Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Modelling and analysis of offshore energy hubs   Clean, multi-carrier Offshore Energy Hubs (OEHs) may become pivotal for
efficient offshore wind power generation and distribution. In addition, OEHs
may provide decarbonised energy supply for maritime transport, oil and gas
recovery, and offshore farming while also enabling conversion and temporary
storage of liquefied decarbonised energy carriers for export. Here, we
investigate the role of OEHs in the transition of the Norwegian continental
shelf energy system towards zero-emission energy supply. We develop a
mixed-integer linear programming model for investment planning and operational
optimisation to achieve decarbonisation at minimum costs. We consider clean
technologies, including offshore wind, offshore solar, OEHs and subsea cables.
We conduct sensitivity analysis on CO$_2$ tax, CO$_2$ budget and the capacity
of power from shore. The results show that (a) a hard carbon cap is necessary
for stimulating a zero-emission offshore energy system; (b) offshore wind
integration and power from shore can more than halve current emissions, but
OEHs with storage are necessary for zero-emission production and (c) at certain
CO$_2$ tax levels, the system with OEHs can potentially reduce CO$_2$ emissions
by 50% and energy losses by 10%, compared to a system with only offshore
renewables, gas turbines and power from shore.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
35
The categories of this paper are: mtrl-th
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
21
The categories of this paper are: adap-org
6
The categories of this paper are: astro-ph
26
The categories of this paper are: bayes-an
34
The categories of this paper are: chem-ph
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
14
The categories of this paper are: math-ph
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex