Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Recombination Effects on Supernovae Light-Curves   Supernovae of type IIP are marked by the long plateau seen in their optical
light curves. The plateau is believed to be the result of a recombination wave
that propagates through the outflowing massive hydrogen envelope. Here, we
analytically investigate the transition from a fully ionized envelope to a
partially recombined one and its effects on the SN light curve. The motivation
is to establish the underlying processes which dominate the evolution at late
times when recombination takes place in the envelope, yet early enough so that
$^{56}$Ni decay is a negligible source of energy. We assume a simple, yet
adequate, hydrodynamic profile of the envelope and study the mechanisms which
dominate the energy emission and the observed temperature. We consider the
diffusion of photons through the envelope while analyzing the ionization
fraction and the coupling between radiation and gas. We find that once
recombination starts, the observed temperature decreases slowly in time.
However, in a typical red supergiant (RSG) explosion, the recombination wave
does not affect the bolometric luminosity immediately. Only at later times, the
cooling wave may reach layers that are deep enough to affect the luminosity. We
find that the plateau is not a generic result of a recombination process in
expanding gas. Instead it depends on the density profile of the parts of the
envelope which undergo recombination. Our results are useful to investigate the
light curves of RSG explosions. We show the resulting light curves of two
examples of RSG explosions according to our model and discuss their
compatibility with observations. In addition, we improve the analytical
relations between the plateau luminosity and plateau duration to the properties
of the pre-explosion progenitor (Arnett 1980; Popov 1993).

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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph