Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The examination of stable charge states of vacancies in Cu2ZnSnS4   The stable charge states of vacancies in the solar cell absorber material
Cu2ZnSnS4 are investigated using Kohn-Sham (KS) defect-induced single particle
levels analysis by concerning the screened Coulomb hybrid functional. We found
out that the Cu, Zn and S vacancies (denoted by VCu, VZn, VS) do not induce
single particle defect levels in the vicinity of the band gap thus each of them
has only one stable charge state corresponding to the fully occupied valence
band VCu1-, VZn2- and VS0, respectively (and therefore cannot account for any
defect transition energy levels). The Sn vacancy (VSn) has three stable charge
states VSn2-, VSn3- and VSn4-, which may account for two charge transition
energy levels. By comparing with previous charge transition energy levels
studies, our results indicate that the examination of stable charge states is a
necessary and important step which should be done before charge transition
energy levels calculations.

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The categories of this paper are: nlin
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: eess
2
The categories of this paper are: math
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ