Instruct: Identify the main category of Medrxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Increased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, sRAGE and immune activation, but lowered calcium and magnesium in COVID-19: association with chest CT abnormalities and lowered peripheral oxygen saturation. BackgroundThe characterization of new biomarkers of COVID-19 is extremely important. Few studies measured the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end product (sRAGE), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), calcium and magnesium in COVID-19.

AimsTo measure sRAGE, ACE2, interleukin (IL) -6, IL-10, CRP, calcium, magnesium, and albumin in COVID-19 patients in association with peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and chest CT scan abnormalities (CCTA) including ground glass opacities.

MethodsThis study measured sRAGE, ACE2, IL-6, IL-10, CRP using ELISA techniques, and calcium, magnesium, and albumin using a spectrophotometric method in 60 COVID-19 patients and 30 healthy controls.

ResultsCOVID-19 is characterized by significantly increased IL-6, CRP, IL-10, sRAGE, ACE2, and lowered levels of SpO2, albumin, magnesium and calcium. Neural networks showed that a combination of calcium, IL-6, CRP, and sRAGE yielded an accuracy of 100% in detecting COVID-19 patients with calcium being the most important predictor followed by IL-6, and CRP. COVID-19 patients with CCTAs showed lower SpO2 and albumin levels than those without CCTAs. SpO2 was significantly and inversely correlated with IL-6, IL-10, CRP, sRAGE, and ACE2, and positively with albumin, magnesium and calcium. Patients with positive IgG results showed a significant elevation in the serum level of IL-6, sRAGE, and ACE2 compared to the negatively IgG patient subgroup.

ConclusionThe results show that immune-inflammatory and RAGE pathway biomarkers may be used as external validating criterion for the diagnosis COVID-19. Those pathways coupled with lowered SpO2, calcium and magnesium are drug targets that may help to reduce the consequences of COVID-19.
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The categories of this paper are: surgery
45
The categories of this paper are: pharmacology
24
The categories of this paper are: oncology
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The categories of this paper are: transplantation
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The categories of this paper are: public
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The categories of this paper are: epidemiology
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The categories of this paper are: research
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The categories of this paper are: otolaryngology
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The categories of this paper are: genetic
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The categories of this paper are: immunology
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The categories of this paper are: psychology
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The categories of this paper are: intensive
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The categories of this paper are: and
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The categories of this paper are: geriatric
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The categories of this paper are: dentistry
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The categories of this paper are: hematology