Graden hvortil personer kan føle sig autentiske og tilpas med deres ydre udseende og acceptere deres reelle identitet er blevet kaldt ''transkønnethedskongruens''.<ref name="10.1177/0361684312442161">{{cite journal |last1=Kozee |first1=H. B. |last2=Tylka |first2=T. L. |last3=Bauerband |first3=L. A. |year=2012 |title=Measuring transgender individuals' comfort with gender identity and appearance: Development and validation of the Transgender Congruence Scale |journal=Psychology of Women Quarterly |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=179–196 |doi=10.1177/0361684312442161|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/f2bf1550e882125f22f7b182b383d249ab05c7ac }}</ref> Mange transkønnede oplever [[kønsdysfori]], og nogle søger medicinsk behandling såsom [[hormonterapi (transkønnethed)|hormonterapi]], [[kønsskifteoperation]] eller [[psykoterapi]].<ref name="Maizes">Victoria Maizes, ''Integrative Women's Health'' (2015, {{ISBN|0190214805}}), page 745: "Many transgender people experience gender dysphoria—distress that results from the discordance of biological sex and experienced gender (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Treatment for gender dysphoria, considered to be highly effective, includes physical, medical, and/or surgical treatments [...] some [transgender people] may not choose to transition at all."</ref> Ikke alle transkønnede ønsker disse behandlinger, og nogle kan slet ikke modtage dem af økonomiske eller medicinske grunde.<ref name="Maizes" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding Transgender People FAQ |url=http://www.transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-transgender-people-faq |website=National Center for Transgender Equality |access-date=20. april 2016 |date=1. maj 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422081846/http://www.transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-transgender-people-faq |archive-date=22. april 2016 |df= }}</ref>
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