Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Towards Swarm Calculus: Urn Models of Collective Decisions and Universal
  Properties of Swarm Performance   Methods of general applicability are searched for in swarm intelligence with
the aim of gaining new insights about natural swarms and to develop design
methodologies for artificial swarms. An ideal solution could be a `swarm
calculus' that allows to calculate key features of swarms such as expected
swarm performance and robustness based on only a few parameters. To work
towards this ideal, one needs to find methods and models with high degrees of
generality. In this paper, we report two models that might be examples of
exceptional generality. First, an abstract model is presented that describes
swarm performance depending on swarm density based on the dichotomy between
cooperation and interference. Typical swarm experiments are given as examples
to show how the model fits to several different results. Second, we give an
abstract model of collective decision making that is inspired by urn models.
The effects of positive feedback probability, that is increasing over time in a
decision making system, are understood by the help of a parameter that controls
the feedback based on the swarm's current consensus. Several applicable
methods, such as the description as Markov process, calculation of splitting
probabilities, mean first passage times, and measurements of positive feedback,
are discussed and applications to artificial and natural swarms are reported.

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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin