Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Extremely Large Magnetic Entropy Changes, Quantum Phases, Transitions
  and Diagram in Gd(OH)3 Single Crystal Nanowires - Quasi-1D Large Spin (S =
  -7/2) Chain Antiferromagnet   Systematically magnetic and magnetothermal measurements at temperatures down
to 2 K and magnetic fields up to 13.5 Tesla for Gd(OH)3 Single Crystal
Nanowires - Quasi-1D Large Spin (S = -7/2) Chain Antiferromagnet have been
conducted. We find that, (1) magnetic field enhances the thermal and local spin
fluctuations which suppress long-range spin ordering (LRO) within the measured
temperature range, and close to 0 K at the quantum critical point (QCP); (2)
possible field-induced exotic local spin-liquid-like, aligned-spin, and
spin-flip exotic paramagnetic phases, and transitions in the low temperature
and high field range have been observed, allowing us to identify a possible
quantum critical point; (3) there is extremely large, fully reversible MCE
(magnetic entropy change (-{\Delta}SM) = 27.8, 66, and 88 J / kg K, adiabatic
temperature change ({\Delta}Tad) = 6.7, 17.6, and 36.4 K at 2.55 K for field
changes of 2, 5, and 11 T, respectively in the continuum of quantum phase
transitions in this system; (4) moreover, careful experiments and analysis may
allow experimental determination and set up a quantum phase diagram of this
system. The magnetic-entropy change monotonically increases with decreasing
temperature, and it exceeds the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in any other known
low temperature reversible MCE material by at least a factor of 3. The
extremely large magnetic entropy change may be attributed to the large amount
of weakly interacting spins that can be easily aligned at low-lying energy in
the quantum critical regime of our nanosized materials, since there is large
MCE in the local spin-liquid-like (low energy excitation and even gapless
state) range. These indicate that the material is a promising MCE candidate for
low temperature application, and possibly could make ultra-low temperatures
easily achievable for most laboratories and for space application as well.

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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
2
The categories of this paper are: math
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg