Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Search for TiO and Optical Night-side Emission from the Exoplanet
  WASP-33b   With a temperature akin to an M-dwarf, WASP-33b is among the hottest Jupiters
known, making it an ideal target for high-resolution optical spectroscopy. By
analyzing both transmission and emission spectra, we aim to substantiate
previous reports of atmospheric TiO and a thermal inversion within the planet's
atmosphere. We observed two transits and six arcs of the phase curve with
ESPaDOns on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope and HIRES on the Keck telescope,
which provide high spectral resolution and ample wavelength coverage. We employ
the Doppler cross-correlation technique to search for the molecular signatures
of TiO and H$_2$O in these spectra, using models based on the TiO line list of
Plez (2012). Though we cannot exclude line-list-dependent effects, our data do
not corroborate previous indications of a thermal inversion. Instead we place a
$3\sigma$ upper limit of $10^{-9}$ on the volume mixing ratio of TiO for the
T-P profile we consider. While we are unable to constrain the volume mixing
ratio of water, our strongest constraint on TiO comes from day-side emission
spectra. This apparent absence of a stratosphere sits in stark contrast to
previous observations of WASP-33b as well as theoretical predictions for the
atmospheres of highly irradiated planets. The discrepancy could be due to
variances between line lists, and we stress that detection limits are only as
good as the line list employed, and are only valid for the specific T-P profile
considered due to the strong degeneracy between lapse rate ($dT/d\log P$) and
molecular abundance.

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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys