Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Phylodynamic signatures in the emergence of community-associated MRSA Community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineages have emerged in many geographically distinct regions around the world during the past 30 years. Here, we apply consistent phylodynamic methods across multiple community-associated MRSA lineages to describe and contrast their patterns of emergence and dissemination. We generated whole genome sequencing data for the Australian sequence type (ST) 93-MRSA-IV from remote communities in Far North Queensland and Papua New Guinea, and the Bengal Bay ST772-MRSA-V clone from metropolitan communities in Pakistan. Increases in the effective reproduction number (Re) and sustained transmission (Re > 1) coincided with spread of progenitor methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in remote northern Australia, dissemination of the ST93-MRSA-IV geno-type into population centers on the Australian East Coast, and sub-sequent importation into the highlands of Papua New Guinea and Far North Queensland. Analysis of a ST772-MRSA-V cluster in Pakistan suggests that sustained transmission in the community following importation of resistant genotypes may be more common than previously thought. Applying the same phylodynamic methods to existing lineage datasets, we identified common signatures of epidemic growth in the emergence and epidemiological trajectory of community-associated S. aureus lineages from America, Asia, Australasia and Europe. Surges in Re were observed at the divergence of antibiotic resistant strains, coinciding with their establishment in regional population centers. Epidemic growth was also observed amongst drug-resistant MSSA clades in Africa and northern Australia. Our data suggest that the emergence of community-associated MRSA and MSSA lineages in the late 20th century was driven by a combination of antibiotic resistant genotypes and host epidemiology, leading to abrupt changes in lineage-wide transmission dynamics and sustained transmission in regional population centers.
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The categories of this paper are: genetics
17
The categories of this paper are: molecular
29
The categories of this paper are: education
5
The categories of this paper are: cell
18
The categories of this paper are: systems
13
The categories of this paper are: animal
6
The categories of this paper are: plant
4
The categories of this paper are: neuroscience
12
The categories of this paper are: behavior
28
The categories of this paper are: communication
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The categories of this paper are: epidemiology
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The categories of this paper are: pathology
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The categories of this paper are: cancer
11
The categories of this paper are: cognition
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The categories of this paper are: ecology
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The categories of this paper are: pharmacology