Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Hate Towards the Political Opponent: A Twitter Corpus Study of the 2020
  US Elections on the Basis of Offensive Speech and Stance Detection   The 2020 US Elections have been, more than ever before, characterized by
social media campaigns and mutual accusations. We investigate in this paper if
this manifests also in online communication of the supporters of the candidates
Biden and Trump, by uttering hateful and offensive communication. We formulate
an annotation task, in which we join the tasks of hateful/offensive speech
detection and stance detection, and annotate 3000 Tweets from the campaign
period, if they express a particular stance towards a candidate. Next to the
established classes of favorable and against, we add mixed and neutral stances
and also annotate if a candidate is mentioned without an opinion expression.
Further, we annotate if the tweet is written in an offensive style. This
enables us to analyze if supporters of Joe Biden and the Democratic Party
communicate differently than supporters of Donald Trump and the Republican
Party. A BERT baseline classifier shows that the detection if somebody is a
supporter of a candidate can be performed with high quality (.89 F1 for Trump
and .91 F1 for Biden), while the detection that somebody expresses to be
against a candidate is more challenging (.79 F1 and .64 F1, respectively). The
automatic detection of hate/offensive speech remains challenging (with .53 F1).
Our corpus is publicly available and constitutes a novel resource for
computational modelling of offensive language under consideration of stances.

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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex