Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Non-equilibrium Ionization States Within Galactic Outflows: Explaining
  Their O VI and N V Column Densities   We present a suite of one-dimensional spherically-symmetric hydrodynamic
simulations that study the atomic ionization structure of galactic outflows. We
track the ionization state of the outflowing gas with a non-equilibrium atomic
chemistry network that includes photoionization, photo-heating, and ion-by-ion
cooling. Each simulation describes a steady-state outflow that is defined by
its mass and energy input rates, sonic radius, metallicity, and UV flux from
both the host galaxy and meta-galactic background. We find that for a large
range of parameter choices, the ionization state of the material departs
strongly from what it would be in photo-ionization equilibrium, in conflict
with what is commonly assumed in the analysis of observations. In addition,
nearly all the models reproduce the low N V to O VI column density ratios and
the relatively high O VI column densities that are observed.

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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph