Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Signal-Locality and Subquantum Information in Deterministic
  Hidden-Variables Theories   It is proven that any deterministic hidden-variables theory, that reproduces
quantum theory for a 'quantum equilibrium' distribution of hidden variables,
must predict the existence of instantaneous signals at the statistical level
for hypothetical 'nonequilibrium ensembles'. This 'signal-locality theorem'
generalises yet another feature of the pilot-wave theory of de Broglie and
Bohm, for which it is already known that signal-locality is true only in
equilibrium. Assuming certain symmetries, lower bounds are derived on the
'degree of nonlocality' of the singlet state, defined as the (equilibrium)
fraction of outcomes at one wing of an EPR-experiment that change in response
to a shift in the distant angular setting. It is shown by explicit calculation
that these bounds are satisfied by pilot-wave theory. The degree of nonlocality
is interpreted as the average number of bits of 'subquantum information'
transmitted superluminally, for an equilibrium ensemble. It is proposed that
this quantity might provide a novel measure of the entanglement of a quantum
state, and that the field of quantum information would benefit from a more
explicit hidden-variables approach. It is argued that the signal-locality
theorem supports the hypothesis, made elsewhere, that in the remote past the
universe relaxed to a state of statistical equilibrium at the hidden-variable
level, a state in which nonlocality happens to be masked by quantum noise.

31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int