Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: A Multi-epoch Timing and Spectral Study of the Ultraluminous X-Ray
  Source NGC 5408 X-1 with XMM-Newton   We present results of new XMM-Newton observations of the ultraluminous X-ray
source (ULX) NGC 5408 X-1, one of the few ULXs to show quasi-periodic
oscillations (QPO). We detect QPOs in each of four new (~ 100 ks) pointings,
expanding the range of frequencies observed from 10 - 40 mHz. We compare our
results with the timing and spectral correlations seen in stellar-mass black
hole systems, and find that the qualitative nature of the timing and spectral
behavior of NGC 5408 X-1 is similar to systems in the steep power-law state
exhibiting Type-C QPOs. However, in order for this analogy to quantitatively
hold we must only be seeing the so-called saturated portion of the QPO
frequency - photon index (or disk flux) relation. Assuming this to be the case,
we place a lower limit on the mass of NGC 5408 X-1 of > 800 solar masses.
Alternatively, the QPO frequency is largely independent of the spectral
parameters, in which case a close analogy with the Type-C QPOs in stellar
systems is problematic. Measurement of the source's timing properties over a
wider range of energy spectral index is needed to definitively resolve this
ambiguity. We searched all the available data for both a broad Fe emission line
as well as high frequency QPO analogs (0.1 - 1 Hz), but detected neither. We
place upper limits on the equivalent width of any Fe emission feature in the 6
- 7 keV band, and of the amplitude (rms) of a high frequency QPO analog of
approximately 10 eV and approximately 4%, respectively.

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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: cs