Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Comparative Analyses of Plasma Properties and Composition in Two Types
  of Small-Scale Interplanetary Flux-ropes   The origin of small-scale interplanetary magnetic flux-ropes (SIMFRs) and the
relationship between SIMFRs and magnetic clouds (MCs) are still controversial.
In this study, two populations of SMIFRs were collected, i.e., SIMFRs
originating from the Sun (SIMFR-SUN) and those originating from the solar wind
(SIMFR-SW). We defined the SIMFR-SUN (SIMFR-SW) as the SMIFRs that include
(exclude) the counter-streaming suprathermal electrons and stay away from
(close to) the heliospheric current sheet. After fitting with force-free
flux-rope model, 52 SIMFR-SUN and 57 SIMFR-SW events observed by Advanced
Composition Explorer (ACE) from 1998 February to 2011 August were qualified.
Using the approach of relating the measurements to their spatial position
within the flux-ropes, a comparative survey of plasma and composition
characteristics inside the two populations of SIMFRs is presented. Results show
that the two populations of SIMFRs have apparent differences. Compared with
SIMFR-SW, SIMFR-SUN are MC-like, featuring lower central proton density, higher
Vrad, higher low-FIP element abundances, higher and more fluctuate average ion
charge-states and the ion chargestate ratios which are related to the heating
in low corona. In addition, for the ion charge-state distributions inside
SIMFR-SUN, the sunward side is higher than earthward, which might be caused by
the flare heating during eruption. Moreover, both SIMFR-SUN and MCs show
anti-correlation between plasma beta and He/P trend. These characteristics
indicate that SIMFR-SUN and MCs are very likely to have the identical
origination. This study supports the two-source origin of SIMFRs, i.e., the
solar corona and the solar wind.

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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga