Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: GMASS Ultradeep Spectroscopy of Galaxies at redshift z~2. I. The stellar
  metallicity   Context: Galaxy metallicities have been measured to redshift z~2 by gas-phase
oxygen abundances of the interstellar medium using the R23 and N2 methods.
Galaxy stellar metallicities provide crucial data for chemical evolution models
but have not been assessed reliably much outside the local Universe. Aims: We
determine the iron-abundance, stellar metallicity of star-forming galaxies
(SFGs) at redshift z~2, observed as part of the Galaxy Mass Assembly ultra-deep
Spectroscopic Survey (GMASS). Methods: We compute the equivalent width of a
rest-frame mid-ultraviolet, photospheric absorption-line index, the 1978 index
found to vary monotonically with stellar metallicity by Rix and collaborators.
We normalise and combine 75 SFG spectra from the GMASS survey to produce a
spectrum corresponding to a total integration time 1652.5 hours (and a
signal-to-noise ratio ~100 for our 1.5 angstrom binning) of FORS2 spectroscopic
observations at the Very Large Telescope. Results: We measure an
iron-abundance, stellar metallicity of log (Z/Zsolar) = -0.574+/-0.159 for our
spectrum representative of a galaxy of stellar mass 9.4 x 10^9 Msolar assuming
a Chabrier IMF. We find that the R04 model SFG spectrum for log (Z/Zsolar) =
-0.699 solar metallicity provides the best description of our GMASS coadded
spectrum. For similar galaxy stellar mass, our stellar metallicity is ~0.25 dex
lower than the oxygen-abundance, gas-phase metallicity quantified by Erb and
collaborators for UV-selected star-forming galaxies at z=2. Conclusions: We
conclude that we are witnessing the establishment of a light-element
overabundance in galaxies as they are being formed at redshift z~2. Our
measurements are reminiscent of the alpha-element enhancement seen in
low-redshift, galactic bulges and early-type galaxies. (Abridged)

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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas