Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A General Criterion for Liquefaction in Granular Layers with
  Heterogeneous Pore Pressure   Fluid-saturated granular and porous layers can undergo liquefaction and lose
their shear resistance when subjected to shear forcing. In geosystems, such a
process can lead to severe natural hazards of soil liquefaction, accelerating
slope failure, and large earthquakes. Terzaghi's principle of effective stress
predicts that liquefaction occurs when the pore pressure within the layer
becomes equal to the applied normal stress on the layer. However, under dynamic
loading and when the internal permeability is relatively small the pore
pressure is spatially heterogeneous and it is not clear what measurement of
pore pressure should be used in Terzaghi's principle. Here, we show
theoretically and demonstrate using numerical simulations a general criterion
for liquefaction that applies also for the cases in which the pore pressure is
spatially heterogeneous. The general criterion demands that the average pore
pressure along a continuous surface within the fluid-saturated granular or
porous layer is equal to the applied normal stress.

18
The categories of this paper are: econ
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
16
The categories of this paper are: stat