Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: The effect of radiative feedback on disc fragmentation   Protostellar discs may become massive enough to fragment producing secondary
low-mass objects: planets, brown dwarfs and low-mass stars. We study the effect
of radiative feedback from such newly-formed secondary objects using radiative
hydrodynamic simulations. We compare the results of simulations without any
radiative feedback from secondary objects with those where two types of
radiative feedback are considered: (i) continuous, and (ii) episodic. We find
that: (i) continuous radiative feedback stabilizes the disc and suppresses
further fragmentation, reducing the number secondary objects formed; (ii)
episodic feedback from secondary objects heats and stabilises the disc when the
outburst occurs, but shortly after the outburst stops, the disc becomes
unstable and fragments again. However, fewer secondary objects are formed
compared to the the case without radiative feedback. We also find that the mass
growth of secondary objects is mildly suppressed due to the effect of their
radiative feedback. However, their mass growth also depends on where they form
in the disc and on their subsequent interactions, such that their final masses
are not drastically different from the case without radiative feedback. We find
that the masses of secondary objects formed by disc fragmentation are from a
few M$_{\rm J}$ to a few 0.1 M$_{\odot}$. Planets formed by fragmentation tend
to be ejected from the disc. We conclude that planetary-mass objects on wide
orbits (wide-orbit planets) are unlikely to form by disc fragmentation.
Nevertheless, disc fragmentation may be a significant source of free-floating
planets and brown dwarfs.

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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: math
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The categories of this paper are: dg-ga
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The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: supr-con
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The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
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The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
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The categories of this paper are: hep-lat
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The categories of this paper are: physics
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The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
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The categories of this paper are: funct-an
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The categories of this paper are: math-ph
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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
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The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
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The categories of this paper are: cs