Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A universal definition of the Kondo energy from the orthogonality
  catastrophe   The definitions of the Kondo energy in the numerical renormalization group
(NRG) and the Friedel artificially inserted resonance (FAIR) theory fail sadly
for small samples where their predicted Kondo energy increases, while in
reality the Kondo effect disappears. Therefore a different, universal
definition of the Kondo energy is proposed, which uses the evasion of the
orthogonality catastrophe by the Kondo impurity. In the absense of the Kondo
effect the multi-electron scalar product (MESP) between all occupied spin-up
and spin-down states approaches zero (the so-called orthogonality catastrophe).
In contrast in the Kondo ground state the corresponding conduction electrons of
opposite spin are pairwise aligned within the Kondo energy. In the present
paper the MESP is investigated for the FAIR solution of the Friedel-Anderson
impurity. The MESP is numerically determined for the (enforced) magnetic and
the singlet states as a function of the number N of Wilson states. The magnetic
states show an exponentially decreasing MESP as a function of N. In the singlet
state the ground state requires a finite MESP to optimize its energy. As a
consequence there is no orthogonality catastrophe. Within the energy range of
the Kondo energy the scalar product between corresponding (single electron)
spin-up and spin-down states is very close to 1.000 and falls off beyond the
Kondo energy. The energy which separates the two regions is well suited as a
universal definition of the Kondo energy.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph