Instruct: Identify the main and secondary category of Arxiv papers based on the titles and abstracts
Query: Individual Pulse Monitoring and Dose Control System for Pre-Clinical
  Implementation of FLASH-RT   Ultra-high dose rate electron sources require dose rate independent
dosimeters and a calibrated dose control system for accurate delivery. In this
study, we developed a single-pulse dose monitoring and a real-time dose-based
control system for a converted clinical linear accelerator (LINAC). A point
scintillator detector was coupled to a gated amplifier and a real-time
controller for dose monitoring and feedback control loop. The controller was
programmed to integrate dose and measure pulse width of each radiation pulse
and gate the LINAC beam when the prescribed dose was delivered. The
scintillator was mounted in solid water phantom and placed underneath mice skin
for in vivo dose monitoring. Additionally, the scintillator was characterized
in terms of its radiation stability, mean dose-rate, and dose per pulse
dependence. Dose integration was performed for each radiation pulse and
displayed in real-time. The scintillator was shown to be linear with mean
dose-rate (40-380 Gy/s) and dose per pulse (0.3-1.3 Gy/Pulse) to within +/- 3%.
However, the plastic scintillator was subject to significant radiation damage
(16%/kGy) and would need to be calibrated frequently. Pulse-counting control
was accurately implemented with direct correspondence between the intended and
the actual delivered pulses. The dose-based control was sufficient to gate on
any pulse of the LINAC. In-vivo dosimetry monitoring with a 1 cm circular
cut-out revealed that a ramp-up of 4-5 pulses was present during which the
average dose per pulse was ~0.045 +/- 0.004 Gy/Pulse, whereas after the ramp-up
it stabilized at 0.65 +/- 0.01 Gy/Pulse. The tools presented in this study can
be used to determine the beam parameter space pertinent to the FLASH effect.
Additionally, this study is the first instance of real-time dose-based control
for a modified LINAC at ultra-high dose rates.

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The categories of this paper are: hep-ph
32
The categories of this paper are: atom-ph
4
The categories of this paper are: cond-mat
18
The categories of this paper are: econ
5
The categories of this paper are: gr-qc
13
The categories of this paper are: quant-ph
12
The categories of this paper are: nucl-th
31
The categories of this paper are: ao-sci
29
The categories of this paper are: funct-an
30
The categories of this paper are: q-alg
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The categories of this paper are: stat
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The categories of this paper are: cs
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The categories of this paper are: hep-th
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The categories of this paper are: comp-gas
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The categories of this paper are: acc-phys
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The categories of this paper are: solv-int