Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: High-energy Emission from Pulsar Outer Magnetospheres   We investigate a stationary pair production cascade in the outer
magnetosphere of an isolated, spinning neutron star. The charge depletion due
to global flows of charged particles, causes a large electric field along the
magnetic field lines. Migratory electrons and/or positrons are accelerated by
this field to radiate gamma-rays via curvature and inverse-Compton processes.
Some of such gamma-rays collide with the X-rays to materialize as pairs in the
gap. The replenished charges partially screen the electric field, which is
self-consistently solved together with the energy distribution of particles and
gamma-rays at each point along the field lines. By solving the set of Maxwell
and Boltzmann equations, we demonstrate that an external injection of charged
particles at nearly Goldreich-Julian rate does not quench the gap but shifts
its position and that the particle energy distribution cannot be described by a
power-law. The injected particles are accelerated in the gap and escape from it
with large Lorentz factors. We show that such escaping particles migrating
outside of the gap contribute significantly to the gamma-ray luminosity for
young pulsars and that the soft gamma-ray spectrum between 100 MeV and 3 GeV
observed for the Vela pulsar can be explained by this component. We also
discuss that the luminosity of the gamma-rays emitted by the escaping particles
is naturally proportional to the square root of the spin-down luminosity.

29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an