text: Princeton WordNet is one of the most important resources for natural language processing, but is only available for English. While it has been translated using the expand approach to many other languages, this is an expensive manual process. Therefore it would be beneficial to have a high-quality automatic translation approach that would support NLP techniques, which rely on WordNet in new languages. The translation of wordnets is fundamentally complex because of the need to translate all senses of a word including low frequency senses, which is very challenging for current machine translation approaches. For this reason we leverage existing translations of WordNet in other languages to identify contextual information for wordnet senses from a large set of generic parallel corpora. We evaluate our approach using 10 translated wordnets for European languages. Our experiment shows a significant improvement over translation without any contextual information. Furthermore, we evaluate how the choice of pivot languages affects performance of multilingual word sense disambiguation.
  @cite_54: We participated in the SemEval-2007 coarse-grained English all-words task and fine-grained English all-words task. We used a supervised learning approach with SVM as the learning algorithm. The knowledge sources used include local collocations, parts-of-speech, and surrounding words. We gathered training examples from English-Chinese parallel corpora, SemCor, and DSO corpus. While the fine-grained sense inventory of WordNet was used to train our system employed for the fine-grained English all-words task, our system employed for the coarse-grained English all-words task was trained with the coarse-grained sense inventory released by the task organizers. Our scores (for both recall and precision) are 0.825 and 0.587 for the coarse-grained English all-words task and fine-grained English all-words task respectively. These scores put our systems in the first place for the coarse-grained English all-words task and the second place for the fine-grained English all-words task.
  @cite_18: 
  @cite_45: A central problem of word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the lack of manually sense-tagged data required for supervised learning. In this paper, we evaluate an approach to automatically acquire sense-tagged training data from English-Chinese parallel corpora, which are then used for disambiguating the nouns in the SENSEVAL-2 English lexical sample task. Our investigation reveals that this method of acquiring sense-tagged data is promising. On a subset of the most difficult SENSEVAL-2 nouns, the accuracy difference between the two approaches is only 14.0 , and the difference could narrow further to 6.5 if we disregard the advantage that manually sense-tagged data have in their sense coverage. Our analysis also highlights the importance of the issue of domain dependence in evaluating WSD programs.
  @cite_56: The paper presents a method for word sense disambiguation based on parallel corpora. The method exploits recent advances in word alignment and word clustering based on automatic extraction of translation equivalents and being supported by available aligned wordnets for the languages in the corpus. The wordnets are aligned to the Princeton Wordnet, according to the principles established by EuroWordNet. The evaluation of the WSD system, implementing the method described herein showed very encouraging results. The same system used in a validation mode, can be used to check and spot alignment errors in multilingually aligned wordnets as BalkaNet and EuroWordNet.
summary: The use of parallel corpora has been previously exploited for word sense disambiguation, for example to construct sense-tagged corpora in another language @cite_45 or by using translations as a method to discriminate senses @cite_18 . It has been shown that the combination of these techniques can improve supervised word sense disambiguation @cite_54 . A similar approach to the one proposed in this paper is that of @cite_56 , where they show that using the interlingual index of WordNet with the help of parallel text can improve word sense disambiguation of a monolingual approach and we generalize this result to generate wordnets for new languages.