Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Development of a Practicable Digital Pulse Read-out for Dark-field STEM   When characterising beam-sensitive materials in the scanning transmission
electron microscope (STEM), low-dose techniques are essential for the reliable
observation of samples in their true state. A simple route to minimise both the
total electron-dose and the dose-rate is to reduce the electron beam-current
and/or raster the probe at higher speeds. At the limit of these settings, and
with current detectors, the resulting images suffer from unacceptable artefacts
including; signal-streaking, detector-afterglow, and poor signal-to-noise
ratios (SNR). In this manuscript we present an alternative approach to capture
dark-field STEM images by pulse-counting individual electrons as they are
scattered to the annular dark-field (ADF) detector. Digital images formed in
this way are immune from analogue artefacts of streaking or afterglow and allow
clean, high-SNR images to be obtained even at low beam-currents. We present
results from both a ThermoFisher FEI Titan G2 operated at 300kV and a Nion
UltraSTEM200 operated at 200kV, and compare the images to conventional analogue
recordings. ADF data are compared with analogue counterparts for each
instrument, a digital detector-response scan is performed on the Titan, and the
overall rastering efficiency is evaluated for various scanning parameters.

18
The categories of this paper are: econ
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas