Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A modeler's guide to studying the resilience of
  social-technical-environmental systems   The term 'resilience' is increasingly being used in
social-technical-environmental systems sciences and particularly also in the
Earth system sciences. However, the diversity of resilience concepts and a
certain (sometimes intended) openness of proposed definitions can lead to
misunderstandings and may impede their application to complex systems
modelling. We propose a guideline that aims to ease communication as well as to
support systematic development of research questions and models in the context
of resilience. It can be applied independently of the modelling framework or
underlying theory of choice. At the heart of this guideline is a checklist
consisting of four questions to be answered: (i) Resilience of what? (ii)
Resilience regarding what? (iii) Resilience against what? (iv) Resilience how?
We refer to the answers to these resilience questions as the "system", the
"sustainant", the "adverse influence", and the "response options". The term
'sustainant' is a neologism describing the feature of the system (state,
structure, function, pathway, ...) that should be maintained (or restored
quickly enough) in order to call the system resilient.
  The use of this proposed guideline in the field of Earth system resilience is
demonstrated for the application example of a potential climate tipping
element: the Amazon rainforest. The example illustrates the diversity of
possible answers to the checklist's questions as well as their benefits in
structuring the modelling process. The guideline supports the modeller in
communicating precisely what is actually meant by 'resilience' in a specific
context. This combination of freedom and precision could help to advance the
resilience discourse by building a bridge between those demanding unambiguous
definitions and those stressing the benefits of generality and flexibility of
the resilience concept.

17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat