Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Valley Polarization and Inversion in Strained Graphene via Pseudo-Landau
  Levels, Valley Splitting of Real Landau Levels and Confined States   It is quite easy to control spin polarization and spin direction of a system
via magnetic fields. However, there is no such a direct and efficient way to
manipulate valley pseudospin degree of freedom. Here, we demonstrate
experimentally that it is possible to realize valley polarization and valley
inversion in graphene by using both strain-induced pseudomagnetic fields and
real magnetic fields. The pseudomagnetic fields, which are quite different from
real magnetic fields, pointing in opposite directions at the two distinct
valleys of graphene. Therefore, coexistence of the pseudomagnetic fields and
the real magnetic fields leads to imbalanced effective magnetic fields at two
distinct valleys of graphene. This allows us to control the valley in graphene
as convenient as the electron spin. In this work, we report consistent
observation of valley polarization and inversion in strained graphene via
pseudo-Landau levels, splitting of real Landau levels and valley splitting of
confined states using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our results highlight a
pathway to valleytronics in strained graphene-based platforms.

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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: nlin
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: econ
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The categories of this paper are: eess
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom