Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Photonic neuromorphic computing using vertical cavity semiconductor
  lasers   Photonic realizations of neural network computing hardware are a promising
approach to enable future scalability of neuromorphic computing. In this review
we provide an overview on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and
how these high-performance electro-optical components either implement or are
combined with additional photonic hardware to demonstrate points (i-iii). In
the neurmorphic photonics' context, VCSELs are of exceptional interest as they
are compatible with CMOS fabrication, readily achieve 30\% wall-plug efficiency
and >30~GHz modulation bandwidth and hence are highly energy efficient and
ultra-fast. Crucially, they react highly nonlinear to optical injection as well
as to electrical modulation, making them highly suitable as all-optical as well
as electro-optical photonic neurons. Their optical cavities are
wavelength-limited, and standard semiconductor growth and lithography enables
non-classical cavity configurations and geometries. This enables excitable
VCSELs (i.e. spiking VCSELs) to finely control their temporal and spatial
coherence, to unlock Terahertz bandwidths through spin-flip effects, and even
to leverage cavity quantum electrodynamics to further boost their efficiency.
Finally, as VCSEL arrays they are compatible with standard 2D photonic
integration, but their emission vertical to the substrate makes them ideally
suited for scalable integrated networks leveraging 3D photonic waveguides.
Here, we discuss the implementation of spatially as well as temporally
multiplexed VCSEL neural networks and reservoirs, computation on the basis of
excitable VCSELs as photonic spiking neurons, as well as concepts and advances
in the fabrication of VCSELs and microlasers.

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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat