Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Rupture by damage accumulation in rocks   The deformation of rocks is associated with microcracks nucleation and
propagation, i.e. damage. The accumulation of damage and its spatial
localization lead to the creation of a macroscale discontinuity, so-called
"fault" in geological terms, and to the failure of the material, i.e. a
dramatic decrease of the mechanical properties as strength and modulus. The
damage process can be studied both statically by direct observation of thin
sections and dynamically by recording acoustic waves emitted by crack
propagation (acoustic emission). Here we first review such observations
concerning geological objects over scales ranging from the laboratory sample
scale (dm) to seismically active faults (km), including cliffs and rock masses
(Dm, hm). These observations reveal complex patterns in both space (fractal
properties of damage structures as roughness and gouge), time (clustering,
particular trends when the failure approaches) and energy domains (power-law
distributions of energy release bursts). We use a numerical model based on
progressive damage within an elastic interaction framework which allows us to
simulate these observations. This study shows that the failure in rocks can be
the result of damage accumulation.

26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
1
The categories of this paper are: cs
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
17
The categories of this paper are: q-fin
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
2
The categories of this paper are: math
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas