Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Development and Characterization of a 171Yb+ Miniature Ion Trap
  Frequency Standard   This dissertation reports on the development of a low-power, high-stability
miniature atomic frequency standard based on 171Yb+ ions. The ions are
buffer-gas cooled and held in a linear quadrupole trap that is integrated into
a sealed, getter-pumped vacuum package, and interrogated on the 12.6 GHz
hyperfine transition. We hope to achieve a long-term fractional frequency
stability of 10^-14 with a miniature clock that consumes only 50 mW of power
and occupies a volume of 5 cm^3. I discuss our progress over several years of
work on this project. We began by building a conventional tabletop clock to use
as a test bed while developing several designs of miniature ion-trap vacuum
packages, while also developing techniques for various aspects of the clock
operation, including ion loading, laser and magnetic field stabilization, and a
low power ion trap drive. The ion traps were modeled using boundary element
software to assist with the design and parameter optimization of new trap
geometries. We expect a novel trap geometry that uses a material new to ion
traps to lead to an exceptionally small ion trap vacuum package in the next
phase of the project. To achieve the long-term stability required, we have also
considered the sensitivity of the clock frequency to magnetic fields. A study
of the motion of the individual ions in a room-temperature cloud in the trap
was performed with the purpose of understanding the effect of both spatially
varying and constant magnetic fields on the clock resonance and therefore the
operation of the clock. These effects were studied experimentally and
theoretically for several traps. In summary, this dissertation is a
contribution to the design, development, and testing of a 171Yb+ ion cloud
frequency standard and related techniques, including analyses of trap
geometries and parameters, modeling of the ion motion, and the practical
operation of the clock.

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The categories of this paper are: math
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex