Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Chemical diversity of the atmospheres and interiors of sub-Neptunes -- A
  case study of GJ 436 b   The atmospheres of sub-Neptunes are expected to exhibit considerable chemical
diversity, beyond what is anticipated for gas-giant exoplanets. In the current
study, we construct self-consistent radiative transfer and equilibrium
chemistry models to explore this chemical diversity. We use GJ 436 b as a case
study to further study joint atmosphere-interior models. In particular, we
constrain the properties of the interior and atmosphere of the planet based on
the available Spitzer measurements. While it is possible to fit the emission
spectrum of GJ 436 b using a high-metallicity model, we demonstrate that such
an atmosphere is inconsistent with physically plausible interior structures. It
remains the case that no existing study can adequately fit the 4.5-micron
Spitzer secondary eclipse measurement, which is probably caused by chemical
disequilibrium. Finally, an information content analysis reveals that emission
and transmission spectra constrain the carbon-to-oxygen ratio and metallicity
at different wavelengths, but the former are less susceptible to flat spectra
stemming from highly metal-enriched atmospheres. With the recently-launched
JWST, we recommend that future analysis of emission and transmission spectra of
sub-Neptune planets are carried out self-consistently using both the
atmospheric and interior structure models.

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The categories of this paper are: solv-int
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg