Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Towards Geocoding Spatial Expressions   Imprecise composite location references formed using ad hoc spatial
expressions in English text makes the geocoding task challenging for both
inference and evaluation. Typically such spatial expressions fill in
unestablished areas with new toponyms for finer spatial referents. For example,
the spatial extent of the ad hoc spatial expression "north of" or "50 minutes
away from" in relation to the toponym "Dayton, OH" refers to an ambiguous,
imprecise area, requiring translation from this qualitative representation to a
quantitative one with precise semantics using systems such as WGS84. Here we
highlight the challenges of geocoding such referents and propose a formal
representation that employs background knowledge, semantic approximations and
rules, and fuzzy linguistic variables. We also discuss an appropriate
evaluation technique for the task that is based on human contextualized and
subjective judgment.

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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg