Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Cold spots in quantum systems far from equilibrium: local entropies and
  temperatures near absolute zero   We consider a question motivated by the third law of thermodynamics: can
there be a local temperature arbitrarily close to absolute zero in a
nonequilibrium quantum system? We consider nanoscale quantum conductors with
the source reservoir held at finite temperature and the drain held at or near
absolute zero, a problem outside the scope of linear response theory. We obtain
local temperatures close to absolute zero when electrons originating from the
finite temperature reservoir undergo destructive quantum interference. The
local temperature is computed by numerically solving a nonlinear system of
equations describing equilibration of a scanning thermoelectric probe with the
system, and we obtain excellent agreement with analytic results derived using
the Sommerfeld expansion. A local entropy for a nonequilibrium quantum system
is introduced, and used as a metric quantifying the departure from local
equilibrium. It is shown that the local entropy of the system tends to zero
when the probe temperature tends to zero, consistent with the third law of
thermodynamics.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: stat
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph