Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Femtosecond pumping of nuclear isomeric states by the Coulomb collision
  of ions with quivering electrons   Efficient production of nuclear isomers is critical for pioneering
applications, like nuclear clocks, nuclear batteries, clean nuclear energy, and
nuclear {\gamma}-ray lasers. However, due to small production cross sections
and quick decays, it is extremely difficult to acquire a significant amount of
isomers with short lifetimes via traditional accelerators or reactors because
of low beam intensity. Here, for the first time, we experimentally present
femtosecond pumping of nuclear isomeric states by the Coulomb excitation of
ions with the quivering electrons induced by laser fields. Nuclei populated on
the third excited state of 83Kr are generated with a peak efficiency of
2.34*10^15 particles=s from a tabletop hundred-TW laser system. It can be
explained by the Coulomb excitation of ions with the quivering electrons during
the interaction between laser pulses and clusters at nearly solid densities.
This efficient and universal production method can be widely used for pumping
isotopes with excited state lifetimes down to picoseconds, and could be a
benefit for fields like nuclear transition mechanisms and nuclear {\gamma}-ray
lasers.

32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int