Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Type Ia Supernovae are Good Standard Candles in the Near Infrared:
  Evidence from PAIRITEL   We have obtained 1087 NIR (JHKs) measurements of 21 SNe Ia using PAIRITEL,
nearly doubling the number of well-sampled NIR SN Ia light curves. These data
strengthen the evidence that SNe Ia are excellent standard candles in the NIR,
even without correction for optical light-curve shape. We construct fiducial
NIR templates for normal SNe Ia from our sample, excluding only the three known
peculiar SNe Ia: SN 2005bl, SN 2005hk, and SN 2005ke. The H-band absolute
magnitudes in this sample of 18 SNe Ia have an intrinsic rms of only 0.15 mag
with no correction for light-curve shape. We found a relationship between the
H-band extinction and optical color excess of AH=0.2E(B-V). This variation is
as small as the scatter in distance modulus measurements currently used for
cosmology based on optical light curves after corrections for light-curve
shape. Combining the homogeneous PAIRITEL measurements with 23 SNe Ia from the
literature, these 41 SNe Ia have standard H-band magnitudes with an rms scatter
of 0.16 mag. The good match of our sample with the literature sample suggests
there are few systematic problems with the photometry. We present a nearby NIR
Hubble diagram that shows no correlation of the residuals from the Hubble line
with light-curve properties. Future samples that account for optical and NIR
light-curve shapes, absorption, spectroscopic variation, or host-galaxy
properties may reveal effective ways to improve the use of SNe Ia as distance
indicators. Since systematic errors due to dust absorption in optical bands
remain the leading difficulty in the cosmological use of supernovae, the good
behavior of SN Ia NIR light curves and their relative insensitivity to
reddening make these objects attractive candidates for future cosmological
work.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th