space with an effective semantic descriptor. A semantic graph is then constructed on these images to capture the structured correlations between them. We utilize the semantic graph Laplacian as a smooth term in the multi-label learning formulation to incorporate the structured semantic correlations. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed semantic descriptor and the usefulness of incorporating the structured semantic correlations. We achieve better results than state-of-the-art multi-label learning methods on four benchmark datasets.
  @cite_10: 
  @cite_11: Image annotation datasets are becoming larger and larger, with tens of millions of images and tens of thousands of possible annotations. We propose a strongly performing method that scales to such datasets by simultaneously learning to optimize precision at the top of the ranked list of annotations for a given image and learning a low-dimensional joint embedding space for both images and annotations. Our method, called WSABIE, both outperforms several baseline methods and is faster and consumes less memory.
summary: Multi-label Classification Multi-label classification is relevant in many application domains, where each data instance can be assigned into multiple classes. Many multi-label learning works developed in the literature have centered on exploiting the correlation interdependency information between the multiple labels, including the max-margin learning methods with pairwise ranking loss @cite_10 , weighted approximate pairwise ranking loss (WARP) @cite_11 , and calibrated separation ranking loss (CSRL) @cite_1 . Moreover, incomplete labels are frequently encountered in many multi-label applications due to noise or crowd-sourcing, where only a subset of true labels are provided on some training instances. Multi-label learning methods with missing labels have largely depended on observed label correlations to overcome the label incompleteness of the training data @cite_30 @cite_28 @cite_23 . These methods however assumed that all the labels are at least observed on a subset of training data and they cannot handle the more challenging zero-shot learning setting where some labels are completely missing from the training instances.