text: We discuss a programming language for real-time audio signal processing that is embedded in the functional language Haskell and uses the Low-Level Virtual Machine as back-end. With that framework we can code with the comfort and type safety of Haskell while achieving maximum efficiency of fast inner loops and full vectorisation. This way Haskell becomes a valuable alternative to special purpose signal processing languages.
  @cite_3: In this paper, we describe ChucK - a programming language and programming model for writing precisely timed, concurrent audio synthesis and multimedia programs. Precise concurrent audio programming has been an unsolved (and ill-defined) problem. ChucK provides a concurrent programming model that solves this problem and significantly enhances designing, developing, and reasoning about programs with complex audio timing. ChucK employs a novel data-driven timing mechanism and a related time-based synchronization model, both implemented in a virtual machine. We show how these features enable precise, concurrent audio programming and provide a high degree of programmability in writing real-time audio and multimedia programs. As an extension, programmers can use this model to write code on-the-fly -- while the program is running. These features provide a powerful programming tool for building and experimenting with complex audio synthesis and multimedia programs.
summary: Another special purpose language is ChucK @cite_3 . Distinguishing features of ChucK are the generalisation to many different rates and the possibility of programming while the program is running, that is while the sound is playing. As explained in internal-parameter we can already cope with control signals at different rates, however the management of sample rates at all could be better if it was integrated in our framework for physical dimensions. Since the systems Hugs and GHC both have a fine interactive mode, can in principle also be used for live coding. However it still requires better support by LLVM (shared libraries) and by our implementation.