Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Polynomial Apodizers for Centrally Obscured Vortex Coronagraphs   Several coronagraph designs have been proposed over the last two decades to
directly image exoplanets. Among these designs, the vector vortex coronagraphs
provide theoretically perfect starlight cancellation along with small inner
working angles when deployed on telescopes with unobstructed pupils. However,
current and planned space missions and ground-based extremely large telescopes
present complex pupil geometries, including secondary mirror central
obscurations, that prevent vortex coronagraphs from rejecting on-axis sources
entirely. Recent solutions combining the vortex phase mask with a ring-apodized
pupil have been proposed to circumvent this issue, but provide a limited
throughput for vortex charges $>2$. We present a family of pupil plane
apodizations that compensate for pupil geometries with circularly symmetric
central obstructions caused by on-axis secondary mirrors for charge 2, 4, and 6
vector vortex coronagraphs. These apodizations are derived analytically and
allow the vortex coronagraph to retain theoretically perfect nulling in the
presence of central obscurations. For a charge 4 vortex, we design polynomial
apodization functions assuming a greyscale apodizing filter that represent a
substantial gain in throughput over the ring-apodized vortex coronagraph
design, while for a charge 6 vortex, we design polynomial apodized vortex
coronagraphs that have $\gtrsim 70\%$ total energy throughput for the entire
range of central obscuration sizes studied. We propose methods for optimizing
apodizations produced with either greyscale apodizing filters or shaped
mirrors. We conclude by demonstrating how this design may be combined with
apodizations numerically optimized for struts and segment gaps in telescope
pupils to design terrestrial exoplanet imagers for complex pupils.

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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int