Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Integrating Knowledge in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition for
  Mandarin-English Code-Switching   Code-Switching (CS) is a common linguistic phenomenon in multilingual
communities that consists of switching between languages while speaking. This
paper presents our investigations on end-to-end speech recognition for
Mandarin-English CS speech. We analyse different CS specific issues such as the
properties mismatches between languages in a CS language pair, the
unpredictable nature of switching points, and the data scarcity problem. We
exploit and improve the state-of-the-art end-to-end system by merging
nonlinguistic symbols, by integrating language identification using
hierarchical softmax, by modeling sub-word units, by artificially lowering the
speaking rate, and by augmenting data using speed perturbed technique and
several monolingual datasets to improve the final performance not only on CS
speech but also on monolingual benchmarks in order to make the system more
applicable on real life settings. Finally, we explore the effect of different
language model integration methods on the performance of the proposed model.
Our experimental results reveal that all the proposed techniques improve the
recognition performance. The best combined system improves the baseline system
by up to 35% relatively in terms of mixed error rate and delivers acceptable
performance on monolingual benchmarks.

31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga