Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: An explicit generating function arising in counting binomial
  coefficients divisible by powers of primes   For a prime $p$ and nonnegative integers $j$ and $n$ let $\vartheta_p(j,n)$
be the number of entries in the $n$-th row of Pascal's triangle that are
exactly divisible by $p^j$. Moreover, for a finite sequence $w=(w_{r-1}\cdots
w_0)\neq (0,\ldots,0)$ in $\{0,\ldots,p-1\}$ we denote by $\lvert n\rvert_w$
the number of times that $w$ appears as a factor (contiguous subsequence) of
the base-$p$ expansion $n=(n_{\mu-1}\cdots n_0)_p$ of $n$. It follows from the
work of Barat and Grabner (Digital functions and distribution of binomial
coefficients, J. London Math. Soc. (2) 64(3), 2001), that
$\vartheta_p(j,n)/\vartheta_p(0,n)$ is given by a polynomial $P_j$ in the
variables $X_w$, where $w$ are certain finite words in $\{0,\ldots,p-1\}$, and
each variable $X_w$ is set to $\lvert n\rvert_w$. This was later made explicit
by Rowland (The number of nonzero binomial coefficients modulo $p^\alpha$, J.
Comb. Number Theory 3(1), 2011), independently from Barat and Grabner's work,
and Rowland described and implemented an algorithm computing these polynomials
$P_j$. In this paper, we express the coefficients of $P_j$ using generating
functions, and we prove that these generating functions can be determined
explicitly by means of a recurrence relation. Moreover, we prove that $P_j$ is
uniquely determined, and we note that the proof of our main theorem also
provides a new proof of its existence. Besides providing insight into the
structure of the polynomials $P_j$, our results allow us to compute them in a
very efficient way.

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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc