Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Multiscale Mechanical Consequences of Ocean Acidification for Cold-Water
  Corals   Ocean acidification is a threat to deep-sea corals and could lead to dramatic
and rapid loss of the reef framework habitat they build. Weakening of
structurally critical parts of the coral reef framework can lead to physical
habitat collapse on an ecosystem scale, reducing the potential for biodiversity
support. The mechanism underpinning crumbling and collapse of corals can be
described via a combination of laboratory-scale experiments and mathematical
and computational models. We synthesise data from electron back-scatter
diffraction, micro-computed tomography, and micromechanical experiments,
supplemented by molecular dynamics and continuum micromechanics simulations to
predict failure of coral structures under increasing porosity and dissolution.
Results reveal remarkable mechanical properties of cold-water coral skeletons
of 462 MPa compressive strength and 45-67 GPa stiffness. This is 10 times
stronger than concrete, twice as strong than ultrahigh performance fibre
reinforced concrete, or nacre. Contrary to what would be expected, CWCs
skeletons retain their strength despite a loss of stiffness and even when
synthesised under future oceanic conditions. Our models capture the impact of
corrosive waters on exposed skeletons and illustrate how small modifications in
their skeleton lead to significantly increased risk of crumbling coral habitat.
This new understanding, combined with projections of how seawater chemistry
will change over the coming decades, will help support future conservation and
management efforts of these vulnerable marine ecosystems by identifying which
ecosystems are at risk and when they will be at risk, allowing assessment of
the impact upon associated biodiversity.

17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
2
The categories of this paper are: math
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph