Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Protective heterologous T cell immunity in COVID-19 induced by MMR and Tdap vaccine antigens T cells are critical for control of viral infection and effective vaccination. We investigated whether prior Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) or Tetanus-Diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) vaccination elicit cross-reactive T cells that mitigate COVID-19. Using co-cultures of antigen presenting cells (APC) loaded with antigens and autologous T cells, we found a high correlation between responses to SARS-CoV-2 (Spike-S1 and Nucleocapsid) and MMR and Tdap vaccine proteins in both SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and individuals immunized with mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The overlapping T cell population contained effector memory T cells (TEMRA) previously implicated in anti-viral immunity and their activation required APC-derived IL-15. TCR- and scRNA-sequencing detected cross-reactive clones with TEMRA features among the cells recognizing SARS-CoV-2, MMR and Tdap epitopes. A propensity-weighted analysis of 73,582 COVID-19 patients revealed that severe disease outcomes (hospitalization and transfer to intensive care unit or death) were reduced in MMR or Tdap vaccinated individuals by 38-32% and 23-20% respectively. In summary, SARS-CoV-2 re-activates memory T cells generated by Tdap and MMR vaccines, which may reduce disease severity.
5
The categories of this paper are: cell
7
The categories of this paper are: ecology
22
The categories of this paper are: physiology
18
The categories of this paper are: systems
8
The categories of this paper are: genomics
28
The categories of this paper are: communication
20
The categories of this paper are: pharmacology
26
The categories of this paper are: biochemistry
19
The categories of this paper are: epidemiology
14
The categories of this paper are: biophysics
21
The categories of this paper are: toxicology
12
The categories of this paper are: behavior
17
The categories of this paper are: molecular
6
The categories of this paper are: plant
15
The categories of this paper are: developmental
10
The categories of this paper are: and