Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Modeling indoor-level non-pharmaceutical interventions during the
  COVID-19 pandemic: a pedestrian dynamics-based microscopic simulation
  approach   Mathematical modeling of epidemic spreading has been widely adopted to
estimate the threats of epidemic diseases (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic) as well
as to evaluate epidemic control interventions. The indoor place is considered
to be a significant epidemic spreading risk origin, but existing widely-used
epidemic spreading models are usually limited for indoor places since the
dynamic physical distance changes between people are ignored, and the empirical
features of the essential and non-essential travel are not differentiated. In
this paper, we introduce a pedestrian-based epidemic spreading model that is
capable of modeling indoor transmission risks of diseases during people's
social activities. Taking advantage of the before-and-after mobility data from
the University of Maryland COVID-19 Impact Analysis Platform, it's found that
people tend to spend more time in grocery stores once their travel frequencies
are restricted to a low level. In other words, an increase in dwell time could
balance the decrease in travel frequencies and satisfy people's demand. Based
on the pedestrian-based model and the empirical evidence, combined
non-pharmaceutical interventions from different operational levels are
evaluated. Numerical simulations show that restrictions on people's travel
frequency and open-hours of indoor places may not be universally effective in
reducing average infection risks for each pedestrian who visit the place. Entry
limitations can be a widely effective alternative, whereas the decision-maker
needs to balance the decrease in risky contacts and the increase in queue
length outside the place that may impede people from fulfilling their travel
needs.

32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn