Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Transcriptional and translational responsiveness of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae type IV secretion system to conditions of host infections The type IV secretion system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae translocates single-stranded DNA into the extracellular space, facilitating horizontal gene transfer and initiating biofilm formation. Expression of this system has been observed to be low under laboratory conditions, and multiple levels of regulation have been identified. We used a translational fusion of lacZ to traD, the gene for the type IV secretion system coupling protein, to screen for increased type IV secretion system expression. We identified several physiologically relevant conditions, including surface adherence, decreased manganese or iron, and increased zinc or copper, which increase gonococcal type IV secretion system protein levels through transcriptional and/or translational mechanisms. These metal treatments are reminiscent of the conditions in the macrophage phagosome. The ferric uptake regulator, Fur, was found to repress traD transcript levels, but to also have a second role, acting to allow TraD protein levels to increase only in the absence of iron. To better understand type IV secretion system regulation during infection, we examined transcriptomic data from active urethral infection samples from five men. These data demonstrated differential expression of 20 of 21 type IV secretion system genes during infection, indicating upregulation of genes necessary for DNA secretion during host infection.
29
The categories of this paper are: education
17
The categories of this paper are: molecular
31
The categories of this paper are: paleontology
10
The categories of this paper are: and
23
The categories of this paper are: immunology
22
The categories of this paper are: physiology
27
The categories of this paper are: pathology
20
The categories of this paper are: pharmacology
8
The categories of this paper are: genomics
1
The categories of this paper are: bioinformatics
6
The categories of this paper are: plant
18
The categories of this paper are: systems
9
The categories of this paper are: synthetic
24
The categories of this paper are: cancer
26
The categories of this paper are: biochemistry
13
The categories of this paper are: animal