Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: DLA and sub-DLA metallicity evolution: A case study of absorbers towards
  Q0338-0005   The damped and sub-damped Lyman alpha systems (DLAs and sub-DLAs) traced in
absorption against bright background quasars represent the main reserve of
neutral hydrogen at high redshifts. We used the archival Very Large Telescope
(VLT) instrument Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES)
high-resolution data of Q0338-0005 (zem = 3.049) to study abundances of the DLA
(zabs = 2.2298) and sub-DLA (zabs =2.7457) along the line of sight. We
estimated column densities of HI and various elements present in the DLA and
sub-DLA through Voigt profile fitting. The DLA trough shows the Lyman alpha
emission from its host galaxy. We derive the metallicities of the DLA and
sub-DLA with [Zn/H] = -0.67 +/- 0.18 and [S/H] = -1.45 +/-0.17, respectively.
We compared our abundances of the DLA and sub-DLA with other high resolution
DLA and sub-DLA metallicities and find that both populations show an overall
increase of metallicity with decreasing redshift. However, sub-DLAs usually
have higher metallicities than the DLAs.

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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph