Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Controlling the shape and topology of two-component colloidal membranes   Changes in the geometry and topology of self-assembled membranes underlie
diverse processes across cellular biology and engineering. Similar to lipid
bilayers, monolayer colloidal membranes have in-plane fluid-like dynamics and
out-of-plane bending elasticity. Their open edges and micron length scale
provide a tractable system to study the equilibrium energetics and dynamic
pathways of membrane assembly and reconfiguration. Here, we find that doping
colloidal membranes with short miscible rods transforms disk-shaped membranes
into saddle-shaped surfaces with complex edge structures. The saddle-shaped
membranes are well-approximated by Enneper's minimal surfaces. Theoretical
modeling demonstrates that their formation is driven by increasing positive
Gaussian modulus, which in turn is controlled by the fraction of short rods.
Further coalescence of saddle-shaped surfaces leads to diverse topologically
distinct structures, including catenoids, tri-noids, four-noids, and higher
order structures. At long time scales, we observe the formation of a
system-spanning, sponge-like phase. The unique features of colloidal membranes
reveal the topological transformations that accompany coalescence pathways in
real time. We enhance the functionality of these membranes by making their
shape responsive to external stimuli. Our results demonstrate a novel pathway
towards control of thin elastic sheets' shape and topology -- a pathway driven
by the emergent elasticity induced by compositional heterogeneity.

18
The categories of this paper are: econ
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
1
The categories of this paper are: cs