Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Membraneless organelles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation
  increase bacterial fitness   Liquid-liquid phase separation is emerging as a crucial phenomenon in several
fundamental cell processes. A range of eukaryotic systems exhibit liquid
condensates. However, their function in bacteria, which in general lack
membrane-bound compartments, remains less clear. Here, we used high-resolution
optical microscopy to observe single bacterial aggresomes, nanostructured
intracellular assemblies of proteins, to undercover their role in cell stress.
We find that proteins inside aggresomes are mobile and undergo dynamic
turnover, consistent with a liquid state. Our observations are in quantitative
agreement with phase-separated liquid droplet formation driven by interacting
proteins under thermal equilibrium that nucleate following diffusive collisions
in the cytoplasm. We have discovered aggresomes in multiple species of
bacteria, and show that these emergent, metastable liquid-structured protein
assemblies increase bacterial fitness by enabling cells to tolerate
environmental stresses.

15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
1
The categories of this paper are: cs