Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: TBD: Benchmarking and Analyzing Deep Neural Network Training   The recent popularity of deep neural networks (DNNs) has generated a lot of
research interest in performing DNN-related computation efficiently. However,
the primary focus is usually very narrow and limited to (i) inference -- i.e.
how to efficiently execute already trained models and (ii) image classification
networks as the primary benchmark for evaluation.
  Our primary goal in this work is to break this myopic view by (i) proposing a
new benchmark for DNN training, called TBD (TBD is short for Training Benchmark
for DNNs), that uses a representative set of DNN models that cover a wide range
of machine learning applications: image classification, machine translation,
speech recognition, object detection, adversarial networks, reinforcement
learning, and (ii) by performing an extensive performance analysis of training
these different applications on three major deep learning frameworks
(TensorFlow, MXNet, CNTK) across different hardware configurations (single-GPU,
multi-GPU, and multi-machine). TBD currently covers six major application
domains and eight different state-of-the-art models.
  We present a new toolchain for performance analysis for these models that
combines the targeted usage of existing performance analysis tools, careful
selection of new and existing metrics and methodologies to analyze the results,
and utilization of domain specific characteristics of DNN training. We also
build a new set of tools for memory profiling in all three major frameworks;
much needed tools that can finally shed some light on precisely how much memory
is consumed by different data structures (weights, activations, gradients,
workspace) in DNN training. By using our tools and methodologies, we make
several important observations and recommendations on where the future research
and optimization of DNN training should be focused.

28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex