Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Historical Chinese efforts to determine longitude at sea   High-level Chinese cartographic developments predate European innovations by
several centuries. Whereas European cartographic progress -- and in particular
the search for a practical solution to the perennial "longitude problem" at sea
-- was driven by persistent economic motivations, Chinese mapmaking efforts
responded predominantly to administrative, cadastral and topographic needs.
Nevertheless, contemporary Chinese scholars and navigators, to some extent
aided by experienced Arab navigators and astronomers, developed independent
means of longitude determination both on land and at sea, using a combination
of astronomical observations and timekeeping devices that continued to operate
adequately on pitching and rolling ships. Despite confusing and speculative
accounts in the current literature and sometimes overt nationalistic rhetoric,
Chinese technical capabilities applied to longitude determination at sea, while
different in design from European advances owing to cultural and societal
circumstances, were at least on a par with those of their European
counterparts.

17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph