Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Instrumental Tip-of-the-iceberg Effects on the Prompt Emission of
  Swift/BAT Gamma-ray Bursts   The observed durations of prompt gamma-ray emission from gamma-ray bursts
(GRBs) are often used to infer the progenitors and energetics of the sources.
Inaccurate duration measurements will have a significant impact on constraining
the processes powering the bursts. The "tip-of-the-iceberg" effect describes
how the observed signal is lost into background noise; lower instrument
sensitivity leads to higher measurement bias. In this study, we investigate how
observing conditions, such as the number of enabled detectors, background
level, and incident angle of the source relative to the detector plane, affect
the measured duration of GRB prompt emission observed with the Burst Alert
Telescope on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift/BAT). We generate
"simple-pulse" light curves from an analytical fast rise exponential decay
function and from a sample of eight real GRB light curves. We fold these
through the Swift/BAT instrument response function to simulate light curves
Swift/BAT would have observed for specific observing conditions. We find
duration measurements are highly sensitive to observing conditions and the
incident angle of the source has the highest impact on measurement bias. In
most cases duration measurements of synthetic light curves are significantly
shorter than the true burst duration. For the majority of our sample, the
percentage of duration measurements consistent with the true duration is as low
as ~25%-45%. In this article, we provide quantification of the
tip-of-the-iceberg effect on GRB light curves due to Swift/BAT instrumental
effects for several unique light curves.

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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: physics
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin