Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The Herschel Reference Survey: Dust in Early-Type Galaxies and Across
  the Hubble Sequence   We present Herschel observations of 62 Early-Type Galaxies (ETGs), including
39 galaxies morphologically classified as S0+S0a and 23 galaxies classified as
ellipticals using SPIRE at 250, 350 and 500 microns (and PACS 100 and 160
microns for 19 sources) as part of the volume-limited Herschel Reference
Survey. We detect dust emission in 24% of the ellipticals and 62% of the S0s.
The mean temperature of the dust is 23.9+/-0.8 K, warmer than that found for
late-type galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. Including the non-detections, the mean
dust mass is log(Mdust) = 5.9+/-0.1 and 5.2+/-0.1 Msun for the S0s and
elliptical galaxies respectively. The mean dust-to-stellar mass is
log(Mdust/Mstar) = -4.4+/-0.1 (S0s) and -5.8+/-0.1 (ellipticals). Virtually all
the galaxies lie close to the red sequence yet the large number of detections
of cool dust, the gas-to-dust ratios and the ratios of far-infrared to radio
emission all suggest that many ETGs contain a cool interstellar medium similar
to that in late-type galaxies. The mean dust-to-stellar mass ratio for S0s is
approximatly a factor of ten less than for early-type spirals and the sizes of
the dust sources in the S0s are also much smaller. We show that the difference
cannot be explained by either the different bulge-to-disk ratios or
environmental effects such as ram-pressure stripping. The wide range in the
dust-to-stellar mass ratio for ETGs and the lack of a correlation between dust
mass and optical luminosity suggest that much of the dust in the ETGs detected
by Herschel has been acquired as the result of gravitational interactions;
these interactions are unlikely to have had a major effect on the stellar
masses of the ETGs. The Herschel observations tentatively suggest that in the
most massive ETGs, the mass of the interstellar medium is unconnected to the
evolution of the stellar populations.

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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: eess