Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Disentangling brain heterogeneity via semi-supervised deep-learning and
  MRI: dimensional representations of Alzheimer's Disease   Heterogeneity of brain diseases is a challenge for precision
diagnosis/prognosis. We describe and validate Smile-GAN (SeMI-supervised
cLustEring-Generative Adversarial Network), a novel semi-supervised
deep-clustering method, which dissects neuroanatomical heterogeneity, enabling
identification of disease subtypes via their imaging signatures relative to
controls. When applied to MRIs (2 studies; 2,832 participants; 8,146 scans)
including cognitively normal individuals and those with cognitive impairment
and dementia, Smile-GAN identified 4 neurodegenerative patterns/axes: P1,
normal anatomy and highest cognitive performance; P2, mild/diffuse atrophy and
more prominent executive dysfunction; P3, focal medial temporal atrophy and
relatively greater memory impairment; P4, advanced neurodegeneration. Further
application to longitudinal data revealed two distinct progression pathways:
P1$\rightarrow$P2$\rightarrow$P4 and P1$\rightarrow$P3$\rightarrow$P4. Baseline
expression of these patterns predicted the pathway and rate of future
neurodegeneration. Pattern expression offered better yet complementary
performance in predicting clinical progression, compared to amyloid/tau. These
deep-learning derived biomarkers offer promise for precision diagnostics and
targeted clinical trial recruitment.

8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph