Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: LBT Reveals Large Dust Particles and a High Mass Loss Rate for K2-22 b   The disintegrating planet candidate K2-22 b shows periodic and stochastic
transits best explained by an escaping debris cloud. However, the mechanism
that creates the debris cloud is unknown. The grain size of the debris as well
as its sublimation rate can be helpful in understanding the environment that
disintegrates the planet. Here, we present simultaneous photometry with the g
band at 0.48 microns and KS band at 2.1 microns using the Large Binocular
Telescope. During an event with very low dust activity, we put a new upper
limit on the size of the planet of 0.71 earth radii or 4500 km. We also
detected a medium-depth transit which can be used to constrain the dust
particle sizes. We find that the median particle size must be larger than about
0.5 to 1.0 microns, depending on the composition of the debris. This leads to a
high mass loss rate of about 3e8 kg/s that is consistent with hydrodynamic
escape models. If they are produced by some alternate mechanism such as
explosive volcanism, it would require extraordinary geological activity.
Combining our upper limits on the planet size with the high mass loss rate, we
find a lifetime of the planet of less than 370 Myr. This drops to just 21 Myr
when adopting the 0.02 earth masses predicted from hydrodynamical models.

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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: econ