Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Necessity of selfconsistent calculations for the electromagnetic field
  in probing the nuclear symmetry energy using pion observables in heavy-ion
  collisions   Within an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model, we investigate the
necessity of selfconsistent calculations for the electromagnetic field in
probing the nuclear symmetry energy using pion observables in heavy-ion
collisions at intermediate energies. To this end, we perform the $^{96}$Ru +
$^{96}$Ru collisions at 400 MeV/nucleon with two calculations scenarios for the
electromagnetic field including the selfconsistent calculation and the most
used Li\'{e}nard-Wiechert formula, while the latter is a simplified one of the
complete Li\'{e}nard-Wiechert formula by neglecting the radiation field for
practical calculations in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate and/or
relativistic energies. As a comparison, we also consider the static Coulomb
field formula for calculations of the electromagnetic field in heavy-ion
collisions. It is shown that the most used simplified Li\'{e}nard-Wiechert
formula is not enough for the electromagnetic field calculation because the
absent radiation field in this formula also affects significantly the charged
pions as well as their $\pi^{-}/\pi^{+}$ ratio. Moreover, we also examine
effects of the electromagnetic field in these scenarios on the double
$\pi^{-}/\pi^{+}$ ratio of two isobar reaction systems of $^{96}$Ru + $^{96}$Ru
and $^{96}$Zr + $^{96}$Zr at 400 MeV/nucleon. It is shown that the double
$\pi^{-}/\pi^{+}$ ratio of two reactions tends to be less affected by the
electromagnetic field calculation scenario and thus can still be an effective
probe of the nuclear symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions. Therefore,
according to these findings, it is suggested that the selfconsistent
calculation for the electromagnetic field should be carefully taken into
account when using the pion observables to probe the nuclear symmetry energy in
heavy-ion collisions.

13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
2
The categories of this paper are: math
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph