Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Symmetry-breaking effects of instantons in parton gauge theories   Compact quantum electrodynamics (CQED$_3$) with Dirac fermionic matter
provides an adequate framework for elucidating the universal low-energy physics
of a wide variety of (2+1)D strongly correlated systems. Fractionalized states
of matter correspond to its deconfined phases, where the gauge field is
effectively noncompact, while conventional broken-symmetry phases are
associated with confinement triggered by the proliferation of
monopole-instantons. While much attention has been devoted lately to the
symmetry classification of monopole operators in massless CQED$_3$ and related
3D conformal field theories, explicit derivations of instanton dynamics in
parton gauge theories with fermions have been lacking. In this work, we use
semiclassical methods analogous to those used by 't Hooft in the solution of
the $U(1)$ problem in 4D quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to explicitly demonstrate
the symmetry-breaking effect of instantons in CQED$_3$ with massive fermions,
motivated by a fermionic parton description of hard-core bosons on a lattice.
By contrast with the massless case studied by Marston, we find that massive
fermions possess Euclidean zero modes exponentially localized to the center of
the instanton. Such Euclidean zero modes produce in turn an effective
four-fermion interaction -- known as the 't Hooft vertex in QCD -- which
naturally leads to two possible superfluid phases for the original microscopic
bosons: a conventional single-particle condensate or an exotic boson pair
condensate without single-particle condensation.

13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph