Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: High-energy environment of super-Earth 55 Cnc e I: Far-UV chromospheric
  variability as a possible tracer of planet-induced coronal rain   The irradiation of close-in planets by their star influences their evolution
and might be responsible for a population of ultra-short period planets eroded
to their bare core. In orbit around a bright, nearby G-type star, the
super-Earth 55 Cnc e offers the possibility to address these issues through UV
transit observations. We used the Hubble Space Telescope to observe the transit
in the FUV over 3 epochs in Apr. 2016, Jan. 2017, and Feb. 2017. These
observations reveal significant short- and long-term variability in 55 Cnc
chromospheric emission lines. In the last 2 epochs, we detected a larger flux
in the C III, Si III, and Si IV lines after the planet passed the approaching
quadrature, followed by a flux decrease in the Si IV doublet. In the second
epoch these variations are contemporaneous with flux decreases in the Si II and
C II doublet. All epochs show flux decreases in the N V doublet as well, albeit
at different orbital phases. These flux decreases are consistent with
absorption from optically thin clouds of gas, are mostly localized at low and
redshifted radial velocities in the star rest frame, and occur preferentially
before and during the transit. These 3 points make it unlikely that the
variations are purely stellar, yet we show that the occulting material is also
unlikely to originate from the planet. We tentatively propose that the motion
of 55 Cnc e at the fringes of the stellar corona leads to the formation of a
cool coronal rain. The inhomogeneity and temporal evolution of the stellar
corona would be responsible for the differences between the visits. Additional
variations are detected in the C II doublet in the first epoch and in the O I
triplet in all epochs with a different behavior that points toward intrinsic
stellar variability. Further observations at FUV wavelengths are required to
disentangle between star-planet interactions and the activity of the star

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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph