Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Cascade circuit architecture for RF-photonic frequency multiplication
  with minimum RF energy   A general RF-photonic circuit design for implementing frequency
multiplication is proposed. The circuit consists of N cascaded
differentially-driven Mach-Zehnder modulators biased at the minimum
transmission point with a progressive RF phase shift of 180/N applied to each
stage. The frequency multiplication factor obtained is 2N. The novelty of the
design is the reduced input RF energy required in comparison to the
functionally equivalent parallel MZM configuration. Using transfer matrix
method, a N=3 architecture is modeled to obtain frequency sextupling. An
industry standard simulation tool is used to verify the architectural concepts
and analysis. The proposed design requires no optical or electrical filtering
nor careful adjustment of the modulation index for correct operation. In
addition, the overall intrinsic conversion efficiency of the N=3 cascade
circuit is improved by 5 dB over a parallel MZM circuit. Finite MZM extinction
and/or phase errors and power imbalances in the electric drive signals are also
taken into consideration and their impact on overall performance investigated.
The circuit can be integrated in any material platform that offers
electro-optic modulators.

35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas