Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The Binary Fraction of Low Mass White Dwarfs   We describe spectroscopic observations of 21 low-mass (<0.45 M_sun) white
dwarfs (WDs) from the Palomar-Green Survey obtained over four years. We use
both radial velocities and infrared photometry to identify binary systems, and
find that the fraction of single, low-mass WDs is <30%. We discuss the
potential formation channels for these single stars including binary mergers of
lower-mass objects. However, binary mergers are not likely to explain the
observed number of single low-mass WDs. Thus additional formation channels,
such as enhanced mass loss due to winds or interactions with substellar
companions, are likely.

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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an