Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Watermarking Graph Neural Networks by Random Graphs   Many learning tasks require us to deal with graph data which contains rich
relational information among elements, leading increasing graph neural network
(GNN) models to be deployed in industrial products for improving the quality of
service. However, they also raise challenges to model authentication. It is
necessary to protect the ownership of the GNN models, which motivates us to
present a watermarking method to GNN models in this paper. In the proposed
method, an Erdos-Renyi (ER) random graph with random node feature vectors and
labels is randomly generated as a trigger to train the GNN to be protected
together with the normal samples. During model training, the secret watermark
is embedded into the label predictions of the ER graph nodes. During model
verification, by activating a marked GNN with the trigger ER graph, the
watermark can be reconstructed from the output to verify the ownership. Since
the ER graph was randomly generated, by feeding it to a non-marked GNN, the
label predictions of the graph nodes are random, resulting in a low false alarm
rate (of the proposed work). Experimental results have also shown that, the
performance of a marked GNN on its original task will not be impaired.
Moreover, it is robust against model compression and fine-tuning, which has
shown the superiority and applicability.

11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
2
The categories of this paper are: math
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph