Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Structure of the human RAD17-RFC clamp loader and 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp bound to a dsDNA-ssDNA junction The RAD9-RAD1-HUS1 (9-1-1) clamp forms one half of the DNA damage checkpoint system that signals the presence of substantial regions of single-stranded DNA arising from replication fork collapse or resection of DNA double strand breaks. Loaded at the 5-recessed end of a dsDNA-ssDNA junction by the RAD17-RFC clamp loader complex, the phosphorylated C-terminal tail of the RAD9 subunit of 9-1-1 engages with the mediator scaffold TOPBP1 which in turn activates the ATR kinase, localised through the interaction of its constitutive partner ATRIP with RPA-coated ssDNA.

Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) we have determined the structure of a complex of the human RAD17-RFC clamp loader bound to human 9-1-1, engaged with a dsDNA-ssDNA junction. The structure answers the key questions of how RAD17 confers specificity for 9-1-1 over PCNA, and how the clamp loader specifically recognises the recessed 5 DNA end and fixes the orientation of 9-1-1 on the ssDNA.
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The categories of this paper are: bioengineering
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The categories of this paper are: animal
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The categories of this paper are: cell
2
The categories of this paper are: biology
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The categories of this paper are: communication
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The categories of this paper are: immunology
4
The categories of this paper are: neuroscience
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The categories of this paper are: microbiology
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The categories of this paper are: plant
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The categories of this paper are: genetics
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The categories of this paper are: cognition
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The categories of this paper are: pathology
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The categories of this paper are: education
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The categories of this paper are: molecular
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The categories of this paper are: ecology
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The categories of this paper are: pharmacology