Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Polarization-dependent conductivity of grain boundaries in BiFeO3 thin
  films   Charge transport across the interfaces in complex oxides attracts a lot of
attention because it allows creating novel functionalities useful for device
applications. In particular, it has been observed that movable domain walls in
epitaxial BiFeO3 films possess enhanced conductivity that can be used for read
out in ferroelectric-based memories. In this work, the relation between the
polarization and conductivity in sol-gel BiFeO3 films with special emphasis on
grain boundaries as natural interfaces in polycrystalline ferroelectrics is
investigated. The grains exhibit self-organized domain structure in these
films, so that the "domain clusters" consisting of several grains with aligned
polarization directions are formed. Surprisingly, grain boundaries between
these clusters (with antiparallel polarization direction) have significantly
higher electrical conductivity in comparison to "inter-cluster" grain
boundaries, in which the conductivity was even smaller than in the bulk. As
such, polarization-dependent conductivity of the grain boundaries was observed
for the first time in ferroelectric thin films. The results are rationalized by
thermodynamic modelling combined with finite element simulations of the charge
and stress accumulation at the grain boundaries giving major contribution to
conductivity. The observed polarization-dependent conductivity of grain
boundaries in ferroelectrics opens up a new avenue for exploiting these
materials in electronic devices.

2
The categories of this paper are: math
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
24
The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
19
The categories of this paper are: eess