Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A bi-level encoding scheme for the clustered shortest-path tree problem
  in multifactorial optimization   The Clustered Shortest-Path Tree Problem (CluSPT) plays an important role in
various types of optimization problems in real-life. Recently, some
Multifactorial Evolutionary Algorithm (MFEA) have been introduced to deal with
the CluSPT, however these researches still have some shortcomings such as
evolution operators only perform on complete graphs, huge resource consumption
for finding the solution on large search spaces. To overcome these limitations,
this paper describes a MFEA-based approach to solve the CluSPT. The proposed
algorithm utilizes Dijkstra's algorithm to construct the spanning trees in
clusters while using evolutionary operators for building the spanning tree
connecting clusters. This approach takes advantage of both exact and
approximate algorithms so it enables the algorithm to function efficiently on
complete and sparse graphs alike. Furthermore, evolutionary operators such as
individual encoding and decoding methods are also designed with great
consideration regarding performance and memory usage. We have included a proof
on the repairing method's efficacy in ensuring all solutions are valid. We have
conducted tests on various types of Euclidean instances to assess the
effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and methods. Experiment results point
out the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm existing heuristic algorithms
in most of the test cases. The impact of the proposed MFEA was analyzed and a
possible influential factor that may be useful for further study was also
pointed out.

12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
2
The categories of this paper are: math
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg