Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Lifting of Tribocharged Grains by Martian Winds   It is a long-standing open question whether electrification of wind-blown
sand due to tribocharging - the generation of electric charges on the surface
of sand grains by particle-particle collisions - could affect rates of sand
transport occurrence on Mars substantially. While previous wind tunnel
experiments and numerical simulations addressed how particle trajectories may
be affected by external electric fields, the effect of sand electrification
remains uncertain. Here we show, by means of wind tunnel simulations under air
pressure of 20 mbar, that the presence of electric charges on the particle
surface can reduce the minimal threshold wind shear velocity for the initiation
of sand transport, u*ft, significantly. In our experiments, we considered
different samples, a model system of glass beads as well as a Martian soil
analog, and different scenarios of triboelectrification. Furthermore, we
present a model to explain the values of u*ft obtained in the wind tunnel that
is based on inhomogeneously distributed surface charges. Our results imply that
particle transport that subsides, once the wind shear velocity has fallen below
the threshold for sustained transport, can more easily be restarted on Mars
than previously thought.

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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: eess
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org