Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Progress and perspectives on composite laser-pulses spectroscopy for
  high-accuracy optical clocks   Probing an atomic resonance without disturbing it is an ubiquitous issue in
physics. This problem is critical in high-accuracy spectroscopy or for the next
generation of atomic optical clocks. Ultra-high resolution frequency metrology
requires sophisticated interrogation schemes and robust protocols handling
pulse length errors and residual frequency detuning offsets . This review
reports recent progress and perspective in such schemes, using sequences of
composite laser-pulses tailored in pulse duration, frequency and phase,
inspired by NMR techniques and quantum information processing. After a short
presentation of Rabi technique and NMR-like composite pulses allowing efficient
compensation of electromagnetic field perturbations to achieve robust
population transfers, composite laser-pulses are investigated within Ramsey's
method of separated oscillating fields in order to generate non-linear
compensation of probe-induced frequency shifts. Laser-pulses protocols such as
Hyper-Ramsey (HR), Modified Hyper-Ramsey (MHR), Generalized Hyper-Ramsey (GHR)
and hybrid schemes are reviewed. These techniques provide excellent protection
against both probe induced light-shift perturbations and laser intensity
variations. More sophisticated schemes generating synthetic frequency-shifts
are presented. They allow to reduce or completely eliminate imperfect
correction of probe-induced frequency-shifts even in presence of decoherence
due to the laser line-width. Finally, two universal protocols are presented
which provide complete elimination of probe-induced frequency shifts in the
general case where both decoherence and relaxation dissipation effects are
present by using exact analytic expressions for phase-shifts and the clock
frequency detuning. These techniques might be applied to atomic, molecular and
nuclear frequency metrology, mass spectrometry as well as precision
spectroscopy.

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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: eess
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
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The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: q-alg
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex