Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Interaction of a Hydrogen Refueling Station Network for Heavy-Duty
  Vehicles and the Power System in Germany for 2050   A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the
transport sector is to use alternatively fueled vehicles (AFV). Heavy-duty
vehicles (HDV) emit a large share of GHG emissions in the transport sector and
are therefore the subject of growing attention from global regulators. Fuel
cell and green hydrogen technologies are a promising option to decarbonize
HDVs, as their fast refueling and long vehicle ranges are in line with current
logistic operation concepts. Moreover, the application of green hydrogen in
transport could enable more effective integration of renewable energies (RE)
across different energy sectors. This paper explores the interplay between HDV
Hydrogen Refueling Stations (HRS) that produce hydrogen locally and the power
system by combining an infrastructure location planning model and an energy
system optimization model that takes grid expansion options into account. Two
scenarios - one sizing refueling stations in symbiosis with the power system
and one sizing them independently of it - are assessed regarding their impacts
on the total annual energy system costs, regional RE integration and the
levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). The impacts are calculated based on
locational marginal pricing for 2050. Depending on the integration scenario, we
find average LCOH of between 5.66 euro/kg and 6.20 euro/kg, for which nodal
electricity prices are the main determining factor as well as a strong
difference in LCOH between north and south Germany. From a system perspective,
investing in HDV-HRS in symbiosis with the power system rather than
independently promises cost savings of around one billion-euros per annum. We
therefore conclude that the co-optimization of multiple energy sectors is
important for investment planning and has the potential to exploit synergies.

28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th