Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Non-thermal vibrations in biased molecular junctions   We study vibrational statistics in current-carrying model molecular junctions
using master equation approach. Especially, we concentrate on the validity of
using an effective temperature $T_{\rm eff}$ to characterize the nonequilibrium
steady state of a vibrational mode. We identify cases where a single $T_{\rm
eff}$ can not fully describe one vibrational state. In such cases, the
probability distribution among different vibrational states does not follow the
Boltzmann type. Consequently, the actual entropy (free energy) of the
vibrational mode is lower (higher) than the corresponding thermal value given
by $T_{\rm eff}$, indicating extra work can be extracted from these states. Our
results will be useful for the study of non-thermal vibrational state in
thermodynamics of nanoscale systems, and its usage in nanoscale heat engines.

31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
2
The categories of this paper are: math
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
18
The categories of this paper are: econ