Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Vulnerability of Blockchain Technologies to Quantum Attacks   Quantum computation represents a threat to many cryptographic protocols in
operation today. It has been estimated that by 2035, there will exist a quantum
computer capable of breaking the vital cryptographic scheme RSA2048. Blockchain
technologies rely on cryptographic protocols for many of their essential
sub-routines. Some of these protocols, but not all, are open to quantum
attacks. Here we analyze the major blockchain-based cryptocurrencies deployed
today -- including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and ZCash, and determine their
risk exposure to quantum attacks. We finish with a comparative analysis of the
studied cryptocurrencies and their underlying blockchain technologies and their
relative levels of vulnerability to quantum attacks.

15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
2
The categories of this paper are: math
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci