Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Confronting Standard Models of Proto--Planetary Disks With New
  Mid--Infrared Sizes from the Keck Interferometer   We present near and mid-infrared interferometric observations made with the
Keck Interferometer Nuller and near-contemporaneous spectro-photometry from the
IRTF of 11 well known young stellar objects, several observed for the first
time in these spectral and spatial resolution regimes. With AU-level spatial
resolution, we first establish characteristic sizes of the infrared emission
using a simple geometrical model consisting of a hot inner rim and mid-infrared
disk emission. We find a high degree of correlation between the stellar
luminosity and the mid-infrared disk sizes after using near-infrared data to
remove the contribution from the inner rim. We then use a semi-analytical
physical model to also find that the very widely used "star + inner dust rim +
flared disk" class of models strongly fails to reproduce the SED and
spatially-resolved mid-infrared data simultaneously; specifically a more
compact source of mid-infrared emission is required than results from the
standard flared disk model. We explore the viability of a modification to the
model whereby a second dust rim containing smaller dust grains is added, and
find that the two-rim model leads to significantly improved fits in most cases.
This complexity is largely missed when carrying out SED modelling alone,
although detailed silicate feature fitting by McClure et al. 2013 recently came
to a similar conclusion. As has been suggested recently by Menu et al. 2015,
the difficulty in predicting mid-infrared sizes from the SED alone might hint
at "transition disk"-like gaps in the inner AU; however, the relatively high
correlation found in our mid-infrared disk size vs. stellar luminosity relation
favors layered disk morphologies and points to missing disk model ingredients
instead.

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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat