Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: $^1$S$_0$ Neutron Pairing vs Observations of Cooling Neutron Stars   As shown recently by Kaminker et al. (2001), current observations of thermal
emission of isolated middle-aged neutron stars (NSs) can be explained by
cooling of NSs of different masses with the cores composed of neutrons, protons
and electrons, assuming rather strong superfluidity (SF) of protons, weak
triplet-state SF of neutrons and neglecting singlet-state SF of neutrons. We
show that this explanation remains correct in the presence of singlet-state SF
of neutrons in the NS crust and outermost core but under stringent constraints
on the density profile of the SF critical temperature $T_{\rm cns}(\rho)$. In
order to explain observations of (young and hot) RX J0822--43 and (old and
warm) PSR 1055--52 and RX J1856--3754 as cooling not too massive NSs, the
maximum $T_{\rm cns}^{\rm max}$ should be rather high ($\ga 5 \times 10^9$ K)
and the decrease of $T_{\rm cns}(\rho)$ outside the maximum should be sharp.
These results place important constraints on the models of nucleon SF in dense
matter.

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The categories of this paper are: eess
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
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The categories of this paper are: plasm-ph
2
The categories of this paper are: math
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
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The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn