Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Validation of Immersed Boundary Simulations of Heart Valve Hemodynamics
  against In Vitro 4D Flow MRI Data   The immersed boundary (IB) method is a mathematical framework for
fluid-structure interaction problems (FSI) that was originally developed to
simulate flows around heart valves. Validation of the FSI simulations around
heart valves against experimental data is challenging, however, due to the
difficulty of performing robust and effective simulations, the complications of
modeling a specific physical experiment, and the need to acquire experimental
data that is directly comparable to simulation data. In this work, we performed
physical experiments of flow through a pulmonary valve in an in vitro pulse
duplicator, and measured the corresponding velocity field using 4D flow MRI
(4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging). We constructed a model of this
pulmonary artery setup, including modeling valve geometry and material
properties via a technique called design-based elasticity, and simulated flow
through it with the IB method. The simulated flow fields showed excellent
qualitative agreement with experiments, excellent agreement on integral
metrics, and reasonable relative error in the entire flow domain and on slices
of interest. These results validate our design-based valve model construction,
the IB solvers used and the immersed boundary method for flows around heart
valves.

2
The categories of this paper are: math
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th