Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Flux-tubes in three-dimensional lattice gauge theories   Flux-tubes in different representations of SU(2) and U(1) lattice gauge
theories in three dimensions are measured. Wilson loops generate heavy
``quark-antiquark'' pairs in fundamental ($j=1/2$), adjoint ($j=1$), and
quartet ($j=3/2$) representations of SU(2). The first direct lattice
measurements of the flux-tube cross-section ${\cal A}_j$ as a function of
representation are made. It is found that ${\cal A}_j \approx {\rm constant}$,
to about 10\%. Results are consistent with a connection between the string
tension $\sigma_j$ and ${\cal A}_j$ suggested by a simplified flux-tube model,
$\sigma_j = g^2 j(j+1) / (2 {\cal A}_j)$ [$g$ is the gauge coupling], given
that $\sigma_j$ scales like the Casimir $j(j+1)$, as observed in previous
lattice studies in both three and four dimensions. The results can discriminate
among phenomenological models of the physics underlying confinement. Flux-tubes
for singly- and doubly-charged Wilson loops in compact QED$_3$ are also
measured. It is found that the string tension scales as the squared-charge and
the flux-tube cross-section is independent of charge to good approximation.
These SU(2) and U(1) simulations lend some support, albeit indirectly, to a
conjecture that the dual superconductor mechanism underlies confinement in
compact gauge theories in both three and four dimensions.

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The categories of this paper are: stat
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org