I følge Gladwell (2008)<ref name="Gladwell (2008)">{{cite book|ref=Gladwell|author=Gladwell, Malcolm |title=Outliers: The story of Success |url=https://archive.org/details/outliersstoryofs0000glad| publisher=Little, Brown & Co.|location=New York |date=2008|isbn=978-0-316-03669-6}}</ref> og Colvin (2008),<ref name="Colvin 2008">{{cite book|ref=Colvin|author=Colvin, Geoff|title=Talent is overrated: What really separate world-class performers from everybody else|publisher=Portfolio, Penguin Group|location=New York|date=2008|isbn=978-1-59184-224-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/talentisoverrate00colv_0}}</ref> er det ofte vanskeligt at skelne en enestående præstation der alene skyldes talent, fra en der er resultatet af hård [[træning]].
Filosofi