Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The Heisenberg Defense: Proactively Defending SGX Enclaves against
  Page-Table-Based Side-Channel Attacks   Protected-module architectures (PMAs) have been proposed to provide strong
isolation guarantees, even on top of a compromised system. Unfortunately, Intel
SGX -- the only publicly available high-end PMA -- has been shown to only
provide limited isolation. An attacker controlling the untrusted page tables,
can learn enclave secrets by observing its page access patterns.
  Fortifying existing protected-module architectures in a real-world setting
against side-channel attacks is an extremely difficult task as system software
(hypervisor, operating system, ...) needs to remain in full control over the
underlying hardware. Most state-of-the-art solutions propose a reactive defense
that monitors for signs of an attack. Such approaches unfortunately cannot
detect the most novel attacks, suffer from false-positives, and place an
extraordinary heavy burden on enclave-developers when an attack is detected.
  We present Heisenberg, a proactive defense that provides complete protection
against page table based side channels. We guarantee that any attack will
either be prevented or detected automatically before {\em any} sensitive
information leaks. Consequently, Heisenberg can always securely resume enclave
execution -- even when the attacker is still present in the system.
  We present two implementations. Heisenberg-HW relies on very limited hardware
features to defend against page-table-based attacks. We use the x86/SGX
platform as an example, but the same approach can be applied when
protected-module architectures are ported to different platforms as well.
  Heisenberg-SW avoids these hardware modifications and can readily be applied.
Unfortunately, it's reliance on Intel Transactional Synchronization Extensions
(TSX) may lead to significant performance overhead under real-life conditions.

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The categories of this paper are: physics
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
2
The categories of this paper are: math
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th