Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Improved Heat Tolerance in Heat-acclimated Mice: the Probable Role of the PD-L1 Pathway Heat stroke is a life-threatening illness and is related to systematic inflammation-induced multiple organ dysfunction. Available evidence indicates that the severity of the systematic inflammatory response in heat stroke may be related to the changes in immune regulation brought by heat acclimation. However, the mechanisms of heat acclimation are still unclear. Here, we assessed the differences in immunocyte subsets in the spleen and lymph nodes of heat-acclimated and unacclimated mice. A higher frequency of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs was observed in heat-acclimated mice. Our results indicated that the improved heat tolerance exhibited during acute heat stress exposure was related to an increased number of Tregs. In heat-acclimated mice, an increase in the number of Tregs was able to mitigate the recruitment of neutrophils, inhibit the activation of neutrophils, and suppress the severity of acute inflammation. Increased differentiation and development of Tregs in peripheral immune organs in heat-acclimated mice might stem from enhanced expression of Foxp3 and PD-L1. Our results strongly suggest that the regulatory function of increased Tregs on neutrophils may be regulated through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. The anti-inflammatory effects of Tregs have never been studied in the context of heat stress-induced systemic inflammation. Thus, our results on immunoregulation involving Tregs in heat-acclimated mice might be significant for devising a potential treatment for systemic inflammatory response syndrome and heatstroke.
25
The categories of this paper are: bioengineering
29
The categories of this paper are: education
4
The categories of this paper are: neuroscience
7
The categories of this paper are: ecology
17
The categories of this paper are: molecular
2
The categories of this paper are: biology
5
The categories of this paper are: cell
28
The categories of this paper are: communication
10
The categories of this paper are: and
13
The categories of this paper are: animal
27
The categories of this paper are: pathology
30
The categories of this paper are: scientific
0
The categories of this paper are: genetics
24
The categories of this paper are: cancer
18
The categories of this paper are: systems
32
The categories of this paper are: zoology