Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Pebble Accretion in Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks   It has been realized in recent years that the accretion of pebble-sized dust
particles onto planetary cores is an important mode of core growth, which
enables the formation of giant planets at large distances and assists planet
formation in general. The pebble accretion theory is built upon the orbit
theory of dust particles in a laminar protoplanetary disk (PPD). For
sufficiently large core mass (in the "Hill regime"), essentially all particles
of appropriate sizes entering the Hill sphere can be captured. However, the
outer regions of PPDs are expected to be weakly turbulent due to the
magnetorotational instability (MRI), where turbulent stirring of particle
orbits may affect the efficiency of pebble accretion. We conduct shearing-box
simulations of pebble accretion with different levels of MRI turbulence
(strongly turbulent assuming ideal magnetohydrodynamics, weakly turbulent in
the presence of ambipolar diffusion, and laminar) and different core masses to
test the efficiency of pebble accretion at a microphysical level. We find that
accretion remains efficient for marginally coupled particles (dimensionless
stopping time tau_s ~ 0.1 - 1) even in the presence of strong MRI turbulence.
Though more dust particles are brought toward the core by the turbulence, this
effect is largely canceled by a reduction in accretion probability. As a
result, the overall effect of turbulence on the accretion rate is mainly
reflected in the changes in the thickness of the dust layer. On the other hand,
we find that the efficiency of pebble accretion for strongly coupled particles
(down to tau_s ~ 0.01) can be modestly reduced by strong turbulence for
low-mass cores.

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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int