Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Effects of breaking vibrational energy equipartition on measurements of
  temperature in macroscopic oscillators subject to heat flux   When the energy content of a resonant mode of a crystalline solid in
thermodynamic equilibrium is directly measured, assuming that quantum effects
can be neglected it coincides with temperature except for a proportionality
factor. This is due to the principle of energy equipartition and the
equilibrium hypothesis. However, most natural systems found in nature are not
in thermodynamic equilibrium and thus the principle cannot be granted. We
measured the extent to which the low-frequency modes of vibration of a solid
can defy energy equipartition, in presence of a steady state heat flux, even
close to equilibrium. We found, experimentally and numerically, that the energy
separately associated with low frequency normal modes strongly depends on the
heat flux, and decouples sensibly from temperature. A 4% in the relative
temperature difference across the object around room temperature suffices to
excite two modes of a macroscopic oscillator, as if they were at equilibrium,
respectively, at temperatures about 20% and a factor 3.5 higher. We interpret
the result in terms of new flux-mediated correlations between modes in the
nonequilibrium state, which are absent at equilibrium.

29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an