Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: An Intelligent and Low-cost Eye-tracking System for Motorized Wheelchair
  Control   In the 34 developed and 156 developing countries, there are about 132 million
disabled people who need a wheelchair constituting 1.86% of the world
population. Moreover, there are millions of people suffering from diseases
related to motor disabilities, which cause inability to produce controlled
movement in any of the limbs or even head.The paper proposes a system to aid
people with motor disabilities by restoring their ability to move effectively
and effortlessly without having to rely on others utilizing an eye-controlled
electric wheelchair. The system input was images of the users eye that were
processed to estimate the gaze direction and the wheelchair was moved
accordingly. To accomplish such a feat, four user-specific methods were
developed, implemented and tested; all of which were based on a benchmark
database created by the authors.The first three techniques were automatic,
employ correlation and were variants of template matching, while the last one
uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Different metrics to quantitatively
evaluate the performance of each algorithm in terms of accuracy and latency
were computed and overall comparison is presented. CNN exhibited the best
performance (i.e. 99.3% classification accuracy), and thus it was the model of
choice for the gaze estimator, which commands the wheelchair motion. The system
was evaluated carefully on 8 subjects achieving 99% accuracy in changing
illumination conditions outdoor and indoor. This required modifying a motorized
wheelchair to adapt it to the predictions output by the gaze estimation
algorithm. The wheelchair control can bypass any decision made by the gaze
estimator and immediately halt its motion with the help of an array of
proximity sensors, if the measured distance goes below a well-defined safety
margin.

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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys