Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The current state and future directions of modeling thermosphere density
  enhancements during extreme magnetic storms   Satellites, crewed spacecraft and stations in low-Earth orbit (LEO) are very
sensitive to atmospheric drag. A satellite's lifetime and orbital tracking
become increasingly inaccurate or uncertain during magnetic storms. Given the
planned increase of government and private satellite presence in LEO, the need
for accurate density predictions for collision avoidance and lifetime
optimization, particularly during extreme events, has become an urgent matter
and requires comprehensive international collaboration. Additionally, long-term
solar activity models and historical data suggest that solar activity will
significantly increase in the following years and decades. In this article, we
briefly summarize the main achievements in the research of thermosphere
response to extreme magnetic storms occurring particularly after the launching
of many satellites with state-of-the-art accelerometers from which
high-accuracy density can be determined. We find that the performance of an
empirical model with data assimilation is higher than its performance without
data assimilation during all extreme storm phases. We discuss how forecasting
models can be improved by looking into two directions: first, to the past, by
adapting historical extreme storm datasets for density predictions, and second,
to the future, by facilitating the assimilation of large-scale thermosphere
data sets that will be collected in future events. Therefore, this topic is
relevant to the scientific community, government agencies that operate
satellites, and the private sector with assets operating in LEO.

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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: econ
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph