Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: CLOAK: Enabling Confidential Smart Contract With Multi-Party
  Transactions   In recent years, as blockchain adoption has been expanding across a wide
range of domains, e.g., supply chain and digital asset, smart contracts'
confidentiality has now become a fundamental demand for practical applications.
However, while new privacy protection techniques are emerging, how existing
ones can best fit development settings is understudied. State-of-art solutions
lack architectural support of programming interfaces thus can hardly reach
general developers. This paper proposes CLOAK, a pluggable and configurable
framework for developing and deploying confidential smart contracts. The key
capability of CLOAK is to allow developers to develop and deploy practical
solutions to Multi-party Transaction (MPT) problems, i.e., to verifiably
transact with secret parameters and states owned by different parties by simply
specifying it. To this end, CLOAK allows users to specify privacy invariants in
a declarative way, automatically generate runtime with enforced privacy, and
deploy it to enable the MPT on existing platforms. Additionally, we identify
the pitfalls and treats for achieving MPT, e.g., achieving public verifiability
and resisting byzantine adversaries with minimal blockchain interaction. In our
evaluation of both examples and real-world applications, developers manage to
deploy business services on blockchain concisely by only developing CLOAK smart
contracts, whose size is less than 13.5% of the deployed ones. Moreover, while
previous works require at least $O(n)$ transactions to secure an MPT, CLOAK
requires only 2 transactions and reduces gas cost by 29% on average. We believe
that the insights learned from CLOAK pave the way for public verifiable thus
reusable general-purpose multi-party computation achieved by harmonizing TEE
and blockchain.

8
The categories of this paper are: hep-ex
0
The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
23
The categories of this paper are: solv-int
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
2
The categories of this paper are: math
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
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The categories of this paper are: eess
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph