Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: ETHOS - an effective theory of structure formation: formation of the
  first haloes and their stars   A cutoff in the linear matter power spectrum at dwarf galaxy scales has been
shown to affect the abundance, formation mechanism and age of dwarf haloes and
their galaxies at high and low redshift. We use hydrodynamical simulations of
galaxy formation within the ETHOS framework in a benchmark model that has such
a cutoff, and that has been shown to be an alternative to the cold dark matter
(CDM) model that alleviates its dwarf-scale challenges. We show how galaxies in
this model form differently to CDM on a halo-by-halo basis, at redshifts
$z\ge6$. We show that ETHOS haloes at the half-mode mass scale form with
50~per~cent less mass than their CDM counterparts due to their later formation
times, yet they retain more of their gas reservoir due to the different
behaviour of gas and dark matter during the monolithic collapse of the first
haloes in models with a galactic-scale cutoff. As a result, galaxies in ETHOS
haloes near the cutoff scale grow rapidly between $z=10-6$ and by $z=6$ end up
having very similar stellar masses, higher gas fractions and higher star
formation rates relative to their CDM counterparts. We highlight these
differences by making predictions for how the number of galaxies with old
stellar populations is suppressed in ETHOS for both $z=6$ galaxies and for
gas-poor Local Group fossil galaxies. Interestingly, we find an age gradient in
ETHOS between galaxies that form in high and low density environments.

9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph