Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Signatures of Wannier-Stark and surface states in electron tunneling and
  related phenomena: Electron transmission through a tilted band   Predicted by Wannier in 1960 band states quantization in a constant electric
field, $E_n$ = const $\pm n {\cal E}$, where $n =0$, 1, 2, ..., and ${\cal E}$
is proportional to the strength of electric field [this kind of spectrum is
commonly referred as the Wannier-Stark ladder (WSL)], implies that the
probability of tunneling through a tilted band should have ${\cal E}$ spaced
peaks, at least, under the weak coupling of the band states to the source and
drain electrodes. It has been shown, however, (Phys. Rev. B {\bf 63}, ...,
2001), that the appearance of the canonical WSL is preceded by WSLs with other
level spacing, namely, ${\cal E}_{m'/m}/(1-2m'/m)$, where $m$ and $m'< m/2$ are
positive integers specifying certain applied voltage. Here we show that
canonical and noncanonical WSLs, in addition to different peak spacing in the
transmission spectrum, have other pronouncedly distinctive features. As an
example, for the former, the peak and valley tunneling probability decays
exponentially with the increase of applied voltage. The corresponding exponents
are given by the sum and difference of two Fowler-Nordheim-type exponents
implying an anomalous increase of the peak-to-valley ratio. These and other
signatures of extended states (es), surface localized states (sls), and
Wannier-Stark (WS) states in the through tilted band transmission spectrum are
discussed on the basis of (derived for the first time) nearly exact explicit
expressions of es-, sls-, and WS states assisted tunneling probability.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio