Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Evolution and Final Fates of Rapidly Accreting Supermassive Stars   The formation of supermassive stars (SMSs) is a possible pathway to seed
supermassive black holes in the early universe. This chapter summarizes recent
theoretical efforts to understand their evolution, highlighting effects of very
rapid accretion at the rates of $\dot{M}_* \gtrsim 0.1~$M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$.
Stellar evolution calculations predict that such an accreting SMS has a
characteristic feature, i.e., a very large radius that monotonically increases
as the stellar mass increases. The radius exceeds $7000$ R$_\odot$ (or $30$ AU)
after the star accretes the gas of more than $10^3$ M$_\odot$. We show that the
emergence of the "supergiant protostar" stage is a key for the formation of
SMSs, because resulting radiative feedback against the accretion flow is
substantially weakened during this stage. We also show that these SMSs end
their lives while the accretion continues, and that their final fates vary with
different accretion rates.

9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex