Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A Markov Chain Approach for Defining the Fundamental Efficiency Limits
  of Classical and Bifacial Multi-junction Tandem Solar Cells   Bifacial tandem cells promise to reduce three fundamental losses
(above-bandgap, below bandgap, and the uncollected light between panels)
inherent in classical single junction PV systems. The successive filtering of
light through the bandgap cascade, and requirement of current continuity make
optimization of tandem cells difficult, accessible only to numerical solution
through computer modeling. The challenge is even more complicated for bifacial
design. In this paper, we use an elegantly simple Markov chain approach to show
that the essential physics of optimization is intuitively obvious, and deeply
insightful results can obtained analytically with a few lines of algebra. This
powerful approach reproduces, as special cases, all the known results of
traditional/bifacial tandem cells, and highlights the asymptotic efficiency
gain of these technologies.

31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
2
The categories of this paper are: math
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph