Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Consensus on Demand   Digital money can be implemented efficiently by avoiding consensus. However,
no-consensus implementations have drawbacks, as they cannot support smart
contracts, and (even more fundamentally) they cannot deal with conflicting
transactions. We present a novel protocol that combines the benefits of an
asynchronous, broadcast-based digital currency, with the capacity to perform
consensus. This is achieved by selectively performing consensus a posteriori,
i.e., only when absolutely necessary. Our on-demand consensus comes at the
price of restricting the Byzantine participants to be less than a one-fifth
minority in the system, which is the optimal threshold. We formally prove the
correctness of our system and present an open-source implementation, which
inherits many features from the Ethereum ecosystem.

37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an