== Litteratur ==
* Birley, Anthony R. (2000): ''Hadrian to the Antonines''. I: The Cambridge Ancient History, bind 11: The High Empire, AD 70–192, udgivet af Alan Bowman, Peter Garnsey, and Dominic Rathbone, 132–94. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0521263351}}
* Brøndsted, K.G. (1964): ''Kejser Marcus Aurelius''. Haase og Søn.
* Bundgaard, J.A.: (1998) (oversætter): ''Marcus Aurelius – Meditationer'', Det lille Forlag. {{ISBN|87-90030-45-1}}
* Gibbon, Edward: ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (bind 1, 1776; bind II, III, 1781; bind IV, V, VI, 1788–1789). London. Strahan & Cadell.''
* Mark Merrony: ''The Plight of Rome in the Fifth Century AD''. London: Routledge, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1351702782}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=LkgrDwAAQBAJ The Plight of Rome in the Fifth Century AD].
* Sløk, Johannes (2016): ''Stoikerne''. E-bogsudgave. Lindhardt og Ringhof. I serien "De store tænkere". {{ISBN|9788711639238}}
* Thomsen, Rudi (2001): ''Marcus Aurelius: en filosof på kejsertronen''. Aarhus Universitetsforlag. {{ISBN|87-7288-870-9}}
Filosofi