Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Internal and external pressures on language emergence: least effort,
  object constancy and frequency   In previous work, artificial agents were shown to achieve almost perfect
accuracy in referential games where they have to communicate to identify
images. Nevertheless, the resulting communication protocols rarely display
salient features of natural languages, such as compositionality. In this paper,
we propose some realistic sources of pressure on communication that avert this
outcome. More specifically, we formalise the principle of least effort through
an auxiliary objective. Moreover, we explore several game variants, inspired by
the principle of object constancy, in which we alter the frequency, position,
and luminosity of the objects in the images. We perform an extensive analysis
on their effect through compositionality metrics, diagnostic classifiers, and
zero-shot evaluation. Our findings reveal that the proposed sources of pressure
result in emerging languages with less redundancy, more focus on high-level
conceptual information, and better abilities of generalisation. Overall, our
contributions reduce the gap between emergent and natural languages.

12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci