Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Microwave photons emitted by fractionally charged quasiparticles   Strongly correlated low-dimensional systems can host exotic elementary
excitations carrying a fractional charge $q$ and potentially obeying anyonic
statistics. In the fractional quantum Hall effect, their fractional charge has
been successfully determined owing to low frequency shot noise measurements.
However, a universal method for sensing them unambiguously and unraveling their
intricate dynamics was still lacking. Here, we demonstrate that this can be
achieved by measuring the microwave photons emitted by such excitations when
they are transferred through a potential barrier biased with a dc voltage
$V_{\text{dc}}$. We observe that only photons at frequencies $f$ below
$qV_{\text{dc}}/h$ are emitted. This threshold provides a direct and
unambiguous determination of the charge $q$, and a signature of exclusion
statistics. Derived initially within the Luttinger model, this feature is also
predicted by universal non-equilibrium fluctuation relations which agree fully
with our measurements. Our work paves the way for further exploration of
anyonic statistics using microwave measurements.

19
The categories of this paper are: eess
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph