Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Empirical Analysis of EIP-1559: Transaction Fees, Waiting Time, and
  Consensus Security   Transaction fee mechanism (TFM) is an essential component of a blockchain
protocol. However, a systematic evaluation of the real-world impact of TFMs is
still absent. Using rich data from the Ethereum blockchain, mempool, and
exchanges, we study the effect of EIP-1559, one of the first deployed TFMs that
depart from the traditional first-price auction paradigm. We conduct a rigorous
and comprehensive empirical study to examine its causal effect on blockchain
transaction fee dynamics, transaction waiting time and security. Our results
show that EIP-1559 improves the user experience by making fee estimation
easier, mitigating intra-block difference of gas price paid, and reducing
users' waiting times. However, EIP-1559 has only a small effect on gas fee
levels and consensus security. In addition, we found that when Ether's price is
more volatile, the waiting time is significantly higher. We also verify that a
larger block size increases the presence of siblings. These findings suggest
new directions for improving TFM.

2
The categories of this paper are: math
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph