Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Hand Me Your PIN! Inferring ATM PINs of Users Typing with a Covered Hand   Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) represent the most used system for
withdrawing cash. The European Central Bank reported more than 11 billion cash
withdrawals and loading/unloading transactions on the European ATMs in 2019.
Although ATMs have undergone various technological evolutions, Personal
Identification Numbers (PINs) are still the most common authentication method
for these devices. Unfortunately, the PIN mechanism is vulnerable to
shoulder-surfing attacks performed via hidden cameras installed near the ATM to
catch the PIN pad. To overcome this problem, people get used to covering the
typing hand with the other hand. While such users probably believe this
behavior is safe enough to protect against mentioned attacks, there is no clear
assessment of this countermeasure in the scientific literature.
  This paper proposes a novel attack to reconstruct PINs entered by victims
covering the typing hand with the other hand. We consider the setting where the
attacker can access an ATM PIN pad of the same brand/model as the target one.
Afterward, the attacker uses that model to infer the digits pressed by the
victim while entering the PIN. Our attack owes its success to a carefully
selected deep learning architecture that can infer the PIN from the typing hand
position and movements. We run a detailed experimental analysis including 58
users. With our approach, we can guess 30% of the 5-digit PINs within three
attempts -- the ones usually allowed by ATM before blocking the card. We also
conducted a survey with 78 users that managed to reach an accuracy of only
7.92% on average for the same setting. Finally, we evaluate a shielding
countermeasure that proved to be rather inefficient unless the whole keypad is
shielded.

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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph