Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: UV background fluctuations traced by metal ions at $z\approx3$   Here we investigate how LyC-opaque systems present in the intergalactic
medium at $z\approx3$ can distort the spectral shape of a uniform UV background
(UVB) through radiative transfer (RT) effects. With this aim in mind, we
perform a multi-frequency RT simulation through a cosmic volume of
$10h^{-1}$~cMpc scale polluted by metals, and self-consistently derive the ions
of all the species. The UVB spatial fluctuations are traced by the ratio of
He$\, \rm \scriptstyle II\ $ and H$\, \rm \scriptstyle I\ $ column density,
$\eta$, and the ratio of C$\,{\rm {\scriptstyle IV\ }}$ and Si$\,{\rm
{\scriptstyle IV\ }}$ optical depths, $\zeta$. We find that: (i) $\eta$
spatially fluctuates through over-dense systems ($\Delta$) with statistically
significant deviations $\delta\eta >25$\% in 18\% of the volume ; (ii) same
fluctuations in $\zeta$ are also present in $34$\% of the enriched domain (only
8\% of the total volume) and derive from a combination of RT induced effects
and in-homogeneous metal enrichment, both effective in systems with $\Delta >
1.5$.

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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
2
The categories of this paper are: math
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg