Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Phase-Noise and Amplitude-Noise Measurement of DACs and DDSs   This article proposes a method for the measurement of Phase Noise (PN, or PM
noise) and Amplitude Noise (AN, or AM noise) of Digital-to-Analog Converters
(DAC) and Direct Digital Synthesizers (DDS) based on modulation-index
amplification. The carrier is first reduced by a controlled amount (30-40 dB)
by adding a reference signal of nearly equal amplitude and opposite in phase.
Then, residual carrier and noise sidebands are amplified and sent to a
conventional PN analyzer. The main virtues of our method are: (i) the noise
specs of the PN analyzer are relaxed by a factor equal to the carrier
suppression ratio; and, (ii) the capability to measure the AN using a PN
analyzer, with no need for the analyzer to feature AN measurement. An obvious
variant enables AN and PN measurements using an AN analyzer with no PN
measurement capability. Such instrument is extremely simple and easy to
implement with a power-detector diode followed by a FFT analyzer. Unlike the
classical bridge (interferometric) method, there is no need for external line
stretcher and variable attenuators because phase and amplitude control is
implemented in the device under test. In one case (AD9144), we could measure
the noise over 10 decades of frequency. The flicker noise matches the exact
$1/f$ law with a maximum discrepancy of $\pm1$ dB over 7.5 decades. Thanks to
simplicity, reliability, and low background noise, this method has the
potential to become the standard method for the AN and PN measurement of DACs
and DDSs.

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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol