Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Measuring Sentence-Level and Aspect-Level (Un)certainty in Science
  Communications   Certainty and uncertainty are fundamental to science communication. Hedges
have widely been used as proxies for uncertainty. However, certainty is a
complex construct, with authors expressing not only the degree but the type and
aspects of uncertainty in order to give the reader a certain impression of what
is known. Here, we introduce a new study of certainty that models both the
level and the aspects of certainty in scientific findings. Using a new dataset
of 2167 annotated scientific findings, we demonstrate that hedges alone account
for only a partial explanation of certainty. We show that both the overall
certainty and individual aspects can be predicted with pre-trained language
models, providing a more complete picture of the author's intended
communication. Downstream analyses on 431K scientific findings from news and
scientific abstracts demonstrate that modeling sentence-level and aspect-level
certainty is meaningful for areas like science communication. Both the model
and datasets used in this paper are released at
https://blablablab.si.umich.edu/projects/certainty/.

18
The categories of this paper are: econ
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys