Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Proof of Federated Learning: A Novel Energy-recycling Consensus
  Algorithm   Proof of work (PoW), the most popular consensus mechanism for Blockchain,
requires ridiculously large amounts of energy but without any useful outcome
beyond determining accounting rights among miners. To tackle the drawback of
PoW, we propose a novel energy-recycling consensus algorithm, namely proof of
federated learning (PoFL), where the energy originally wasted to solve
difficult but meaningless puzzles in PoW is reinvested to federated learning.
Federated learning and pooled-ming, a trend of PoW, have a natural fit in terms
of organization structure. However, the separation between the data usufruct
and ownership in Blockchain lead to data privacy leakage in model training and
verification, deviating from the original intention of federal learning. To
address the challenge, a reverse game-based data trading mechanism and a
privacy-preserving model verification mechanism are proposed. The former can
guard against training data leakage while the latter verifies the accuracy of a
trained model with privacy preservation of the task requester's test data as
well as the pool's submitted model. To the best of our knowledge, our paper is
the first work to employ federal learning as the proof of work for Blockchain.
Extensive simulations based on synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the
effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed mechanisms.

15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin