text: ABSTRACTIn many ‘smart city’ applications, congestion arises in part due to the nature of signals received by individuals from a central authority. In the model of , each agent uses one out of multiple resources at each time instant. The per-use cost of a resource depends on the number of concurrent users. A central authority has up-to-date knowledge of the congestion across all resources and uses randomisation to provide a scalar or an interval for each resource at each time. In this paper, the interval to broadcast per resource is obtained by taking the minima and maxima of costs observed within a time window of length r, rather than by randomisation. We show that the resulting distribution of agents across resources also converges in distribution, under plausible assumptions about the evolution of the population over time.
  @cite_37: We study the effect of customer choices in bicycle-sharing systems based on bicycle availability predictions. We show that such systems may lead to flapping behavior between bicycle stations. The consequences of flapping instability include poor user experience and suboptimal usage of the available bicycle stock. We propose a simple assignment strategy aimed at eliminating flapping and balancing demand at each station based on actual availability.
  @cite_7: This chapter is composed of 4 main overview sections. Section 2 presents an overview of traffic flow modeling advancements. Section 3 addresses the issue of route guidance and information systems and sections 4 and 5 are concerned with specific road and motorway control systems, respectively.
  @cite_55: AbstractThis paper reviews key aspects of route guidance and information systems (RGISs), which disseminate to drivers messages with information and recommendations intended to assist their route choice decisions. It first summarizes the major features that characterize and distinguish different RGIS designs. An important distinction exists between non-predictive and predictive systems. In the former, guidance messages are based on measurements or estimates of prevailing network conditions, while, in the latter, messages are derived from forecasts of future conditions. For predictive systems, the key issue is consistency: ensuring that drivers’ reactions to guidance derived from forecasts do not invalidate those forecasts. It is shown that the determination of consistent guidance must be model based and can be formulated as a fixed-point problem. The modelling of driver response to guidance is a relatively new subject; the paper surveys the main issues, and relates these to the user-and system-level evalu...
  @cite_3: Abstract This paper considers the problem of dynamic traffic assignment under the principle that individual drivers will choose fastest paths, in the dynamic situation where path durations consist of time-dependent link travel times. Rather than constructing a unified model encompassing traffic dynamics and route choice, we decompose the model into an assignment mapping, which identifies the link travel times resulting from an input routing policy, and a routing mapping, which yields fastest-path routings associated with input link travel times. Since time-dynamic link travel times are influenced by route choice, this dynamic situation therefore encompasses predictive routing strategies. We establish that user-equilibrium routing policies are fixed points of the composition of the routing and assignment functions. After discussing difficulties associated with establishing existence of fixed points under discrete-time modeling and all-or-nothing routing, we present instead new iterative routing mappings for continuous-time multipath routing (the splitting of a single-class flow onto multiple paths), which adjust routing policies more incrementally. We provide sufficient conditions for existence of fixed points in various routing policy domains and offer some suggestions on the computation of these fixed-point policies.
  @cite_6: Abstract Dynamic network models are needed to analyze traffic congestion patterns for new real-time motorist information systems. In previous research, a dynamic network modeling framework incorporating behavioral models of drivers' route and departure time choices and their day-to-day adjustment processes was developed. Network performance in this framework is represented by time dependent arrival and departure rates, link occupancies, and queuing delays. The purpose of this paper is to extend this framework to include explicit models of drivers' information acquisition and integration. The need for these models is motivated by considering the possible beneficial and counter-productive effects that may be caused by enhanced motorist information. Information on network conditions influences the set of routes considered by a driver and also affects the perceived values of the level of service attributes. The paper presents the structure of a dynamic model in which newly acquired information may affect pretrip and en-route travel decisions. To assess the potential magnitudes of the effects that were identified further theoretical and empirical research is needed.
  @cite_0: This paper introduces and illustrates some novel stochastic policies that assign parking spaces to cars looking for an available parking space. We analyze in detail both the main features of a single park, i.e., how a car could conveniently decide whether to try its luck at that parking lot or try elsewhere, and the case when more parking lots are available, and how to choose the best one. We discuss the practical requirements of the proposed strategies in terms of infrastructure technology and vehicles' equipment and the mathematical properties of the proposed algorithms in terms of robustness against delays, stability, and reliability. Preliminary results obtained from simulations are also provided to illustrate the feasibility and the potential of our stochastic assignment policies.
  @cite_34: 
summary: On the interface of transportation and control theory, there has been a recent interest in load balancing @cite_0 @cite_37 . These schemes, however, rely on simple randomisation, without modelling heterogenous agent behaviour and actions and without allowing for the same information to be provided to all agents. On the interface of transportation and behavioral science, Ben- @cite_6 have studied the effects of information on drivers. In a number of subsequent papers @cite_3 @cite_55 and the dissertation of Bottom @cite_34 , fixed points have been used to study deterministic scalar signaling with deterministic response of the population. See @cite_7 for an extensive survey. In contrast, our analysis can be seen as a study of a probabilistic counter-part of fixed points, which allows for the uncertainty in the response of the population.