Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Silica in Protoplanetary Disks   Mid-infrared spectra of a few T Tauri stars (TTS) taken with the Infrared
Spectrograph (IRS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope show prominent narrow
emission features indicating silica (crystalline silicon dioxide). Silica is
not a major constituent of the interstellar medium; therefore, any silica
present in the circumstellar protoplanetary disks of TTS must be largely the
result of processing of primitive dust material in the disks surrouding these
stars. We model the silica emission features in our spectra using the opacities
of various polymorphs of silica and their amorphous versions computed from
earth-based laboratory measurements. This modeling indicates that the two
polymorphs of silica, tridymite and cristobalite, which form at successively
higher temperatures and low pressures, are the dominant forms of silica in the
TTS of our sample. These high temperature, low pressure polymorphs of silica
present in protoplanetary disks are consistent with a grain composed mostly of
tridymite named Ada found in the cometary dust samples collected from the
STARDUST mission to Comet 81P/Wild 2. The silica in these protoplanetary disks
may arise from incongruent melting of enstatite or from incongruent melting of
amorphous pyroxene, the latter being analogous to the former. The high
temperatures of 1200K-1300K and rapid cooling required to crystallize tridymite
or cristobalite set constraints on the mechanisms that could have formed the
silica in these protoplanetary disks, suggestive of processing of these grains
during the transient heating events hypothesized to create chondrules.

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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat