Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A pragmatic approach to account for individual risks to optimise health
  policy   Developing feasible strategies and setting realistic targets for disease
prevention and control depends on representative models, whether conceptual,
experimental, logistical or mathematical. Mathematical modelling was
established in infectious diseases over a century ago, with the seminal works
of Ross and others. Propelled by the discovery of etiological agents for
infectious diseases, and Koch's postulates, models have focused on the
complexities of pathogen transmission and evolution to understand and predict
disease trends in greater depth. This has led to their adoption by policy
makers; however, as model-informed policies are being implemented, the
inaccuracies of some predictions are increasingly apparent, most notably their
tendency to overestimate the impact of control interventions. Here, we discuss
how these discrepancies could be explained by methodological limitations in
capturing the effects of heterogeneity in real-world systems. We suggest that
improvements could derive from theory developed in demography to study
variation in life-expectancy and ageing. Using simulations, we illustrate the
problem and its impact, and formulate a pragmatic way forward.

34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
2
The categories of this paper are: math
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga