Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Exact equalities and thermodynamic relations for nonequilibrium steady
  states   We study thermodynamic operations which bring a nonequilibrium steady state
(NESS) to another NESS in physical systems under nonequilibrium conditions. We
model the system by a suitable Markov jump process, and treat thermodynamic
operations as protocols according to which the external agent varies parameters
of the Markov process. Then we prove, among other relations, a NESS version of
the Jarzynski equality and the extended Clausius relation. The latter can be a
starting point of thermodynamics for NESS. We also find that the corresponding
nonequilibrium entropy has a microscopic representation in terms of symmetrized
Shannon entropy in systems where the microscopic description of states involves
"momenta". All the results in the present paper are mathematically rigorous.

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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int