text: Mobile smartphones along with embedded sensors have become an efficient enabler for various mobile applications including opportunistic sensing. The hi-tech advances in smartphones are opening up a world of possibilities. This paper proposes a mobile collaborative platform called MOSDEN that enables and supports opportunistic sensing at run time. MOSDEN captures and shares sensor data across multiple apps, smartphones and users. MOSDEN supports the emerging trend of separating sensors from application-specific processing, storing and sharing. MOSDEN promotes reuse and re-purposing of sensor data hence reducing the efforts in developing novel opportunistic sensing applications. MOSDEN has been implemented on Android-based smartphones and tablets. Experimental evaluations validate the scalability and energy efficiency of MOSDEN and its suitability towards real world applications. The results of evaluation and lessons learned are presented and discussed in this paper.
  @cite_18: As we are moving towards the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of sensors deployed around the world is growing at a rapid pace. Market research has shown a significant growth of sensor deployments over the past decade and has predicted a significant increment of the growth rate in the future. These sensors continuously generate enormous amounts of data. However, in order to add value to raw sensor data we need to understand it. Collection, modelling, reasoning, and distribution of context in relation to sensor data plays critical role in this challenge. Context-aware computing has proven to be successful in understanding sensor data. In this paper, we survey context awareness from an IoT perspective. We present the necessary background by introducing the IoT paradigm and context-aware fundamentals at the beginning. Then we provide an in-depth analysis of context life cycle. We evaluate a subset of projects (50) which represent the majority of research and commercial solutions proposed in the field of context-aware computing conducted over the last decade (2001-2011) based on our own taxonomy. Finally, based on our evaluation, we highlight the lessons to be learnt from the past and some possible directions for future research. The survey addresses a broad range of techniques, methods, models, functionalities, systems, applications, and middleware solutions related to context awareness and IoT. Our goal is not only to analyse, compare and consolidate past research work but also to appreciate their findings and discuss their applicability towards the IoT.
  @cite_22: Internet of Things (IoT) will comprise billions of devices that can sense, communicate, compute and potentially actuate. Data streams coming from these devices will challenge the traditional approaches to data management and contribute to the emerging paradigm of big data. This paper discusses emerging Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, large scale sensor network applications, federating sensor networks, sensor data and related context capturing techniques, challenges in cloud-based management, storing, archiving and processing of sensor data.
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  @cite_0: Mobile activity recognition focuses on inferring the current activities of a mobile user by leveraging the rich sensory data that is available on today's smart phones and other wearable sensors. The state of the art in mobile activity recognition research has focused on traditional classification learning techniques. In this paper, we propose the Mobile Activity Recognition System (MARS) where for the first time the classifier is built on-board the mobile device itself through ubiquitous data stream mining in an incremental manner. The advantages of on-board data stream mining for mobile activity recognition are: i) personalisation of models built to individual users; ii) increased privacy as the data is not sent to an external site; iii) adaptation of the model as the user's activity profile changes. In our extensive experimental results using a recent benchmarking activity recognition dataset, we show that MARS can achieve similar accuracy when compared with traditional classifiers for activity recognition, while at the same time being scalable and efficient in terms of the mobile device resources consumption. MARS has been implemented on the Android platform for empirical evaluation.
  @cite_19: In this paper, we propose and develop a platform to support data collection for mobile crowdsensing from mobile device sensors that is under-pinned by real-time mobile data stream mining. We experimentally show that mobile data mining provides an efficient and scalable approach for data collection for mobile crowdsensing. Our approach results in reducing the amount of data sent, as well as the energy usage on the mobile phone, while providing comparable levels of accuracy to traditional models of intermittent continuous sensing and sending. We have implemented our Context-Aware Real-time Open Mobile Miner (CAROMM) to facilitate data collection from mobile users for crowdsensing applications. CAROMM also collects and correlates this real-time sensory information with social media data from both Twitter and Facebook. CAROMM supports delivering real-time information to mobile users for queries that pertain to specific locations of interest. We have evaluated our framework by collecting real-time data over a period of days from mobile users and experimentally demonstrated that mobile data mining is an effective and efficient strategy for mobile crowdsensing.
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  @cite_11: Activity-aware systems have inspired novel user interfaces and new applications in smart environments, surveillance, emergency response, and military missions. Systems that recognize human activities from body-worn sensors can further open the door to a world of healthcare applications, such as fitness monitoring, eldercare support, long-term preventive and chronic care, and cognitive assistance. Wearable systems have the advantage of being with the user continuously. So, for example, a fitness application could use real-time activity information to encourage users to perform opportunistic activities. Furthermore, the general public is more likely to accept such activity recognition systems because they are usually easy to turn off or remove.
summary: Numerous real and successful mobile applications have emerged in recent times such as WAYZ http: www.wayz.com for real-time traffic navigation information and Wazer2 https: www.wazer2.co.il for real-time, location-based citizen journalism, context-aware open-mobile miner (CAROMM) @cite_19 among others. Mobile applications @cite_22 @cite_21 thrive on the data obtained from heterogeneous sets of smart phones owned and operated by humans. Until recently mobile sensing application such as activity recognition (, where people's activity (e.g. walking, talking, sitting) is classified and monitored, required specialised mobile devices @cite_11 @cite_6 . This has significantly changed with advent of smartphones equipped with on-board sensing capabilities. More recently, research efforts have focused on development of activity recognition, context-aware @cite_18 and data mining models for smartphones @cite_0 @cite_3 @cite_16 that leverage on smartphone's processing and on-board sensing capabilities.