Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Effect of Particle Size on the Shear Strength Behavior of Sands   During plastic deformation of granular materials due to loading, the
stress-strain and strength characteristics of sand grains are influenced with
grain size, their distribution and packing. Also the macroscopic behaviour of
granular materials changes with the variation of microscopic behaviour.
Particle size is one of the important properties which plays a dominant role on
the stress, strain and strength responses of granular materials. Alteration of
grain size results in the change of void ratio as well as particle effective
contact area revolutionized and the load distribution mechanism of particle to
particle contact. To evaluate the effect of particle size, a series of direct
shear tests were performed considering uniform particles of eight samples
(0.075, 0.15, 0.212, 0.300, 0.600, 1.18, 1.72 and 2.76 mm) and graded particles
of two samples (0.075-1.18 mm and 0.075-2.36 mm). Three types of normal loads
(0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 kN) were selected for each test. For uniform particles,
particles retained on individual sieve size were considered and in graded
particles combination of each uniform particle pondered. A theoretical approach
was also proposed to correlate the particle size and macroscopic response. From
the experimental results, it was observed that for each set of normal load with
the increase of particle size ,angle of internal friction as well as maximum
horizontal shear stress increases for uniform sands and a similar response was
noticed in graded sands but the larger the gradation the higher the shear
strength. Maximum horizontal shear and angle of internal friction with respect
to particle size is also influenced by normal stress. Experimental results have
good agreement with the theoretical approach.

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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
1
The categories of this paper are: cs