Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Tornadoes and related damage costs: statistical modeling with a
  semi-Markov approach   We propose a statistical approach to tornadoes modeling for predicting and
simulating occurrences of tornadoes and accumulated cost distributions over a
time interval. This is achieved by modeling the tornadoes intensity, measured
with the Fujita scale, as a stochastic process. Since the Fujita scale divides
tornadoes intensity into six states, it is possible to model the tornadoes
intensity by using Markov and semi-Markov models. We demonstrate that the
semi-Markov approach is able to reproduce the duration effect that is detected
in tornadoes occurrence. The superiority of the semi-Markov model as compared
to the Markov chain model is also affirmed by means of a statistical test of
hypothesis. As an application we compute the expected value and the variance of
the costs generated by the tornadoes over a given time interval in a given
area. he paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating that semi-Markov
models represent an effective tool for physical analysis of tornadoes as well
as for the estimation of the economic damages to human things.

35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph