Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Anatomical and Diagnostic Bayesian Segmentation in Prostate MRI
  $-$Should Different Clinical Objectives Mandate Different Loss Functions?   We hypothesize that probabilistic voxel-level classification of anatomy and
malignancy in prostate MRI, although typically posed as near-identical
segmentation tasks via U-Nets, require different loss functions for optimal
performance due to inherent differences in their clinical objectives. We
investigate distribution, region and boundary-based loss functions for both
tasks across 200 patient exams from the publicly-available ProstateX dataset.
For evaluation, we conduct a thorough comparative analysis of model predictions
and calibration, measured with respect to multi-class volume segmentation of
the prostate anatomy (whole-gland, transitional zone, peripheral zone), as well
as, patient-level diagnosis and lesion-level detection of clinically
significant prostate cancer. Notably, we find that distribution-based loss
functions (in particular, focal loss) are well-suited for diagnostic or
panoptic segmentation tasks such as lesion detection, primarily due to their
implicit property of inducing better calibration. Meanwhile, (with the
exception of focal loss) both distribution and region/boundary-based loss
functions perform equally well for anatomical or semantic segmentation tasks,
such as quantification of organ shape, size and boundaries.

25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
2
The categories of this paper are: math
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an