Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Retired A Stars: The Effect of Stellar Evolution on the Mass Estimates
  of Subgiants   Doppler surveys have shown that the occurrence rate of Jupiter-mass planets
appears to increase as a function of stellar mass. However, this result depends
on the ability to accurately measure the masses of evolved stars. Recently,
Lloyd (2011) called into question the masses of subgiant stars targeted by
Doppler surveys. Lloyd argues that very few observable subgiants have masses
greater than 1.5 Msun, and that most of them have masses in the range 1.0-1.2
Msun. To investigate this claim, we use Galactic stellar population models to
generate an all-sky distribution of stars. We incorporate the effects that make
massive subgiants less numerous, such as the initial mass function and
differences in stellar evolution timescales. We find that these effects lead to
negligibly small systematic errors in stellar mass estimates, in contrast to
the roughly 50% errors predicted by Lloyd. Additionally, our simulated target
sample does in fact include a significant fraction of stars with masses greater
than 1.5 Msun, primarily because the inclusion of an apparent magnitude limit
results in a Malmquist-like bias toward more massive stars, in contrast to the
volume-limited simulations of Lloyd. The magnitude limit shifts the mean of our
simulated distribution toward higher masses and results in a relatively smaller
number of evolved stars with masses in the range 1.0-1.2 Msun. We conclude
that, within the context of our present-day understanding of stellar structure
and evolution, many of the subgiants observed in Doppler surveys are indeed as
massive as main-sequence A stars.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex