Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: HELIOS: An Open-source, GPU-accelerated Radiative Transfer Code For
  Self-consistent Exoplanetary Atmospheres   We present the open-source radiative transfer code named HELIOS, which is
constructed for studying exoplanetary atmospheres. In its initial version, the
model atmospheres of HELIOS are one-dimensional and plane-parallel, and the
equation of radiative transfer is solved in the two-stream approximation with
non-isotropic scattering. A small set of the main infrared absorbers is
employed, computed with the opacity calculator HELIOS-K and combined using a
correlated-$k$ approximation. The molecular abundances originate from validated
analytical formulae for equilibrium chemistry. We compare HELIOS with the work
of Miller-Ricci & Fortney using a model of GJ 1214b, and perform several tests,
where we find: model atmospheres with single-temperature layers struggle to
converge to radiative equilibrium; $k$-distribution tables constructed with
$\gtrsim 0.01$ cm$^{-1}$ resolution in the opacity function ($ \lesssim 10^3$
points per wavenumber bin) may result in errors $\gtrsim 1$-10 % in the
synthetic spectra; and a diffusivity factor of 2 approximates well the exact
radiative transfer solution in the limit of pure absorption. We construct
"null-hypothesis" models (chemical equilibrium, radiative equilibrium and solar
element abundances) for 6 hot Jupiters. We find that the dayside emission
spectra of HD 189733b and WASP-43b are consistent with the null hypothesis,
while it consistently under-predicts the observed fluxes of WASP-8b, WASP-12b,
WASP-14b and WASP-33b. We demonstrate that our results are somewhat insensitive
to the choice of stellar models (blackbody, Kurucz or PHOENIX) and metallicity,
but are strongly affected by higher carbon-to-oxygen ratios. The code is
publicly available as part of the Exoclimes Simulation Platform (ESP;
exoclime.net).

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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: stat