Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Nontopological Methods for Determining Topological Charge for Bosons and
  Fermions in Flat Spacetime   An alternative method to the topological instanton solution for deriving an
expression for the topological charge is presented. This alternative method
involves the use of relativistic quantum field theory and covariant
electrodynamics. In the case of bosons, this method is consistent with the
instanton solution in predicting that topological charge is quantized. But
furthermore, this method led to the new results that topological charge for
fermions cannot be quantized, whereas the instanton solution cannot distinguish
between bosons (quantized) and fermions (not quantized). Thus the new technique
produced results that were previously unobtainable. Mathematics Subject
Classifications (1991): // Key words: Topological charge, Dirac quantization
condition, Klein-Gordon equation

28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con