Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Revisiting Classifier Two-Sample Tests   The goal of two-sample tests is to assess whether two samples, $S_P \sim P^n$
and $S_Q \sim Q^m$, are drawn from the same distribution. Perhaps intriguingly,
one relatively unexplored method to build two-sample tests is the use of binary
classifiers. In particular, construct a dataset by pairing the $n$ examples in
$S_P$ with a positive label, and by pairing the $m$ examples in $S_Q$ with a
negative label. If the null hypothesis "$P = Q$" is true, then the
classification accuracy of a binary classifier on a held-out subset of this
dataset should remain near chance-level. As we will show, such Classifier
Two-Sample Tests (C2ST) learn a suitable representation of the data on the fly,
return test statistics in interpretable units, have a simple null distribution,
and their predictive uncertainty allow to interpret where $P$ and $Q$ differ.
The goal of this paper is to establish the properties, performance, and uses of
C2ST. First, we analyze their main theoretical properties. Second, we compare
their performance against a variety of state-of-the-art alternatives. Third, we
propose their use to evaluate the sample quality of generative models with
intractable likelihoods, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs).
Fourth, we showcase the novel application of GANs together with C2ST for causal
discovery.

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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph