Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Magnetization reversal of an individual exchange biased permalloy
  nanotube   We investigate the magnetization reversal mechanism in an individual
permalloy (Py) nanotube (NT) using a hybrid magnetometer consisting of a
nanometer-scale SQUID (nanoSQUID) and a cantilever torque sensor. The Py NT is
affixed to the tip of a Si cantilever and positioned in order to optimally
couple its stray flux into a Nb nanoSQUID. We are thus able to measure both the
NT's volume magnetization by dynamic cantilever magnetometry and its stray flux
using the nanoSQUID. We observe a training effect and temperature dependence in
the magnetic hysteresis, suggesting an exchange bias. We find a low blocking
temperature $T_B = 18 \pm 2$ K, indicating the presence of a thin
antiferromagnetic native oxide, as confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy
on similar samples. Furthermore, we measure changes in the shape of the
magnetic hysteresis as a function of temperature and increased training. These
observations show that the presence of a thin exchange-coupled native oxide
modifies the magnetization reversal process at low temperatures. Complementary
information obtained via cantilever and nanoSQUID magnetometry allows us to
conclude that, in the absence of exchange coupling, this reversal process is
nucleated at the NT's ends and propagates along its length as predicted by
theory.

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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: stat