Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Immune characterization and profiles of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients The spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the increasing mortality rates of COVID-19 create an urgent need for treatments, which are currently lacking. Although vaccines have been approved by the FDA for emergency use in the U.S., patients will continue to require pharmacologic intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality as vaccine availability remains limited. The rise of new variants makes the development of therapeutic strategies even more crucial to combat the current pandemic and future outbreaks. Evidence from several studies suggests the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection plays a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Consequently, host immune factors are becoming more recognized as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COVID-19. To develop therapeutic strategies to combat current and future coronavirus outbreaks, understanding how the coronavirus hijacks the host immune system during and after the infection is crucial. In this study, we investigated immunological patterns or characteristics of the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection that may contribute to the disease severity of COVID-19 patients. We analyzed large bulk RNASeq and single cell RNAseq data from COVID-19 patient samples to immunoprofile differentially expressed gene sets and analyzed pathways to identify human host protein targets. We observed an immunological profile of severe COVID-19 patients characterized by upregulated cytokines, interferon-induced proteins, and pronounced T cell lymphopenia, supporting findings by previous studies. We identified a number of host immune targets including PERK, PKR, TNF, NF-kB, and other key genes that modulate the significant pathways and genes identified in COVID-19 patients. Finally, we identified genes modulated by COVID-19 infection that are implicated in oncogenesis, including E2F transcription factors and RB1, suggesting a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may contribute to oncogenesis. Further clinical investigation of these targets may lead to bonafide therapeutic strategies to treat the current COVID-19 pandemic and protect against future outbreaks and viral escape variants.
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The categories of this paper are: genetics
11
The categories of this paper are: cognition
26
The categories of this paper are: biochemistry
7
The categories of this paper are: ecology
6
The categories of this paper are: plant
30
The categories of this paper are: scientific
15
The categories of this paper are: developmental
1
The categories of this paper are: bioinformatics
31
The categories of this paper are: paleontology
8
The categories of this paper are: genomics
27
The categories of this paper are: pathology
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The categories of this paper are: cancer
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The categories of this paper are: biology
25
The categories of this paper are: bioengineering
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The categories of this paper are: evolutionary
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The categories of this paper are: cell