Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Evolution and Spectral Response of a Steam Atmosphere for Early Earth
  with a coupled climate-interior model   The evolution of Earth's early atmosphere and the emergence of habitable
conditions on our planet are intricately coupled with the development and
duration of the magma ocean phase during the early Hadean period (4 to 4.5 Ga).
In this paper, we deal with the evolution of the steam atmosphere during the
magma ocean period. We obtain the outgoing longwave radiation using a
line-by-line radiative transfer code GARLIC. Our study suggests that an
atmosphere consisting of pure H$_{2}$O, built as a result of outgassing extends
the magma ocean lifetime to several million years. The thermal emission as a
function of solidification timescale of magma ocean is shown. We study the
effect of thermal dissociation of H$_{2}$O at higher temperatures by applying
atmospheric chemical equilibrium which results in the formation of H$_{2}$ and
O$_{2}$ during the early phase of the magma ocean. A 1-6\% reduction in the OLR
is seen. We also obtain the effective height of the atmosphere by calculating
the transmission spectra for the whole duration of the magma ocean. An
atmosphere of depth ~100 km is seen for pure water atmospheres. The effect of
thermal dissociation on the effective height of the atmosphere is also shown.
Due to the difference in the absorption behavior at different altitudes, the
spectral features of H$_{2}$ and O$_{2}$ are seen at different altitudes of the
atmosphere. Therefore, these species along with H$_{2}$O have a significant
contribution to the transmission spectra and could be useful for placing
observational constraints upon magma ocean exoplanets.

5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: math