Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Current enhancement in solid-state nanopores depends on
  three-dimensional DNA structure   The translocation of double-stranded DNA through a solid-state nanopore may
either decrease or increase the ionic current depending on the ionic
concentration of the surrounding solution. Below a certain crossover ionic
concentration, the current change inverts from a current blockade to current
enhancement. In this paper, we show that the crossover concentration for
bundled DNA nanostructures composed of multiple connected DNA double-helices is
lower than that of double-stranded DNA. Our measurements suggest that
counterion mobility in the vicinity of DNA is reduced depending on the
three-dimensional structure of the molecule. We further demonstrate that
introducing neutral polymers such as polyethylene glycol into the measurement
solution reduces electroosmotic outflow from the nanopore, allowing
translocation of large DNA structures at low salt concentrations. Our
experiments contribute to an improved understanding of ion transport in
confined DNA environments, which is critical for the development of nanopore
sensing techniques as well as synthetic membrane channels. Our salt-dependent
measurements of model DNA nanostructures will guide the development of
computational models of DNA translocation through nanopores.

21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
2
The categories of this paper are: math
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin