text: What is the future of fashion? Tackling this question from a data-driven vision perspective, we propose to forecast visual style trends before they occur. We introduce the first approach to predict the future popularity of styles discovered from fashion images in an unsupervised manner. Using these styles as a basis, we train a forecasting model to represent their trends over time. The resulting model can hypothesize new mixtures of styles that will become popular in the future, discover style dynamics (trendy vs. classic), and name the key visual attributes that will dominate tomorrow's fashion. We demonstrate our idea applied to three datasets encapsulating 80,000 fashion products sold across six years on Amazon. Results indicate that fashion forecasting benefits greatly from visual analysis, much more than textual or meta-data cues surrounding products.
  @cite_30: Building a successful recommender system depends on understanding both the dimensions of people's preferences as well as their dynamics. In certain domains, such as fashion, modeling such preferences can be incredibly difficult, due to the need to simultaneously model the visual appearance of products as well as their evolution over time. The subtle semantics and non-linear dynamics of fashion evolution raise unique challenges especially considering the sparsity and large scale of the underlying datasets. In this paper we build novel models for the One-Class Collaborative Filtering setting, where our goal is to estimate users' fashion-aware personalized ranking functions based on their past feedback. To uncover the complex and evolving visual factors that people consider when evaluating products, our method combines high-level visual features extracted from a deep convolutional neural network, users' past feedback, as well as evolving trends within the community. Experimentally we evaluate our method on two large real-world datasets from Amazon.com, where we show it to outperform state-of-the-art personalized ranking measures, and also use it to visualize the high-level fashion trends across the 11-year span of our dataset.
  @cite_8: Fashion is a perpetual topic in human social life, and the mass has the penchant to emulate what large city residents and celebrities wear. Undeniably, New York City is such a bellwether large city with all kinds of fashion leadership. Consequently, to study what the fashion trends are during this year, it is very helpful to learn the fashion trends of New York City. Discovering fashion trends in New York City could boost many applications such as clothing recommendation and advertising. Does the fashion trend in the New York Fashion Show actually influence the clothing styles on the public? To answer this question, we design a novel system that consists of three major components: (1) constructing a large dataset from the New York Fashion Shows and New York street chic in order to understand the likely clothing fashion trends in New York, (2) utilizing a learning-based approach to discover fashion attributes as the representative characteristics of fashion trends, and (3) comparing the analysis results from the New York Fashion Shows and street-chic images to verify whether the fashion shows have actual influence on the people in New York City. Through the preliminary experiments over a large clothing dataset, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system, and obtain useful insights on fashion trends and fashion influence.
  @cite_41: In this paper, we analyze the fashion of clothing of a large social website. Our goal is to learn and predict how fashionable a person looks on a photograph and suggest subtle improvements the user could make to improve her his appeal. We propose a Conditional Random Field model that jointly reasons about several fashionability factors such as the type of outfit and garments the user is wearing, the type of the user, the photograph's setting (e.g., the scenery behind the user), and the fashionability score. Importantly, our model is able to give rich feedback back to the user, conveying which garments or even scenery she he should change in order to improve fashionability. We demonstrate that our joint approach significantly outperforms a variety of intelligent baselines. We additionally collected a novel heterogeneous dataset with 144,169 user posts containing diverse image, textual and meta information which can be exploited for our task. We also provide a detailed analysis of the data, showing different outfit trends and fashionability scores across the globe and across a span of 6 years.
  @cite_3: In this paper, we explore deep learning methods for estimating when the objects were made. Temporal estimation of objects is a challenging task which requires expertise in the object domain. With temporal information of objects, historian, genealogists, sociologist, archaeologist or conservationists can study the past through the objects. Toward this goal, we utilize features from existing deep networks and fine-tune new networks for temporal estimation task. The results demonstrate that the deep learning approach outperforms both a color-based baseline and visual data mining approach which is the previous state of the art method for the temporal estimation. To gain the insights into the deep network performance, we provide the analyses of neuron activations and their entropy including neuron temporal sensitivity, neuron activity and the correlation between discriminative parts from the deep network and the data mining approach. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of the temporal estimation pipeline for an interesting application such as fashion trend analysis.
  @cite_20: Clothing and fashion are an integral part of our everyday lives. In this paper we present an approach to studying fashion both on the runway and in more real-world settings, computationally, and at large scale, using computer vision. Our contributions include collecting a new runway dataset, designing features suitable for capturing outfit appearance, collecting human judgments of outfit similarity, and learning similarity functions on the features to mimic those judgments. We provide both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluations of our learned models to assess performance on outfit similarity prediction as well as season, year, and brand estimation. An example application tracks visual trends as runway fashions filter down to "real way" street fashions.
summary: Beyond categorizing styles, a few initial studies analyze fashion . A preliminary experiment plots frequency of attributes (floral, pastel, neon) observed over time @cite_20 . Similarly, a visualization shows the frequency of garment meta-data over time in two cities @cite_41 . The system in @cite_3 predicts when an object was made.The collaborative filtering recommendation system of @cite_30 is enhanced by accounting for the temporal dynamics of fashion, with qualitative evidence it can capture popularity changes of items in the past (i.e., Hawaiian shirts gained popularity after 2009). A study in @cite_8 looks for correlation between attributes popular in New York fashion shows versus what is seen later on the street. Whereas all of the above center around analyzing (observed) trend data, we propose to forecast the (unobserved) styles that will emerge. To our knowledge, our work is the first to tackle the problem of visual style forecasting, and we offer objective evaluation on large-scale datasets.