Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Controlled manipulation of oxygen vacancies using nanoscale
  flexoelectricity   Oxygen vacancies, especially their distribution, are directly coupled to the
electromagnetic properties of oxides and related emergent functionalities that
have implication in device applications. Here using a homoepitaxial strontium
titanate thin film, we demonstrate a controlled manipulation of the oxygen
vacancy distribution using the mechanical force from a scanning probe
microscope tip. By combining Kelvin probe force microscopy imaging and
phase-field simulations, we show that oxygen vacancies can move under a
stress-gradient-induced depolarisation field. When tailored, this nanoscale
flexoelectric effect enables a controlled spatial modulation. In motion, the
scanning probe tip thereby deterministically reconfigures the spatial
distribution of vacancies. The ability to locally manipulate oxygen vacancies
on-demand provides a tool for the exploration of mesoscale quantum phenomena,
and engineering multifunctional oxide devices.

37
The categories of this paper are: supr-con
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
10
The categories of this paper are: q-bio
7
The categories of this paper are: hep-th
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
11
The categories of this paper are: hep-lat