Instruct: Identify the main category of Biorxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Ventral pallidum GABA neurons bidirectionally control opioid relapse across rat behavioral models Opioid addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder. Whether addicted individuals are forced to abstain or they decide themselves to quit using drugs, relapse rates are high--especially upon encountering contexts and stimuli associated with prior opioid use. Rodents similarly show context- and cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking following abstinence, and intriguingly, the neural circuits underlying these relapse-like behaviors differ when abstinence is involuntarily imposed, versus when animals decide themselves to cease taking drug. Here, we employ two complementary rat behavioral models of relapse-like behavior for the highly reinforcing opioid drug remifentanil, and asked whether GABAergic neurons in the ventral pallidum (VPGABA) control opioid seeking under these behavioral conditions. Specifically, we asked how chemogenetically stimulating VPGABA neurons with clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) influences the ability of contextual or discrete remifentanil-paired cues to reinstate drug seeking following either voluntary (punishment-induced; GroupPunish), or experimenter-imposed (extinction training; GroupExt) abstinence. In GroupPunish rats, we also chemogenetically inhibited VPGABA neurons, and examined spontaneous VP activity (Fos) during cued-reinstatement. In both GroupPunish and GroupExt rats, stimulating Gq-signaling in VPGABA neurons augmented remifentanil reinstatement in a cue- and context-dependent manner. Conversely, engaging inhibitory Gi-signaling in VPGABA neurons in GroupPunish suppressed cue-induced reinstatement, and additionally cue-triggered seeking was correlated with Fos in rostral, but not caudal VP. In contrast, neither stimulating nor inhibiting VPGABA neurons influenced unpunished remifentanil self-administration. We conclude that VPGABA neurons bidirectionally control opioid seeking regardless of the specific relapse model employed, highlighting their fundamental role in opioid relapse-like behavior across behavioral models, and potentially across species.

HighlightsO_LIWe acutely inhibit or stimulate VP GABA neurons during opioid seeking
C_LIO_LIVP GABA neurons mediate relapse-like behavior across behavioral models
C_LIO_LIBehavioral context impacts DREADD stimulation of behavior, not VP activity
C_LIO_LIRostral, not caudal VP Fos correlates with opioid reinstatement
C_LI
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