Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The sands of time run faster near the end   Submerged granular hoppers exhibit an unexpected surge in discharge rate as
they empty [Wilson et al. 2015]. With a more sensitive apparatus, we find that
this surge depends on hopper diameter and also happens in air --- though the
effect is smaller and previously unnoticed. We also find that the surge may be
turned off by fixing the rate of fluid flow through the granular packing. With
no flow control, dye injected on top of the packing gets drawn into the grains,
at a rate that increases as the hopper empties. Thus we conclude that the surge
is caused by a self-generated pumping of fluid through the packing. We
successfully model this effect via a driving pressure set by the dilation of
grains as they exit. This highlights a surprising and unrecognized role that
interstitial fluid plays in setting the discharge rate, and likely also in
controlling clog formation, for granular hoppers whether in air or under water.

0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn