Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Bulk first-order phase transition in three-flavor lattice QCD with
  $O(a)$-improved Wilson fermion action at zero temperature   Three-flavor QCD simulation with the $O(a)$-improved Wilson fermion action is
made employing an exact fermion algorithm developed for odd number of quark
flavors. For the plaquette gauge action, an unexpected first-order phase
transition is found in the strong coupling regime ($\beta\lesssim$ 5.0) at
relatively heavy quark masses ($m_{\mathrm{PS}}/m_{\mathrm{V}}\sim$
0.74--0.87). Strong metastability persists on a large lattice of size
$12^3\times 32$, which indicates that the transition has a bulk nature. The
phase gap becomes smaller toward weaker couplings and vanishes at $\beta\simeq
5.0$, which corresponds to a lattice spacing $a\simeq$ 0.1 fm. The phase
transition is not found if the improved gauge actions are employed. Our results
imply that realistic simulations of QCD with three flavors of dynamical
Wilson-type fermions at lattice spacings in the range $a=$ 0.1--0.2 fm require
use of improved gauge actions. Possible origins of the phase transition is
discussed.

16
The categories of this paper are: stat
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph