Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: N-body simulations of oligarchic growth of Mars: Implications for Hf-W
  chronology   Dauphas and Pourmand (2011) [Nature 473, 489--492] estimated the accretion
timescale of Mars to be 1.8 $^{+0.9}_{-1.0}$ Myr from the W isotopes of martian
meteorites. This timescale was derived assuming perfect metal-silicate
equilibration between the impactor and the target's mantle. However, in the
case of a small impactor most likely only a fraction of the target's mantle is
involved in the equilibration, while only a small part of the impactor's core
equilibrates in the case of a giant impact. We examined the effects of
imperfect equilibration using results of high-resolution $N$-body simulations
for the oligarchic growth stage. These effects were found to be small as long
as a planetary embryo has a deep liquid magma ocean during its accretion. The
effect due to partial involvement of the target's mantle in equilibration is
small due to the low metal-silicate partition coefficient for W suggested from
the low Hf/W ratio of the martian mantle. The effect due to partial involvement
of the impactor's core is also small because a large fraction of the embryo
mass is delivered from small planetesimals, which are likely to fully
equilibrate in the deep magma ocean on the embryo. The accretion timescale of
Mars estimated by the Hf-W chronology is shorter than that expected for the
minimum mass solar nebula model as long as more than 10% of each impactor's
core re-equilibrates with the martian mantle and the final stages of accretion
are prolonged. This probably indicates that accretion of Mars proceeded rapidly
due to solid and gas surface densities significantly larger than those for the
minimum mass solar nebula or due to accretion of small fragments or pebbles.

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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio