Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Near-infrared and Millimeter Constraints on the Nuclear Energy Source of
  the Infrared Luminous Galaxy NGC 4418   We present near-infrared and millimeter investigations of the nucleus of the
infrared luminous galaxy NGC 4418, which previous observations suggest
possesses a powerful buried AGN. We found the following main results: (1) The
infrared K-band spectrum shows CO absorption features at 2.3-2.4 micron owing
to stars and very strong H2 emission lines. The luminosity ratios of H2
emission lines are suggestive of a thermal origin, and the equivalent width of
the H2 1-0 S(1) line is the second largest observed to date in an external
galaxy, after the well-studied strong H2-emitting galaxy NGC 6240. (2) The
infrared L-band spectrum shows a clear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
emission feature at 3.3 micron, which is usually found in star-forming
galaxies. The estimated star-formation luminosity from the observed PAH
emission can account for only a small fraction of the infrared luminosity. (3)
Millimeter interferometric observations of the nucleus reveal a high HCN (1-0)
to HCO+ (1-0) luminosity ratio of 1.8, as has been previously found in pure
AGNs. (4) The measurements of HCN (1-0) luminosity using a single-dish
millimeter telescope show that the HCN (1-0) to infrared luminosity ratio is
slightly larger than the average, but within the scattered range, for other
infrared luminous galaxies. All of these results can be explained by the
scenario in which, in addition to energetically-insignificant, weakly-obscured
star-formation at the surface of the nucleus, a powerful X-ray emitting AGN
deeply buried in dust and high density molecular gas is present.

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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an