Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Quark matter nucleation in neutron stars and astrophysical implications   A phase of strong interacting matter with deconfined quarks is expected in
the core of massive neutron stars. We investigate the quark deconfinement phase
transition in cold (T = 0) and hot beta-stable hadronic matter. Assuming a
first order phase transition, we calculate and compare the nucleation rate and
the nucleation time due to quantum and thermal nucleation mechanisms. We show
that above a threshold value of the central pressure a pure hadronic star (HS)
(i.e. a compact star with no fraction of deconfined quark matter) is metastable
to the conversion to a quark star (QS) (i.e. a hybrid star or a strange star).
This process liberates an enormous amount of energy, of the order of
10^{53}~erg, which causes a powerful neutrino burst, likely accompanied by
intense gravitational waves emission, and possibly by a second delayed (with
respect to the supernova explosion forming the HS) explosion which could be the
energy source of a powerful gamma-ray burst (GRB). This stellar conversion
process populates the QS branch of compact stars, thus one has in the Universe
two coexisting families of compact stars: pure hadronic stars and quark stars.
We introduce the concept of critical mass M_{cr} for cold HSs and
proto-hadronic stars (PHSs), and the concept of limiting conversion temperature
for PHSs. We show that PHSs with a mass M < M_{cr} could survive the early
stages of their evolution without decaying to QSs. Finally, we discuss the
possible evolutionary paths of proto-hadronic stars.

19
The categories of this paper are: eess
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys