Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Reconstruction of the deep history of "Parent-Daughter" relationships
  among vertebrate paralogs   Gene duplication is a major mechanism through which new genetic material is
generated. Although numerous methods have been developed to differentiate the
ortholog and paralogs, very few differentiate the "Parent-Daughter"
relationship among paralogous pairs. As coined by the Mira et al, we refer the
"Parent" copy as the paralogous copy that stays at the original genomic
position of the "original copy" before the duplication event, while the
"Daughter" copy occupies a new genomic locus.
  Here we present a novel method which combines the phylogenetic reconstruction
of duplications at different evolutionary periods and the synteny evidence
collected from the preserved homologous gene orders. We reconstructed for the
first time a deep evolutionary history of "Parent-Daughter" relationships among
genes that were descendants from 2 rounds of whole genome duplications (2R
WGDs) at early vertebrates and were further duplicated in later ceancestors
like early Mammalia and early Primates.
  Our analysis reveals that the "Parent" copy has significantly fewer
accumulated mutations compared with the "Daughter" copy since their divergence
after the duplication event. More strikingly, we found that the "Parent" copy
in a duplication event continues to be the "Parent" of the younger successive
duplication events which lead to "grand-daughters".

22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol