Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A hybrid approach for planning and operating active distribution grids   This paper investigates the planning and operational processes of modern
distribution networks (DNs) hosting Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). While
in the past the two aspects have been distinct, a methodology is proposed in
this paper to co-optimize the two phases by considering the operational
flexibility offered by DERs already in the planning phase. By employing AC
Optimal Power Flow (OPF) to analyse the worst-case forecasts for the load and
distributed generator (DG) injection, the optimal set-points for the DERs are
determined such that the network's security is ensured. From these results, the
optimized individual characteristic curves are then extracted for each DER
which are used in the operational phase for the local control of the devices.
The optimized controls use only local measurements to address system-wide
issues and emulate the OPF solution without any communication. Finally, the
proposed methodology is tested on the Cigre LV benchmark grid confirming that
it is successful in mitigating with acceptable violations over- and
under-voltage problems, as well as congestion issues. Its performance is
compared against the OPF-based approach and currently employed local control
schemes.

10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph