Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Determining the sign of $\Delta_{31}$ at long baseline neutrino
  experiments   Recently it is advocated that high intensity and low energy $(E_\nu \sim 2
GeV)$ neutrino beams should be built to probe the $(13)$ mixing angle $\phi$ to
a level of a few parts in $10^4$. Experiments using such beams will have better
signal to background ratio in searches for $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ oscillations. We
propose that such experiments can also determine the sign of $\Delta_{31}$ even
if the beam consists of {\it neutrinos} only. By measuring the $\nu_\mu \to
\nu_e$ transitions in two different energy ranges, the effects due to
propagation of neutrinos through earth's crust can be isolated and the sign of
$\Delta_{31}$ can be determined. If the sensitivity of an experiment to $\phi$
is $\epsilon$, then the same experiment is automatically sensitive to matter
effects and the sign of $\Delta_{31}$ for values of $\phi \geq 2 \epsilon$.

23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex