Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Insights into brain microstructure from in vivo DW-MRS   Many developmental processes, such as plasticity and aging, or pathological
processes such as neurological diseases are characterized by modulations of
specific cellular types and their microstructures. Diffusion-weighted Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) is a powerful technique for probing microstructure,
yet its information arises from the ubiquitous, non-specific water signal. By
contrast, diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (DW-MRS) allows
specific characterizations of tissues such as brain and muscle in vivo by
quantifying the diffusion properties of MR-observable metabolites. Many brain
metabolites are predominantly intracellular, and some of them are
preferentially localized in specific brain cell populations, e.g., neurons and
glia. Given the microstructural sensitivity of diffusion-encoding filters,
investigation of metabolite diffusion properties using DW-MRS can thus provide
exclusive cell and compartment-specific information. Furthermore, since many
models and assumptions are used for quantification of water diffusion,
metabolite diffusion may serve to generate a-priori information for model
selection in DW-MRI. However, DW-MRS measurements are extremely challenging,
from the acquisition to the accurate and correct analysis and quantification
stages. In this review, we survey the state-of-the-art methods that have been
developed for the robust acquisition, quantification and analysis of DW-MRS
data and discuss the potential relevance of DW-MRS for elucidating brain
microstructure in vivo. The review highlights that when accurate data on the
diffusion of multiple metabolites is combined with accurate computational and
geometrical modelling, DW-MRS can provide unique cell-specific information on
the intracellular structure of brain tissue, in health and disease, which could
serve as incentives for further application in vivo in human (...)

17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph