Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: How to Quantify the Security Level of Embedded Systems? A Taxonomy of
  Security Metrics   Embedded Systems (ES) development has been historically focused on
functionality rather than security, and today it still applies in many sectors
and applications. However, there is an increasing number of security threats
over ES, and a successful attack could have economical, physical or even human
consequences, since many of them are used to control critical applications. A
standardized and general accepted security testing framework is needed to
provide guidance, common reporting forms, and the possibility to compare the
results along the time. This can be achieved by introducing security metrics
into the evaluation or assessment process. If carefully designed and chosen,
metrics could provide a quantitative, repeatable and reproducible value that
would reflect the level of security protection of the ES. This paper analyzes
the features that a good security metric should exhibit, introduces a taxonomy
for classifying them, and finally, it carries out a literature survey on
security metrics for the security evaluation of ES. In this review, more than
500 metrics were collected and analyzed. Then, they were reduced to 169 metrics
that have the potential to be applied to ES security evaluation. As expected,
the 77.5 % of them is related exclusively to software, and only the 0.6 % of
them addresses exclusively hardware security. This work aims to lay the
foundations for constructing a security evaluation methodology that uses
metrics to quantify the security level of an ES.

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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: q-bio
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph