Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Ferro-deformation and shape phase transitions over the nuclear chart: 50
  < protons (Z) < 82 and 50 < neutrons (N) < 126   We study a global nuclear structure in the framework of experimental
observables. With the aid of large nuclear structure data at the national
nuclear data center, NNDC, we present the distinctive systematic patterns
emerged in the first 2+ excited energies, E(2+) and their energy ratios to the
first 4+ levels, R = E(4+)/E(2+), in the even-even nuclei, over 50 < Z < 82 for
protons, and 50 < N < 126 for neutrons. We introduce the so-called pseudo-shell
configurations from the subshells mixture in order to explain a semi-double
shell closure, a shape phase transition, and a reinforced deformation. It is
found that the reinforced deformation arises when Z = 64 or 66 correlates with
N = 90 and reaches its maximum, indicating R = 3.3. Such a saturated reinforced
deformation spans over Z = 58 to 72 and N = 100 to 106 as showing its center at
Z = 64 or 66 and at N = 102 or 104. We define this reinforced deformation 'a
ferro-deformation' like a ferro-magnetism in condensed matter physics. The
shape coexistence would be expected to occur, such as a ferro-deformation, with
a strong rotational mode, and a near spherical shape, with a vibrational mode,
at the critical points of Z = 64 or 66, with N = 88 and 90; 150Sm and 152Sm,
152Gd and 154Gd, and 154Dy and 156Dy. We suggest that a super-deformation,
which can be formed at high-lying excited states in a moderate deformed
nucleus, would correspond to the ferro-deformation at N = 88 for the nuclei;
Sm, Gd, and Dy. We argue that the ferro-deformation can be closely associated
with a strong spin-orbital interaction between neutrons and protons in the
spin-orbit doublet, h9/2-h11/2, leading to the critical points at Z, N = 64,
104.

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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ