Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Influences of tongue biomechanics on speech movements during the
  production of velar stop consonants: a modeling study   This study explores the following hypothesis: forward looping movements of
the tongue that are observed in VCV sequences are due partly to the anatomical
arrangement of the tongue muscles and how they are used to produce a velar
closure. The study uses an anatomically based 2D biomechanical tongue model.
Tissue elastic properties are accounted for in finite-element modeling, and
movement is controlled by constant-rate control parameter shifts. Tongue
raising and lowering movements are produced by the model with the combined
actions of the genioglossus, styloglossus and hyoglossus. Simulations of V1CV2
movements were made, where C is a velar consonant and V is [a], [i] or [u]. If
V1 is one of the vowels [a] and [u], the resulting trajectories describe
movements that begin to loop forward before consonant closure and continue to
slide along the palate during the closure. This prediction is in agreement with
classical data published in the literature. If V1 is vowel [i], we observe a
small backward movement. This is also in agreement with some measurements on
human speakers, but it is also in contradiction with the original data
published by Houde (1967). These observations support the idea that the
biomechanical properties of the tongue could be the main factor responsible for
the forward loops when V1 is a back vowel. In the left [i] context, it seems
that additional factors have to be taken into considerations, in order to
explain the observations made on some speakers

37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex