Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Highly Charged Ions in Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Penning Traps   A newly constructed apparatus at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) is designed for the isolation, manipulation, and study of
highly charged ions. Highly charged ions are produced in the NIST electron-beam
ion trap (EBIT), extracted through a beamline that selects a single mass/charge
species, then captured in a compact Penning trap. The magnetic field of the
trap is generated by cylindrical NdFeB permanent magnets integrated into its
electrodes. In a room-temperature prototype trap with a single NdFeB magnet,
species including Ne10+ and N7+ were confined with storage times of order 1
second, showing the potential of this setup for manipulation and spectroscopy
of highly charged ions in a controlled environment. Ion capture has since been
demonstrated with similar storage times in a more-elaborate Penning trap that
integrates two coaxial NdFeB magnets for improved B-field homogeneity. Ongoing
experiments utilize a second-generation apparatus that incorporates this
two-magnet Penning trap along with a fast time-of-flight MCP detector capable
of resolving the charge-state evolution of trapped ions. Holes in the
two-magnet Penning trap ring electrode allow for optical and atomic beam
access. Possible applications include spectroscopic studies of one-electron
ions in Rydberg states, as well as highly charged ions of interest in atomic
physics, metrology, astrophysics, and plasma diagnostics.

12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an