Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Thermal Modelling and Controller Design of an Alkaline Electrolysis
  System under Dynamic Operating Conditions   Thermal management is vital for the efficient and safe operation of alkaline
electrolysis systems. Traditional alkaline electrolysis systems use simple
proportional-integral-differentiation (PID) controllers to maintain the stack
temperature near the rated value. However, in renewable-to-hydrogen scenarios,
the stack temperature is disturbed by load fluctuations, and the temperature
overshoot phenomenon occurs which can exceed the upper limit and harm the
stack. This paper focuses on the thermal modelling and controller design of an
alkaline electrolysis system under dynamic operating conditions. A
control-oriented thermal model is established in the form of a third-order
time-delay process, which is used for simulation and controller design. Based
on this model, we propose two novel controllers to reduce temperature
overshoot: one is a current feed-forward PID controller (PID-I), the other is a
model predictive controller (MPC). Their performances are tested on a lab-scale
system and the experimental results are satisfying: the temperature overshoot
is reduced by 2.2 degree with the PID-I controller, and no obvious overshoot is
observed with the MPC controller. Furthermore, the thermal dynamic performance
of an MW-scale alkaline electrolysis system is analyzed by simulation, which
shows that the temperature overshoot phenomenon is more general in large
systems. The proposed method allows for higher temperature set points which can
improve system efficiency by 1%.

10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an