Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A Detailed Characterization of the Expert Problem-Solving Process in
  Science and Engineering; Guidance for Teaching and Assessment   A primary goal of science and engineering (S & E) education is to produce
good problem solvers, but how to best teach and measure the quality of
problem-solving remains unclear. The process is complex, multifaceted, and not
fully characterized. Here we present a theoretical framework of the S & E
problem-solving process as a set of specific interlinked decisions. This theory
is empirically grounded and describes the entire process. To develop this
theory, we interviewed 52 successful scientists and engineers (experts)
spanning different disciplines, including biology and medicine. They described
how they solved a typical but important problem in their work, and we analyzed
the interviews in terms of decisions made. Surprisingly, we found that across
all experts and fields, the solution process was framed around making a set of
just twenty-nine specific decisions. We also found that the process of making
those discipline-general decisions (selecting between alternative actions)
relied heavily on domain-specific predictive models that embodied the relevant
disciplinary knowledge. This set of decisions provides a guide for the detailed
measurement and teaching of S & E problem-solving. This decision framework also
provides a more specific, complete, and empirically based theory describing the
practices of science.

1
The categories of this paper are: cs
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol