Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Machine learning approach to remove ion interference effect in
  agricultural nutrient solutions   High concentration agricultural facilities such as vertical farms or plant
factories consider hydroponic techniques as optimal solutions. Although
closed-system dramatically reduces water consumption and pollution issues, it
has ion-ratio related problem. As the root absorbs individual ions with
different rate, ion rate in a nutrient solution should be adjusted
periodically. But traditional method only considers pH and electrical
conductivity to adjust the nutrient solution, leading to ion imbalance and
accumulation of excessive salts. To avoid those problems, some researchers have
proposed ion-balancing methods which measure and control each ion
concentration. However, those approaches do not overcome the innate limitations
of ISEs, especially ion interference effect. An anion sensor is affected by
other anions, and the error grows larger in higher concentration solution. A
machine learning approach to modify ISE data distorted by ion interference
effect is proposed in this paper. As measurement of TDS value is relatively
robust than any other signals, we applied TDS as key parameter to build a
readjustment function to remove the artifact. Once a readjustment model is
established, application on ISE data can be done in real time. Readjusted data
with proposed model showed about 91.6 ~ 98.3% accuracies. This method will
enable the fields to apply recent methods in feasible status.

30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc