Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Protecting Intellectual Property of Language Generation APIs with
  Lexical Watermark   Nowadays, due to the breakthrough in natural language generation (NLG),
including machine translation, document summarization, image captioning, etc
NLG models have been encapsulated in cloud APIs to serve over half a billion
people worldwide and process over one hundred billion word generations per day.
Thus, NLG APIs have already become essential profitable services in many
commercial companies. Due to the substantial financial and intellectual
investments, service providers adopt a pay-as-you-use policy to promote
sustainable market growth. However, recent works have shown that cloud
platforms suffer from financial losses imposed by model extraction attacks,
which aim to imitate the functionality and utility of the victim services, thus
violating the intellectual property (IP) of cloud APIs. This work targets at
protecting IP of NLG APIs by identifying the attackers who have utilized
watermarked responses from the victim NLG APIs. However, most existing
watermarking techniques are not directly amenable for IP protection of NLG
APIs. To bridge this gap, we first present a novel watermarking method for text
generation APIs by conducting lexical modification to the original outputs.
Compared with the competitive baselines, our watermark approach achieves better
identifiable performance in terms of p-value, with fewer semantic losses. In
addition, our watermarks are more understandable and intuitive to humans than
the baselines. Finally, the empirical studies show our approach is also
applicable to queries from different domains, and is effective on the attacker
trained on a mixture of the corpus which includes less than 10\% watermarked
samples.

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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin