Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Reciprocal phase transition-enabled electro-optic modulation   Electro-optic (EO) modulation is a well-known and essential topic in the
field of communications and sensing. Its ultrahigh efficiency is
unprecedentedly desired in the current green and data era. However,
dramatically increasing the modulation efficiency is difficult due to the
monotonic mapping relationship between the electrical signal and modulated
optical signal. Here, a new mechanism termed phase-transition EO modulation is
revealed from the reciprocal transition between two distinct phase planes
arising from the bifurcation. Remarkably, a monolithically integrated
mode-locked laser (MLL) is implemented as a prototype. A 24.8-GHz
radio-frequency signal is generated and modulated, achieving a modulation
energy efficiency of 3.06 fJ/bit improved by about four orders of magnitude and
a contrast ratio exceeding 50 dB. Thus, MLL-based phase-transition EO
modulation is characterised by ultrahigh modulation efficiency and ultrahigh
contrast ratio, as experimentally proved in radio-over-fibre and underwater
acoustic-sensing systems. This phase-transition EO modulation opens a new
avenue for green communication and ubiquitous connections.

7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph