Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Privacy-preserving Similarity Calculation of Speaker Features Using
  Fully Homomorphic Encryption   Recent advances in machine learning techniques are enabling Automated Speech
Recognition (ASR) more accurate and practical. The evidence of this can be seen
in the rising number of smart devices with voice processing capabilities. More
and more devices around us are in-built with ASR technology. This poses serious
privacy threats as speech contains unique biometric characteristics and
personal data. However, the privacy concern can be mitigated if the voice
features are processed in the encrypted domain. Within this context, this paper
proposes an algorithm to redesign the back-end of the speaker verification
system using fully homomorphic encryption techniques. The solution exploits the
Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song (CKKS) fully homomorphic encryption scheme to obtain a
real-time and non-interactive solution. The proposed solution contains a novel
approach based on Newton Raphson method to overcome the limitation of CKKS
scheme (i.e., calculating an inverse square-root of an encrypted number). This
provides an efficient solution with less multiplicative depths for a negligible
loss in accuracy. The proposed algorithm is validated using a well-known speech
dataset. The proposed algorithm performs encrypted-domain verification in
real-time (with less than 1.3 seconds delay) for a 2.8\% equal-error-rate loss
compared to plain-domain verification.

9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin