Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: New application of decomposition of U(1) gauge potential:Aharonov-Bohm
  effect and Anderson-Higgs mechanism   In this paper we study the Aharonov-Bohm (A-B) effect and Anderson-Higgs
mechanism in Ginzburg-Landau model of superconductors from the perspective of
the decomposition of U(1) gauge potential. By the Helmholtz theorem, we derive
exactly the expression of the transverse gauge potential $\vec{A}_\perp$ in A-B
experiment, which is gauge-invariant and physical. For the case of a bulk
superconductor, we find that the gradient of the total phase field $\theta$
provides the longitudinal component ${\vec A}_{\parallel}$, which reflects the
Anderson-Higgs mechanism. For the case of a superconductor ring, the gradient
of the longitudinal phase field $\theta_1$ provides the longitudinal component
${\vec A}_{\parallel}$, while the transverse phase field $\theta_2$ produces
new physical effects such as the flux quantization inside a superconducting
ring.

29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
1
The categories of this paper are: cs