Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Natural protection from type 1 diabetes in Non Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice is characterised by a unique pancreatic islet phenotype The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse develops spontaneous type 1 diabetes, with some features of disease that are very similar to the human disease. However, a proportion of NOD mice are naturally-protected from developing diabetes, and currently studies characterising this cohort are very limited. Here, using both immunofluorescence and multi-parameter flow cytometry we focus on the pancreatic islet morphology and immune infiltrate observed in naturally-protected NOD mice. We show that naturally-protected NOD mice are characterised by an increased frequency of insulin-containing, smaller sized, pancreatic islets. Although mice remain diabetes free, florid immune infiltrate remains. However, this immune infiltrate is skewed towards a regulatory phenotype in both T and B-cell compartments. Pancreatic islets have an increased frequency of IL-10 producing B cells and associated cell surface markers. Resident memory CD69+CD8+ T cells show a significant shift towards reduced CD103 expression, while CD4+ T cells have increased FoxP3+CTLA4+ expression. These data indicate that naturally-protected NOD mice have a unique islet signature and provide new insight into regulatory mechanisms within pancreatic islets.
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The categories of this paper are: plant
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The categories of this paper are: education
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The categories of this paper are: bioinformatics
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The categories of this paper are: synthetic
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The categories of this paper are: scientific
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The categories of this paper are: cell
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The categories of this paper are: ecology
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The categories of this paper are: paleontology
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The categories of this paper are: epidemiology
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The categories of this paper are: physiology
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The categories of this paper are: genomics
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The categories of this paper are: biochemistry
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The categories of this paper are: evolutionary
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The categories of this paper are: and
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The categories of this paper are: molecular
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The categories of this paper are: biology