Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The imprint of superradiance on hierarchical black hole mergers   Ultralight bosons are a proposed solution to outstanding problems in
cosmology and particle physics: they provide a dark-matter candidate while
potentially explaining the strong charge-parity problem. If they exist,
ultralight bosons can interact with black holes through the superradiant
instability. In this work we explore the consequences of this instability on
the evolution of hierarchical black holes within dense stellar clusters. By
reducing the spin of individual black holes, superradiance reduce the recoil
velocity of merging binary black holes, which, in turn, increases the retention
fraction of hierarchical merger remnants. We show that the existence of
ultralight bosons with mass $ 2\times10^{-14}\lesssim \mu/\textrm{eV}
\lesssim2\times10^{-13}$ would lead to an increased rate of hierarchical black
hole mergers in nuclear star clusters. An ultralight boson in this energy range
would result in up to $\approx60\%$ more present-day nuclear star clusters
supporting hierarchical growth. The presence of an ultralight boson can also
double the rate of intermediate mass black hole mergers to
$\approx0.08$\,Gpc$^{-3}$\,yr$^{-1}$ in the local Universe. These results imply
that a select range of ultralight boson mass can have far-reaching consequences
for the population of black holes in dense stellar environments. Future studies
into black hole cluster populations and the spin distribution of hierarchically
formed black holes will test this scenario.

25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
2
The categories of this paper are: math
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
1
The categories of this paper are: cs