Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: n-type electrical conduction in SnS thin films   Tin monosulfide (SnS) usually exhibits p-type conduction due to the low
formation enthalpy of acceptor-type defects, and as a result n-type SnS thin
films have never been obtained. This study realizes n-type conduction in SnS
thin films for the first time by using RF-magnetron sputtering with Cl doping
and sulfur plasma source during deposition. N-type SnS thin films are obtained
at all the substrate temperatures employed in this study (221-341 C),
exhibiting carrier concentrations and Hall mobilities of ~2 x 10 18 cm-3 and
0.1-1 cm V-1s-1, respectively. The films prepared without sulfur plasma source,
on the other hand, exhibit p-type conduction despite containing a comparable
amount of Cl donors. This is likely due to a significant amount of
acceptor-type defects originating from sulfur deficiency in p-type films, which
appears as a broad optical absorption within the band gap. The demonstration of
n-type SnS thin films in this study is a breakthrough for the realization of
SnS homojunction solar cells, which are expected to have a higher conversion
efficiency than the conventional heterojunction SnS solar cells.

3
The categories of this paper are: physics
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys