Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Molecular Gas in Tidal Dwarf Galaxies: On-going Galaxy Formation   We investigate the process of galaxy formation as can be observed in the only
currently forming galaxies -- the so-called Tidal Dwarf Galaxies, hereafter
TDGs -- through observations of the molecular gas detected via its CO (Carbon
Monoxide) emission. Molecular gas is a key element in the galaxy formation
process, providing the link between a cloud of gas and a {\it bona fide}
galaxy. We have now detected CO in 9 TDGs with an overall detection rate of
80%, showing that molecular gas is abundant in TDGs, up to a few $10^8
M_\odot$. The CO emission coincides both spatially and kinematically with the
HI emission, indicating that the molecular gas forms from the atomic hydrogen
where the HI column density is high. A possible trend of more evolved TDGs
having greater molecular gas masses is observed, in accord with the
transformation of HI into H$_2$. Although uncertainties are still large for
individual objects as the geometry is unknown, we find that the "dynamical"
masses of TDGs, estimated from the CO line widths, do not seem to be greater
than the "visible" masses (HI + H$_2$ + a stellar component), i.e., TDGs
require no dark matter. We provide evidence that TDGs are self-gravitating
entities, implying that we are witnessing the ensemble of processes in galaxy
formation: concentration of large amounts of gas in a bound object,
condensation of the gas, which is atomic at this point, to form molecular gas
and the subsequent star formation from the dense molecular component.

16
The categories of this paper are: stat
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math