Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Experimental investigation of the flow downstream of a dysfunctional
  bileaflet mechanical aortic valve   Mechanical heart valve replacement is the preferred alternative in younger
patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve disease. However, thrombus and
pannus formations are common complications associated with bileaflet mechanical
heart valves. This leads to risks of valve leaflet dysfunction, a life
threatening event. In this experimental study, we investigate, using time
resolved planar particle image velocimetry, the flow characteristics in the
ascending aorta in the presence of a dysfunctional bileaflet mechanical heart
valve. Several configurations of leaflet dysfunction are investigated and the
induced flow disturbances in terms of velocity fields, viscous energy
dissipation, wall shear stress, and accumulation of viscous shear stresses are
evaluated. We also explore the ability of a new set of parameters, solely based
on the analysis of the normalized axial velocity profiles in the ascending
aorta, to detect bileaflet mechanical heart valve dysfunction and differentiate
between the different configurations tested in this study. Our results show
that a bileaflet mechanical heart valve dysfunction leads to a complex spectrum
of flow disturbances with each flow characteristic evaluated having its own
worst case scenario in terms of dysfunction configuration. We also show that
the suggested approach based on the analysis of the normalized axial velocity
profiles in the ascending aorta has the potential to clearly discriminate not
only between normal and dysfunctional bilealfet heart valves but also between
the different leaflet dysfunction configurations. This approach could be easily
implemented using phase contrast MRI to follow up patients with bileaflet
mechanical heart valves.

2
The categories of this paper are: math
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc