Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Evryscope and K2 Constraints on TRAPPIST-1 Superflare Occurrence and
  Planetary Habitability   The nearby ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1 possesses several Earth-sized
terrestrial planets, three of which have equilibrium temperatures that may
support liquid surface water, making it a compelling target for exoplanet
characterization. TRAPPIST-1 is an active star with frequent flaring, with
implications for the habitability of its planets. Superflares (stellar flares
whose energy exceeds 10^33 erg) can completely destroy the atmospheres of a
cool star's planets, allowing ultraviolet radiation and high-energy particles
to bombard their surfaces. However, ultracool dwarfs emit little ultraviolet
flux when quiescent, raising the possibility of frequent flares being necessary
for prebiotic chemistry that requires ultraviolet light. We combine Evryscope
and Kepler observations to characterize the high-energy flare rate of
TRAPPIST-1. The Evryscope is an array of 22 small telescopes imaging the entire
Southern sky in g' every two minutes. Evryscope observations, spanning 170
nights over 2 years, complement the 80-day continuous short-cadence K2
observations by sampling TRAPPIST-1's long-term flare activity. We update
TRAPPIST-1's superflare rate, finding a cumulative rate of 4.2 (+1.9 -0.2)
superflares per year. We calculate the flare rate necessary to deplete ozone in
the habitable-zone planets' atmospheres, and find that TRAPPIST-1's flare rate
is insufficient to deplete ozone if present on its planets. In addition, we
calculate the flare rate needed to provide enough ultraviolet flux to power
prebiotic chemistry. We find TRAPPIST-1's flare rate is likely insufficient to
catalyze some of the Earthlike chemical pathways thought to lead to RNA
synthesis, and flux due to flares in the biologically relevant UV-B band is
orders of magnitude less for any TRAPPIST-1 planet than has been experienced by
Earth at any time in its history.

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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: cs