Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The fate of planetesimals formed at planetary gap edges   The presence of rings and gaps in protoplanetary discs are often ascribed to
planet-disc interactions, where dust and pebbles are trapped at the edges of
planetary induced gas gaps. Recent work has shown that these are likely sites
for planetesimal formation via the streaming instability. Given the large
amount of planetesimals that potentially form at gap edges, we address the
question of their fate and ability to radially transport solids in
protoplanetary discs. We perform a series of N-body simulations of planetesimal
orbits, taking into account the effect of gas drag and mass loss via ablation.
We consider two planetary systems: one akin to the young Solar System, and
another one inspired by HL Tau. In both systems, the close proximity to the
gap-opening planets results in large orbital excitations, causing the
planetesimals to leave their birth locations and spread out across the disc
soon after formation. Planetesimals that end up on eccentric orbits interior of
10au experience efficient ablation, and lose all mass before they reach the
innermost disc region. In our nominal Solar System simulation with
$\dot{M}_0=10^{-7}\, M_{\odot}\, \textrm{yr}^{-1}$ and $\alpha=10^{-2}$, we
find that 70% of the initial planetesimal mass has been ablated after 500kyr.
The ablation rate in HL Tau is lower, and only 11% of the initial planetesimal
mass has been ablated after 1Myr. The ablated material consist of a mixture of
solid grains and vaporized ices, where a large fraction of the vaporized ices
re-condense to form solid ice. Assuming that the solids grow to pebbles in the
disc midplane, this results in a pebble flux of $\sim
10-100\,M_{\oplus}\textrm{Myr}^{-1}$ through the inner disc. Our results
demonstrate that scattered planetesimals can carry a significant flux of solids
past planetary-induced gaps in young and massive protoplanetary discs.

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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: cs