Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Inferring Planet Mass from Spiral Structures in Protoplanetary Disks   Recent observations of protoplanetary disk have reported spiral structures
that are potential signatures of embedded planets, and modeling efforts have
shown that a single planet can excite multiple spiral arms, in contrast to
conventional disk-planet interaction theory. Using two and three-dimensional
hydrodynamics simulations to perform a systematic parameter survey, we confirm
the existence of multiple spiral arms in disks with a single planet, and
discover a scaling relation between the azimuthal separation of the primary and
secondary arm, $\phi_{\rm sep}$, and the planet-to-star mass ratio $q$:
$\phi_{\rm sep} = 102^{\circ} (q/0.001)^{0.2}$ for companions between Neptune
mass and 16 Jupiter masses around a 1 solar mass star, and $\phi_{\rm sep} =
180^{\circ}$ for brown dwarf mass companions. This relation is independent of
the disk's temperature, and can be used to infer a planet's mass to within an
accuracy of about 30% given only the morphology of a face-on disk. Combining
hydrodynamics and Monte-Carlo radiative transfer calculations, we verify that
our numerical measurements of $\phi_{\rm sep}$ are accurate representations of
what would be measured in near-infrared scattered light images, such as those
expected to be taken by Gemini/GPI, VLT/SPHERE, or Subaru/SCExAO in the future.
Finally, we are able to infer, using our scaling relation, that the planet
responsible for the spiral structure in SAO 206462 has a mass of about 6
Jupiter masses.

22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: stat