Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Spatial flocking: Control by speed, distance, noise and delay   Fish, birds, insects and robots frequently swim or fly in groups. During
their 3 dimensional collective motion, these agents do not stop, they avoid
collisions by strong short-range repulsion, and achieve group cohesion by weak
long-range attraction. In a minimal model that is isotropic, and continuous in
both space and time, we demonstrate that (i) adjusting speed to a preferred
value, combined with (ii) radial repulsion and an (iii) effective long-range
attraction are sufficient for the stable ordering of autonomously moving agents
in space. Our results imply that beyond these three rules ordering in space
requires no further rules, for example, explicit velocity alignment, anisotropy
of the interactions or the frequent reversal of the direction of motion,
friction, elastic interactions, sticky surfaces, a viscous medium, or vertical
separation that prefers interactions within horizontal layers. Noise and delays
are inherent to the communication and decisions of all moving agents. Thus,
next we investigate their effects on ordering in the model. First, we find that
the amount of noise necessary for preventing the ordering of agents is not
sufficient for destroying order. In other words, for realistic noise amplitudes
the transition between order and disorder is rapid. Second, we demonstrate that
ordering is more sensitive to displacements caused by delayed interactions than
to uncorrelated noise (random errors). Third, we find that with changing
interaction delays the ordered state disappears at roughly the same rate,
whereas it emerges with different rates. In summary, we find that the model
discussed here is simple enough to allow a fair understanding of the modeled
phenomena, yet sufficiently detailed for the description and management of
large flocks with noisy and delayed interactions. Our code is available at
http://github.com/fij/floc

34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
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The categories of this paper are: econ
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom