Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Heating and Ionization of X-Winds   In order to compare the x-wind with observations, one needs to be able to
calculate its thermal and ionization properties. We formulate the physical
basis for the streamline-by-streamline integration of the ionization and heat
equations of the steady x-wind. In addition to the well-known processes
associated with the interaction of stellar and accretion-funnel hot-spot
radiation with the wind, we include X-ray heating and ionization, mechanical
heating, and a revised calculation of ambipolar diffusion heating. The
mechanical heating arises from fluctuations produced by star-disk interactions
of the time dependent x-wind that are carried by the wind to large distances
where they are dissipated in shocks, MHD waves, and turbulent cascades. We
model the time-averaged heating by the scale-free volumetric heating rate,
$\Gamma_{\rm mech} = \alpha \rho v^3 s^{-1}$, where $\rho$ and $v$ are the
local mass density and wind speed, respectively, $s$ is the distance from the
origin, and $\alpha$ is a phenomenological constant. When we consider a
partially-revealed but active young stellar object, we find that choosing
$\alpha \sim 10^{-3}$ in our numerical calculations produces temperatures and
electron fractions that are high enough for the x-wind jet to radiate in the
optical forbidden lines at the level and on the spatial scales that are
observed. We also discuss a variety of applications of our thermal-chemical
calculations that can lead to further observational checks of x-wind theory.

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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
2
The categories of this paper are: math
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys