Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Neutron star cooling and the rp process in thermonuclear X-ray bursts   When the upper layer of an accreting neutron star experiences a thermonuclear
runaway of helium and hydrogen, it exhibits an X-ray burst of a few keV with a
cool-down phase of typically 1~minute. When there is a surplus of hydrogen,
hydrogen fusion is expected to simmer during that same minute due to the rp
process, which consists of rapid proton captures and slow beta-decays of
proton-rich isotopes. We have analyzed the high-quality light curves of 1254
X-ray bursts, obtained with the Proportional Counter Array on the Rossi X-ray
Timing Explorer between 1996 and 2012, to systematically study the cooling and
rp process. This is a follow-up of a study on a selection of 37 bursts from
systems that lack hydrogen and show only cooling during the bursts. We find
that the bolometric light curves are well described by the combination of a
power law and a one-sided Gaussian. The power-law decay index is between 1.3
and 2.1 and similar to that for the 37-bursts sample. There are individual
bursters with a narrower range. The Gaussian is detected in half of all bursts,
with a typical standard deviation of 50~s and a fluence ranging up to 60% of
the total fluence. The Gaussian appears consistent with being due to the rp
process. The Gaussian fluence fraction suggests that the layer where the rp
process is active is underabundant in H by a factor of at least five with
respect to cosmic abundances. Ninety-four percent of all bursts from
ultracompact X-ray binaries lack the Gaussian component, and the remaining 6%
are marginal detections. This is consistent with a hydrogen deficiency in these
binaries. We find no clear correlation between the power law and Gaussian
light-curve components.

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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys