Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Phase-fluctuation Induced Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking Normal State   Spontaneous time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking plays an important role in
studying strongly correlated unconventional superconductors. When the
superconducting gap functions with different pairing symmetries compete, an
Ising ($Z_2$) type symmetry breaking occurs due to the locking of the relative
phase $\Delta\theta_{12}$ via a second order Josephson coupling. The phase
locking can take place even in the normal state in the phase fluctuation regime
before the onset of superconductivity. If $\Delta\theta_{12}=\pm\frac{\pi}{2}$,
then TRS is broken, otherwise, if $\Delta\theta_{12}=0$, or, $\pi$, rotational
symmetry is broken leading to a nematic state. In both cases, the order
parameters possess a 4-fermion structure beyond the scope of mean-field theory.
We employ an effective two-component $XY$-model assisted by a renormalization
group analysis to address this problem. In addition, a quartetting, or,
charge-``4e", superconductivity can also occur above $T_c$. Monte-Carlo
simulations are performed and the results are in a good agreement with the
renormalization group analysis. Our results provide useful guidance for
studying novel symmetry breakings in strongly correlated superconductors.

9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
2
The categories of this paper are: math
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph