Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: On topology optimization of design-dependent pressure-loaded
  three-dimensional structures and compliant mechanisms   This paper presents a density-based topology optimization method for
designing three-dimensional (3D) compliant mechanisms and loadbearing
structures with design-dependent pressure loading. Instead of
interface-tracking techniques, the Darcy law in conjunction with a drainage
term is employed to obtain pressure field as a function of the design vector.
To ensure continuous transition of pressure loads as the design evolves, the
flow coefficient of a finite element is defined using a smooth Heaviside
function. The obtained pressure field is converted into consistent nodal loads
using a transformation matrix. The presented approach employs the standard
finite element formulation and also, allows consistent and computationally
inexpensive calculation of load sensitivities using the adjoint-variable
method. For compliant mechanism design, a multi-criteria objective is
minimized, whereas minimization of compliance is performed for designing
loadbearing structures. Efficacy and robustness of the presented approach is
demonstrated by designing various pressure-actuated 3D compliant mechanisms and
structures.

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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an