Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Intensity-Modulated Fiber-Optic Voltage Sensors for Power Distribution
  Systems   We design, test, and analyze fiber-optic voltage sensors based on optical
reflection from a piezoelectric transducer. By controlling the physical
dimensions of the device, we can tune the frequency of its natural resonance to
achieve a desired sensitivity and bandwidth combination. In this work, we fully
characterize sensors designed with a 2 kHz characteristic resonance,
experimentally verifying a readily usable frequency range from approximately 10
Hz to 3 kHz. Spectral noise measurements indicate detectable voltage levels
down to 300 mV rms at 60 Hz, along with a full-scale dynamic range of 60 dB,
limited currently by the readout electronics, not the inherent performance of
the transducer in the sensor. Additionally, we demonstrate a digital signal
processing approach to equalize the measured frequency response, enabling
accurate retrieval of short-pulse inputs. Our results suggest the value and
applicability of intensity-modulated fiber-optic voltage sensors for measuring
both steady-state waveforms and broadband transients which, coupled with the
straightforward and compact design of the sensors, should make them effective
tools in electric grid monitoring.

12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
2
The categories of this paper are: math