Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Centeurea damascena
  Methanolic Extract   The family Asteraceae include large number of Centaurea species which have
been applied in folk medicine. One of the family Asteraceae members is the
Centaurea damascena which authentically been tested for its antibacterial and
antioxidant activity as well as its toxicity. The aims of the study were to
determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and toxicity of
methanolic plant extracts of Centaurea damascena. The methanolic extracts were
screened for their antibacterial activity against nine bacteria (Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC 43300, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240,
and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 11293,
Pseudomonas aerugino and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC
13048 and Salmonella typhi ATCC19430). The antibacterial activity was assessed
by using the disc diffusion methods and the minimum inhibition concentrations
(MIC) using microdilution method. The extracts from Centaurea damascena
possessed antibacterial activity against several of the tested microorganisms.
The MIC of methanol extract of C. damascena ranged from 60 to 1100 microgram
per mL. Free radical scavenging capacity of the C. damascena methanol extract
was calculated by DPPH and FRAP test. DPPH radicals were scavenged with an IC50
value of 17.08 microgram per mL. Antioxidant capacities obtained by the FRAP
was 51.9 and expressed in mg Trolox per gram dry weight. The total phenolic
compounds of the methanol extracts of aerial parts, as estimated by
Folin_Ciocalteu reagent method, was about 460 mg GAE per gram. The phenolic
contents in the extracts highly correlate with their antioxidant activity,
confirming that the antioxidant activity of this plant extracts is considerably
phenolic contents-dependent.

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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org