Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Self-adaptation of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms to hydrodynamic
  stress   In some conditions, bacteria self-organise into biofilms, supracellular
structures made of a self-produced embedding matrix, mainly composed on
polysaccharides, DNA, proteins and lipids. It is known that bacteria change
their colony/matrix ratio in the presence of external stimuli such as
hydrodynamic stress. However, little is still known about the molecular
mechanisms driving this self-adaptation. In this work, we monitor structural
features of Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms grown with and without
hydrodynamic stress. Our measurements show that the hydrodynamic stress
concomitantly increases the cell density population and the matrix production.
At short growth timescales, the matrix mediates a weak cell-cell attractive
interaction due to the depletion forces originated by the polymer constituents.
Using a population dynamics model, we conclude that hydrodynamic stress causes
a faster diffusion of nutrients and a higher incorporation of planktonic
bacteria to the already formed microcolonies. This results in the formation of
more mechanically stable biofilms due to an increase of the number of
crosslinks, as shown by computer simulations. The mechanical stability also
lies on a change in the chemical compositions of the matrix, which becomes
enriched in carbohydrates, known to display adhering properties. Overall, we
demonstrate that bacteria are capable of self-adapting to hostile hydrodynamic
stress by tailoring the biofilm chemical composition, thus affecting both the
mesoscale structure of the matrix and its viscoelastic properties that
ultimately regulate the bacteria-polymer interactions.

14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas