Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Steeper, Flatter, or Just "Salpeter"? Evidence from Galaxy Evolution and
  Galaxy Clusters   A single-slope "Salpeter" IMF overpredicts the stellar M/L ratio of local
elliptical galaxies by about a factor of 2, which requires the IMF to be
flatter below about one solar mass. On the other hand a Salpeter IMF for stars
more massive than the sun predicts an evolution with redshift of the
fundamental plane of ellipticals in clusters which is in agreement with the
observations and a formation at z>~3 for these galaxies. A "Salpeter" IMF for
1<M<40 solar masses also predicts the observed amount of heavy elements (oxygen
and silicon) in clusters of galaxies.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg