Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Conflict-free collective stochastic decision making by orbital angular
  momentum of photons through quantum interference   In recent cross-disciplinary studies involving both optics and computing,
single-photon-based decision-making has been demonstrated by utilizing the
wave-particle duality of light to solve multi-armed bandit problems.
Furthermore, entangled-photon-based decision-making has managed to solve a
competitive multi-armed bandit problem in such a way that conflicts of
decisions among players are avoided while ensuring equality. However, as these
studies are based on the polarization of light, the number of available choices
is limited to two, corresponding to two orthogonal polarization states. Here we
propose a scalable principle to solve competitive decision-making situations by
using the orbital angular momentum of photons based on its high dimensionality,
which theoretically allows an unlimited number of arms. Moreover, by extending
the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect to more than two states, we theoretically establish
an experimental configuration able to generate multi-photon states with orbital
angular momentum and conditions that provide conflict-free selections at every
turn. We numerically examine total rewards regarding three-armed bandit
problems, for which the proposed strategy accomplishes almost the theoretical
maximum, which is greater than a conventional mixed strategy intending to
realize Nash equilibrium. This is thanks to the quantum interference effect
that achieves no-conflict selections, even in the exploring phase to find the
best arms.

8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an