Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Electronic structure depiction of magnetic origin in BaTiO$_{3-\delta}$
  thin film: A combined experimental and first-principles based investigation   With the motive of unraveling the origin of native vacancy induced
magnetization in ferroelectric perovskite oxide systems, here we explore the
consequences of electronic structure modification in magnetic ordering of
oxygen deficient epitaxial BaTiO$_{3-\delta}$ thin films. Our adapted
methodology employs state-of-the-art experimental approaches viz.
photo-emission, photo-absorption spectroscopies, magnetometric measurements
duly combined with first principles based theoretical methods within the frame
work of density functional theory (DFT and DFT+\textit{U}) calculations. Oxygen
vacancy (O$ _{V} $) is observed leading partial population of Ti 3\textit{d}
(t$_{2g}$), which induces defect state in electronic structure near the Fermi
level and reduces the band gap. The oxygen deficient BaTiO$_{2.75} $ film
reveals Mott-Hubbard insulator characteristic, in contrast to the band gap
insulating nature of the stoichiometric BaTiO$ _{3}$. The observed magnetic
ordering is attributed to the asymmetric distribution of spin polarized charge
density in the vicinity of O$ _{V} $ site which originates unequal magnetic
moment values at first and second nearest neighboring Ti sites, respectively.
Hereby, we present an exclusive method for maneuvering the band gap and on-site
electron correlation energy with consequences on magnetic properties of
BaTiO$_{3-\delta}$ system, which can open a gateway for designing novel single
phase multiferroic system.

28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys