Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Patents used by NPE as an Open Information System in Web 2.0 - Two mini
  case studies   The Information Systems around patents are complex, their study coupled with
a creative vision of "out of the box", overcomes the strict basic functions of
the patent. We have, on several occasions, guiding research around the patent
solely-based on information, since the writing of new patents ; invalidation of
existing patents, the creation of value-added information and their links to
other Information Systems. The traditional R&D based on heavy investments is
one type of technology transfer. But, patent information is also, another
powerful tool of technology transfer, innovation and creativity. Indeed,
conduct research on the patent, from an academic viewpoint, although not always
focusing only on financial revenue, can be considered as a form of "Non
Practicing Entities" (NPE) activity, called rightly or wrongly "Patent Trolls".
We'll see why the term "patent troll" for this activity is controversial and
inappropriate. The research we will describe in this paper falls within this
context. We show two case studies of efficient use of patent information in
Emerging countries, the first concern the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil and
the second, the oil industry in Algeria.

31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc