Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Inter-network regions of the Sun at millimetre wavelengths   The continuum intensity at wavelengths around 1 mm provides an excellent way
to probe the solar chromosphere. Future high-resolution millimetre arrays, such
as the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), will thus produce valuable input
for the ongoing controversy on the thermal structure and the dynamics of this
layer. Synthetic brightness temperature maps are calculated on basis of
three-dimensional radiation (magneto-)hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. While the
millimetre continuum at 0.3mm originates mainly from the upper photosphere, the
longer wavelengths considered here map the low and middle chromosphere. The
effective formation height increases generally with wavelength and also from
disk-centre towards the solar limb. The average intensity contribution
functions are usually rather broad and in some cases they are even
double-peaked as there are contributions from hot shock waves and cool
post-shock regions in the model chromosphere. Taking into account the
deviations from ionisation equilibrium for hydrogen gives a less strong
variation of the electron density and with it of the optical depth. The result
is a narrower formation height range. The average brightness temperature
increases with wavelength and towards the limb. The relative contrast depends
on wavelength in the same way as the average intensity but decreases towards
the limb. The dependence of the brightness temperature distribution on
wavelength and disk-position can be explained with the differences in formation
height and the variation of temperature fluctuations with height in the model
atmospheres.

26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci