Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Insecure Until Proven Updated: Analyzing AMD SEV's Remote Attestation   Customers of cloud services have to trust the cloud providers, as they
control the building blocks that form the cloud. This includes the hypervisor
enabling the sharing of a single hardware platform among multiple tenants. AMD
Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) claims a new level of protection in cloud
scenarios. AMD SEV encrypts the main memory of virtual machines with
VM-specific keys, thereby denying the higher-privileged hypervisor access to a
guest's memory. To enable the cloud customer to verify the correct deployment
of his virtual machine, SEV additionally introduces a remote attestation
protocol.This paper analyzes the firmware components that implement the SEV
remote attestation protocol on the current AMD Epyc Naples CPU series. We
demonstrate that it is possible to extract critical CPU-specific keys that are
fundamental for the security of the remote attestation protocol.Building on the
extracted keys, we propose attacks that allow a malicious cloud provider a
complete circumvention of the SEV protection mechanisms. Although the
underlying firmware issues were already fixed by AMD, we show that the current
series of AMD Epyc CPUs, i.e., the Naples series, does not prevent the
installation of previous firmware versions. We show that the severity of our
proposed attacks is very high as no purely software-based mitigations are
possible. This effectively renders the SEV technology on current AMD Epyc CPUs
useless when confronted with an untrusted cloud provider. To overcome these
issues, we also propose robust changes to the SEV design that allow future
generations of the SEV technology to mitigate the proposed attacks.

3
The categories of this paper are: physics
2
The categories of this paper are: math
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga