Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Hidden Stratification Causes Clinically Meaningful Failures in Machine
  Learning for Medical Imaging   Machine learning models for medical image analysis often suffer from poor
performance on important subsets of a population that are not identified during
training or testing. For example, overall performance of a cancer detection
model may be high, but the model still consistently misses a rare but
aggressive cancer subtype. We refer to this problem as hidden stratification,
and observe that it results from incompletely describing the meaningful
variation in a dataset. While hidden stratification can substantially reduce
the clinical efficacy of machine learning models, its effects remain difficult
to measure. In this work, we assess the utility of several possible techniques
for measuring and describing hidden stratification effects, and characterize
these effects on multiple medical imaging datasets. We find evidence that
hidden stratification can occur in unidentified imaging subsets with low
prevalence, low label quality, subtle distinguishing features, or spurious
correlates, and that it can result in relative performance differences of over
20% on clinically important subsets. Finally, we explore the clinical
implications of our findings, and suggest that evaluation of hidden
stratification should be a critical component of any machine learning
deployment in medical imaging.

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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat