Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Toward Robotic Weed Control: Detection of Nutsedge Weed in Bermudagrass
  Turf Using Inaccurate and Insufficient Training Data   To enable robotic weed control, we develop algorithms to detect nutsedge weed
from bermudagrass turf. Due to the similarity between the weed and the
background turf, manual data labeling is expensive and error-prone.
Consequently, directly applying deep learning methods for object detection
cannot generate satisfactory results. Building on an instance detection
approach (i.e. Mask R-CNN), we combine synthetic data with raw data to train
the network. We propose an algorithm to generate high fidelity synthetic data,
adopting different levels of annotations to reduce labeling cost. Moreover, we
construct a nutsedge skeleton-based probabilistic map (NSPM) as the neural
network input to reduce the reliance on pixel-wise precise labeling. We also
modify loss function from cross entropy to Kullback-Leibler divergence which
accommodates uncertainty in the labeling process. We implement the proposed
algorithm and compare it with both Faster R-CNN and Mask R-CNN. The results
show that our design can effectively overcome the impact of imprecise and
insufficient training sample issues and significantly outperform the Faster
R-CNN counterpart with a false negative rate of only 0.4%. In particular, our
approach also reduces labeling time by 95% while achieving better performance
if comparing with the original Mask R-CNN approach.

15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg