Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3
  Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars   We describe calculations for the formation of icy planets and debris disks at
30-150 AU around 1-3 solar mass stars. Debris disk formation coincides with the
formation of planetary systems. As protoplanets grow, they stir leftover
planetesimals to large velocities. A cascade of collisions then grinds the
leftovers to dust, forming an observable debris disk. Stellar lifetimes and the
collisional cascade limit the growth of protoplanets. The maximum radius of icy
planets, roughly 1750 km, is remarkably independent of initial disk mass,
stellar mass, and stellar age. These objects contain no more than 3% to 4% of
the initial mass in solid material. Collisional cascades produce debris disks
with maximum luminosity of roughly 0.002 times the stellar luminosity. The peak
24 micron excess varies from roughly 1% of the stellar photospheric flux for 1
solar mass stars to roughly 50 times the stellar photospheric flux for 3 solar
mass stars. The peak 70-850 micron excesses are roughly 30-100 times the
stellar photospheric flux. For all stars, the 24-160 micron excesses rise at
stellar ages of 5-20 Myr, peak at 10-50 Myr, and then decline. The decline is
roughly a power law, with f propto t^{-n} and n = 0.6-1.0. This predicted
evolution agrees with published observations of A-type and solar-type stars.
The observed far-IR color evolution of A-type stars also matches model
predictions.

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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: stat
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
33
The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas