Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Being Careful with the Field Formation Interpretation of GW190412   The LIGO/Virgo Scientific Collaboration recently announced the detection of a
compact object binary merger, GW190412, as the first asymmetric binary black
hole (BBH) merger with mass ratio $q\approx0.25$. Other than the mass ratio,
this BBH has shown to have a positive effective spin of around $\chi_{\rm
eff}\approx0.28$. Assuming a field formation channel, associating this
effective spin to either the primary or the secondary BH each has its
implications: If the spin of the BBH comes form the primary BH, it has
consequences for the efficiency of angular momentum transport in the formation
of the BH. If, on the other hand, the spin is due to the secondary BH through
tidal spin-up processes, one has to note that (i) such processes have very
short delay-times, and (ii) subsequently, their local merger rate is determined
by local star formation rate at assumed formation metallicity of the BBH. We
show that the predicted merger rate density from this channel is $\lesssim
0.3~\rm Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}$ and in tension with the rather high local merger rate
of such systems which we estimate from this single event to be $\sim
1.7^{+2.5}_{-1.4}~\rm Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}$ (90\% confidence interval, and assuming
50 days of observing time). Large natal kicks ($v\gtrsim 500\,{\rm km/s}$)
would be required to get such BBHs with an in-plane spin component to account
for the marginal detection of precession in GW190412. However, this would only
exacerbate the tension as the estimated local merger rate would be further
decreased. Similarly, the formation of such systems through the dynamical
assembly is exceedingly rare, leaving this system a dilemma hard to account for
with the currently accepted paradigms of BBH formation.

15
The categories of this paper are: nucl-ex
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
3
The categories of this paper are: physics
20
The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
19
The categories of this paper are: eess
27
The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
16
The categories of this paper are: stat
9
The categories of this paper are: nlin
2
The categories of this paper are: math
36
The categories of this paper are: cmp-lg
22
The categories of this paper are: chao-dyn
25
The categories of this paper are: patt-sol
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The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
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The categories of this paper are: q-fin
28
The categories of this paper are: alg-geom