Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Multiferroic tunnel junctions   Multiferroics are singular materials that can display simultaneously electric
and magnetic orders. Some of them can be ferroelectric and ferromagnetic and,
for example, provide the unique opportunity of encoding information
independently in electric polarization and magnetization to obtain four
different logic states. However, schemes allowing a simple electrical readout
of these different states have not been demonstrated so far. In this article,
we show that this can be achieved if a multiferroic material is used as the
tunnel barrier in a magnetic tunnel junction. We demonstrate that thin films of
ferromagnetic-ferroelectric La0.1Bi0.9MnO3 (LBMO) retain both ferroic
properties down to a thickness of only 2 nm. We have used such films as
spin-filtering tunnel barriers the magnetization and electric polarization of
which can be switched independently. In that case, the tunnel current across
the structure is controlled by both the magnetic and ferroelectric
configuration of the barrier, which gives rise to four distinct resistance
states. This can be explained by the combination of spin filtering by the
ferromagnetic LBMO barrier and the partial charge screening of electrical
charges at the barrier/electrode interfaces due to ferroelectricity. We
anticipate our results to be a starting point for more studies on the interplay
between ferroelectricity and spin-dependent tunneling, and for the use of
nanometric multiferroic elements in prototype devices. On a wider perspective,
they may open the way towards novel reconfigurable logic spintronics
architectures and to electrically controlled readout in quantum computing
schemes using the spin-filter effect.

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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
2
The categories of this paper are: math
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn