text: The design of modern proof assistants is faced with several sometimes conflicting goals, including scalability, extensibility, and soundness of proof checking. In this paper, we propose a new design for proof assistants, in an attempt to address some of these difficulties. The new design is characterized by a pervasive use of macros in representing and checking proofs, and a foundational format for theory files based on JSON. We realize these ideas in a prototype proof assistant called holpy, implemented in Python. We also demonstrate how proof automation can be extended using Python under this framework. Finally, we present a case study about a simple imperative language.
  @cite_0: Interactive theorem proving is tackling ever larger formalization and verification projects, and there is a critical need for theory engineering techniques to support these efforts. One such technique is cross-prover package management, which has the potential to simplify the development of logical theories and effectively share theories between different theorem prover implementations. The OpenTheory project has developed standards for packaging theories of the higher order logic implemented by the HOL family of theorem provers. What is currently missing is a standard theory library that can serve as a published contract of interoperability and contain proofs of basic properties that would otherwise appear in many theory packages. The core contribution of this paper is the presentation of a standard theory library for higher order logic represented as an OpenTheory package. We identify the core theory set of the HOL family of theorem provers, and describe the process of instrumenting the HOL Light theorem prover to extract a standardized version of its core theory development. We profile the axioms and theorems of our standard theory library and investigate the performance cost of separating the standard theory library into coherent hierarchical theory packages.
  @cite_5: Numerous contributions have been made for some years to allow users to exchange formal proofs between different provers. The main propositions consist in ad hoc pointwise translations, e.g. between HOL Light and Isabelle in the Flyspeck project or uses of more or less complete certificates. We propose in this paper a methodology to combine proofs coming from different theorem provers. This methodology relies on the Dedukti logical framework as a common formalism in which proofs can be translated and combined. To relate the independently developed mathematical libraries used in proof assistants, we rely on the structuring features offered by FoCaLiZe, in particular parameterized modules and inheritance to build a formal library of transfer theorems called MathTransfer. We finally illustrate this methodology on the Sieve of Eratosthenes, which we prove correct using HOL and Coq in combination.
summary: OpenTheory @cite_0 and Dedukti @cite_5 both provide a universal language for representing theories in a very general logic, at least in part with the aim to allow communication between different proof assistants. While we also provide a common format for theories, our aim is different. Our common format is based on a relatively simple logic. Rather than aiming for interoperability with other proof assistants, we aim to allow many different applications, including user interfaces, to work on the same base library. In this way, we do not have to worry about compatibility of definitions of basic concepts. The use of macros also mean that the common format is able to scale to very large proofs.