Sammen med [[Det gamle Egypten]] og [[Mesopotamien]] var Induskulturen en af de tre tidlige civilisationer i den [[Gamle Verden]] og den af de tre, der havde den største udbredelse med et areal på omkring 1,25 millioner km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Blanc De La|first1=Paul|title=Indus Epigraphic Perspectives: Exploring Past Decipherment Attempts & Possible New Approaches 2013 Pg 11|url=http://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/26166/1/Leblanc_Paul_2013_thesis.pdf|website=University of Ottawa Research|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=11. august 2014}}</ref> Civilisationen voksede frem ved breden af [[Indus]]floden, en af [[Asien]]s største floder, og den nu udtørrede [[Sarasvati flod]],<ref>http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/psearch/QResult15.aspx?qref=138704 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215000838/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/psearch/QResult15.aspx?qref=138704 |date=15. december 2014 }} | "The work on delineation of entire course of river ‘Saraswati’ in North West India was carried out using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite data along with digital elevation model. Satellite images are multi-spectral, multi-temporal and have advantages of synoptic view, which are useful to detect palaeochannels. The palaeochannels are validated using historical maps, archaeological sites, hydro- geological and drilling data. It was observed that major Harappan sites of Kalibangan (Rajasthan), Banawali and Rakhigarhi (Haryana), Dholavira and Lothal (Gujarat) lie along the River Saraswati ."- '''Ministry of Space, Government of India'''.</ref><ref>http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/oct25/articles20.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627194602/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/oct25/articles20.htm |date=27. juni 2013 }} | A.V.Shankaran.:"Saraswati – The ancient river lost in the desert."</ref> der engang løb gennem det nordvestlige Indien og det østlige Pakistan sammen med dens bifloder.<ref>http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/psearch/QResult15.aspx?qref=138704 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215000838/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/psearch/QResult15.aspx?qref=138704 |date=15. december 2014 }} | "	Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has studied the palaeochannels in North West India and related them to the channels of River Saraswati."</ref><ref>http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/oct25/articles20.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627194602/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/oct25/articles20.htm |date=27. juni 2013 }} |
A.V.Shankaran.:"Saraswati was believed to have had three tributaries, Shatadru (Sutlej) arising from Mount Kailas, Drishadvati from Siwalik Hills and the old Yamuna. Together, they flowed along a channel, presently identified as that of the Ghaggar river, also called Hakra River in Rajasthan and Nara in Sindh."</ref><ref>[[Michel Danino]]: [[The Lost River - On the trail of the Sarasvati]] (Penguin Books, 2010). {{ISBN|978-0-14-306864-8}}</ref>
Samfund Historie Klima Civilisationer