Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Active silicon integrated nanophotonics: ferroelectric BaTiO3 devices   The integration of complex oxides on silicon presents opportunities to extend
and enhance silicon technology with novel electronic, magnetic, and photonic
properties. Among these materials, barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a particularly
strong ferroelectric perovskite oxide with attractive dielectric and
electro-optic properties. Here we demonstrate nanophotonic circuits
incorporating ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin films on the ubiquitous
silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. We grow epitaxial, single-crystalline
BaTiO3 directly on SOI and engineer integrated waveguide structures that
simultaneously confine light and an RF electric field in the BaTiO3 layer.
Using on-chip photonic interferometers, we extract a large effective Pockels
coefficient of 213 plus minus 49 pm/V, a value more than six times larger than
found in commercial optical modulators based on lithium niobate. The
monolithically integrated BaTiO3 optical modulators show modulation bandwidth
in the gigahertz regime, which is promising for broadband applications.

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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
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The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th