Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Hierarchy of orientational phases and axial anisotropies in the gauge
  theoretical description of generalized nematics   The paradigm of spontaneous symmetry breaking encompasses the breaking of the
rotational symmetries $O(3)$ of isotropic space to a discrete subgroup, i.e. a
three-dimensional point group. The subgroups form a rich hierarchy and allow
for many different phases of matter with orientational order. Such spontaneous
symmetry breaking occurs in nematic liquid crystals and a highlight of such
anisotropic liquids are the uniaxial and biaxial nematics. Generalizing the
familiar uniaxial and biaxial nematics to phases characterized by an arbitrary
point group symmetry, referred to as \emph{generalized nematics}, leads to a
large hierarchy of phases and possible orientational phase transitions. We
discuss how a particular class of nematic phase transitions related to axial
point groups can be efficiently captured within a recently proposed gauge
theoretical formulation of generalized nematics [K. Liu, J. Nissinen, R.-J.
Slager, K. Wu, J. Zaanen, Phys. Rev. X {\bf 6}, 041025 (2016)]. These
transitions can be introduced in the model by considering anisotropic couplings
that do not break any additional symmetries. By and large this generalizes the
well-known uniaxial-biaxial nematic phase transition to any arbitrary axial
point group in three dimensions. We find in particular that the generalized
axial transitions are distinguished by two types of phase diagrams with
intermediate vestigial orientational phases and that the window of the
vestigial phase is intimately related to the amount of symmetry of the defining
point group due to inherently growing fluctuations of the order parameter. This
might explain the stability of the observed uniaxial-biaxial phases as compared
to the yet to be observed other possible forms of generalized nematic order
with higher point group symmetries.

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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph