Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Tear of Lipid Membranes by Nanoparticles   Health concerns associated with the advent of nanotechnologies have risen
sharply when it was found that particles of nanoscopic dimensions reach the
cell lumina. Plasma and organelle lipid membranes, which are exposed to both
the incoming and the engulfed nanoparticles, are the primary targets of
possible disruptions. However, reported adhesion, invagination and embedment of
nanoparticles (NPs) do not compromise the membrane integrity, precluding direct
bilayer damage as a mechanism for toxicity. Here it is shown that a lipid
membrane can be torn by small enough nanoparticles, thus unveiling mechanisms
for how lipid membrane can be compromised by tearing from nanoparticles.
Surprisingly, visualization by cryo transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM)
of liposomes exposed to nanoparticles revealed also that liposomal laceration
is prevented by particle abundance. Membrane destruction results thus from a
subtle particle-membrane interplay that is here elucidated. This brings into a
firmer molecular basis the theorized mechanisms of nanoparticle effects on
lipid bilayers and paves the way for a better assessment of nanoparticle
toxicity.

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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: econ
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
2
The categories of this paper are: math