Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A theory for the stabilization of polar crystal surfaces by a liquid
  environment   Polar crystal surfaces play an important role in the functionality of many
materials, and have been studied extensively over many decades. In this
article, a theoretical framework is presented that extends existing theories by
placing the surrounding solution environment on an equal footing with the
crystal itself. By considering the polar crystal as a stack of parallel plate
capacitors, the equilibrium adsorbed surface charge density is derived by
minimizing the free energy of the system. In analogy to the well-known
diverging surface energy of a polar crystal surface at zero temperature, for a
crystal in solution it is shown that the "polar catastrophe" manifests as a
diverging free energy cost to perturb the system from equilibrium. We also show
how, in the slab geometry often employed in both theoretical and computational
studies of interfaces, an electric displacement field emerges as an
electrostatic boundary boundary condition, and its implications for molecular
simulations are discussed. Importantly, we show that the origins of this
electric displacement field are rooted in the slab geometry itself, rather than
the use of periodic boundary conditions.

37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga