Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A 3D kinematic Babcock Leighton solar dynamo model sustained by dynamic
  magnetic buoyancy and flux transport processes   Magnetohydrodynamic interactions between plasma flows and magnetic fields is
fundamental to the origin and sustenance of the 11-year sunspot cycle. These
processes are intrinsically three-dimensional (3D) in nature. Our goal is to
construct a 3D solar dynamo model that on the one hand captures the buoyant
emergence of tilted bipolar sunspot pairs, and on the other hand produces
cyclic large-scale field reversals mediated via surface flux-transport
processes -- that is, the Babcock-Leighton mechanism. We perform kinematic
dynamo simulations where the prescribed velocity field is a combination of
solar-like differential rotation and meridional circulation, along with a
parametrized turbulent diffusivity. We use a novel methodology for modeling
magnetic buoyancy through field-strength-dependent 3D helical up-flows that
results in the formation of tilted bipolar sunspots. The bipolar spots produced
in our simulations participate in the process of poloidal-field generation
through the Babcock-Leighton mechanism, resulting in self-sustained and
periodic large-scale magnetic field reversal. Our parameter space study varying
the amplitude of the meridional flow, the convection zone diffusivity, and
parameters governing the efficiency of the magnetic buoyancy mechanism reveal
their relative roles in determining properties of the sunspot cycle such as
amplitude, period, and dynamical memory relevant to solar cycle prediction. We
also derive a new dynamo number for the Babcock-Leighton solar dynamo mechanism
which reasonably captures our model dynamics. This study elucidates the
relative roles of different flux-transport processes in the Sun's convection
zone in determining the properties and physics of the sunspot cycle and could
potentially lead to realistic, data-driven 3D dynamo models for solar-activity
predictions and exploration of stellar magnetism and starspot formation in
other stars.

14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
18
The categories of this paper are: econ