Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Ferromagnetism in ZnO co-doped with Mn and N studied by soft x-ray
  magnetic circular dichroism   We have investigated the electronic structure of ZnO:Mn and ZnO:Mn,N thin
films using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and
resonance-photoemission spectroscopy. From the Mn 2$p$$\rightarrow3d$ XMCD
results, it is shown that, while XMCD signals only due to paramagnetic
Mn$^{2+}$ ions were observed in ZnO:Mn, nonmagnetic, paramagnetic and
ferromagnetic Mn$^{2+}$ ions coexist in ZnO:Mn,N. XMCD signals of ZnO:Mn,N
revealed that the localized Mn$^{2+}$ ground state and Mn$^{2+}$ state
hybridized with ligand hole coexisted, implying $p$-$d$ exchange coupling. In
the valence-band spectra, spectral weight near the Fermi level was suppressed,
suggesting that interaction between magnetic moments in ZnO:Mn,N has localized
nature.

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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: eess
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys