Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Controlling the growth of Bi(110) and Bi(111) films on an insulating
  substrate   Here we demonstrate the controlled growth of Bi(110) and Bi(111) films on an
(insulating) $\alpha$-Al$_2$O$_3$(0001) substrate by surface X-ray diffraction
and X-ray reflectivity using synchrotron radiation. At temperatures as low as
40 K, unanticipated pseudo-cubic Bi(110) films are grown having a thickness
ranging from a few to tens of nanometers. The roughness at the film-vacuum as
well as at the film-substrate interface, can be reduced by mild heating, where
a crystallographic orientation transition of Bi(110) towards Bi(111) is
observed at 400 K. From 450 K onwards high quality and ultrasmooth Bi(111)
films are formed. Growth around the transition temperature results in the
growth of competing Bi(110) and Bi(111) thin film domains.

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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga