Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Water Purification by Shock Electrodialysis: Deionization, Filtration,
  Separation, and Disinfection   The development of energy and infrastructure efficient water purification
systems are among the most critical engineering challenges facing our society.
Water purification is often a multi-step process involving filtration,
desalination, and disinfection of a feedstream. Shock electrodialysis (shock
ED) is a newly developed technique for water desalination, leveraging the
formation of ion concentration polarization (ICP) zones and deionization shock
waves in microscale pores near to an ion selective element. While shock ED has
been demonstrated as an effective water desalination tool, we here present
evidence of other simultaneous functionalities. We show that, unlike
electrodialysis, shock ED can thoroughly filter micron-scale particles and
aggregates of nanoparticles present in the feedwater. We also demonstrate that
shock ED can enable disinfection of feedwaters, as approximately $99\%$ of
viable bacteria (here \textit{E. coli}) in the inflow were killed or removed by
our prototype. Shock ED also separates positive from negative particles,
contrary to claims that ICP acts as a virtual barrier for all charged
particles. By combining these functionalities (filtration, separation and
disinfection) with deionization, shock ED has the potential to enable more
compact and efficient water purification systems.

5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
2
The categories of this paper are: math
18
The categories of this paper are: econ