Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Constraining Type Ia supernova explosions and early flux excesses with
  the Zwicky Transient Factory   In the new era of time-domain surveys Type Ia supernovae are being caught
sooner after explosion, which has exposed significant variation in their early
light curves. Two driving factors for early time evolution are the distribution
of nickel in the ejecta and the presence of flux excesses of various causes. We
perform an analysis of the largest young SN Ia sample to date. We compare 115
SN Ia light curves from the Zwicky Transient Facility to the turtls model grid
containing light curves of Chandrasekhar-mass explosions with a range of nickel
masses, nickel distributions and explosion energies. We find that the majority
of our observed light curves are well reproduced by Chandrasekhar-mass
explosion models with a preference for highly extended nickel distributions. We
identify six SNe Ia with an early-time flux excess in our g- and r-band data
(four `blue' and two `red' flux excesses). We find an intrinsic rate of 18+/-11
per cent of early flux excesses in SNe Ia at z < 0.07, based on three detected
flux excesses out of 30 (10 per cent) observed SNe Ia with a simulated
efficiency of 57 per cent. This is comparable to rates of flux excesses in the
literature but also accounts for detection efficiencies. Two of these events
are mostly consistent with CSM interaction, while the other four have longer
lifetimes in agreement with companion interaction and nickel-clump models. We
find a higher frequency of flux excesses in 91T/99aa-like events (44+/-13 per
cent).

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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th