Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Maximizing the minimum and maximum forcing numbers of perfect matchings
  of graphs   Let $G$ be a simple graph with $2n$ vertices and a perfect matching. The
forcing number $f(G,M)$ of a perfect matching $M$ of $G$ is the smallest
cardinality of a subset of $M$ that is contained in no other perfect matching
of $G$. Among all perfect matchings $M$ of $G$, the minimum and maximum values
of $f(G,M)$ are called the minimum and maximum forcing numbers of $G$, denoted
by $f(G)$ and $F(G)$, respectively. Then $f(G)\leq F(G)\leq n-1$. Che and Chen
(2011) proposed an open problem: how to characterize the graphs $G$ with
$f(G)=n-1$. Later they showed that for bipartite graphs $G$, $f(G)=n-1$ if and
only if $G$ is complete bipartite graph $K_{n,n}$. In this paper, we solve the
problem for general graphs and obtain that $f(G)=n-1$ if and only if $G$ is a
complete multipartite graph or $K^+_{n,n}$ ($K_{n,n}$ with arbitrary additional
edges in the same partite set). For a larger class of graphs $G$ with
$F(G)=n-1$ we show that $G$ is $n$-connected and a brick (3-connected and
bicritical graph) except for $K^+_{n,n}$. In particular, we prove that the
forcing spectrum of each such graph $G$ is continued by matching 2-switches and
the minimum forcing numbers of all such graphs $G$ form an integer interval
from $\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor$ to $n-1$.

0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph