Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Pumping of the 4.8 GHz H$_{\text{2}}$CO masers and its implications for
  the periodic masers in G37.55+0.20   Periodic or regular flaring of class II methanol masers in nine high mass
star forming regions is now a well established phenomenon. Amongst the nine
star forming regions, G37.55+0.20 is the only case at present where apart from
the presence of a periodic class II methanol maser, correlated flaring of
another masing species, formaldehyde in this case, has been detected. We
perform numerical calculations to investigate under which conditions the 4.8
GHz transition of ortho-formaldehyde is inverted in order to address the
question of the correlated flaring of the 6.7 GHz methanol and 4.8 GHz
formaldehyde masers in G37.55+0.20. We developed a numerical code to study the
population inversion of o-formaldehyde. Equilibrium solutions for the level
populations are found by integrating the rate equations using Heun's method. It
is found that collisional excitation with H$_2$ as well as radiative excitation
by the free-free radio continuum radiation from a nearby ultra- or
hyper-compact HII region can invert the 4.8 GHz transition. It is also found
that radiative excitation by the dust infrared radiation field does not lead to
an inversion of the 4.8 GHz transition. The 14.5 GHz and 28.9 GHz transitions
are inverted only in the presence of the free-free continuum radiation field of
a very compact HII region. Due to the different pumping mechanisms of the
formaldehyde and methanol masers it is unlikely that the near simultaneous
flaring of the methanol and formaldehyde masers in G37.55+0.20 is due to
changes in the pumping of the masers.

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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th