Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Dust in the Photospheric Environment: Unified Cloudy Models of M, L, and
  T Dwarfs   We address the problem of how dust forms and how it could be sustained in the
static photospheres of cool dwarfs for a long time. In the cool and dense gas,
dust forms easily at the condensation temperature, T_cond, and the dust can be
in detailed balance with the ambient gas so long as it remains smaller than the
critical radius, r_cr. However, dust will grow larger and segregate from the
gas when it will be larger than r_cr somewhere at the lower temperature, which
we refer to as the critical temperature, T_cr. Then, the large dust grains will
precipitate below the photosphere and only the small dust grains in the region
of T_cr < T < T_cond can be sustained in the photosphere. Thus a dust cloud is
formed. Incorporating the dust cloud, non-grey model photo- spheres in
radiative-convective equilibrium are extended to T_eff as low as 800K. Observed
colors and spectra of cool dwarfs can consistently be accounted for by a single
grid of our cloudy models. This fact in turn can be regarded as supporting
evidence for our basic assumption on the cloud formation.

17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
2
The categories of this paper are: math
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph